CN101303300A - Minitype optical fiber F-P sensor, manufacturing method and liquid tester based on sensor - Google Patents
Minitype optical fiber F-P sensor, manufacturing method and liquid tester based on sensor Download PDFInfo
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- CN101303300A CN101303300A CNA2008100697532A CN200810069753A CN101303300A CN 101303300 A CN101303300 A CN 101303300A CN A2008100697532 A CNA2008100697532 A CN A2008100697532A CN 200810069753 A CN200810069753 A CN 200810069753A CN 101303300 A CN101303300 A CN 101303300A
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Abstract
The present invention discloses a micro optical fiber F-P sensor, a method for producing the sensor, and a liquid tester based on the sensor, wherein, an ordinary single mode optical fiber is fused with one end of a solid core photonic crystal fiber for optical transmission, a single mode optical fiber is fused with the other end of the solid core photonic crystal fiber to seal the solid core photonic crystal fiber; the present invention has the following beneficial effects: the sensor is miniaturized, integrated, easy to produce, with high strength, high sensitivity, high response rate, wide measuring range, and resistant to harsh environment; in addition, the sensor eliminates the effect of light source fluctuations to the measuring result, and has unique refractive response characteristic and temperature response characteristic.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of optical fiber sensing technology, relate in particular to a kind of minitype optical fiber F-P sensor and preparation method thereof and based on the liquid tester of minitype optical fiber F-P sensor.
Background technology
Refractive index is the very important parameter of many construction materials, especially optical material, and refractive index also usually is to measure the important channel of clear solution concentration on the engineering in addition.And the material refractive index that provides on most material handbooks is not only mutually internally inconsistent, and its measuring condition (as correlated conditions such as the wavelength of correspondence, temperature) dispersiveness is very big, brings inconvenience to practical application; Therefore the measurement of refractive index has important application value, and the index sensor of research and development novel practical is particularly important.
Measuring refractive indexes of liquid has a wide range of applications in industry, and its measuring method has a lot.The most ripe is Abbe refractometer, and this refractometer can not use in rugged surroundings, and cost is very high, though and the measuring accuracy of rayleigh interferometer is high, but be not common common instrument, there is certain technical requirements the time spent; The appearance of Fibre Optical Sensor, provide outlet for solving sensor in the use under the rugged surroundings, Fibre Optical Sensor is with its explosion-proof, anti-electromagnetic interference (EMI), anticorrosive, high temperature resistant, advantage more and more is subjected to people's such as structure is small and exquisite favor, and for example: Bragg grating and long period fiber grating based on D type optical fiber all have been widely used in the measurement of various liquid refractivities; Shortcomings such as but this class grating type sensor has, and intensity is low, temperature cross sensitivity, measurement range are little, measuring system complexity have limited their further application in fields of measurement largely.
Optical fibre Fabry-perot (Fabry-Peort) interference sensor, be called for short fibre-optical F-P sensor, be at present historical the longest, technology is the most ripe, a kind of Fibre Optical Sensor of being most widely used, successfully be used to measure parameters such as temperature, strain, pressure, displacement, ultrasound wave, refractive index, the commercialization degree is very high; Particularly, because fibre-optical F-P sensor has unique advantages such as precision height, measurement range is big, multiplexing capacity is strong, response speed is fast, the measurement of carrying out refractive index with it has caused people's extensive concern.
Fibre-optical F-P sensor mainly is divided into two kinds of extrinsic type and Intrinsicals.Wherein: the interference cavity of extrinsic type fibre-optical F-P sensor is an air, and the interference cavity of Intrinsical fibre-optical F-P sensor is one section optical fiber; When the refractive index of extrinsic type fibre-optical F-P sensor air chamber changes, thereby its phase place will change and causes the variation of output intensity, shows as the drift of spectrum; Therefore, thus can be by the drift value detected gas of monitoring extrinsic type fibre-optical F-P sensor wavelength or the change of liquid refractivity.
Yet,, thereby caused the temperature cross sensitivity can not carry out the accurate measurement of extraneous refractive index owing to the wavelength of extrinsic type fibre-optical F-P sensor also can be along with the variation of ambient temperature be drifted about; In addition, the air chamber vulnerable to pollution of extrinsic type fibre-optical F-P sensor, this also gives accurately to measure and brings certain difficulty; In recent years, a kind ofly liquid refractive index such as glycerine, alcohol have been used to measure based on 157nm processed optical fiber F-P sensor, this fibre-optical F-P sensor is to temperature-insensitive, overcome temperature cross sensitivity effect, but it must be processed under vacuum environment, this just increased undoubtedly system of processing complicacy, improved cost; The most key is that such fibre-optical F-P sensor has three reflectings surface, and because the reflectivity of three faces is basic identical, having caused this signal of sensor is the stack of three long signals of corresponding different cavity, the big envelope modulation that shows as the low frequency signal correspondence on spectrum is used for the high-frequency signal of tracer liquid refractive index, give accurately to measure and brought certain error, have significant limitation in actual applications.
Summary of the invention
The invention discloses a kind of minitype optical fiber F-P sensor, in real core photonic crystal fiber one end welding general single mode fiber is arranged, other end welding has single-mode fiber.
Single-mode fiber is identical with the fiber core refractive index of real core photonic crystal fiber, and the length of single-mode fiber is the 10-100 micron.
Described real core photonic crystal fiber is unlimited single mould photon crystal optical fiber, i.e. EPCF, and its length is the 1-6 millimeter.
The method for making of above-mentioned minitype optical fiber F-P sensor, its step is as follows:
1) adopts of the end welding of the method for manual weld with general single mode fiber and real core photonic crystal fiber;
2) F-P cavity length as required, the cutting photonic crystal fiber;
3) adopt of the other end welding of the method for manual weld with single-mode fiber and real core photonic crystal fiber;
4) adopt the femtosecond laser method that the length of single-mode fiber is cut to tens microns.
In step 1) and 2) during the welding carried out, real core photonic crystal fiber wire mandrel more than 20 microns in the region of discharge.
Technological parameter during welding is as follows:
1) arc power is 30-55 (unit),
2) the pre-arcing time is 150-190ms,
3) discharge period is 600-1000ms.
Liquid tester based on above-mentioned minitype optical fiber F-P sensor, comprise: minitype optical fiber F-P sensor, it is monitoring probe, 2 * 1 coupling mechanism, spectrometer and computing machine, wherein: monitoring probe is connected with input end with the light source output terminal of spectrometer respectively by 2 * 1 coupling mechanism, and the spectrometer data output end is connected with computing machine.
Useful technique effect of the present invention is: make sensor microminiaturization, integrated, intensity is big, making is simple, highly sensitive, response speed is fast, measurement range is big, the adverse environment resistant ability is strong, eliminated the influence of light source fluctuation, and had unique refractive index response characteristic and temperature response characteristics measurement result.
Description of drawings:
Fig. 1, the interference spectum of the minitype optical fiber F-P sensor of Theoretical Calculation;
Fig. 2, the making schematic diagram of minitype optical fiber F-P sensor;
Fig. 3, the structural drawing of minitype optical fiber F-P sensor;
Fig. 4, the interference spectum of minitype optical fiber F-P sensor;
Fig. 5, the interference spectum of minitype optical fiber F-P sensor in the 1545-1550nm scope;
Fig. 6, minitype optical fiber F-P sensor detect the experimental principle figure of extraneous refractive index;
Fig. 7, the contrast of every grade of interference fringe of minitype optical fiber F-P sensor in the 1545-1550nm scope;
Fig. 8, the contrast of minitype optical fiber F-P sensor and the graph of a relation of refractive index;
Fig. 9, the wavelength shift of minitype optical fiber F-P sensor and the graph of a relation of temperature;
Figure 10, the contrast of minitype optical fiber F-P sensor and the graph of a relation of temperature;
Figure 11, the photo in kind of minitype optical fiber F-P sensor.
Among the figure: wire mandrel 5, minitype optical fiber F-P sensor 6, coupling mechanism 7, spectrometer 8, computing machine 9, first reflecting surface 10, second reflecting surface 11 in general single mode fiber 1, real core photonic crystal fiber 2, single-mode fiber 3, electrode 4, the region of discharge.
Embodiment
Theoretical analysis reflecting surface reflectivity is to the influence of such minitype optical fiber F-P sensor 6 outputs, select best parameter, reasonable in design, practical index sensor, and utilize the method for manual weld to make minitype optical fiber F-P sensor 6, that is: in real core photonic crystal fiber 2 one end weldings general single mode fiber 1 is arranged, other end welding has single-mode fiber 3.Single-mode fiber 3 is very short, is to change light transmission path in order to prevent that testing liquid from entering in the airport of real core photonic crystal fiber 2.
Embodiment 1:
Referring to accompanying drawing 3, general single mode fiber 1 is selected Corning SMF-28 for use, and it is the unlimited single mould photon crystal optical fiber (being EPCF) of 2.34mm that real core photonic crystal fiber 2 is selected length for use, and it is the Corning SMF-28e of 20 μ m that single-mode fiber 3 is selected length for use; General single mode fiber 1 has identical external radius with real core photonic crystal fiber 2, but has different fiber core refractive indexs, so just formed first reflecting surface 10 when two type optical fibers are welding together, real core photonic crystal fiber 2 has identical fiber core refractive index with single-mode fiber 3, therefore both are welding together formed reflecting surface has low-down reflectivity, and because the length of single-mode fiber 3 is very short, we can ignore its influence, therefore, this face of weld just plays the effect of transmission light.Single-mode fiber 3 forms second reflecting surface 11 with the outer space gas-bearing formation, this shows that 6 of such minitype optical fiber F-P sensors have two reflectings surface, belong to Intrinsical fibre-optical F-P sensor (IFPIs), have higher temperature control, we claim that also such sensor is EPCF-based IFPIs.
Fig. 4 is the interference spectum of minitype optical fiber F-P sensor, and Fig. 5 is the interference spectum of minitype optical fiber F-P sensor in the 1545-1550nm scope.As can be seen from the figure, the long minitype optical fiber F-P sensor 6 for 2.34mm in chamber is in the wave spectrum scope of 1520-1570nm, the big envelope that low frequency signal do not occur and produced, interference spectum is more smooth, and because EPCF has only 0.8dB/km in the loss at 1550nm place, so the contrast of interference fringe is about 15dB than higher, for follow-up signal Processing provides certain basis.
Embodiment 2:
Referring to accompanying drawing 2, real core photonic crystal fiber 2 is unlimited single mould photon crystal optical fiber, in this example, the model that we adopt heat sealing machine is Furukawa S176, in the process of welding in order to avoid as far as possible or to reduce subsiding of unlimited single mould photon crystal optical fiber covering place's airport, we have adopted two kinds of effective methods: the first is selected the mode of manual weld, selects than more weak arc power of automatic welding and shorter discharge time; It two is when placing unlimited single mould photon crystal optical fiber, make it away from wire mandrel in the arc discharge area 5, the energy that heat sealing machine electrode 4 discharges will more be applied on the unlimited single mould photon crystal optical fiber, controlled the quantity that unlimited single mould photon crystal optical fiber covering place airport subsides, the technological parameter that this example adopts is: arc power 45, pre-arcing time 170ms, discharge period 800ms.
The step of making minitype optical fiber F-P sensor 6 is: 1) respectively that an end-grain cutting of general single mode fiber 1 (selecting Corning SMF-28 for use) and real core photonic crystal fiber 2 (selecting Crystal Fiber:ESM-12-01 for use) is flat; 2) respectively general single mode fiber 1 and real core photonic crystal fiber 2 are placed in two micro-grooves of heat sealing machine, and with real core photonic crystal fiber 2 away from more than the 20 μ m of wire mandrel in the region of discharge; 3) mode of employing manual weld makes the strict alignment back discharge on X-axis and Y direction of two type optical fibers; 4) require to cut real core photonic crystal fiber 2 (its length has determined the length in F-P chamber) according to reality at microscopically; 5) according to step 2) and 3) method, will cut the other end of flat single-mode fiber 3 (selecting Corning SMF-28e for use) welding, and utilize femtosecond laser that the length of single-mode fiber 3 is cut to below 100 microns at real core photonic crystal fiber 2.
The minitype optical fiber F-P sensor 6 that adopts said method to make has novel Intrinsical F-P interference cavity, and its interference cavity is real core photonic crystal fiber 2, can avoid the influence of external environment, guarantees essential safety; This Intrinsical minitype optical fiber F-P sensor has not only overcome shortcomings such as grating type index sensor intensity is low, measurement range is little, measuring system complexity, interfere shortcomings such as refractive index sensing actuator temperature cross sensitivity, complex structure, chamber face vulnerable to pollution but also overcome extrinsic type F-P, this has also improved temperature control and refractive index sensitivity to a certain extent when reducing the expensive cost of F-P sensor.
Embodiment 3:
Referring to accompanying drawing 6, liquid tester based on minitype optical fiber F-P sensor 6, it comprises: minitype optical fiber F-P sensor 6 (being monitoring probe), 2 * 1 coupling mechanism 7, spectrometer 8 and computing machine 9, wherein: minitype optical fiber F-P sensor 6 is connected with input end with the light source output terminal of spectrometer 8 respectively by 2 * 1 coupling mechanism 7, and spectrometer 8 data output ends are connected with computing machine 9.
Spectrometer 8 is selected Si720 for use, it is used to monitor the output spectrum of EPCF-based IFPIs, its wavelength resolution and precision are respectively 0.25pm and 1pm, the light that Si720 sends enters EPCF-based IFPIs through one 2 * 1 coupling mechanism 7, the light of returning that is reflected passes through the input end that coupling mechanism enters Si720 once more, carries out data storage and processing through the computing machine 9 that connects.In experimentation, EPCF-based IFPIs is placed vertically in the glycerite to be measured, and after at every turn having surveyed a kind of solution of refractive index, will and dry up, wait until that spectrum returns to the solution to be measured of putting into another refractive index behind the original state again and measures with the clear water wash clean; Repeat above step repeatedly, just can be with this sensor measurement different solutions refractive index.
Referring to accompanying drawing 7, because the chamber of EPCF-based IFPIs is long long, the striped number is very many, and we calculate with regard to the interference fringe of having chosen in the typical communication wavelengths 1550nm scope; We can see from figure, and the contrast of every grade of interference fringe is not identical (mainly being because the reflecting surface of welding is smooth inadequately) in this wavelength coverage, and they have departed from mean value to some extent, and maximum value partially is for～0.015; In the process that detects refractive index, if adopt the contrast of certain grade of interference fringe to characterize extraneous change of refractive, error is just bigger, and therefore, we utilize the average contrast of this wave band to go to characterize extraneous change of refractive to overcome the influence that individual difference is brought.
Referring to accompanying drawing 8, vertically place glycerite in for the EPCF-based IFPIs of 2.34mm chamber length, along with the glycerite change of refractive, the contrast of EPCF-based IFPIs interference fringe will change, thus its Changing Pattern such as Fig. 8, as can be seen from the figure, experimental result and Theoretical Calculation result are very identical, in 1.3～1.444 scope, linearity reduces the contrast of interference fringe along with the increase of extraneous refractive index, and its sensitivity is～4.59/RI; In 1.444～1.5 ranges of indices of refraction, contrast is linear the increase along with the increase of refractive index, occur flex point at 1.444 places and mainly be since when the refractive index of extraneous solution with will produce the paraphase phenomenon when the refractive index of single-mode fiber 3 equates; In addition, owing to be used to monitor the contrast resolution that the spectrometer of this minitype optical fiber F-P sensor 6 has 0.001dB, therefore, the refractive index resolution of this minitype optical fiber F-P sensor 6 is～2 * 10
-5
Referring to accompanying drawing 9, the chamber is long for the EPCF-based IFPIs of 2.34mm places in the thermostatic control casing, just can regulate the wavelength shift of EPCF-based IFPIs by the temperature of controlling the thermostatic control casing; As can be seen from the figure, the wavelength shift of EPCF-basedIFPIs is along with the increase of the rising linearity of temperature, and has higher temperature control, and its value is 4.16nm/ ℃; In addition, do not have hysteresis phenomenon in whole process, fitting coefficient is 0.9985.
Referring to accompanying drawing 10, for directly placing in the thermostatic control casing, the EPCF-based IFPIs of 2.34mm controls the thermostatic box temperature with the chamber is long, and make it be elevated to 100 ℃ from 20 ℃, monitor the variation of interference fringe contrast simultaneously; As can be seen from the figure, in whole range of temperature, the contrast of interference fringe is avoided Temperature Influence, remains unchanged substantially.
Claims (7)
1, a kind of minitype optical fiber F-P sensor is characterized in that: in real core photonic crystal fiber (2) one end weldings general single mode fiber (1) is arranged, other end welding has single-mode fiber (3).
2, according to the described minitype optical fiber F-P sensor of claim 1, it is characterized in that: single-mode fiber (3) is identical with the fiber core refractive index of real core photonic crystal fiber (2), and the length of single-mode fiber (3) is the 10-100 micron.
3, according to the described minitype optical fiber F-P sensor of claim 1, it is characterized in that: described real core photonic crystal fiber (2) is unlimited single mould photon crystal optical fiber, i.e. EPCF, and its length is the 1-6 millimeter.
4, a kind of method for making of minitype optical fiber F-P sensor is characterized in that:
1) adopt the method for manual weld with the end welding of general single mode fiber (1) with real core photonic crystal fiber (2);
2) F-P cavity length as required, the cutting photonic crystal fiber;
3) adopt the method for manual weld with the other end welding of single-mode fiber (3) with real core photonic crystal fiber (2);
4) adopt the femtosecond laser method that the length of single-mode fiber (3) is cut to tens microns.
5, the method for making of a kind of minitype optical fiber F-P sensor according to claim 4 is characterized in that: step 1) and 2) during welding, and real core photonic crystal fiber (2) wire mandrel more than 20 microns in the region of discharge.
6, according to the method for making of the described minitype optical fiber F-P sensor of claim 4, it is characterized in that: during welding:
1) arc power is 30-55 (unit),
2) the pre-arcing time is 150-190ms,
3) discharge period is 600-1000ms.
7, a kind of liquid tester based on minitype optical fiber F-P sensor, it is characterized in that: this liquid tester comprises: minitype optical fiber F-P sensor (6), it is monitoring probe, 2 * 1 coupling mechanism (7), spectrometer (8) and computing machine (9), wherein: monitoring probe is connected with input end with the light source output terminal of spectrometer respectively by 2 * 1 coupling mechanism, and spectrometer (8) data output end is connected with computing machine (9).
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| CN101957227A (en) * | 2010-10-22 | 2011-01-26 | 南京信息工程大学 | Photonic crystal fiber optic liquid level sensor and sensing system formed by same |
| CN102279169A (en) * | 2011-07-01 | 2011-12-14 | 中国计量学院 | Refractive index sensor based on photonic crystal fiber |
| CN102768381A (en) * | 2012-07-04 | 2012-11-07 | 南京大学 | Micro-nano structured D-shaped optical fiber, method for producing same and application |
| CN102778306A (en) * | 2012-07-13 | 2012-11-14 | 南京信息工程大学 | Refractive index and temperature sensor of photonic crystal fiber, manufacturing method and measuring system |
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| CN104820174A (en) * | 2015-04-27 | 2015-08-05 | 国家电网公司 | Optical fiber external cavity type Fabry-Perot sensor array-based transformer partial discharge detection system |
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| CN108362395A (en) * | 2018-05-18 | 2018-08-03 | 深圳市博讯飞扬科技有限公司 | A kind of temperature sensing device and its test method based on photonic crystal fiber |
| CN108760710A (en) * | 2018-07-18 | 2018-11-06 | 武汉理工大学 | A kind of water pollution on-Line Monitor Device and its application process based on F-P cavity enhancing |
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| CN101957227B (en) * | 2010-10-22 | 2012-01-04 | 南京信息工程大学 | Photonic crystal fiber optic liquid level sensor and sensing system formed by same |
| CN101957227A (en) * | 2010-10-22 | 2011-01-26 | 南京信息工程大学 | Photonic crystal fiber optic liquid level sensor and sensing system formed by same |
| CN102279169A (en) * | 2011-07-01 | 2011-12-14 | 中国计量学院 | Refractive index sensor based on photonic crystal fiber |
| CN102279169B (en) * | 2011-07-01 | 2013-11-06 | 中国计量学院 | Refractive index sensor based on photonic crystal fiber |
| CN102768381A (en) * | 2012-07-04 | 2012-11-07 | 南京大学 | Micro-nano structured D-shaped optical fiber, method for producing same and application |
| CN102768381B (en) * | 2012-07-04 | 2014-06-11 | 南京大学 | Micro-nano structured D-shaped optical fiber, method for producing same and application |
| CN102778306A (en) * | 2012-07-13 | 2012-11-14 | 南京信息工程大学 | Refractive index and temperature sensor of photonic crystal fiber, manufacturing method and measuring system |
| CN103196474B (en) * | 2013-04-17 | 2015-08-05 | 中国科学院重庆绿色智能技术研究院 | A kind of optical fiber F-P sensor method for making and the pick-up unit be made up of it |
| CN103196474A (en) * | 2013-04-17 | 2013-07-10 | 重庆绿色智能技术研究院 | Manufacturing method of optical fiber Fabry-Perot sensor and detector composed of optical fiber Fabry-Perot sensor |
| CN104820174A (en) * | 2015-04-27 | 2015-08-05 | 国家电网公司 | Optical fiber external cavity type Fabry-Perot sensor array-based transformer partial discharge detection system |
| CN105136669A (en) * | 2015-10-15 | 2015-12-09 | 北京微乎科技有限公司 | Micro spectrum sensor capable of being integrated rapidly |
| CN108362395A (en) * | 2018-05-18 | 2018-08-03 | 深圳市博讯飞扬科技有限公司 | A kind of temperature sensing device and its test method based on photonic crystal fiber |
| CN108362395B (en) * | 2018-05-18 | 2024-01-19 | 动力博石(广东)智能装备有限公司 | Temperature sensing device based on photonic crystal fiber and testing method thereof |
| CN108760710A (en) * | 2018-07-18 | 2018-11-06 | 武汉理工大学 | A kind of water pollution on-Line Monitor Device and its application process based on F-P cavity enhancing |
| CN108760710B (en) * | 2018-07-18 | 2020-11-17 | 武汉理工大学 | F-P cavity enhancement-based water pollution online monitoring device and application method thereof |
| CN110160571A (en) * | 2019-05-31 | 2019-08-23 | 上海大学 | It is a kind of based on the Fabry Perot sensor of silicon core fibre and its preparation and application |
| CN110160571B (en) * | 2019-05-31 | 2021-08-10 | 上海大学 | Fabry-Perot sensor based on silicon core optical fiber and preparation and application thereof |
| CN112834072A (en) * | 2021-02-08 | 2021-05-25 | 广东海洋大学 | Michelson interference optical fiber temperature sensor for detecting stripe contrast change |
| CN112834072B (en) * | 2021-02-08 | 2021-09-24 | 广东海洋大学 | Michelson interference optical fiber temperature sensor for detecting stripe contrast change |
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Open date: 20081112 |