CN101297014B - 摩擦制品的制造方法 - Google Patents
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Classifications
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16D—COUPLINGS FOR TRANSMITTING ROTATION; CLUTCHES; BRAKES
- F16D69/00—Friction linings; Attachment thereof; Selection of coacting friction substances or surfaces
- F16D69/02—Composition of linings ; Methods of manufacturing
- F16D69/023—Composite materials containing carbon and carbon fibres or fibres made of carbonizable material
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B35/00—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products
- C04B35/71—Ceramic products containing macroscopic reinforcing agents
- C04B35/78—Ceramic products containing macroscopic reinforcing agents containing non-metallic materials
- C04B35/80—Fibres, filaments, whiskers, platelets, or the like
- C04B35/83—Carbon fibres in a carbon matrix
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16D—COUPLINGS FOR TRANSMITTING ROTATION; CLUTCHES; BRAKES
- F16D2200/00—Materials; Production methods therefor
- F16D2200/0082—Production methods therefor
- F16D2200/0086—Moulding materials together by application of heat and pressure
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
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- Ceramic Engineering (AREA)
- Composite Materials (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Structural Engineering (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Braking Arrangements (AREA)
- Inorganic Fibers (AREA)
- Ceramic Products (AREA)
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Abstract
本发明涉及化学、冶金学、摩擦制品和离合器制品的制备方法。本发明的方法包括:碳纤维的粉碎;借助于湍流传输被粉碎的碳纤维与沥青粉混合;随后在过滤元件上沉积所述混合物且压制成块,在压制成的半成品块中碳纤维单丝的方向是随机分布的;此半成品块是在低于沥青软化点的温度下通过压缩成坯;最后在大于沥青软化点的温度下通过热压作用压制其坯形成制品;以及进行制品稳定化热处理。所述方法的特征在于:碳纤维在粉碎前,以连续丝束形式被焦炭类聚合物包裹,形成连续丝束,在2850至3250℃的温度下石墨化,使晶体结构紧密排列。本发明的方法防止在刹车片生产的工艺步骤期间石墨化纤维的破坏。
Description
本发明涉及化学和冶金学,涉及摩擦制品和离合器制品的制备方法。
在本领域已知的制造刹车片的方法为:纤维与粘合剂混合、对混合物锻压使其体积减少形成半成品(заготовки изделия)、半成品热压作用下粘合剂发生聚合反应压制形成产品(参见例如SU1114340,C 08 J 5/14,1984.)。
上述路线的缺点是在使用过程中受热情况下摩擦系数不稳定。
更先进且更接近于本发明的是一种生产摩擦制品的方法,包括:碳纤维的粉碎;在湍流下碳纤维与沥青粉的机械混合;在过滤元件(φилътрующем элементе)上沉积碳纤维与沥青粉的混合物;在低于沥青熔点的温度下,通过锻压形成半成品;在半成品中碳纤维单丝的空间排列方式是无规的;在压力和热的同时作用下(而温度高于沥青熔点)通过压制半成品形成最终产品以及进行稳定产品热处理(RU 2194057 2001-02-12 C08J5/14)。
但是上述方法的实施必须要完全分离源含碳石墨化丝束和初级丝纤维同时利用相对低密度的碳化纤维(密度低于1.75g/cm3)。上述方法实际上使得利用石墨化碳纤维作为来源几乎是不可能的,因为如果没有采取特别的措施,它们就会在形成和压制半产品时被过度碾碎,其最终导致操作期间摩擦制品的破坏或限制具有特定参数的摩擦制品的生产。
同时,利用高模数(E>400GPa)和高密度(超过1.9g/cm3)的石墨化纤维作为用于制造碳-含碳摩擦制品的来源具有以下几个优点,如:允许在较短的工艺周期内获得密度为至少1.85g/cm3的压缩摩擦制品、降低复合物的可氧化性、以及实现预想的热导率(导热系数)的各向异性。当利用石墨化纤维时最重要的因素是较大可能性获得摩擦系数的需要值而不增加磨损。
利用所要求保护的方法的技术结果是在制造的刹车片的技术再分配期间防止石墨化纤维的破坏。
本发明提供了一种制造摩擦制品的方法,包括:碳纤维的粉碎;碳纤维在湍流中的输送且与沥青粉机械混合;在过滤元件上沉积;压实成块,在块内碳纤维单丝的空间排列是无规的;在低于沥青熔点的温度下通过锻压形成半产品;在超过沥青熔点的温度下、在压力和热的同时作用(影响)下处理半产品形成最终产品;由于粉碎之前的碳纤维以连续丝束形式被焦炭类聚合物包裹(整理),所以形成丝缕并且在2850-3250℃的温度下被石墨化处理使其形成密实的晶体结构。
并且还通过利用经碳化的碳纤维作为碳纤维原料。
并且还通过利用被氧化的碳纤维作为碳纤维原料。
在技术再分配过程中的产品组成状态的质量特性通过表中的信息示出。
所要求保护的方法是如下实施的。
实现所要求的技术输出同时利用任何丙烯酸(类)纤维(AF)。碳化或氧化的碳纤维可以被用作源纤维。但是利用氧化纤维用于碳-含碳复合材料会导致更复杂的生产周期,因为利用另外的昂贵的装备用于有毒的挥发性化合物(氰化物)的回收和解毒,其影响生产成本。
连续丝束形式的源含碳纤维被焦炭类聚合物(整理,作为环氧-脂肪族组合物、聚乙烯醇、聚丙烯酰胺或酚醛树脂(φенолформалъдегидная смола))包裹并形成为丝缕(卷)、在2850-3250℃的温度下被石墨化处理使其形成密实的晶体结构(例如装入石墨容器中)。在实验中适合的最佳焦炭类聚合物的量,例如环氧-脂肪族组合物为2%-4%,其中对于脂肪族聚合物(聚丙烯酰胺)的环氧比率为1∶10。同时,对于其他提到的聚合物,整理剂含量(处理剂含量)或者过剂量(对于酚醛树脂超过60%的未分丝(неразделенных филаментов)),或者太少-5%-10%的未分丝。当焦炭类聚合物含量为最佳时,例如,在环氧-脂肪族组合物中,未分离的丝的石墨化丝束片断(碎片)(5,000-20,000根Φ10微米的纤维)的2%-4%(对于脂肪族聚合物的环氧比率等于1∶10)的含量在碳-含碳组合物中相当于(等于)至少20-30%并且其强度达到所述值,这例如在飞行器的制动器中对于支撑组合物效率是必需的。在碳纤维的石墨化期间,被预定浓度的聚合物饱和并以丝缕的形式装入石墨容器中,发生丝的部分控制的结块(例如丝的直径为10微米,丝束中丝的数量可以达到350,000根丝)。在这种情况下,由焦炭类聚合物的数量限定石墨化的结块程度(烧结程度)。在随后的粉碎中,丝缕中的丝束如所述处理,成为碎块,但是并不分离丝,如本领域已知的,但是形成2,000-20,000根丝的丝束片断,预先确定它们在进一步的技术再分配中的保存。丝束中结块丝的数量由选择的聚合物浓度和它们的类型控制。线性磨损(линейного износа)在破碎中小于1微米,具有足够稳定的摩擦系数(参见表)。
在湍流的作用下,其中碳酸气、氮气等可以用作所述试剂,但是因为最便宜和最容易获得而选择空气剂,将由此制备的含碳纤维经受与沥青粉(例如根据GOST 10200-83的煤沥青)的机械混合,在箱体结构(камере формирования)的过滤元件上沉积混合物,压实成块,在块内碳纤维单丝的空间排列是无规的。在低于沥青熔点的温度的情况下,通过锻压至期望的变形而形成半成品。在这种技术再分配中的上述过程的结果中,丝容易被碾碎,同时丝束片断被保存。
由此形成的半成品具有强度,这对于随后的转化是必需的,而不会干扰其结构和过度碾碎碳纤维丝。为了生产摩擦制品,半成品经受加热到超过沥青熔点(160...200℃)的温度,在熟化(例如,对于每个1mm的产品厚度为5分钟)的情况下被压制成期望的尺寸,并经受稳定化热处理(例如碳化或石墨化)用于稳定结构并获得具有所需要的摩擦参数的刚体的性质。
摩擦制品需要的强度及其其他性能属性作为结果获得。
Claims (1)
1.制造摩擦制品的方法,包括:碳纤维的粉碎;碳纤维在湍流中的输送且与沥青粉机械混合;在过滤元件上沉积;压实成块,在块内碳纤维单丝的空间排列是无规的;在低于沥青熔点的温度下通过锻压形成半产品;在温度高于沥青熔点的情况下、在压力和热的同时作用下处理半产品形成最终产品;且最终产品经过稳定化热处理,其特征在于,粉碎之前的碳纤维以连续丝束的形式被焦炭类聚合物所包裹形成丝缕并且在2850-3250℃的温度下被石墨化处理使其形成密实的晶体结构,其中经碳化的碳纤维或被氧化的碳纤维被用作碳纤维原料,并且所述焦炭类聚合物为环氧-脂肪族组合物、聚乙烯醇、聚丙烯酰胺或酚醛树脂。
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RU2005132646/04A RU2294942C1 (ru) | 2005-10-24 | 2005-10-24 | Способ изготовления фрикционного изделия |
PCT/RU2006/000555 WO2007049991A2 (fr) | 2005-10-24 | 2006-10-24 | Procede de fabrication d'un dispositif de frottement |
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CN102350498B (zh) * | 2011-09-22 | 2013-04-03 | 山东金麒麟股份有限公司 | 一种c/c复合材料刹车片及其制备方法 |
RU2510387C1 (ru) * | 2012-11-22 | 2014-03-27 | Открытое акционерное общество "Авиационная корпорация "Рубин" (ОАО "АК "Рубин") | Способ получения фрикционного композиционного углерод-углеродного материала и материал |
CN107474798A (zh) * | 2017-08-17 | 2017-12-15 | 苏州曼里尼斯金属科技有限公司 | 一种用废旧刹车片制备摩擦材料的方法 |
Citations (4)
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US4256801A (en) * | 1979-12-14 | 1981-03-17 | Raybestos-Manhattan, Incorporated | Carbon fiber/flame-resistant organic fiber sheet as a friction material |
SU952887A1 (ru) * | 1977-06-06 | 1982-08-23 | Предприятие П/Я М-5409 | Способ получени углеродного фрикционного издели |
RU2194057C2 (ru) * | 2001-02-12 | 2002-12-10 | Общество с ограниченной ответственностью "Термар" | Способ изготовления фрикционного изделия |
CN1580100A (zh) * | 2004-05-14 | 2005-02-16 | 武汉理工大学 | 汽车钢制同步器齿环碳纤维摩擦材料及用法 |
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RU2002763C1 (ru) * | 1991-08-15 | 1993-11-15 | Государственный научно-исследовательский институт конструкционных материалов на основе графита | Способ получени фрикционных изделий из углерод-углеродных материалов |
RU2199553C1 (ru) * | 2001-07-04 | 2003-02-27 | Закрытое акционерное общество Научно-производственный центр "Ланта-Карбон" | Фрикционное изделие и способ его изготовления |
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Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
SU952887A1 (ru) * | 1977-06-06 | 1982-08-23 | Предприятие П/Я М-5409 | Способ получени углеродного фрикционного издели |
US4256801A (en) * | 1979-12-14 | 1981-03-17 | Raybestos-Manhattan, Incorporated | Carbon fiber/flame-resistant organic fiber sheet as a friction material |
RU2194057C2 (ru) * | 2001-02-12 | 2002-12-10 | Общество с ограниченной ответственностью "Термар" | Способ изготовления фрикционного изделия |
CN1580100A (zh) * | 2004-05-14 | 2005-02-16 | 武汉理工大学 | 汽车钢制同步器齿环碳纤维摩擦材料及用法 |
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CN101297014A (zh) | 2008-10-29 |
WO2007049991A3 (fr) | 2007-06-21 |
RU2294942C1 (ru) | 2007-03-10 |
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