CN101278110A - 用于排气后处理系统的诊断方法 - Google Patents

用于排气后处理系统的诊断方法 Download PDF

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CN101278110A
CN101278110A CNA200580051738XA CN200580051738A CN101278110A CN 101278110 A CN101278110 A CN 101278110A CN A200580051738X A CNA200580051738X A CN A200580051738XA CN 200580051738 A CN200580051738 A CN 200580051738A CN 101278110 A CN101278110 A CN 101278110A
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mass flow
scr
nox sensor
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CN100587235C (zh
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奥韦·约斯伯格
亨里克·斯文宁施托普
夏洛特·霍姆格伦
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Volvo Truck Corp
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    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01NGAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N11/00Monitoring or diagnostic devices for exhaust-gas treatment apparatus, e.g. for catalytic activity
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01NGAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N13/00Exhaust or silencing apparatus characterised by constructional features ; Exhaust or silencing apparatus, or parts thereof, having pertinent characteristics not provided for in, or of interest apart from, groups F01N1/00 - F01N5/00, F01N9/00, F01N11/00
    • F01N13/009Exhaust or silencing apparatus characterised by constructional features ; Exhaust or silencing apparatus, or parts thereof, having pertinent characteristics not provided for in, or of interest apart from, groups F01N1/00 - F01N5/00, F01N9/00, F01N11/00 having two or more separate purifying devices arranged in series
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01NGAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N3/00Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
    • F01N3/08Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous
    • F01N3/10Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust
    • F01N3/18Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by methods of operation; Control
    • F01N3/20Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by methods of operation; Control specially adapted for catalytic conversion ; Methods of operation or control of catalytic converters
    • F01N3/2066Selective catalytic reduction [SCR]
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02DCONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F02D41/00Electrical control of supply of combustible mixture or its constituents
    • F02D41/02Circuit arrangements for generating control signals
    • F02D41/14Introducing closed-loop corrections
    • F02D41/1438Introducing closed-loop corrections using means for determining characteristics of the combustion gases; Sensors therefor
    • F02D41/1444Introducing closed-loop corrections using means for determining characteristics of the combustion gases; Sensors therefor characterised by the characteristics of the combustion gases
    • F02D41/146Introducing closed-loop corrections using means for determining characteristics of the combustion gases; Sensors therefor characterised by the characteristics of the combustion gases the characteristics being an NOx content or concentration
    • F02D41/1463Introducing closed-loop corrections using means for determining characteristics of the combustion gases; Sensors therefor characterised by the characteristics of the combustion gases the characteristics being an NOx content or concentration of the exhaust gases downstream of exhaust gas treatment apparatus
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01NGAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N2550/00Monitoring or diagnosing the deterioration of exhaust systems
    • F01N2550/05Systems for adding substances into exhaust
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01NGAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N2560/00Exhaust systems with means for detecting or measuring exhaust gas components or characteristics
    • F01N2560/02Exhaust systems with means for detecting or measuring exhaust gas components or characteristics the means being an exhaust gas sensor
    • F01N2560/026Exhaust systems with means for detecting or measuring exhaust gas components or characteristics the means being an exhaust gas sensor for measuring or detecting NOx
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01NGAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N2610/00Adding substances to exhaust gases
    • F01N2610/02Adding substances to exhaust gases the substance being ammonia or urea
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02DCONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F02D41/00Electrical control of supply of combustible mixture or its constituents
    • F02D41/22Safety or indicating devices for abnormal conditions
    • F02D41/222Safety or indicating devices for abnormal conditions relating to the failure of sensors or parameter detection devices
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02TCLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/10Internal combustion engine [ICE] based vehicles
    • Y02T10/12Improving ICE efficiencies
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02TCLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/10Internal combustion engine [ICE] based vehicles
    • Y02T10/40Engine management systems

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Toxicology (AREA)
  • Exhaust Gas After Treatment (AREA)

Abstract

一种用于检测内燃机的选择性催化还原(SCR)排气后处理系统故障的诊断方法。该方法测量并记录用于液态还原剂正常质量流量的第一平均NOx传感器值,然后测量和记录与较高质量流量水平相关的第二平均NOx传感器值。比较这两个记录的NOx传感器值并判断,第一值高于第二值或者还是第一值低于第二值。可以在配给系统或SCR还原剂中发现故障原因。

Description

用于排气后处理系统的诊断方法
技术领域
本发明涉及用于检测选择性催化还原(SCR)后处理系统的故障的诊断方法的领域,该后处理系统用于根据权利要求1前序部分描述的内燃机排气通道中的NOx的还原。
背景技术
配备有柴油机或者其它贫燃发动机的车辆具有提高的燃油经济性的优点,但是由于排气中高含量的氧,所以需要控制这种发动机中氧化氮(NOx)的排放。关于这点,选择性催化还原(SCR)催化剂是已知的,以实现NOx的高效转化,在选择性催化还原(SCR)中,通过将还原剂例如尿素主动注入到进入催化剂中的排气混合物中而连续地去除NOx。
典型的贫燃排气后处理系统在US6928806中介绍,其包括用于通过注入还原剂来转化发动机排气混合物中NOx的SCR催化剂。SCR上游和下游的NOx传感器在进入和离开SCR催化剂的排气通道中联接。这些传感器的输出由控制器12读取,并且可以用来确定SCR的NOx转化效率。
上述后处理系统能够检测NOx转化系统的故障,但是,故障原因可能发现是在尿素配给系统或者SCR催化剂中。例如,尿素配给系统可能堵塞,或者SCR催化剂可能失活。
因此,存在对用于诊断SCR催化剂系统的诊断工具的需要,以便于维护和维修。
发明内容
本发明的目的是提供一种能够准确地诊断故障原因的诊断方法。
本发明的方面在于一种用于检测用于还原内燃机排气通道中的NOx的选择性催化还原(SCR)后处理系统故障的诊断方法,该SCR系统包括向催化剂反应器上游的排气注入液态还原剂的配给系统和用于监测SCR反应器下游的排气中NOx排放的下游侧NOx传感器,该诊断方法包括如下步骤:将发动机转矩范围和速度范围设定到预定范围并将液态试剂的质量流量调节到用于该范围的正常水平;测量并记录用于所述质量流量水平的第一平均NOx传感器值,从而将液态试剂质量流量增加到比用于所述范围的正常水平高的水平;测量并记录与所述较高质量流量水平相关的另一个第二平均NOx传感器值;以及比较这两个记录的NOx传感器值并判断是第一值高于第二值,还是第一值低于第二值。
参考附图,将通过下面的描述理解本发明的其它目的和特征。
附图说明
下面将参考附图中所示实施例来更详细地描述本发明,在附图中:
图1概略地示出了具有应用本发明的后处理系统的内燃机;以及
图2是示出了根据本发明的故障诊断的流程图。
具体实施方式
图1示出了用于内燃机10的排气后处理系统的大体构造,该排气后处理系统包括第一排气管部分11,第一排气管部分11将排气从发动机引向尿素基选择性催化还原(SCR)催化剂12。发动机可以是例如用于重型车辆的柴油机。SCR催化剂通过第二排气管部分14连接到净化催化剂反应器13。第三排气管部分15将排气从反应器13引向大气。
SCR催化剂优选为基底金属/沸石配方。还原剂例如尿素水溶液存储在存储容器中(未示出),并输送到联接于SCR催化剂12上游的管部分11的还原剂输送系统16。还原剂由泵通过控制阀和注射器来计量输出,泵和阀都由控制器17控制,优选由微处理器控制。NOx传感器18联接到净化催化剂13下游的管部分15。还原剂的计量基于输入数据,例如发动机转矩负载、发动机转速和来自NOx传感器18的输出。
如果后处理系统发生故障,即记录的尾管NOx水平超过预期极限,则需要确定系统中哪个部件正在发生故障。首先,应当检查溶液中存在尿素并且NOx传感器没有发生故障。
如果已经确定存在尿素且NOx传感器是可靠的,则故障只能来源于催化剂失活或者尿素配给系统堵塞(或者很可能两者同时发生)。在这种情况下本发明的诊断方法是有用的。隔离故障部件对于维护和维修具有很大价值。还有可能的是,将来车载诊断的法规会要求隔离故障部件。
下面参考图2的流程图来解释根据本发明的还原系统诊断细节。
情况是SCR系统下游的NOx传感器18已经指示尾管NOx增加了。在诊断之前还已经确定出:在配给系统配给的溶液中存在尿素并且NOx传感器正在指示正确值。
所建议方法的目的是确定是否由于催化剂失活或者尿素配给系统堵塞而注入尿素过少而导致尾管NOx过高。该方法提供正确结果的先决条件在于控制尿素的质量流量,使得产生的尾管NOx是下面两者中最小的:
a)所预期的尾管NOx浓度
b)相对于当前催化剂活性的最小尾管NOx浓度
在步骤S1和S2中,设定对发动机转矩和发动机转速的要求。载荷点范围很可能受到限制,其次更重要的是,在进行诊断期间载荷点必须大致相同。这是因为该方法使用NOx传感器值,如果发动机输出NOx浓度在诊断期间变化很大,这会掩盖将被检测出的变化。(因此,如果偏离初始载荷点过大,则必须中断进程并在新的载荷点重新开始等。)
在步骤S3中,将尿素质量流量保持在由尿素控制系统确定的正常值。测量催化剂下游的平均NOx传感器值。这里这个值被称作“NOx浓度_正常尿素”
在步骤S4中,尿素质量流量增加,使其略高于当前载荷点的正常值,并且测量平均NOx传感器值。该值被称作“NOx浓度_增加尿素”。
现在,在步骤S5中比较两个NOx传感器信号。两个结果定义为:
A)NOx浓度_正常尿素≥NOx浓度_增加尿素→尿素配给系统堵塞
B)NOx浓度_正常尿素<NOx浓度_增加尿素→SCR催化剂失活
当步骤S5为真时,根据步骤S8,尿素配给系统堵塞并且尿素配给不足。然后,增加尿素配给将增加催化剂中NOx的转化,或者可能堵塞很严重,以致增加配给根本不能导致喷射出更多的尿素。这两种情况都被A包括。
Figure A20058005173800071
当步骤S5不为真时,根据步骤S7,催化剂出现故障,所以增加尿素的质量流量将不增加NOx的转化,因为催化剂已经在最大容量下工作。相反,NOx传感器将检测出过量的NH3作为增加的NOx浓度。这是由于NOx传感器对NH3交叉敏感(cross sensitive)。此外,SCR催化剂下游的净化催化剂可将NH3在到达NOx传感器18之前氧化成NOx。
或者使用从NOx传感器浓度计算出的变量来代替NOx浓度(例如NOx转化量)。
该方法的一个优点在于比较两个测量值的相对大小。因此不依赖于任何绝对值。
本发明不应被认为局限于上述所示实施例,在下面专利权利要求的范围内可以作出大量变型和修改。例如,图1的后处理系统可以包括颗粒过滤器。

Claims (5)

1.一种用于检测选择性催化还原(SCR)后处理系统故障的诊断方法,该后处理系统用于内燃机(10)的排气通道(14)中的NOx的还原,该SCR系统包括向催化剂反应器(12)上游的排气注入液态还原剂的配给系统(16)和用于监测SCR反应器下游的排气中NOx排放的下游侧NOx传感器(18),该诊断方法包括:
其特征在于如下步骤
将发动机转矩范围和速度范围设定到预定范围并将液态试剂质量流量调节到用于该范围的正常水平,
测量并记录用于所述质量流量水平的平均NOx传感器值,
将所述液态试剂质量流量增加到比用于所述范围的正常水平高的水平,
测量并记录与所述较高质量流量水平相关的另一平均NOx传感器值,
比较这两个记录的NOx传感器值并判断用于正常质量流量的值高于用于增加的质量流量的值,还是用于正常质量流量的值低于用于增加的质量流量的值。
2.根据权利要求1的方法,
其特征在于控制所述用于正常质量流量的值是否等于所述用于增加的质量流量的值的附加步骤。
3.根据权利要求1或2的方法,
其特征在于控制所注入的液态试剂为正确类型的附加步骤。
4.根据权利要求1至3任一项的方法,
其特征在于控制所述NOx传感器的功能的附加步骤。
5.根据权利要求1至4的任一项的方法,
其中净化催化剂(13)在所述后处理系统中位于所述SCR催化剂(12)和所述NOx传感器(18)之间。
CN200580051738A 2005-09-29 2005-09-29 用于排气后处理系统的诊断方法 Expired - Fee Related CN100587235C (zh)

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CN101988422A (zh) * 2009-07-30 2011-03-23 通用汽车环球科技运作公司 用于对scr催化剂的工作进行检验的方法和系统
CN101988421A (zh) * 2009-07-30 2011-03-23 福特环球技术公司 用于诊断具有多于一个scr区的排放系统的方法和系统
CN102213131A (zh) * 2010-04-05 2011-10-12 博世株式会社 排气净化系统的异常诊断装置及方法以及排气净化系统
CN102317586A (zh) * 2009-02-05 2012-01-11 德尔福技术控股有限公司 氧化催化剂的车载诊断
CN102713180A (zh) * 2009-12-18 2012-10-03 沃尔沃拉斯特瓦格纳公司 用于对排气后处理装置中的还原剂缓冲器水平进行控制的方法
CN102985168A (zh) * 2010-06-29 2013-03-20 瓦锡兰芬兰有限公司 选择性催化还原的控制方法和装置
CN103038474A (zh) * 2010-06-23 2013-04-10 英瑞杰汽车系统研究公司 用于监控scr系统的方法
CN103748325A (zh) * 2011-04-05 2014-04-23 卡明斯散发控制技术公司 用于后处理系统监测的系统、方法和设备
CN104074581A (zh) * 2014-06-11 2014-10-01 安徽华菱汽车有限公司 一种报错方法、装置及系统
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