CN101259844A - 用于起动混合动力车辆中的内燃机的方法和控制装置 - Google Patents

用于起动混合动力车辆中的内燃机的方法和控制装置 Download PDF

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Publication number
CN101259844A
CN101259844A CNA2008100834046A CN200810083404A CN101259844A CN 101259844 A CN101259844 A CN 101259844A CN A2008100834046 A CNA2008100834046 A CN A2008100834046A CN 200810083404 A CN200810083404 A CN 200810083404A CN 101259844 A CN101259844 A CN 101259844A
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carry
drive motor
moment
combustion engine
over moment
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A·西尔
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Robert Bosch GmbH
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Robert Bosch GmbH
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    • B60L58/10—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries
    • B60L58/12—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries responding to state of charge [SoC]
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Abstract

本发明涉及一种方法，该方法在由仅仅用驱动马达(3)进行运行过渡至混合运行模式时用于补偿在调节的驱动马达(3)尤其是电动机与内燃机(2)之间的离合器的传递力矩，其中在混合运行模式中，总力矩由驱动马达(3)和内燃机(2)共同提供，其中驱动马达(3)的转速借助于调节参量控制；其中为了执行过渡，内燃机(2)通过经由具有可控制的传递力矩的比例离合器与驱动马达(3)联接而被牵引，其中根据传递力矩执行驱动马达(3)的转速的控制，通过该传递力矩驱动马达(3)与内燃机(2)联接。

Description

用于起动混合动力车辆中的内燃机的方法和控制装置
技术领域
本发明涉及在起动混合动力车辆中的内燃机时用于控制离合器实际力矩的一种方法和一种控制装置。
背景技术
在混合动力车辆中，在由纯粹的电运行模式过渡至混合运行模式时必须首先起动内燃机，该混合动力车辆不仅可以仅通过电动机驱动，而且在混合运行模式中可以附加地利用内燃机来驱动车辆。通常这种混合动力车辆设有混合离合器，该混合离合器使电动机的输出轴与内燃机的输出轴联接。混合离合器通常以摩擦保险离合器的形式构成或者构成为比例离合器。比例离合器是这样一种离合器，该离合器与纯粹的开关式的离合器相反地可以例如按适合的调节参量调节期望的传递力矩。
在此为了牵引内燃机，在电行驶期间激活混合离合器，使得相应的确定的传递转矩传递到内燃机上并且起动内燃机。直至完全地自动地运行内燃机前，对于一定的时间间隔在静止的或者起动的内燃机与用确定的转速旋转的电动机之间的混合离合器上出现打滑。
在转速调节的电动机中，在由纯粹的电运行模式过渡至混合运行模式时传递用于起动内燃机的转矩作为传递力矩。通过混合离合器由内燃机承接的力矩在此干扰转速调节，从而导致与额定转速的明显的调节偏差，也就是说导致实际转速的下降。车辆驾驶员把这感觉为强烈的冲击。
发明内容
因此本发明的目的是，在混合动力车辆中使得由纯粹的电运行模式过渡至混合运行模式变得更舒适，并且尤其在起动内燃机时降低对驱动线路中总转矩的干扰。
该目的通过按权利要求1的方法以及通过按并列权利要求的装置解决。
本发明其它的有利的设计在从属权利要求中描述。
按第一方面设置一种方法，该方法在由仅仅用驱动马达进行运行过渡至混合运行模式时用于补偿在调节的驱动马达尤其是电动机与内燃机之间的比例离合器的传递力矩。在混合运行模式中，总力矩由驱动马达和内燃机共同提供。驱动马达的转速借助于调节参量控制。为了执行过渡，内燃机通过经由具有可控制的传递力矩的比例离合器与驱动马达联接而被牵引。根据传递力矩执行驱动马达的转速的控制，通过该传递力矩驱动马达与内燃机联接。
上述方法具有这样的优点，即在混合动力车辆中在例如由纯粹的电运行模式过渡至混合运行模式时可以执行内燃机的起动，而不会由于要被牵引的内燃机的负载在驱动马达上导致干扰性的转速干扰。用于补偿在过渡时产生的转速干扰的转速调节装置仅仅以相应的调节滞后实现，使得尽管有调节也可感觉到转矩波动。建议的方法相应于由内燃机需要的传递力矩提高了优选直接触发驱动马达的调节参量，使得传递转矩的调用和由驱动马达提供的转矩的相应的提高基本上同时实现。
另外可以设定，调节驱动马达的转速，以便将实际转速调节到额定转速；其中调节参量用关于传递力矩的给定值加载，以便得到修正的调节参量。
按另一实施方式，调节参量相应于调节力矩，其中调节力矩提高了传递力矩的给定值，以便得到用于触发驱动马达的修正的调节力矩作为修正的调节参量。
另外可以测量或者估计传递力矩。
按另一方面设置一种装置，该装置在过渡至混合运行模式时用于补偿在调节的驱动马达尤其是电动机与内燃机之间的传递力矩，其中起动内燃机。该装置包括：转速控制装置，以便按调节参量控制驱动马达的转速；以及离合器，以便在过渡时使内燃机联接到驱动马达上，使得内燃机用确定的传递力矩牵引。设置传递力矩提供装置，以便提供传递力矩的给定值，其中构成转速控制装置，以便根据传递力矩执行驱动马达的转速的控制。
另外转速控制装置包括在调节驱动马达的转速的转速调节装置内，以便将实际转速调节到额定转速，其中转速调节装置的调节参量用关于传递力矩的给定值加载，以便得到修正的调节参量。
按另一实施方式，调节参量可以相应于调节力矩，其中设置加法单元，以便将调节力矩提高传递力矩的给定值，使得获得用于触发驱动马达的修正的调节力矩作为修正的调节参量。
另外可以设置传递力矩提供单元，以便测量或估计通过离合器传递的传递力矩。
优选地设置混合运行控制电路，以便按离合器调节参量触发离合器，其中提供离合器调节参量作为传递力矩的给定值。
附图说明
下面借助于附图详细解释本发明的优选的实施方式。
唯一的附图示出了用于混合动力车辆的驱动系统。
具体实施方式
唯一附图示出了混合动力车辆的驱动系统1，该驱动系统1包括一个内燃机2和一个电动机3，它们分别设置用于驱动车辆。根据实施方式的不同情况，车辆可以在纯粹的电运行模式中运动，即仅通过电动机3驱动，和/或在内燃机运行模式中运动，即仅通过内燃机驱动，和/或在混合运行模式中运动，具体方法是驱动转矩由内燃机和电动机共同提供。
在混合动力车辆中，通常在调用小的驱动功率时优选纯粹的电运行模式，并且例如在需要较高的驱动功率时或者在电源容量较小时接通内燃机2，以便车辆在混合运行模式中运动，也就说驱动转矩由电动机3和内燃机2提供。在由纯粹的电运行模式过渡到混动运行模式的情况下，内燃机2必须由静止状态开始起动。这通过混合离合器4进行，通过该混合离合器，电动机3和内燃机2的输出轴可以彼此联接。
混合离合器4优选构成为所谓的比例离合器，该比例离合器尽管有转速差仍可以在电动机3和内燃机2的输出轴之间调节确定的可调节的传递转矩。一种这样的比例离合器例如构成为所谓的摩擦离合器、摩擦保险离合器或者滑动离合器，其中通过在两个离合器工作面之间的压紧力可以控制或调节传递力矩。
激活混合离合器4以用于起动内燃机2通过混合运行控制电路5进行，在该混合运行控制电路5中，根据运行参量例如驾驶员期望力矩M额定、电源容量(驱动电池的容量)等确定是否应该接通内燃机2。如果起动内燃机2，那么混合离合器4按离合器调节参量进行触发，以便在驱动马达3与内燃机2之间传递用于牵引内燃机2的传递力矩。
在激活混合离合器4时，从电动机3的输出轴取出用于起动内燃机2的转矩，该转矩不提供用于驱动车辆。这在没有其它的对策的情况下导致对由电动机3提供的转速的干扰或者驱动转矩的干扰，这对于驾驶员来说可感觉到车辆的冲击。
在纯粹的电运行模式中，电动机3借助于转速调节装置6相应于额定转速ω额定进行调节。为此转速调节装置6通过转速传感器7得到反馈，它给出电动机3的输出轴的当前的实际转速ω实际。无传感器的转速调节装置也是可以的。
转速调节装置6按传统的并且本身已知的调节方法通过在电动机3上提供调节参量将实际转速ω实际调节到额定转速ω额定。在过渡至混合运行模式时，混合离合器4比较快速地由电动机3的驱动轴截取转矩，其中因此导致的突然的转矩改变造成转速改变，该转速改变由于调节滞后不能立刻通过转速调节装置6进行补偿。
作为调节参量，转速调节装置将调节力矩M调节提供给电动机3，该调节力矩是电动机3的给定值，该给定值导致在电动机3的输出轴上的实际转矩。为调节力矩M调节加上传递力矩M传递的给定值，以便得到修正的调节力矩M修正。
传递力矩M传递相应于这样的转矩，该转矩由混合离合器4提供并且相应于在内燃机2与电动机3之间的当前的传递力矩。通过传递力矩M传递在转速调节装置6之后加给调节力矩M调节，存在这样的优点，即在过渡至混合运行模式时不产生调节滞后，而驱动轴的实际转速ω实 际又被调节到额定转速ω额定。
通过将传递力矩M传递加到调节力矩M调节上，通过混合离合器4附加地从电动机3截取的传递力矩在没有时间滞后的情况下提供给电动机3，使得在过渡至混合运行模式时基本上没有对电动机3的驱动轴的转速产生干扰。
混合离合器4或者借助于传递力矩的具体的测量值或者借助于混合离合器的通过在离合器盘之间的压紧力估计的传递力矩提供关于传递力矩M传递的给定值。然后为了调节期望的传递力矩M传递，可以相应地调节在滑动离合器的两个离合器盘之间的压紧力。压紧力与传递力矩M传递成比例并且因此也可以用作为传递力矩M传递的给定值。另外传递力矩M传递也可以通过离合盘的位置识别执行。一般混合离合器4应该这样构成，使得传递力矩可以估计或者测量并且提供给加法元件8作为传递力矩M传递的给定值，其中它加给由转速调节装置提供的调节力矩M调节，以便得到修正的调节力矩M修正。
取代测量值或者借助于在混合离合器4中测量的参量导出的估计值，传递力矩的给定值也可以相应于离合器调节参量，该离合器调节参量由混合离合器4的混合运行控制电路5提供，以便调节相应的传递力矩。
如果混合离合器4完全打开，也就是说在驱动马达3与内燃机2之间没有传递任何传递力矩，那么建议的装置和方法不影响转速调节装置，并且在没有损害的情况下可以执行驱动马达3的转速调节。

Claims (10)

1.在由仅仅用驱动马达(3)进行运行过渡至混合运行模式时用于补偿在调节的驱动马达(3)尤其是电动机与内燃机(2)之间的离合器的传递力矩的方法，其中在混合运行模式中，总力矩由驱动马达(3)和内燃机(2)共同提供，其中驱动马达(3)的转速借助于调节参量控制；其中为了执行过渡，内燃机(2)通过经由具有可控制的传递力矩(M传递)的比例离合器与驱动马达(3)联接而被牵引，其特征在于：所述驱动马达(3)的转速的控制根据传递力矩(M传递)执行，通过该传递力矩，驱动马达(3)与内燃机(2)联接。
2.按权利要求1所述的方法，其特征在于：调节所述驱动马达(3)的转速，以便将实际转速调节到额定转速；其中调节参量用关于传递力矩的给定值加载，以便得到修正的调节参量。
3.按权利要求2所述的方法，其特征在于：所述调节参量相应于调节力矩(M调节)，其中调节力矩提高了传递力矩(M传递)的给定值，以便得到用于触发驱动马达(3)的修正的调节力矩(M修正)作为修正的调节参量。
4.按权利要求1至3中任一项所述的方法，其特征在于：测量或者估计所述传递力矩(M传递)。
5.按权利要求1至3中任一项所述的方法，其特征在于：所述传递力矩(M传递)的给定值由离合器调节参量求出，该离合器调节参量提供给离合器用于调节传递力矩(M传递)。
6.在过渡至混合运行模式时用于补偿在调节的驱动马达(3)尤其是电动机与内燃机(2)之间的传递力矩的装置，其中起动内燃机(2)，该装置包括：转速控制装置，以便按调节参量控制驱动马达(3)的转速；离合器(4)，以便在过渡时使内燃机(2)联接到驱动马达(3)上，使得内燃机(2)用确定的传递力矩(M传递)牵引，其特征在于：设置传递力矩提供装置，以便提供传递力矩的给定值，其中构成转速控制装置，以便根据传递力矩(M传递)执行驱动马达(3)转速的控制。
7.按权利要求6所述的装置，其特征在于：所述转速控制装置包括在转速调节装置(6)内，该转速调节装置调节驱动马达(3)的转速，以便将实际转速调节到额定转速；其中转速调节装置(6)的调节参量用关于传递力矩(M传递)的给定值加载，以便得到修正的调节参量。
8.按权利要求7所述的装置，其特征在于：所述调节参量相应于调节力矩，其中设置加法单元，以便将调节力矩(M调节)提高传递力矩(M传递)的给定值，使得获得用于触发驱动马达(3)的修正的调节力矩(M调节)作为修正的调节参量。
9.按权利要求6至8中任一项所述的装置，其特征在于：设置传递力矩提供单元，以便测量或估计通过离合器传递的传递力矩(M传递)。
10.按权利要求6至8中任一项所述的装置，其特征在于：设置混合运行控制电路(5)，以便按离合器调节参量触发离合器(4)，其中提供离合器调节参量作为传递力矩(M传递)的给定值。
CNA2008100834046A 2007-03-06 2008-03-05 用于起动混合动力车辆中的内燃机的方法和控制装置 Pending CN101259844A (zh)

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CN102458948A (zh) * 2009-06-17 2012-05-16 罗伯特·博世有限公司 混合动力车辆中确定内燃机启动阶段开始的方法和装置
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CN102765382B (zh) * 2011-05-04 2017-04-12 罗伯特·博世有限公司 混合动力装置的内燃机启动方法和启动内燃机的控制单元
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CN109204295B (zh) * 2017-06-30 2021-07-20 比亚迪股份有限公司 混合动力车辆及其发动机启动控制方法和系统
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CN112576647B (zh) * 2019-09-27 2022-09-09 大众汽车股份公司 用于控制分离离合器的方法

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EP2144800A2 (de) 2010-01-20
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