CN101522497B - 用于运行具有变矩器的混合驱动装置的方法 - Google Patents

用于运行具有变矩器的混合驱动装置的方法 Download PDF

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CN101522497B
CN101522497B CN200780037954.8A CN200780037954A CN101522497B CN 101522497 B CN101522497 B CN 101522497B CN 200780037954 A CN200780037954 A CN 200780037954A CN 101522497 B CN101522497 B CN 101522497B
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rotating speed
combustion engine
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CN101522497A (zh
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A·西尔
R·申克
O·凯弗
T·朱恩曼
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Robert Bosch GmbH
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B60W20/00—Control systems specially adapted for hybrid vehicles
    • B60W20/40—Controlling the engagement or disengagement of prime movers, e.g. for transition between prime movers
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B60W—CONJOINT CONTROL OF VEHICLE SUB-UNITS OF DIFFERENT TYPE OR DIFFERENT FUNCTION; CONTROL SYSTEMS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR HYBRID VEHICLES; ROAD VEHICLE DRIVE CONTROL SYSTEMS FOR PURPOSES NOT RELATED TO THE CONTROL OF A PARTICULAR SUB-UNIT
    • B60W20/00—Control systems specially adapted for hybrid vehicles
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16H—GEARING
    • F16H59/00—Control inputs to control units of change-speed-, or reversing-gearings for conveying rotary motion
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
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    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/22—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs
    • B60K6/26—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs characterised by the motors or the generators
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Abstract

用于运行尤其汽车的具有至少一台电机(3)和内燃机(2)的混合驱动装置的方法，其中在所述电机和内燃机之间设置了分离离合器(5)并且在所述电机和混合驱动-输出装置之间设置了具有涡轮的变矩器(16)，其中为起动所述内燃机使所述分离离合器闭合。在此规定，依赖于所述变矩器的涡轮(11)的转速来为所述电机预先给定转速(18)，从而在所述内燃机的起动过程中在所述混合驱动-输出装置上不出现扭矩突变。

Description

用于运行具有变矩器的混合驱动装置的方法
技术领域
本发明涉及一种用于运行尤其汽车的具有至少一台电机和内燃机的混合驱动装置的方法，其中在所述电机和内燃机之间设置了分离离合器并且在所述电机和混合驱动-输出装置之间设置了具有涡轮的变矩器，其中为起动所述内燃机使所述分离离合器闭合。
背景技术
混合驱动装置的开头所说明的配置允许用所述电机进行纯粹的电行驶，其中断开所述分离离合器，并且由此所述内燃机没有与所述混合驱动装置的其余传动系进行作用连接。在这种状态中，优选关闭所述内燃机，用于节省燃料。因为该内燃机没有与其余的传动系进行作用连接，所以它就没有传递(负的)必须通过所述电机进行补偿的牵引力矩。
在功率需求更高时并且/或者随着属于所述电机的电池的放电的增加，必须起动所述内燃机。在具有启动器或者说启动机的内燃机上，将所述启动器或者说启动机用于起动。在没有启动器的内燃机上，通过在行驶运行中所述分离离合器的闭合来起动所述内燃机，其中将所述分离离合器控制到指定的滑转力矩上。利用该滑转力矩来使所述内燃机加速，直至其达到与所述电机相同的转速，其中所述附加的力矩必须由所述电机来提供，以便在所述混合驱动-输出装置上的驱动扭矩不发生变化。因为无法精确地求得所述分离离合器的实际的滑转力矩，所以不可能简单地用相应的附加的力矩来触发所述电机。相反，所述电机的转速能够良好地测量并且也能够进行动态调节，因而在起动过程中调节转速。
从现有技术中公开了一种方法，在该方法中所述电机的转速在所述内燃机的起动过程的开始作为用于整个起动过程的额定值确定。在这种情况下缺点是，在汽车同时加速或减速时所述变矩器的所产生的转差率发生变化。这比如能够在同时换档时进行，使得所述变矩器的滑转方向改变并且由此扭矩倒转，这导致能够明显感觉到的冲击。
除此以外，公开了一种方法，在该方法中在起动过程之前从转速曲线中外推出转速变化。但是因为不知道行驶路线比如上坡或者下坡，所以不能可靠地预测结果。
发明内容
按本发明，依赖于所述变矩器的涡轮的转速为所述电机预先给定所述的转速，从而在所述内燃机的起动过程中在所述混合驱动-输出装置上不出现扭矩突变。所述涡轮的转速相当于在所述变矩器的输出端上或者说输出轴上存在的转速，并且由此等于连接在所述变矩器后面的变速器的变速器输入转速。如果知道所述涡轮的转速，那就可以通过所述电机的转速的调节在液力变矩器中调节出所期望的转差率，该转差率是被传递的扭矩的函数。依赖于所述涡轮的转速来调节所述电机的转速，其中所述电机的转速相当于对所述涡轮进行驱动的泵轮的转速，由此能够在所述内燃机起动时防止扭矩突变或者说保证恒定的扭矩。
有利的是，所述电机的转速通过所述涡轮的转速与额定-异步转速相加来确定。所述异步转速在此相当于所述涡轮的转速和所述电机的转速的Δ值。如前所述，所述异步转速与所述液力变矩器的所传递的扭矩成比例。将确定有待传递的扭矩的额定异步转速加到所述涡轮的转速上，由此确定所述电机的转速。因为当前的变速器输入转速也就是所述涡轮的转速用作确定所述电机的转速的基础，所以所述方法不依赖于在所述内燃机的起动过程中的行驶速度变化和/或换档。
有利的是，依赖于所述涡轮的转速和混合驱动-输出装置-额定扭矩来求得额定-异步转速，从而可以调节有待由所述变矩器传递的扭矩。
有利的是，从比如保存在所述混合驱动装置的控制单元中的组合特性曲线中获知所述额定-异步转速。可以以本领域的技术人员所公知的方式方法来计算所述组合特性曲线。
根据本发明的一种改进方案，依赖于驾驶员-驱动期望力矩预先给定所述电机的转速，从而也使所述异步转速持久地与所述驾驶员-驱动期望力矩相匹配，从而避免这样的感觉，即所述混合驱动装置在所述内燃机的起动过程中可能与加速踏板脱耦。
本发明的一种另外的优选的实施方式的特征在于，依赖于所述混合驱动装置的工作状态来限制所述额定-异步转速。因此，比如对一种实现舒适行驶的工作状态来说，有利的是，比如在驾驶员将脚从加速踏板上挪开时没有出现突然的扭矩变化。
特别优选为限制所述额定-异步转速使用过零整型器(Nulldurchgangsformer)。该过零整型器依赖于当前的异步转速的绝对值来限制所述异步转速的允许的变化速度。在此，随着异步转速不断减小而允许变得越来越小的变化。由此实现这一点，即在扭矩的符号变换时缓慢地进行过零并且没有不利地激发所述混合驱动装置的传动系。
根据本发明的一种改进方案，为所述起动过程断开所述变矩器的跨接离合器。所述跨接离合器在闭合的状态中使加载在泵轮上的扭矩直接-摩擦连接地-传递到所述涡轮上，从而不可能在泵轮和涡轮之间出现转差率。对于所述内燃机的起动过程来说，断开所述跨接离合器，以便能够实现转差率并且由此可以使用所述按本发明的方法。
附图说明
下面要借助于两张附图对本发明进行详细解释。其中：
图1是具有分离离合器和液力变矩器的混合驱动装置的示意图，并且
图2是所述按本发明的方法的示意图。
具体实施方式
图1示出了有利的混合驱动装置1的一种实施例的示意图。所述混合驱动装置1具有内燃机2、电机3及自动变速器4，这三者串联布置，其中在所述内燃机2和电机3之间布置了分离离合器5并且在所述电机3和这里代表所述变速器4的驱动装置的混合驱动-输出装置之间布置了变矩器6，在此从该变矩器6中仅仅示出了跨接离合器7。在所述变速器4上，输出轴8通向差速机构9，汽车驱动扭矩从该差速机构9传递到示范性地示出的轮子10上。在纯粹的电行驶运行中，所述分离离合器5断开，从而仅仅所述电机3将驱动力矩施加到传动系1上。为了在行驶运行中起动所述内燃机2，以指定的接合力矩使所述分离离合器5闭合。为了防止在汽车驱动力矩中的扭矩突变，如在图2中示意示出的一样有利地依赖于所述变矩器6的涡轮的转速来预先给定所述电机的转速。有利的是，为所述起动过程断开所述跨接离合器7。
图2示出了所述按本发明的方法的实施例的框图。将图1的变矩器6的涡轮的当前转速11和可以相当于驾驶员-驱动期望力矩的混合驱动-输出装置-额定扭矩12输送给控制单元13，该控制单元13依赖于所述涡轮的转速11来计算用于所述混合驱动-输出装置-额定扭矩12的必要的异步转速。有利的是，为此所必需的数据从保存在所述控制单元13中的组合特性曲线中获得。由此产生的异步转速14是由所述变矩器6传递的驱动额定扭矩的函数，该异步转速14受到过零整型器15的限制，从而在所传递的扭矩的符号变换时缓慢地进行过零并且由此没有激发所述传动系。所述过零整型器在此通过函数有利地限制着所述异步转速的允许的变化速度，所述函数依赖于所述变矩器6的当前转差率的绝对值，其中该函数同样可能依赖于工作状态比如舒适行驶或运动行驶。由此，随着变矩器6的泵轮和涡轮的转差率的减小或者说速度差的减小允许越来越小的变化。如此受限制的额定-异步转速16随后借助于加法器17加到所述涡轮的转速11上，由此获得用于所述电机3的额定转速18。
在此，因此相应地按照与混合驱动-输出装置-额定扭矩12相匹配的方式来控制所述变矩器6的转差率。其中不依赖于汽车的行驶速度的变化和/或变速器4的换档进行触发，因为总是将当前的相当于所述涡轮的转速11的变速器输入转速用作基础。此外，所述转差率也有利地持久地与驾驶员愿望相匹配，从而在所述内燃机2的起动过程中考虑加速踏板上的变化，从而避免所述驱动装置在起动过程中可能与所述加速踏板脱耦这种感觉。有利的是，所述电机3的上面所说明的转速调节仅仅在所述内燃机2的起动过程中起作用。

Claims (7)

1.用于运行具有至少一台电机和内燃机的混合驱动装置的方法，其中，在所述电机和内燃机之间设置了分离离合器并且在所述电机和混合驱动-输出装置之间设置了具有涡轮的变矩器，其中，为起动所述内燃机使所述分离离合器闭合，其特征在于，依赖于所述变矩器的涡轮的转速来为所述电机预先给定转速，从而在所述内燃机的起动过程中在所述混合驱动-输出装置上不出现扭矩突变，所述电机的转速通过将所述涡轮的转速与所述变矩器的额定-异步转速相加来确定。
2.按权利要求1所述的方法，其特征在于，依赖于所述涡轮的转速和所述混合驱动-输出装置-额定扭矩来求得所述额定-异步转速。
3.按权利要求1所述的方法，其特征在于，依赖于驾驶员-驱动期望力矩来预先给定所述电机的转速。
4.按权利要求1所述的方法，其特征在于，依赖于所述混合驱动装置的工作状态来限制所述额定-异步转速。
5.按权利要求1所述的方法，其特征在于，为限制所述额定-异步转速使用过零整型器。
6.按权利要求1所述的方法，其特征在于，为所述起动过程断开所述变矩器的跨接离合器。
7.按权利要求1所述的方法，其特征在于，所述混合驱动装置用于汽车中。
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