CN101256210A - Three-phase electric energy meter based on NIOS II microprocessor - Google Patents
Three-phase electric energy meter based on NIOS II microprocessor Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention provides a three-phase electric energy gauge based on NIOS II microprocessor, comprising: sensor, output terminal connected with signal conditioning module; signal conditioning module, input terminal connected with output terminal; signal collecting module, input terminal connected with input terminal of signal conditioning module; electric energy measuring SOPC chip connected with the signal collecting module, being the core of the whole electric energy gauge; phase-lock multiple frequency connected with the signal conditioning module and signal collecting module; general asynchronism transceiver for realizing the communication of electric energy gauge and host computer or meter reading system using RS-232 interface mode; LCD display/keyboard module for connecting the electric energy measuring SOPC chip; calendar clock module connected with the electric energy measuring SOPC chip; IIC memorizer connected with the electric energy measuring SOPC chip. The bulk of electric energy gauge is small and the integration lever is high, and the reliability is high, with reconfigurability.
Description
(1) technical field:
A kind of three-phase electric energy meter based on NIOS II microprocessor of the present invention belongs to the technology of instrument and meter field.
(2) background technology:
After upgrading urban and rural power grids in 2003 finished, electric system increased rapidly the demand of three-phase multifunctional table.Thus, the good one after another business opportunity of international, domestic ammeter enterprise is firmly grasped new technology development, constantly releases the new product of three-phase multifunctional table, to satisfy the application demand in electric energy meter market.According to not intact full statistics, it is 19,500 ten thousand that national grid and south electric network have charge electric energy table total amount.Wherein, two nets are 11,800 ten thousand of being used to charge of management directly, 7,700 ten thousand of being used to charge of non-direct management.
The demand of this several years domestic electronic electric energy meters is steadily increasing, causes the reason of market growth to have three: one, and electronic electric energy meter will progressively substitute mechanical power energy meter; The 2nd, the electrical power table function of several years ago installing is simple, has begun at present to update; The 3rd, external in recent years electronic electric energy meter market enlarges to some extent, and domestic enterprise's export volume is increased.
The insider analyzes, and electronic electricity meter will become the leading role in following ammeter market.Have data to show, 1,000,000,000 ammeters (electronic electricity meter and mechanical ammeter summation) have at least been installed in the whole world at present.Following 10 years, Chinese ammeter market may account for 40% of global ammeter market, and this ratio is also constantly soaring.
On the electric energy meter market of China, electronic electric energy meter accounts for 30~40%, and wherein the annual requirement of single-phase electronic energy meter stabilizes to about 2,000 ten thousand, and three phases electronic energy meter has risen to more than 6,000,000.Electronic electric energy meter has advantages such as precision height, function is strong, the life-span is long, and the traditional mechanical watch of residue 60~70% is substituted by electronic electric energy meter just gradually.
At present at home, design specifications single, three-phase electric energy meter also is not very strict.Each electric energy meter manufacturing firm does not all have clear and definite standard in the function design to three-phase electric energy meter, be according to client's requirement basically, and existing CPU, electric energy computation chip and peripheral hardware module are carried out concrete design on the selection market.The design item of different function requirements all needs original design scheme of hardware and software is made corresponding adjustment like this, at every turn.Wherein, may cause very big influence to the product safety reliability, also can give simultaneously to manufacture and design producer and bring more investment and inconvenience the change of hardware scheme.
If whole core circuits that can electric energy meter is required (microprocessor for example, electric energy computation chip, various controller and communication interface etc.) be placed on the same chip, just can significantly dwindle the shared area of total system, also can reduce the signal transmission between peripheral driver interface unit and circuit board simultaneously, accelerate the speed that microprocessor data is handled, embedded circuit can also be avoided the system interference that the signal transmission is caused on the external circuit board.
(3) summary of the invention:
The object of the present invention is to provide a kind of three-phase electric energy meter based on NIOS II microprocessor.This electric energy meter is placed on required whole core circuits (microprocessor, electric energy computation chip, various controller and communication interface etc.) on the same chip, thereby can significantly dwindle the shared area of total system, and the volume of electric energy meter is little, the reliability height.The deviser can make up its hardware configuration, functional characteristics, resource occupation etc. flexibly according to user's request, thereby in the quite short cycle, just can develop target product, rather than follow passively and use that existing MCU carries out on the market " stiff hardware binding and assembly unit " with very low cost.
A kind of three-phase electric energy meter of the present invention based on NIOS II microprocessor, the soft nuclear microprocessor of NIOS II of the release of this electric energy meter employing altera corp is as CPU, programmable system (is SOPC on the employing three-phase electric energy metering sheet, System On Programmable Chip) chip is joined correspondent peripheral circuit outward as metering units.
This three-phase electric energy meter specifically comprises modules such as sensor, signal condition, signals collecting, electric energy metrical SOPC chip, phase locking frequency multiplying, LCD demonstration/keyboard, UART Universal Asynchronous Receiver Transmitter, IIC storer and calendar clock.
Sensor, output terminal is connected with the signal condition module, transfers the three-phase voltage on the line of electric force and three-phase current to small-signal and gives the signal condition module.Three-phase voltage is reduced to small-signal by resistance pressure-dividing network, and three-phase current signal transfers small-signal to by current transformer.
The signal condition module, input end is connected with the sensor output terminal, and this signal condition module specifically comprises: anti-aliasing low-pass filter, reference voltage level and A/D modular converter; The small voltage signal that sensor is sent here is biased on the reference voltage level of A/D modular converter through after the anti-aliasing low-pass filter filtering, for A/D modular converter electric current.
Signal acquisition module, input end links to each other with signal condition module output terminal, gives electric energy metrical SOPC chip after the voltage signal that the signal condition module is sent here transfers digital signal to.
Electric energy metrical SOPC chip is connected with signal acquisition module, is the core of whole electric energy system, mainly comprises the two large divisions: the soft nuclear microprocessor of electric energy metrical and NIOS II; Electric energy metrical is partly finished the electric current and voltage effective value and is calculated, and meritorious/idle/applied power is calculated, and meritorious/idle/as to look electric energy metrical etc., partial function is realized by hardware; The soft nuclear microprocessor of NIOS II is finished the despatching work of whole electric energy, switches as realizing tariff period, and the response serial port command is freezed historical electric quantity data, and the LCD demonstration refreshes functions such as failure logging warning.This electric energy metrical SOPC chip is as an independent invention separate case application.
Phase locking frequency multiplying links to each other with signal acquisition module with the signal condition module, is used to control the sample frequency of A/D modular converter.Because this three-phase electric energy meter has the frequency analysis function, will do FFT conversion (fast fourier transform) when considering frequency analysis, will guarantee synchronized sampling for frequency spectrum is not leaked; When the line voltage frequency jitter, need the sampling number unanimity of each cycle of electrical network be sampled with control A/D thereby designed the phase locking frequency multiplying circuit.
UART Universal Asynchronous Receiver Transmitter, i.e. UART (Universal Asynchronous ReceiverTransmitter) adopts the RS-232 interface mode to realize communicating by letter of electric energy meter and host computer or kilowatt meter reading-out system.
LCD demonstration/Keysheet module connects electric energy metrical SOPC chip, is the interface of whole electric energy system man-machine interaction, the LCD display module shows current three-phase voltage effective value, three-phase current effective value, active energy, reactive energy, the apparent electric energy, last month historical electric quantity data etc.; By keyboard the data of ammeter can be set, accelerate LCD refreshing frequency etc., also can make things convenient for system debug simultaneously.
The calendar clock module is connected with electric energy metrical SOPC chip, selects the trickle charge time chip DS1302 of dallas, u.s.a company for use, is mainly used to produce one and comprises year, month, day, hour, min, the clock of second.
The IIC storer is connected with electric energy metrical SOPC chip, and that select for use is the two-wire serial eeprom storer AT24C256 of American ATMEL, is used for stored programme information.
A kind of three-phase electric energy meter of the present invention based on NIOS II microprocessor, its advantage and effect are: the soft nuclear microprocessor of NIOS II of the release of this electric energy meter employing altera corp is as CPU, adopt three-phase electric energy metering SOPC (System On Programmable Chip) chip to join correspondent peripheral circuit outward as metering units.The user can be as required makes up flexibly and programmes the hardware configuration of three-phase electrical energy computation chip, functional characteristics, resource occupation etc., thereby just can develop target product with very low cost in the quite short cycle.Since three-phase electrical energy computation chip integrated the required whole core circuit (microprocessors of three-phase electric energy meter, computation chip, various controller and communication interface etc.), can significantly dwindle the volume of three-phase electric energy meter, also can reduce the signal transmission between peripheral driver interface unit and circuit board simultaneously, accelerate the speed that microprocessor data is handled, embedded circuit can also be avoided the system interference that the signal transmission is caused on the external circuit board; The electric energy meter volume is little, integrated level is high, and good reliability has reconfigurability.
(4) description of drawings:
Figure 1 shows that three-phase electric energy meter design overall block diagram.
Figure 2 shows that electric energy metrical SOPC chip internal block diagram.
(5) embodiment:
Below in conjunction with drawings and Examples, technical scheme of the present invention is further elaborated.
A kind of three-phase electric energy meter based on NIOS II microprocessor of the present invention has proposed the design proposal of a complete three-phase electric energy metering.This design proposal can be applied in the single-phase electric energy meter SOPC chip design equally, and it is just passable just to need to revise in corresponding metering algorithm and the Adjustment System software corresponding module.
1. the present invention adopts the reason of the soft nuclear microprocessor of NIOS II
The soft nuclear microprocessor of the NIOS II key property of the release of altera corp comprises: the Efficient and Flexible processor module, can become 16 or 32 s' CPU (central processing unit) (RISC by software arrangements, be RelegateImportant Stuff to the Compiler structure), and can select different internal storage sizes, its highest execution speed can reach 50MHz; Selection (multiple functional modules such as synchronous DRAM, UART, pci interface module, LCD interface module, MAC interface module) with multiple other functional module.
At present, be SOC (System On Chip) based on FPGA (Field Programmable Gate Array) design SOC (system on a chip), two kinds of schemes are arranged: embed the IP stone and embed the soft nuclear of IP based on FPGA based on FPGA.IP stone (for example ARM examines, Power PC nuclear, and single-chip microcomputer nuclear), the soft nuclear of IP (the soft nuclear of MicroBlaze of soft nuclear of the NIOSII of altera corp and Xilinx company).
● the soft nuclear phase of IP is implanted the superiority of FPGA for the IP stone:
(1) stone is generally from the 3rd side company, and FPGA manufacturer can't directly control its intellectual property fees usually, thereby causes FPGA device price higher relatively.Soft nuclear is non-the 3rd side's product that FPGA manufacturer releases, and the user need not to pay intellectual property fees usually.
(2) stone is implanted in advance, and the deviser can't change the structure of processor according to actual needs.Soft nuclear then is the embedded system microprocessor IP kernel that the user can arbitrarily dispose and make up.
(3) stone can't be reduced the processor hardware resource to reduce the FPGA cost.Soft nuclear then can arbitrarily be reduced.
● the contrast of soft nuclear of NIOSII and the soft nuclear of MicroBlaze:
(1) the implantable FPGA series of NIOSII almost without limits.
(2) in the completeness of developing instrument, to aspect the embedded OS support commonly used, NIOSII is better than MicroBlaze.
(3) with regard to cost, NIOSI I is non-the 3rd side's product that Altera releases, so the user need not to pay intellectual property fees usually.The cost of use of NIOSII only is its fpga logic resource that takies.
2. electric energy metrical SOPC chip design scheme
As shown in Figure 2, this chip internal comprises the AD controller, FIFO (First In First Out, be the first in first out data buffer), electric energy metrical, configuration register, the soft nuclear microprocessor of NIOSII, calendar clock interface, DFC (Digital to Frequency Converter, i.e. numerical frequency transducer), IIC interface, and part such as lcd controller.
Wherein, the AD controller be input as three-phase voltage and the three-phase current (serial datas of 6 passages) that collects on the signal acquiring board, the AD controller is the sequential according to the ∑ of 16 in U.S. AD company-Δ A/D chip AD73360, converts the serial data of 6 passages of input to parallel data and is stored among the corresponding FIFO; The FIFO of 6 passages preserves the AD data of 1 cycle of 6 passages that the AD controller sends here, so that the computing of back uses, does so in addition that a benefit is exactly that the electric energy metrical module can realize pipeline organization, accelerates arithmetic speed; The electric energy metrical module mainly is to utilize FPGA to realize the metering of meritorious, the idle and applied power of electric energy.Preserve configuration data, historical electric quantity data, freezing data or the like in the configuration register; The soft nuclear microprocessor of NIOS II is finished the despatching work of whole electric energy computation chip; The calendar clock interface links to each other with the calendar clock chip of outside, for chip provides clock information, uses for the soft nuclear microprocessor of NIOS II, thereby constitutes multi-rate meter.Calendar clock chip is selected the trickle charge time chip DS1302 of dallas, u.s.a company for use; The DFC conversion is exactly the number output that the energy value after the metering is converted to pulse, so that calibration; The outside IIC ROM (read-only memory) AT24C256 of IIC interface control, AT24C256 is the two-wire serial eeprom storer of American ATMEL; Lcd controller is realized the driving function of external LCD, and LCD selects the LCM128645ZK of Beijing high official position for use.3. three-phase electric energy meter overall design
3, three-phase electric energy meter design overall block diagram as shown in Figure 1.
Based on the three-phase electric energy meter of NIOS II microprocessor, comprise modules such as sensor, signal condition, signals collecting, electric energy metrical SOPC chip, phase locking frequency multiplying, LCD demonstration/keyboard, UART Universal Asynchronous Receiver Transmitter, IIC storer and calendar clock.
The sensor output terminal is connected with the signal condition module, transfers the three-phase voltage on the line of electric force and three-phase current to small-signal and gives the signal condition module.Three-phase voltage is reduced to small-signal by resistance pressure-dividing network, and three-phase current signal transfers small-signal to by current transformer.
The signal condition module, input end is connected with the sensor output terminal, and this signal condition module specifically comprises: anti-aliasing low-pass filter, reference voltage level and A/D modular converter; The small voltage signal that sensor is sent here is biased on the reference voltage level of A/D modular converter through after the anti-aliasing low-pass filter filtering, for A/D modular converter electric current.
Signal acquisition module, input end links to each other with signal condition module output terminal, gives electric energy metrical SOPC chip after 6 road voltage signals that the signal condition module is sent here transfer digital signal to.
Electric energy metrical SOPC chip is connected with signal acquisition module, is the core of whole electric energy system, mainly comprises the two large divisions: the soft nuclear microprocessor of electric energy metrical and NIOS II; Electric energy metrical is partly finished the electric current and voltage effective value and is calculated, and meritorious/idle/applied power is calculated, and meritorious/idle/as to look electric energy metrical etc., partial function is realized by hardware; The soft nuclear microprocessor of NIOS II is finished the despatching work of whole electric energy, switches as realizing tariff period, and the response serial port command is freezed historical electric quantity data, and the LCD demonstration refreshes functions such as failure logging warning.This electric energy metrical SOPC chip is as an independent invention separate case application.
Phase locking frequency multiplying links to each other with signal acquisition module with the signal condition module, is used to control the sample frequency of A/D modular converter.Because this three-phase electric energy meter has the frequency analysis function, will do FFT conversion (fast fourier transform) when considering frequency analysis, will guarantee synchronized sampling for frequency spectrum is not leaked; When the line voltage frequency jitter, need the sampling number unanimity of each cycle of electrical network be sampled with control A/D thereby designed the phase locking frequency multiplying circuit.
UART Universal Asynchronous Receiver Transmitter, i.e. UART (Universal Asynchronous ReceiverTransmitter) adopts the RS-232 interface mode to realize communicating by letter of electric energy meter and host computer or kilowatt meter reading-out system.
LCD demonstration/Keysheet module connects electric energy metrical SOPC chip, is the interface of whole electric energy system man-machine interaction, the LCD display module shows current three-phase voltage effective value, three-phase current effective value, active energy, reactive energy, the apparent electric energy, last month historical electric quantity data etc.; By keyboard the data of ammeter can be set, accelerate LCD refreshing frequency etc., also can make things convenient for system debug simultaneously.
The calendar clock module is connected with electric energy metrical SOPC chip, selects the trickle charge time chip DS 1302 of dallas, u.s.a company for use, is mainly used to produce one and comprises year, month, day, hour, min, the clock of second.
The IIC storer is connected with electric energy metrical SOPC chip, and that select for use is the two-wire serial eeprom storer AT24C256 of American ATMEL, is used for stored programme information.
Claims (4)
1, a kind of three-phase electric energy meter based on NIOS II microprocessor is characterized in that: this three-phase electric energy meter specifically comprises programmable chip system, phase locking frequency multiplying, LCD demonstration/keyboard, UART Universal Asynchronous Receiver Transmitter, IIC storer and calendar clock module on sensor, signal condition, signals collecting, the electric energy metrical sheet;
Sensor, output terminal is connected with the signal condition module, transfers the three-phase voltage on the line of electric force and three-phase current to small-signal and gives the signal condition module;
The signal condition module, input end is connected with the sensor output terminal, and this signal condition module specifically comprises: anti-aliasing low-pass filter, reference voltage level and A/D modular converter;
Signal acquisition module, input end links to each other with signal condition module output terminal, gives electric energy metrical SOPC chip after the voltage signal that the signal condition module is sent here transfers digital signal to;
Electric energy metrical SOPC chip is connected with signal acquisition module, is the core of whole electric energy system, mainly comprises the two large divisions: the soft nuclear microprocessor of electric energy metrical and NIOS II; Electric energy metrical is partly finished the electric current and voltage effective value and is calculated, and meritorious/idle/applied power is calculated, and meritorious/idle/as to look electric energy metrical etc., partial function is realized by hardware; The soft nuclear microprocessor of NIOS II is finished the despatching work of whole electric energy, switches as realizing tariff period, and the response serial port command is freezed historical electric quantity data, and the LCD demonstration refreshes functions such as failure logging warning;
Phase locking frequency multiplying links to each other with signal acquisition module with the signal condition module, is used to control the sample frequency of A/D modular converter.
UART Universal Asynchronous Receiver Transmitter adopts the RS-232 interface mode to realize communicating by letter of electric energy meter and host computer or kilowatt meter reading-out system.
LCD demonstration/Keysheet module connects electric energy metrical SOPC chip, is the interface of whole electric energy system man-machine interaction;
The calendar clock module is connected with electric energy metrical SOPC chip, selects the trickle charge time chip DS 1302 of dallas, u.s.a company for use, is mainly used to produce one and comprises year, month, day, hour, min, the clock of second.
The IIC storer is connected with electric energy metrical SOPC chip, and that select for use is the two-wire serial eeprom storer AT24C256 of American ATMEL, is used for stored programme information.
2, the three-phase electric energy meter based on NIOS II microprocessor according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: described three-phase voltage is reduced to small-signal by resistance pressure-dividing network, and three-phase current signal transfers small-signal to by current transformer.
3, the three-phase electric energy meter based on NIOS II microprocessor according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: the small voltage signal that described signal condition module is sent sensor here is biased on the reference voltage level of A/D modular converter through after the anti-aliasing low-pass filter filtering, for A/D modular converter electric current.
4, the three-phase electric energy meter based on NIOS II microprocessor according to claim 1 is characterized in that: described LCD display module shows current three-phase voltage effective value, three-phase current effective value, active energy, reactive energy, the apparent electric energy, last month historical electric quantity data etc.; The LCD Keysheet module can be provided with the data of ammeter by keyboard, accelerates LCD refreshing frequency etc., also can make things convenient for system debug simultaneously.
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Cited By (9)
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CN102013157A (en) * | 2010-08-13 | 2011-04-13 | 深圳市科陆电子科技股份有限公司 | Device for displaying power data and information of energy meter |
CN102520269A (en) * | 2011-11-23 | 2012-06-27 | 上海市电力公司 | Data collecting and analyzing device for energy storage system and collecting and analyzing method thereof |
CN102735920A (en) * | 2011-04-11 | 2012-10-17 | 襄樊金顿电气有限公司 | Multi-phase power parameter synchronous acquisition circuit |
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CN106970252A (en) * | 2017-04-21 | 2017-07-21 | 国网浙江省电力公司电力科学研究院 | A kind of intelligent electric energy meter |
CN112034247A (en) * | 2020-07-17 | 2020-12-04 | 宁波三星医疗电气股份有限公司 | Fault recording method of electric energy meter and electric energy meter thereof |
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CN102013157A (en) * | 2010-08-13 | 2011-04-13 | 深圳市科陆电子科技股份有限公司 | Device for displaying power data and information of energy meter |
CN102735920A (en) * | 2011-04-11 | 2012-10-17 | 襄樊金顿电气有限公司 | Multi-phase power parameter synchronous acquisition circuit |
CN102520269A (en) * | 2011-11-23 | 2012-06-27 | 上海市电力公司 | Data collecting and analyzing device for energy storage system and collecting and analyzing method thereof |
CN105894789A (en) * | 2016-06-20 | 2016-08-24 | 福州台江区超人电子有限公司 | Automatic meter reading system for running water supply pipe network |
CN106023570A (en) * | 2016-06-20 | 2016-10-12 | 福州台江区超人电子有限公司 | Automatic meter reading system for tap water supply pipe network |
CN106097683A (en) * | 2016-06-20 | 2016-11-09 | 福州台江区超人电子有限公司 | Distribution electric quantity parameter acquisition system |
CN106023570B (en) * | 2016-06-20 | 2018-11-27 | 福州准点信息科技有限公司 | Automatic meter reading system for tap water supply pipe network |
CN106097683B (en) * | 2016-06-20 | 2018-12-11 | 福州准点信息科技有限公司 | Distribution electric quantity parameter acquisition system |
CN105894789B (en) * | 2016-06-20 | 2018-12-28 | 福州准点信息科技有限公司 | The Automatic meter reading system of tap water supply pipe network |
CN106370925A (en) * | 2016-10-27 | 2017-02-01 | 深圳市中鹏电子有限公司 | Lightning energy calculation circuit based on FPGA |
CN106970252A (en) * | 2017-04-21 | 2017-07-21 | 国网浙江省电力公司电力科学研究院 | A kind of intelligent electric energy meter |
CN112034247A (en) * | 2020-07-17 | 2020-12-04 | 宁波三星医疗电气股份有限公司 | Fault recording method of electric energy meter and electric energy meter thereof |
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