CN101243280B - 管接头 - Google Patents

管接头 Download PDF

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Publication number
CN101243280B
CN101243280B CN200680030307.XA CN200680030307A CN101243280B CN 101243280 B CN101243280 B CN 101243280B CN 200680030307 A CN200680030307 A CN 200680030307A CN 101243280 B CN101243280 B CN 101243280B
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clamp ring
pipe
injection
welding line
link
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CN101243280A (zh
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J·斯莫尔
P·豪基
T·拉松
Y·伦德奎斯特
M·哈伦
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Uponor Innovation AB
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16L—PIPES; JOINTS OR FITTINGS FOR PIPES; SUPPORTS FOR PIPES, CABLES OR PROTECTIVE TUBING; MEANS FOR THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16L47/00—Connecting arrangements or other fittings specially adapted to be made of plastics or to be used with pipes made of plastics
    • F16L47/20—Connecting arrangements or other fittings specially adapted to be made of plastics or to be used with pipes made of plastics based principally on specific properties of plastics
    • F16L47/22—Connecting arrangements or other fittings specially adapted to be made of plastics or to be used with pipes made of plastics based principally on specific properties of plastics using shrink-down material
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C45/00—Injection moulding, i.e. forcing the required volume of moulding material through a nozzle into a closed mould; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C45/0025—Preventing defects on the moulded article, e.g. weld lines, shrinkage marks
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C65/00—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C65/66—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by liberation of internal stresses, e.g. shrinking of one of the parts to be joined
    • B29C65/68—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by liberation of internal stresses, e.g. shrinking of one of the parts to be joined using auxiliary shrinkable elements
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/01—General aspects dealing with the joint area or with the area to be joined
    • B29C66/05—Particular design of joint configurations
    • B29C66/10—Particular design of joint configurations particular design of the joint cross-sections
    • B29C66/11—Joint cross-sections comprising a single joint-segment, i.e. one of the parts to be joined comprising a single joint-segment in the joint cross-section
    • B29C66/112—Single lapped joints
    • B29C66/1122—Single lap to lap joints, i.e. overlap joints
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/01—General aspects dealing with the joint area or with the area to be joined
    • B29C66/05—Particular design of joint configurations
    • B29C66/10—Particular design of joint configurations particular design of the joint cross-sections
    • B29C66/11—Joint cross-sections comprising a single joint-segment, i.e. one of the parts to be joined comprising a single joint-segment in the joint cross-section
    • B29C66/114—Single butt joints
    • B29C66/1142—Single butt to butt joints
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/01—General aspects dealing with the joint area or with the area to be joined
    • B29C66/05—Particular design of joint configurations
    • B29C66/10—Particular design of joint configurations particular design of the joint cross-sections
    • B29C66/12—Joint cross-sections combining only two joint-segments; Tongue and groove joints; Tenon and mortise joints; Stepped joint cross-sections
    • B29C66/122—Joint cross-sections combining only two joint-segments, i.e. one of the parts to be joined comprising only two joint-segments in the joint cross-section
    • B29C66/1222—Joint cross-sections combining only two joint-segments, i.e. one of the parts to be joined comprising only two joint-segments in the joint cross-section comprising at least a lapped joint-segment
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/01—General aspects dealing with the joint area or with the area to be joined
    • B29C66/05—Particular design of joint configurations
    • B29C66/10—Particular design of joint configurations particular design of the joint cross-sections
    • B29C66/12—Joint cross-sections combining only two joint-segments; Tongue and groove joints; Tenon and mortise joints; Stepped joint cross-sections
    • B29C66/122—Joint cross-sections combining only two joint-segments, i.e. one of the parts to be joined comprising only two joint-segments in the joint cross-section
    • B29C66/1224—Joint cross-sections combining only two joint-segments, i.e. one of the parts to be joined comprising only two joint-segments in the joint cross-section comprising at least a butt joint-segment
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/50—General aspects of joining tubular articles; General aspects of joining long products, i.e. bars or profiled elements; General aspects of joining single elements to tubular articles, hollow articles or bars; General aspects of joining several hollow-preforms to form hollow or tubular articles
    • B29C66/51—Joining tubular articles, profiled elements or bars; Joining single elements to tubular articles, hollow articles or bars; Joining several hollow-preforms to form hollow or tubular articles
    • B29C66/52—Joining tubular articles, bars or profiled elements
    • B29C66/522—Joining tubular articles
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/50—General aspects of joining tubular articles; General aspects of joining long products, i.e. bars or profiled elements; General aspects of joining single elements to tubular articles, hollow articles or bars; General aspects of joining several hollow-preforms to form hollow or tubular articles
    • B29C66/51—Joining tubular articles, profiled elements or bars; Joining single elements to tubular articles, hollow articles or bars; Joining several hollow-preforms to form hollow or tubular articles
    • B29C66/54—Joining several hollow-preforms, e.g. half-shells, to form hollow articles, e.g. for making balls, containers; Joining several hollow-preforms, e.g. half-cylinders, to form tubular articles
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C45/00—Injection moulding, i.e. forcing the required volume of moulding material through a nozzle into a closed mould; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C45/0025—Preventing defects on the moulded article, e.g. weld lines, shrinkage marks
    • B29C2045/0027—Gate or gate mark locations
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C57/00—Shaping of tube ends, e.g. flanging, belling or closing; Apparatus therefor, e.g. collapsible mandrels
    • B29C57/02—Belling or enlarging, e.g. combined with forming a groove
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C65/00—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C65/02—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/50—General aspects of joining tubular articles; General aspects of joining long products, i.e. bars or profiled elements; General aspects of joining single elements to tubular articles, hollow articles or bars; General aspects of joining several hollow-preforms to form hollow or tubular articles
    • B29C66/51—Joining tubular articles, profiled elements or bars; Joining single elements to tubular articles, hollow articles or bars; Joining several hollow-preforms to form hollow or tubular articles
    • B29C66/54—Joining several hollow-preforms, e.g. half-shells, to form hollow articles, e.g. for making balls, containers; Joining several hollow-preforms, e.g. half-cylinders, to form tubular articles
    • B29C66/547—Joining several hollow-preforms, e.g. half-cylinders, to form tubular articles, e.g. endless tubes
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/70—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material
    • B29C66/71—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the composition of the plastics material of the parts to be joined
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/70—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material
    • B29C66/73—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset
    • B29C66/737—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the state of the material of the parts to be joined
    • B29C66/7371—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the state of the material of the parts to be joined oriented or heat-shrinkable
    • B29C66/73715—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the state of the material of the parts to be joined oriented or heat-shrinkable heat-shrinkable
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29K—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES B29B, B29C OR B29D, RELATING TO MOULDING MATERIALS OR TO MATERIALS FOR MOULDS, REINFORCEMENTS, FILLERS OR PREFORMED PARTS, e.g. INSERTS
    • B29K2023/00—Use of polyalkenes or derivatives thereof as moulding material
    • B29K2023/04—Polymers of ethylene
    • B29K2023/06—PE, i.e. polyethylene
    • B29K2023/0691—PEX, i.e. crosslinked polyethylene
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M35/00—Combustion-air cleaners, air intakes, intake silencers, or induction systems specially adapted for, or arranged on, internal-combustion engines
    • F02M35/10—Air intakes; Induction systems
    • F02M35/1034—Manufacturing and assembling intake systems
    • F02M35/10354—Joining multiple sections together
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T403/00—Joints and connections
    • Y10T403/16—Joints and connections with adjunctive protector, broken parts retainer, repair, assembly or disassembly feature
    • Y10T403/1616—Position or guide means
    • Y10T403/1624—Related to joint component

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Injection Moulding Of Plastics Or The Like (AREA)
  • Branch Pipes, Bends, And The Like (AREA)
  • Joints With Sleeves (AREA)
  • Mechanical Coupling Of Light Guides (AREA)

Abstract

一种管接头，包括连接件(2)、管(1)和夹环(6)。管(1)和夹环(6)由具有记忆特性的材料制成。管(1)的端部和夹环(6)可逆地共同膨胀，并通过往回收缩而牢固和密封地收缩至连接件(2)上。优选是，夹环(6)由交联聚烯烃通过注射模制而制成。

Description

管接头
技术领域
本发明涉及与管连接相关的方法和结构、用于管连接的夹环以及管接头。
背景技术
已经提供了一种在由具有记忆特性的塑料材料制成的管的一端和连接件之间的管接头。记忆特性的意思是具有记忆能力的塑料管在膨胀后将自动争取基本返回它们的初始形状和形式。例如，由交联聚乙烯制造的塑料管在低至室温的温度下具有主动记忆能力。这种性质的管通过使管的一端加宽并将有凸缘的连接器插入所述加宽的管端部中而连接在一起，所述有凸缘的连接器形成管连接件的一部分，通常由金属制成，且它保持在所述管端部内，直到管收缩到使它能够牢固保持该连接件的程度。由弹性材料(该弹性材料可以是与制成管的材料相同的材料)制成的夹环在管端部上膨胀和收缩，以便进一步提高在管连接区域处的保持和密封压力。夹环在管端部膨胀的同时膨胀，且夹环处于环绕所述管端部的位置。这样的方案例如在EP0530387中介绍。夹环由挤出管而制成，即通过将管切成足够短的部分以便形成夹环。
目前还提供了用于形成管接头的改进方案。该方案可以通过以独立权利要求中所述为特征的方法、结构、夹环和管接头来实现。本发明的一些实施例在独立权利要求中提出。
发明内容
根据一个方面，管接头包括连接件、管和夹环。管和夹环由具有记忆特性的材料制成，其中，管的一端部和夹环可逆地共同膨胀，并通过往回收缩而牢固和密封地收缩至连接件上。连接件包括管嘴端。夹环形成为这样，即它用于保护连接件的管嘴端。在形成管连接之前的储存和输送中，夹环在管嘴端上滑动。因此，夹环在储存和输送过程中防止管嘴端受到损坏。
根据一个实施例，夹环由交联聚烯烃通过注射模制而制成。通过由注射模制制造夹环，可以优化用于各管接头的夹环的特性。例如，夹环的壁厚和设计可以根据需要来形成。还可以在夹环中形成标记，以便将夹环的信息提供给最终用户。
根据另一实施例，夹环形成为这样，即在注射模制的夹环中，焊接线沿径向方向的总长度大于夹环的平均壁厚。夹环例如形成为这样，即，在焊接线所在的位置处，壁厚大于平均壁厚。增加焊接线总长度的另一可能方法是提供一种注射模制模具，材料从两个或更多注射口供给该注射模制模具中，这样，夹环包括两个或更多焊接线。还有，在该连接中，全部焊接线可以定位成使得它们形成于壁厚大于平均壁厚的位置处。通常，焊接线是由交联聚乙烯制造的注射模制物的最弱点。不过，当焊接线的总长度大于平均壁厚时，夹环的强度增加。因此，在膨胀处理过程中在焊接线中产生裂纹的危险减小。根据另一实施例，夹环的一端有止动边缘。当形成管连接时和在形成管连接后，该止动边缘保证夹环保持定位在管端部上的正确位置。
附图说明
下面将参考附图通过优选实施例更详细地介绍本发明，附图中：
图1示意表示了管接头的侧剖图；
图2示意表示了夹环的端部剖视图；
图3表示了在从与图2中不同的一端看时夹环的端视图；
图4示意表示了夹环的侧剖图；以及
图5示意表示了另一夹环的侧剖图。
具体实施方式
图1表示了管1和连接件2，该管1包括具有记忆特性的塑料材料，例如交联聚乙烯PEX或任意其它交联聚烯烃，而该连接件2由金属制成。连接件2包括管嘴端3。管嘴端3包括沿径向凸出的凸缘4。管嘴端3终止于径向抵靠表面5。管嘴端3的外径超过未膨胀的管1的内径。弹性夹环6安装在管1的端部上。在它的松弛状态，夹环6的内径对应于未膨胀管1的外径。
优选是，夹环6的内表面为圆锥形，如图4中所示。该特征使得夹环6能够紧配合地定位在管1的端部上。这样，由于圆锥形形状，很容易将夹环定位在管1的端部，而且，由于圆锥形形状，夹环6的内表面压靠管1的外表面，且夹环6紧配合地保持在管1的端部。因此，很容易形成管连接，因为夹环6从管端部脱落的危险减至最小。夹环6的内表面的锥角α例如可以在0.1°至2°的范围内。
夹环6的内表面也可以制成为圆锥形，这样，首先在夹环6的外端处有第一较大锥角β，然后有第二较小锥角α，如图5中所示。第一较大锥角β提供了能够非常容易地将夹环定位在管1的端部上的优点。由于第二较小锥角α，夹环6紧配合地保持在管1的端部上。例如，第一锥角β可以在3°至7°的范围内，第二锥角α可以在0.1°至2°的范围内。
当形成图1中所示的管连接时，管1的端部和环绕的夹环6通过膨胀器工具而同时膨胀。然后，管嘴端3立即插入管的端部，直到抵靠表面5与管1的端部和夹环6相抵。管1的端部和夹环6再自动皱缩或收缩，以便特别在管1的内表面和凸缘4之间获得密封接触。密封接触还在管1的内表面和管嘴端3的外表面之间获得。
图2表示了夹环的截面。当注射模制该环时，将材料供给至模具中。图2中所示的夹环这样制成，即，模具包括两个注射口。因此，材料从模具的各侧供给模具中，在图2中以箭头表示。这两个材料流流入模具中，它们相互接触。因此，在材料流结合的点处形成焊接线7。因为在图2中材料通过两个注射口来供给，因此在夹环中有两个焊接线7。当材料只从一个注射口供给时，焊接线7基本形成于注射口的相对侧。通常，在注射模制的物体中不能看见焊接线7，但是在图2中，焊接线7以窄线表示。
通常，焊接线是注射模制的环的最弱点，特别是当环由交联聚烯烃制成时。不过，焊接线7沿径向方向的总长度大于夹环6的平均壁厚。例如通过使用多于一个注射口，焊接线的总长度可以更长，这样，环包括两个或更多焊接线7。
还有，当只提供一个注射口，因此只有一个焊接线时，焊接线可以更长，这样，夹环的壁厚在存在焊接线的位置处更大。因此，这意味着夹环的壁在焊接线处最厚。
还有，当提供有多个焊接线时，在焊接线处的壁厚可以制成为更厚，这也在图2中表示。
因此，在焊接线处的更厚的壁增强了该夹环。而且，具有两个或更多(例如三个或四个，多达六个)注射口的模具将产生更多焊接线。当提供多个焊接线时，每一个焊接线的膨胀力更低，因此夹环更坚固。
夹环的直径例如可以在15至50mm之间变化。夹环6的长度例如可以基本等于夹环的直径。夹环的长度尺寸也可以设置成基本等于连接件2的管嘴端3的长度。夹环的平均壁厚例如可以在2至6mm之间变化。夹环的壁厚确定夹环的收缩力。因此，夹环的壁厚尺寸设置成有足够的收缩力。当壁在焊接线7处制得更厚时，该壁的厚度可以比平均壁厚大例如0.3至2mm。
夹环6由交联聚烯烃制成。夹环例如可以由交联聚乙烯PEX或交联聚丙烯制成。优选是，夹环6由PEX-B材料制成，即硅烷PEX。当使用PEX-B材料时，交联通过热作用而开始。因此，PEX-B材料优选是与注射模制相结合。
夹环的一端提供有止动边缘8。该止动边缘8保证管1的端部相对于夹环6处于正确位置。止动边缘8向内延伸。止动边缘8包括向内延伸的凸起9，该凸起9也可在图3中看见。凸起9保证管1相对于夹环6停止于正确位置。而且，凸起9足够高，以便使夹环能够用于在形成管连接之前保护连接件的管嘴端3。当夹环6处于它的初始形式和形状时，夹环的内径大于管嘴端3的外径。不过，凸起足够高，以便延伸至比管嘴端3的凸缘4的外径更小的圆周。因此，夹环6可以卡在管嘴端3上，这样，凸起9和凸缘4将夹环6保持在管嘴端3上。因此，夹环6保护管嘴端免受损坏，该损坏将引起泄漏问题。因此，在储存和输送过程中，管嘴端不会受损。
可以不采用凸起9，用于将夹环6保持在管嘴端3上的装置可以是径向向内凸出的环，该环制得足够薄，这样，例如当夹环6卡在管嘴端3上时该环将屈服。
可以不采用注射模制，夹环可以通过将管切成足够短的部分而由挤出管制成，以便例如形成夹环。在切割后，通过例如热成形而使得合适的凸起和其它所需形状可以形成于夹环上。
在一些情况下，本说明书中所示的特征可以不考虑其它特征而使用。再有，本说明书中所示的特征可以在需要时进行组合，以便形成不同组合。
本领域技术人员应当知道，在技术进步的过程中，本发明的基本思想可以以多种方式来实现。因此，本发明和它的实施例并不局限于前述实例，而是它们可以在附加权利要求的范围内变化。而且，夹环例如可以包括孔，通过该孔可以检测管是否被正确推至夹环6内部。

Claims (11)

1.一种与管接头相关的方法，该管接头包括具有管嘴端(3)的连接件(2)、管(1)和夹环(6)，该管(1)和夹环(6)由具有记忆特性的材料制成，因此，管(1)的端部和夹环(6)可逆地共同膨胀，并通过往回收缩而牢固和密封地收缩至连接件(2)上，其特征在于：在形成管连接之前在储存和输送过程中通过夹环(6)来保护管嘴端(3)。
2.根据权利要求1所述的方法，其特征在于：使凸起(9)形成于夹环(6)上，用于通过该凸起(9)而将夹环(6)保持在管嘴端(3)上。
3.根据权利要求1或2所述的方法，其特征在于：通过注射模制来制造夹环(6)。
4.根据权利要求3所述的方法，其特征在于：通过注射模制，使得焊接线(7)沿径向方向的总长度大于夹环(6)的平均壁厚。
5.根据权利要求1或2所述的方法，其特征在于：使夹环(6)的内表面形成为圆锥形。
6.一种与管接头相关的结构，该管接头包括具有管嘴端(3)的连接件(2)、管(1)和夹环(6)，该管(1)和夹环(6)由具有记忆特性的材料制成，其中，管(1)的端部和夹环(6)可逆地共同膨胀，并通过往回收缩而牢固和密封地收缩至连接件上，其特征在于：该结构包括与夹环(6)相联的装置，用于在形成管连接之前在储存和输送过程中将夹环(6)保持在管嘴端(3)上，以便保护管嘴端(3)。
7.根据权利要求6所述的结构，其特征在于：所述装置是布置在夹环(6)中的凸起(9)。
8.根据权利要求6或7所述的结构，其特征在于：夹环(6)由交联聚乙烯通过注射模制而制成。
9.根据权利要求8所述的结构，其特征在于：夹环包括焊接线(7)，通过注射模制，该焊接线沿径向方向的总长度大于夹环(6)的平均壁厚。
10.根据权利要求6所述的结构，其特征在于：夹环(6)的内表面为圆锥形。
11.根据权利要求10所述的结构，其特征在于：夹环(6)的圆锥形内表面形成为这样，即，在夹环(6)的外端有第一较大锥角(β)，然后有第二较小锥角(α)。
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