CN101239313B - 同时脱除碳烟颗粒和氮氧化物的铜铈铝催化剂及制备方法 - Google Patents
同时脱除碳烟颗粒和氮氧化物的铜铈铝催化剂及制备方法 Download PDFInfo
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- MWUXSHHQAYIFBG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nitric oxide Chemical compound O=[N] MWUXSHHQAYIFBG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 74
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 68
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 23
- SKEYZPJKRDZMJG-UHFFFAOYSA-N cerium copper Chemical compound [Cu].[Ce] SKEYZPJKRDZMJG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims description 28
- 239000004411 aluminium Substances 0.000 title claims description 22
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims description 22
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims description 16
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 title claims description 16
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims description 14
- 239000000779 smoke Substances 0.000 title description 5
- 239000008187 granular material Substances 0.000 title 1
- 239000004071 soot Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 32
- 238000000975 co-precipitation Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium oxide Inorganic materials [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 238000003980 solgel method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- KRKNYBCHXYNGOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N citric acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CC(O)(C(O)=O)CC(O)=O KRKNYBCHXYNGOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 30
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 claims description 20
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 claims description 19
- 239000000725 suspension Substances 0.000 claims description 15
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims description 14
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 claims description 14
- 239000013049 sediment Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 229910052684 Cerium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000002202 Polyethylene glycol Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 229920001223 polyethylene glycol Polymers 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- XTEGARKTQYYJKE-UHFFFAOYSA-M Chlorate Chemical compound [O-]Cl(=O)=O XTEGARKTQYYJKE-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000013019 agitation Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- VSCWAEJMTAWNJL-UHFFFAOYSA-K aluminium trichloride Chemical compound Cl[Al](Cl)Cl VSCWAEJMTAWNJL-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 claims description 6
- 235000011114 ammonium hydroxide Nutrition 0.000 claims description 6
- HSJPMRKMPBAUAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N cerium(3+);trinitrate Chemical group [Ce+3].[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O HSJPMRKMPBAUAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- XTVVROIMIGLXTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N copper(II) nitrate Chemical compound [Cu+2].[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O XTVVROIMIGLXTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000007800 oxidant agent Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000001556 precipitation Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000000967 suction filtration Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000006228 supernatant Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- BNGXYYYYKUGPPF-UHFFFAOYSA-M (3-methylphenyl)methyl-triphenylphosphanium;chloride Chemical group [Cl-].CC1=CC=CC(C[P+](C=2C=CC=CC=2)(C=2C=CC=CC=2)C=2C=CC=CC=2)=C1 BNGXYYYYKUGPPF-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 3
- 150000000703 Cerium Chemical class 0.000 claims description 3
- 159000000013 aluminium salts Chemical class 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910000329 aluminium sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- OZECDDHOAMNMQI-UHFFFAOYSA-H cerium(3+);trisulfate Chemical group [Ce+3].[Ce+3].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O.[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O.[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O OZECDDHOAMNMQI-UHFFFAOYSA-H 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910000333 cerium(III) sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- ORTQZVOHEJQUHG-UHFFFAOYSA-L copper(II) chloride Chemical compound Cl[Cu]Cl ORTQZVOHEJQUHG-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 3
- ARUVKPQLZAKDPS-UHFFFAOYSA-L copper(II) sulfate Chemical compound [Cu+2].[O-][S+2]([O-])([O-])[O-] ARUVKPQLZAKDPS-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-O Ammonium Chemical compound [NH4+] QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-O 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910021591 Copper(I) chloride Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910002651 NO3 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- NHNBFGGVMKEFGY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nitrate Chemical compound [O-][N+]([O-])=O NHNBFGGVMKEFGY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- DIZPMCHEQGEION-UHFFFAOYSA-H aluminium sulfate (anhydrous) Chemical group [Al+3].[Al+3].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O.[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O.[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O DIZPMCHEQGEION-UHFFFAOYSA-H 0.000 claims description 2
- -1 cerium ion Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000008139 complexing agent Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- OXBLHERUFWYNTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M copper(I) chloride Chemical compound [Cu]Cl OXBLHERUFWYNTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910021645 metal ion Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000001590 oxidative effect Effects 0.000 claims description 2
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- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 abstract description 9
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- 238000011109 contamination Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 abstract 4
- 229910052593 corundum Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract 1
- 229910000510 noble metal Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract 1
- 229910001845 yogo sapphire Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract 1
- QPLDLSVMHZLSFG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper oxide Chemical compound [Cu]=O QPLDLSVMHZLSFG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 22
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 7
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 239000008367 deionised water Substances 0.000 description 6
- 229910021641 deionized water Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 6
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Chemical compound O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000007084 catalytic combustion reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000003197 catalytic effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000000746 purification Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000010757 Reduction Activity Effects 0.000 description 2
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910000420 cerium oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000004567 concrete Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000018109 developmental process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 2
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- 239000004570 mortar (masonry) Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- BMMGVYCKOGBVEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxo(oxoceriooxy)cerium Chemical compound [Ce]=O.O=[Ce]=O BMMGVYCKOGBVEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000010453 quartz Substances 0.000 description 2
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicon dioxide Inorganic materials O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000004088 simulation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910021536 Zeolite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000032683 aging Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052783 alkali metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000001340 alkali metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910021529 ammonia Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N ammonia Natural products N QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000010953 base metal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006555 catalytic reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229960004643 cupric oxide Drugs 0.000 description 1
- HNPSIPDUKPIQMN-UHFFFAOYSA-N dioxosilane;oxo(oxoalumanyloxy)alumane Chemical compound O=[Si]=O.O=[Al]O[Al]=O HNPSIPDUKPIQMN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003344 environmental pollutant Substances 0.000 description 1
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- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012827 research and development Methods 0.000 description 1
- URGAHOPLAPQHLN-UHFFFAOYSA-N sodium aluminosilicate Chemical compound [Na+].[Al+3].[O-][Si]([O-])=O.[O-][Si]([O-])=O URGAHOPLAPQHLN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000003786 synthesis reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052723 transition metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000003624 transition metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000010457 zeolite Substances 0.000 description 1
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- B01J37/00—Processes, in general, for preparing catalysts; Processes, in general, for activation of catalysts
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Abstract
本发明公开了属于尾气催化剂的技术领域的一种同时脱除碳烟颗粒和氮氧化物的铜铈铝催化剂及制备方法。其特点是采用廉价的非贵金属盐为原料,催化剂生产成本低;采用溶胶-凝胶法、共沉淀法等较为简单的催化剂制备工艺,反应过程容易控制,容易实现工业化生产。调整不同的Cu、Ce、Al质量百分比,制得CuO-CeO2-Al2O3催化剂,以模拟柴油车尾气为反应气氛,能够将碳烟的燃烧温度由550℃左右降低到接近400℃,同时能在一定程度上还原NO,达到两种污染物同时消除的效果;并且该催化剂体系具有较为优越的热稳定性。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于柴油车尾气催化剂制备技术领域,特别涉及以氧化铈为载体的用于柴油车尾气碳烟选择性氧化脱除的一种同时脱除碳烟颗粒和氮氧化物的铜铈铝催化剂及制备方法。
背景技术
柴油机与汽油机相比具有高的热效率、经济性和低的CO2排放量,因而具有光明的发展前途。随着环保法规的日益严格,柴油机尾气污染物,特别是碳烟颗粒(soot)和氮氧化物(NOx)对环境的严重污染正受到人们的广泛关注。由于柴油机是富氧燃烧,对于汽油机排气净化最为有效的三效催化剂(TWC)并不适用于柴油机,开发如汽油车TWC那样有效的柴油车尾气催化净化材料和技术是摆在研究人员面前一项富有挑战性的紧迫任务。
近年来国外研究开发同时消除soot和NOx的催化净化技术成为研究热点。利用柴油机自身排放的soot和NOx在富氧条件下发生氧化还原反应,生成无害的N2和CO2,是一种非常重要和具有发展前途的柴油机尾气处理技术,具有良好的应用前景。除了采用稀燃NOx催化剂(LNC)和柴油颗粒过滤器(DPF)二种技术或者由LNC和柴油氧化催化剂(DOC)二种技术综合为一体的单一装置外,开发具有同时净化soot和NOx的单一催化剂也成为近年来的研发热点,特别是钙钛矿、尖晶石型复合氧化物以及含碱金属和过渡金属的双金属催化剂。为保证催化剂在DPF上的涂覆性能和热稳定性,可将催化剂分散在高比表面材料如γ-Al2O3【Zhongpeng Wang等,Catal.Commun.8(2007)1659-1664;N.Nejar等,Appl.Catal.B 70(2007)261-268】或者沸石分子筛【N.Nejar等,Catal.Today 119(2007)262-266】上。
发明内容
本发明的目的是提供一种廉价的、应用效果良好的同时脱除碳烟颗粒和氮氧化物的铜铈铝催化剂及制备方法。其特征在于,所述铜铈铝催化剂的通式为CuO-CeO2-Al2O3,其中Cu∶Ce摩尔比为1∶19~1∶4,(CuO+CeO2)∶Al2O3质量比为9∶1~1∶2。
所述铜铈铝催化剂采用溶胶-凝胶法或共沉淀法制备,制备步骤如下:
(1)取适量Cu、Ce的可溶性盐,按摩尔比Cu∶Ce=1∶19~1∶4混合均匀,配制成离子浓度为1~1.5mol/L的混合水溶液;
(2)溶胶-凝胶法:往步骤1所得的混合溶液中加入适量络合剂柠檬酸和造孔剂聚乙二醇,聚乙二醇添加量为柠檬酸用量的5~15wt%,搅拌得到溶液;其中柠檬酸的克当量数为所有金属离子的克当量数之和的1.1~1.3倍;
共沉淀法:往步骤1所得的混合溶液中加入适量沉淀剂氨水和在采用Ce3+盐时加入氧化剂H2O2,在采用Ce4+盐时不加氧化剂H2O2,其中氨水的添加量以保持最终溶液的pH值>10为准,H2O2添加量相当于亚铈离子摩尔含量的1.2倍,搅拌沉淀,得到悬浊液;
(3)往步骤2所得溶液或悬浊液中加入活性γ-Al2O3粉体,按最终产品(CuO+CeO2)∶Al2O3质量比为9∶1~1∶2配比,剧烈搅拌,使γ-Al2O3均匀分散在溶液中形成悬浊液;
(4)按溶胶-凝胶法时,对步骤3所得悬浊液在100~120℃进行持续加热搅拌,蒸干,形成凝胶;或按共沉淀法时,对步骤3所得悬浊液停止搅拌,静置24h,倒掉上层清液,抽滤,得到块状沉淀物,水洗2~3次,然后将所得凝胶或沉淀物于120℃烘干;
(5)将步骤4得到的凝胶固体或沉淀物捣碎,研磨,在500℃下焙烧3小时,得到催化剂粉体。
所述在步骤(1)的Cu、Ce混合水溶液中,还同时加入Al的可溶性盐,按最终产品(CuO+CeO2)∶Al2O3质量比为9∶1~1∶2的配比与Cu、Ce的可溶性盐混合,省略步骤(3)而其他步骤-样,得到催化剂粉体。
所述铜盐为硝酸铜Cu(NO3)2·6H2O,共沉淀法时还可采用硫酸铜CuSO4·5H2O或氯化铜CuCl2·2H2O。
所述铈盐为硝酸亚铈Ce(NO3)3·6H2O或硝酸铈铵Ce(NH4)2(NO3)6·2H2O,共沉淀法时还可采用硫酸铈Ce(SO4)2·4H2O或氯化亚铈CeCl3·7H2O。
所述氧化铝为高比表面γ-Al2O3(120~200m2/g),所述铝盐为硝酸铝Al(NO3)3·9H2O,共沉淀法时还可采用硫酸铝Al2(SO4)3·18H2O或氯化铝AlCl3。
本发明的有益效果是:采用廉价的非贵金属盐为原料,催化剂生产成本低;采用溶胶-凝胶法、共沉淀法等较为简单的催化剂制备工艺,反应过程容易控制,容易实现工业化生产;制得的CuO-CeO2-Al2O3催化剂能将颗粒物捕集器上收集的碳烟燃烧为CO2的温度大幅度降低,同时具有一定还原氮氧化物的能力,达到同时消除碳烟颗粒和氮氧化物的效果。该催化剂在经过空气气氛在800℃处理10小时后仍具有较大的比表面积,氧化铝起到阻止氧化铈和氧化铜晶粒长大的作用,能够在455℃将碳烟颗粒催化燃烧,并使NO的还原率达到34%,说明该催化剂具有较高的耐高温性能。
附图说明
图1为测试例1中CuCe-a和CuCeAl2-a催化剂的碳烟程序升温反应曲线。
具体实施方式
下面通过实施例更好地对本发明予以说明。
实施例1
采用溶胶-凝胶法制备5g铜铈铝催化剂(CuCeAl9)。在200ml的烧杯中加入约30ml去离子水,加入10.78g硝酸铈、0.68g硝酸铜和3.68g硝酸铝,搅拌溶解。往溶液中添加28g柠檬酸和0.8g聚乙二醇,混合均匀。在110℃对溶液持续加热搅拌直至蒸干,形成凝胶;之后在烘箱中120℃烘干。将得到的凝胶固体捣碎,研磨,在500℃下焙烧3小时,得到CuCeAl9催化剂粉体样。催化剂中Cu与Ce的摩尔比为1∶9,(CuO+CeO2)与Al2O3的质量比为9∶1。
实施例2
采用溶胶-凝胶法制备5g铜铈铝催化剂(CuCeAl2)。在200ml的烧杯中加入约30ml去离子水,加入7.99g硝酸亚铈和0.51g硝酸铜,搅拌溶解。往溶液中添加14g柠檬酸和0.4g聚乙二醇,混合均匀。加入1.67g活性γ-Al2O3粉末,剧烈搅拌,使γ-Al2O3均匀分散在溶液中形成悬浊液。在110℃对悬浊液持续加热搅拌直至蒸干,形成凝胶;之后在烘箱中120℃烘干。将得到的凝胶固体捣碎,研磨,在500℃下焙烧3小时,得到CuCeAl2催化剂粉体样。催化剂中Cu与Ce的摩尔比为1∶9,(CuO+CeO2)与Al2O3的质量比为2∶1。
实施例3
采用共沉淀法制备5g铜铈铝催化剂(CuCeAl1)。在200ml的烧杯中加入约30ml去离子水,取5.57g硫酸铈和0.61g硫酸铜,搅拌溶解。往溶液中添加浓氨水(25~28%)100ml,剧烈搅拌,沉淀。加入2.5g活性γ-Al2O3粉体,剧烈搅拌,使γ-Al2O3和沉淀物均匀分散在溶液中形成悬浊液。停止搅拌,静置24h,倒掉上层清液,抽滤,得到块状沉淀物,水洗3次,120℃烘干。将得到的沉淀物捣碎,研磨,在500℃下焙烧3小时,得到CuCeAl1催化剂粉体。催化剂中Cu与Ce的摩尔比为1∶9,(CuO+CeO2)与Al2O3的质量比为1∶1。
实施例4
采用共沉淀法制备5g铜铈铝催化剂。在200ml的烧杯中加入约30ml去离子水,取1.99g氯化亚铈、0.23g氯化铜和10.46g氯化铝,搅拌溶解。往溶液中添加浓氨水(25~28%)200ml,剧烈搅拌,沉淀完全。静置24h,倒掉上层清液,抽滤,得到块状沉淀物,水洗3次,120℃烘干。将得到的沉淀物捣碎,研磨,在500℃下焙烧3小时,得到CuO-CeO2-Al2O3催化剂粉体。催化剂中Cu与Ce的摩尔比为1∶4,(CuO+CeO2)与Al2O3的质量比为1∶4。
实施例5
采用溶胶-凝胶法制备5g铜铈铝催化剂(CuCeAl2)。在200ml的烧杯中加入约30ml去离子水,加入13.34g硝酸铈氨和0.36g硝酸铜,搅拌溶解。往溶液中添加20g柠檬酸和0.6g聚乙二醇,混合均匀。加入1.0g活性γ-Al2O3粉末,剧烈搅拌,使γ-Al2O3均匀分散在溶液中形成悬浊液。在110℃对悬浊液持续加热搅拌直至蒸干,形成凝胶;之后在烘箱中120℃烘干。将得到的凝胶固体捣碎,研磨,在500℃下焙烧3小时,得到CuO-CeO2-Al2O3催化剂粉体样。催化剂中Cu与Ce的摩尔比为1∶19,(CuO+CeO2)与Al2O3的质量比为4∶1。
比较例1
采用溶胶-凝胶法制备5g铜铈催化剂(CuCe)。在200ml的烧杯中加入约30ml去离子水,加入11.98g硝酸亚铈和0.76g硝酸铜,搅拌溶解。往溶液中添加21g柠檬酸和0.6g聚乙二醇,混合均匀。在110℃对溶液持续加热搅拌直至蒸干,形成凝胶;之后在烘箱中120℃烘干。将得到的凝胶固体捣碎,研磨,在500℃下焙烧3小时,得到CuCe催化剂粉体样。催化剂中Cu与Ce的摩尔比为1∶9。
测试例1
以实施例1、2、3中的CuCeAl9、CuCeAl2、CuCeAl1和比较例1的CuCe催化剂为例,在模拟柴油车尾气的气氛中进行催化剂-碳烟松散接触方式下的碳烟催化燃烧活性测试。具体测试程序:取100mg催化剂,与10mg碳烟(Printex-U,Degussa)混合后,采用药匙在研钵轻轻刮匀5min,将混合物装在石英管反应器中进行程序升温反应(TPR)实验。测试气氛为10%O2/N2或1000ppmNO/10%O2/N2,空速为40000h-1。
结果如表1所示,在没有一氧化氮的条件下,催化剂对碳烟燃烧的催化活性随Al2O3含量增加而下降;在有一氧化氮的气氛中,只有当Al2O3的含量增加到50wt.%时才有较明显的影响。当(CuO+CeO2)与Al2O3的质量比为2∶1时,催化剂表现出较高的同时还原氮氧化物活性,NO最大转化率接近40%。
测试例2
将实施例1、2、3中的CuCeAl9、CuCeAl2、CuCeAl1和比较例1的CuCe催化剂分别装在坩锅中,在电阻炉中800℃处理10小时,冷却后得到热处理后的催化剂样品,标记为“-a”后缀名。以CuCeAl9-a、CuCeAl2-a、CuCeAl1-a和CuCe-a催化剂为例,在模拟柴油车尾气的气氛中进行催化剂一碳烟松散接触方式下的碳烟催化燃烧活性测试。具体测试程序:取100mg催化剂,与10mg碳烟(Printex-U,Degussa)混合后,采用药匙在研钵轻轻刮匀5min,将混合物装在石英管反应器中进行程序升温反应(TPR)实验。测试气氛为10%O2/N2或1000ppmNO/10%O2/N2,空速为40000h-1。
结果如表2所示,在没有一氧化氮的条件下,由于不含Al2O3的CuCe-a催化剂比表面迅速下降,晶粒长大,对碳烟燃烧的催化活性明显下降;在有一氧化氮的气氛中,当(CuO+CeO2)与Al2O3的质量比为2∶1时,催化剂表现出较高的同时还原氮氧化物活性,NO最大转化率为34%。
表1新鲜催化剂对碳烟和氮氧化物同时脱除活性的影响
样品 | Soot Tm/℃(O2气氛) | Soot Tm/℃(NO+O2气氛) | NO Xm/%(NO+O2气氛) | 比表面(m2/g) |
CuCeCuCeAl9CuCeAl2CuCeAl1 | 480515545565 | 400405410440 | 27303925 | 6587111128 |
表2老化催化剂对碳烟和氮氧化物同时脱除活性的影响
样品 | Soot Tm/℃(O2气氛) | Soot Tm/℃(NO+O2气氛) | NO Xm%(NO+O2气氛) | 比表面(m2/g) |
CuCe-aCuCeAl9-aCuCeAl2-aCuCeAl1-a | 530545550555 | 475485455480 | 27263423 | 13257387 |
Claims (7)
1.一种同时脱除碳烟颗粒和氮氧化物的铜铈铝催化剂的制备方法,所述铜铈铝催化剂采用溶胶—凝胶法或共沉淀法制备,取适量Cu、Ce的可溶性盐,按摩尔比Cu∶Ce=1∶19~1∶4混合均匀,配制成离子浓度为1~1.5mol/L的铜铈混合水溶液;其特征在于,
(1)按溶胶—凝胶法时:向所得的铜铈混合水溶液中加入络合剂柠檬酸和造孔剂聚乙二醇,其中柠檬酸的克当量数为所有金属离子的克当量数之和的1.1~1.3倍;聚乙二醇添加量为柠檬酸用量的5~15wt%,搅拌得到溶液;或者
按共沉淀法时:向所得的铜铈混合水溶液中加入适量沉淀剂氨水和在铜铈混合水溶液采用Ce3+盐时加入氧化剂H2O2;在铜铈混合水溶液采用Ce4+盐时不加氧化剂H2O2,其氨水的添加量以保持最终溶液的pH值>10为准,H2O2添加量相当于亚铈离子摩尔含量的1.2倍,搅拌沉淀,得到悬浊液;
(2)向步骤(1)所得溶液或悬浊液中加入活性γ-Al2O3粉体,按最终产品(CuO+CeO2)∶Al2O3质量比为9∶1~1∶2配比,剧烈搅拌,使γ-Al2O3均匀分散在溶液中形成铜铈铝悬浊液;
(3)按溶胶-凝胶法时:对步骤(2)所得铜铈铝悬浊液在100~120℃进行持续加热搅拌,蒸干,形成凝胶;或者,按共沉淀法时,对步骤(2)所得铜铈铝悬浊液停止搅拌,静置24小时,倒掉上层清液,抽滤,得到块状沉淀物,水洗2~3次;
然后将所得凝胶或沉淀物于120℃烘干成为凝胶固体或烘干的沉淀物;
(4)将步骤(3)最终得到的凝胶固体或沉淀物捣碎,研磨,在500℃下焙烧3小时,得到催化剂粉体。
2.根据权利要求1所述同时脱除碳烟颗粒和氮氧化物的铜铈铝催化剂的制备方法,其特征在于,所述铜盐为硝酸铜Cu(NO3)2·6H2O。
3.根据权利要求1所述同时脱除碳烟颗粒和氮氧化物的铜铈铝催化剂的制备方法,其特征在于,在共沉淀法时所述铜盐为硫酸铜CuSO4·5H2O或氯化铜CuCl2·2H2O。
4.根据权利要求1所述同时脱除碳烟颗粒和氮氧化物的铜铈铝催化剂的制备方法,其特征在于,所述铈盐为硝酸亚铈Ce(NO3)3·6H2O或硝酸铈铵Ce(NH4)2(NO3)6·2H2O。
5.根据权利要求1所述同时脱除碳烟颗粒和氮氧化物的铜铈铝催化剂的制备方法,其特征在于,在共沉淀法时所述铈盐为硫酸铈Ce(SO4)2·4H2O或氯化亚铈CeCl3·7H2O。
6.根据权利要求1所述同时脱除碳烟颗粒和氮氧化物的铜铈铝催化剂的制备方法,其特征在于,所述氧化铝是比表面积为120~200m2/g的γ-Al2O3,所述铝盐为硝酸铝Al(NO3)3·9H2O。
7.根据权利要求1所述同时脱除碳烟颗粒和氮氧化物的铜铈铝催化剂的制备方法,其特征在于,所述氧化铝是比表面积为120~200m2/g的γ-Al2O3,在共沉淀法时所述铝盐为硫酸铝Al2(SO4)3·18H2O或氯化铝AlCl3。
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