CN101220834A - 制造混合复合轴颈轴承的方法 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明涉及制造具有金属壳体的混合复合轴颈轴承的方法。该方法包括:用盖子覆盖具有纤维塑坯和薄膜的加强单元的每一相对末端,并将加强单元放入金属壳体中,通过支撑单元固定加强单元在金属壳体中;注入压缩空气到该薄膜中,使得纤维塑坯与金属壳体内表面紧密接触;在加强单元中注入树脂,使得纤维塑坯被树脂注满;以及在薄膜中充入热空气来硬化注满树脂的纤维塑坯,然后从金属壳体上移去支撑单元和盖子,从而成型复合衬垫。本发明采用相对简单的树脂转移成型制造方法,简化了制造工艺,从而降低制造成本。
Description
本申请是申请日为2004年5月17日、申请号为200480018844.3的中国专利申请“混合复合轴颈轴承及其制造方法”的分案申请。
技术领域
本发明涉及轴颈轴承,特别涉及混合复合轴颈轴承(hybrid compositejournal bearing)的制造方法。
背景技术
图1是一个装配有使用油作为润滑剂的轴颈轴承的轴承系统的示意图。如图1所示,该轴承系统包括轴颈130和固定部分120。轴颈130的功能是传输动力,由轴承110支撑。轴承110固定在金属制造的固定部分120之上。这样,轴承110产生的热量就通过轴承110传输给固定部分120。当轴承110里面的润滑油温度升高,从而油的粘性降低,因此会导致润滑薄膜破裂。所以,为了防止油膜破裂,每一轴承110的导热能力是轴承的一个重要指标。
更进一步,当轴颈130开始或者停止转动时,没有足够的压力产生来保证润滑油膜支撑轴颈130,这样,产生边界润滑环境,也就是说,每一轴承110的一部分直接和轴颈130接触。当由于在边界润滑环境下,轴颈130和轴承直接接触而导致轴承110破裂或者被损坏时,轴颈130和轴承110之间的摩擦系数和相对硬度就作为轴承性能的一个重要因素而被考虑。当轴颈130在边界润滑环境下被驱动时,轴颈130的表面可能会由于轴颈130和轴承110之间的直接接触而被破坏。而且,润滑油的粘度由于轴颈130与每个轴承110之间的接触产生的热量而降低,每个轴承110的承载能力降低,这样每个轴承110就不同程度的黏附在轴颈130上,导致轴承110卡住轴颈130。同时,当每个轴承110承受过多的负载或者润滑油的粘度降低,油膜变薄,上面的问题就会产生。
这样,为了保护转动的轴颈130和减少由于轴颈130与每个轴承110之间摩擦产生的热量,每个轴承110必须使用相对与轴颈130硬度较低的材料,同时摩擦系数要低,高的热导效率。
目前,白合金作为轴承的衬垫材料被广泛使用。衬垫被碾压在有圆形截面的金属壳体内表面上。白合金是一种合金材料,包括锡、铅、锑、铜,以满足上面提到的轴承材料要求。但是,白合金存在下面的问题。首先,由于白合金是一种金属,白合金不容易黏附在金属造的轴颈上,因为轴颈轴承的白合金直接和轴颈接触,而温度升高。同时,当轴颈用非金属材料做成,例如复合材料,轴颈可能由于与白合金的相对硬度高,在轴颈与轴颈轴承摩擦时破裂或者损坏。
轴颈轴承也可以使用摩擦系数比较低和相对硬度也比较低的苯酚加固的玻璃纤维苯酚一体制造。但是,这样只使用复合材料制造的轴颈轴承会导致轴颈轴承的厚度增加。由于厚度的增加,在复合物加工过程中物理特性就会恶化,当轴颈轴承运转时,复合物会吸收润滑油,使得尺寸精度降低,从而导致轴颈轴承驱动不稳定。这样,轴颈轴承可能破裂或者损坏。更进一步的,在轴颈轴承运转过程中,复合物吸收润滑油,润滑油膜在轴承运转过程中被破坏或者变薄,这样轴颈轴承会被更严重的破坏。
发明内容
因此,本发明针对在现有技术中发生的上述问题,旨在提供一种制造混合复合轴颈轴承的方法,在具有圆形截面的金属壳体内表面上放置一层薄的具有低摩擦系数的复合衬垫,从而减少由于轴颈轴承与轴颈之间的摩擦而导致轴颈的破坏。
为了实现上述目的,本发明提供一种制造具有金属壳体的混合复合轴颈轴承的方法,该方法包括:用盖子覆盖具有纤维塑坯和薄膜的加强单元的每一相对末端,并将加强单元放入金属壳体中,通过支撑单元固定加强单元在金属壳体中;注入压缩空气到该薄膜中,使得纤维塑坯与金属壳体内表面紧密接触;在加强单元中注入树脂,使得纤维塑坯被树脂注满;以及在薄膜中充入热空气来硬化注满树脂的纤维塑坯,然后从金属壳体上移去支撑单元和盖子,从而成型复合衬垫。
本发明上述的方法还包括:连接真空泵至加强单元的内部,以在向薄膜中充入热空气时有效的排出加强单元内部的空气。
本发明采用相对简单的树脂转移成型方法制造混合复合轴颈轴承,与传统的采用在金属壳体上浇铸白和金或者使用厚的玻璃纤维增强苯酚复合物干涉配合相比,简化了制造工艺,从而降低制造成本。
附图说明
为了更清楚的理解本发明的目的、特性以及相关优点,通过以下附图进行更详细的说明,其中:
图1是配有传统轴颈轴承的轴承系统的示意图;
图2是本发明的第一实施例的混合复合轴颈轴承的透视图;
图3是根据图2的A-A剖面线的剖视图;
图4是第一个实施例的修改的混合复合轴颈轴承的剖视图;
图5是图2的混合复合轴颈轴承的制造方法的示意图,通过同步加工步骤;
图6是图2的混合复合轴颈轴承的制造方法的另一示意图,通过同步加工步骤;
图7是图2的混合复合轴颈轴承的制造方法的示意图,通过胶接处理步骤;
图8是图2的混合复合轴颈轴承的制造方法的示意图,通过树脂转移造型步骤;
图9是本发明的第二实施例的混合复合轴颈轴承的分解透视图;
图10是图9的混合复合轴颈轴承的剖视图。
具体实施方式
下面参考相应的附图,其中在不同的图形中使用相同的标号表示同一或类似的部件。
图2是本发明的第一实施例的混合复合轴颈轴承的透视图;图3是根据图2的A-A剖面线的剖视图;图4是第一个实施例的修改的混合复合轴颈轴承的剖视图。
如图2至图4所示,混合复合轴颈轴承210包括金属壳体211、复合衬垫212。金属壳体211的外表面固定在相关的轴颈轴承系统上,并具有一个圆形截面。复合衬垫碾压在金属壳体211的内表面,具有统一的厚度,从而尽量减少轴颈轴承210与轴承系统中的轴颈的摩擦。
金属壳体211固定在轴颈轴承系统的固定部分120上,固定方式和图1中的轴颈轴承110相同。没有必要要求金属壳体211的外表面需要和图2至4中的圆形一致,也就是说,金属壳体211的外表面的形状是无关紧要的,只要金属壳体211能固定在固定部分120上。但是,金属壳体211的内侧必须为一个圆形的截面,因为轴颈有一个圆形的交叉截面以保证其在金属壳体211内部转动。因此,传统的轴颈轴承的壳体可以用来代替本发明的金属壳体211。进一步的,作为优选的金属壳体211采用高热导效率的材料做成,比如铸铁、铝合金、巴氏合金等,这样保证轴颈转动时产生的热量能容易的传递给固定部分。
进一步的,关于复合材料的特性,复合衬垫211具有比传统的金属轴颈低的硬度,但具有与复合轴颈有相同的硬度。可以使用各种纤维或者树脂制造复合衬垫212。例如,复合衬垫212的材料可以选择包括碳化纤维和苯酚树脂的碳素纤维增强苯酚复合物(carbon fiber reinforced phenol composite),包括碳化纤维和环氧树脂的碳化纤维增强环氧复合物(carbon fiber reinforced epoxycomposite),包括环氧树脂和玻璃纤维的玻璃纤维增强环氧复合物(glass fiberreinforced epoxy composite),包括玻璃纤维和聚酯树脂的玻璃纤维增强聚酯复合物(glass fiber reinforced polyester composite)或其他。
在上面提到的复合材料中,作为优选的,复合衬垫212由包括碳化纤维和苯酚树脂的碳素纤维增强苯酚复合物做成。因为碳素纤维增强苯酚复合物包含具有优异的润滑性能的碳化纤维,碳素纤维增强苯酚复合物可以在轴颈和复合衬垫212的直接接触过程中减少轴颈的损伤。而且,碳化纤维比通用的玻璃纤维有更好的热导能力,这样碳化纤维能更有效的将轴颈转动过程中产生的热量从金属壳体211传递给轴承系统中的固定部分,提高轴颈轴承210的导热能力。
更好的,复合衬垫212采用相对较薄的厚度碾压在金属壳体的内表面。这样,衬垫212具有防止轴颈抓紧轴颈轴承210的功能。由于复合衬垫212比较薄,减少了昂贵的碳素纤维增强苯酚复合物的使用,从而降低了碳素纤维增强苯酚复合物的成本。进一步的,薄复合衬垫212防止了不必要的润滑油吸收,降低了尺寸变化。
这样,轴颈轴承210就由采用统一厚度的复合衬垫212依附在金属壳体211上组成。另一方面,按照本发明,轴颈轴承210的复合衬垫212可能具有锥形部分213,该锥形部分从复合衬垫212的内侧向外侧渐缩。这种复合衬垫212上的锥形部分213的形式在轴颈轴承210应用在大尺寸的轴颈上时,如轮船的轴颈,可能因为重力下沉的情况下尤其有效。由于轴颈的下沉,轴颈和轴颈轴承210之间的缝隙会该变化,同时,由于轴颈转动产生的压力分配也会改变。因而,当轴颈的下沉很大,复合衬垫212的相对的端面提供的锥形部份213考虑到轴颈的下沉,从而防止了在轴颈转动过程中由轴颈的下沉而导致的轴颈和复合衬垫212表面的直接接触。
进一步的,本发明的轴颈轴承210可以使用具有超强可塑性的白合金214碾压在金属壳体211的两端,如图4所示,这样,当大尺寸轴颈因为重力下沉时可以在轴颈轴承210的反方向产生一个变形。换句话说,复合衬垫212被碾压在金属壳体212的绝大部分内表面上,白合金214相对的被碾压在金属壳体子21 1的两个外端来代替两端的复合衬垫212。
上面所描述的混合复合轴颈轴承的制造方式将在下面进行详细的描述。
图5和图6示出了制造本发明的混合复合轴颈轴承的制造方法,采用同步加工的方法。如图5和图6所示,混合复合轴颈轴承210采用同步加工的方法制造而成。
如图5所示,使用具有不同碾压角度如0°或90°等的复合预浸料坯(composite prepreg)222包在覆盖有脱模剂的心轴224上面。接着,包有复合预浸料坯222的心轴224插入到金属壳体211中。接着,心轴224从金属壳体211中移出。然后,复合预浸料坯222和金属壳体211被包裹在一个真空包223中,这个真空包223紧密的接触复合预浸料坯222的内表面。然后,在真空包223的一侧抽取真空,使得复合预浸料坯222紧密的与金属壳体211的内表面接触。在这种状态下,金属壳体211被放在一个高压锅中,处理预定的时间,然后移去真空包223。通过这种方法,复合衬垫212就被碾压在金属壳体212的内表面上了,从而,本发明的混合复合轴颈轴承就成型了。
此外,如图6所示,具有不同碾压角度如0°或90°等的复合预浸料坯可以包裹在由高热导效率材料如硅橡胶制成的心轴225上。在这种情况下,心轴225包裹了一层脱模剂。然后,包裹有复合预浸料坯222的心轴225插入金属壳体211里。然后,内装有心轴225的金属壳体211被放进高压锅中,处理预定的时间。这时,心轴225由于受热膨胀使复合预浸料坯222紧密的结合在金属壳体211的内表面上。当该加工过程完成后,从高压锅中取出装有心轴225的金属壳体211,然后从金属壳体211中取出心轴225。这样,复合衬垫212就被碾压在金属壳体211上,从而,本发明的混合复合轴颈轴承就成型了。
图7示出了通过直接粘接方法制造本发明的混合复合轴颈轴承的方法。如图7所示,混合复合轴颈轴承可以通过粘接的方式加工而成。这里,当使用联合固化的方式加工混合复合轴颈轴承比较困难的时候,加工好的复合衬垫212可直接使用粘合剂226直接粘合在金属壳体211的内表面上,如图7,从而可以加工制造出混合复合轴颈轴承210。粘合剂226可以在环氧制剂中选择,环氧制剂包括人造橡胶、腈基丙烯酸酯粘合剂、聚亚安酯粘合剂等。
图8示出了通过树脂转移造型方法制造本发明的混合复合轴颈轴承的方法。如图8所示,混合复合轴颈轴承210可以通过树脂转移造型的方式制造。也就是说,本发明的轴颈轴承包括一个加强单元、盖子243,支撑单元245。加强单元包括一个纤维塑坯241和一个软薄膜242。在每个盖子243的预定部分设置一个空气入口244。支撑单元245支撑加强单元和盖子243紧靠金属壳体211,同时在每个支撑单元245上设置一个树脂入口246和空气出口247。详细的树脂转移造型制造混合复合轴颈轴承的方法如下所述。
首先,在两端都有纤维塑坯241和薄膜242的加强单元与盖子243密封连接。同时,在每个盖子243的外圆周上安装一个O-型环248,从而密封薄膜242与每一盖子243之间的缝隙。然后,加强单元放置在金属壳体211上,盖子243使用支撑单元固定在金属壳体211上。
接着,压缩空气从空气入口244被注入薄膜242中,这样,薄膜242与纤维塑坯241紧密接触,从而防止加强单元在被塞入金属壳体211里面的时候被弄皱或者扭曲。更进一步,通过提供的压缩空气,纤维塑坯241与金属壳体211的内表面紧密的接触。
然后,当薄膜242的压力被消除,树脂从预先设置的支撑单元245上提供的树脂注入口246注入纤维塑坯241中,这样,树脂就被注入了纤维塑坯241中。在这种情况下,通常采用苯酚树脂作为复合粘合物(matrix of composite)。为了减少树脂传送的压力,树脂在被注入纤维塑坯241之前可被加热到60℃以降低树脂的粘性。树脂注入纤维塑坯241以后,通过一个安装在加热器的压缩机为薄膜242提供热空气,从而使薄膜242加压。这样,加强单元紧密的接触金属壳体211的内侧表面,进一步的,纤维塑坯241中遗留的气泡从空气出口247中排出到外界,从而树脂逐渐硬化。同时,在空气出口247上连接一个真空泵用以产生真空,从而保证树脂平滑的注入纤维塑坯241中,并有效的从纤维塑坯241中排出气泡,保证树脂的高密度的注入。
这样,树脂在注入纤维塑坯241中后硬化,使得复合衬垫212在金属壳体211上成型。同时,支撑单元245和盖子243可以从金属壳体211上移去,这样,本发明的混合复合轴颈轴承210就成型了。同时,薄膜242在必要的情况下也可以被移除。
树脂转移造型处理制造轴颈轴承的方法可以用来修理或修复普通使用的轴颈轴承。例如,复合衬垫通过树脂转移造型方式成型在金属壳体内,不需要移动固定在诸如轮船的固定部分的轴颈轴承的金属壳体,这样,就有可能修复这类轴颈轴承因此,通过树脂转移造型方式制造的轴颈轴承适用在长期使用的大舰轴颈轴承的现场修理。
如图1所示,在前面描述的制造本发明的混合复合轴颈轴承210中,金属壳体211被固定在固定部分120上,轴颈130插入复合衬垫212中。这时,在复合衬垫212和轴颈130之间使用润滑油膜111。
在上面描述的混合复合轴颈轴承120的构造中,复合衬垫212被碾压在金属壳体211内表面,从而降低轴颈轴承210和轴颈233之间的摩擦,防止轴颈轴承210被轴颈233抓住。
图9是本发明第二个实施例的混合复合轴颈轴承的分解透视图,图10是图9的混合复合轴颈轴承的截面图。
如图9和10所示,当在轴颈轴承上黏附复合物比较困难时,可以在轴颈轴承所安装的轴颈上碾压复合预浸料坯,然后硬化,从而形成复合衬垫232。然后,复合衬垫232被放入金属壳体231,这样,混合复合轴颈轴承就成型了。这时,在复合衬垫232和金属壳体231之间使用润滑油膜234。
当使用图9和10所示的方法制造的混合复合轴颈轴承,轴颈轴承和轴颈233之间的摩擦系数降低,进一步的,避免了轴颈轴承和轴颈之间的抓紧。
工业应用
如上所述,本发明提供的混合复合轴颈轴承,在具有圆形截面的金属壳体内表面提供一个薄的复合衬垫,从而避免了由于金属或复合轴颈和轴颈轴承之间的摩擦而产生的轴颈的损坏或者抓住轴承。
进一步,本发明提供采用少量的贵重复合材料制造的混合复合轴颈轴承,从而得到极优异的原材料价格优势。
本发明提供一种混合复合轴颈轴承,其可以通过相对简单的方法制造,例如如同步法、粘接处理、树脂转移成型,与传统的采用在金属壳体上浇铸白和金或者使用厚的玻璃纤维增强苯酚复合物干涉配合相比,简化了制造工艺,从而降低制造成本。
同时,本发明一种混合复合轴颈轴承,其构造为在轴颈轴承损坏时,仅仅用新的替换旧的复合衬垫即可,从而便于维修。
尽管为了说明性的目的揭示了优选的实施例,所属技术领域人员可以意识到任何不违背伴随的权利要求的范围及精神的任何改造、增加或者替换是可能的。
Claims (2)
1.一种制造具有金属壳体的混合复合轴颈轴承的方法,其特征在于,该方法包括以下步骤:
用盖子覆盖具有纤维塑坯和薄膜的加强单元的每一相对末端,并将加强单元放入金属壳体中,通过支撑单元固定加强单元在金属壳体中;
注入压缩空气到该薄膜中,使得纤维塑坯与金属壳体内表面紧密接触;
在加强单元中注入树脂,使得纤维塑坯中被树脂注满;
在薄膜中充入热空气来硬化注满树脂的纤维塑坯,然后从金属壳体上移去支撑单元和盖子,从而成型复合衬垫。
2.根据权利要求1所述的制造具有金属壳体的混合复合轴颈轴承的方法,其特征在于,所述方法进一步包括以下步骤:
连接真空泵至加强单元的内部,以在向薄膜中充入热空气时有效的排出加强单元内部的空气。
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KR100707977B1 (ko) * | 2005-02-16 | 2007-04-16 | 한국과학기술원 | 수윤활식 하이브리드 복합재료 저널베어링 및 그 제조방법 |
DE102008035289A1 (de) * | 2008-07-29 | 2010-02-18 | Schaeffler Kg | Verfahren zur Herstellung einer Gleitlagerbuchse sowie Gleitlagerbuchse |
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US9255606B2 (en) | 2009-12-10 | 2016-02-09 | Hitachi, Ltd. | Slide bearing device and compressor |
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JP5579106B2 (ja) | 2011-03-03 | 2014-08-27 | Tpr株式会社 | 支持部材 |
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KR101411818B1 (ko) | 2012-11-30 | 2014-06-24 | 장활진 | 하이브리드 지진격리 장치 |
US20150055909A1 (en) * | 2013-08-21 | 2015-02-26 | Tru-Marine Pte Ltd | Refurbished bearing and method of repairing a bearing |
WO2015115409A1 (ja) * | 2014-01-31 | 2015-08-06 | 東レ株式会社 | 曲面摺動性ライナーおよび曲面摺動体 |
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2004
- 2004-04-29 KR KR1020040029757A patent/KR100612615B1/ko active IP Right Grant
- 2004-05-17 JP JP2006532045A patent/JP4247274B2/ja not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2004-05-17 EP EP04733495A patent/EP1629213B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2004-05-17 WO PCT/KR2004/001159 patent/WO2004105457A2/en active IP Right Grant
- 2004-05-17 ES ES04733495T patent/ES2297422T3/es not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2004-05-17 CN CN200710300828A patent/CN100585205C/zh not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2004-05-17 CN CN2007103008202A patent/CN101220834B/zh not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2004-05-17 DE DE602004010253T patent/DE602004010253T2/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2004-05-17 CN CNB2004800188443A patent/CN100412397C/zh not_active Expired - Fee Related
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2005
- 2005-11-15 US US11/274,046 patent/US7757403B1/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
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2010
- 2010-05-17 US US12/781,570 patent/US20100230037A1/en not_active Abandoned
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Cited By (8)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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CN105074245A (zh) * | 2013-02-21 | 2015-11-18 | 斗山英维高株式会社 | 双重结构的衬套及具备该衬套的轴承组装体 |
CN105074245B (zh) * | 2013-02-21 | 2017-08-11 | 斗山英维高株式会社 | 双重结构的衬套及具备该衬套的轴承组装体 |
CN104863964A (zh) * | 2015-04-15 | 2015-08-26 | 泉州市德源轴承实业有限公司 | 一种缠绕式滑动轴承的成型方法 |
CN104863964B (zh) * | 2015-04-15 | 2017-07-18 | 泉州市德源轴承实业有限公司 | 一种缠绕式滑动轴承的成型方法 |
CN105003525A (zh) * | 2015-07-17 | 2015-10-28 | 芜湖市汽车产业技术研究院有限公司 | 整体式金属-复合材料传动轴及其成型工艺 |
CN108884729A (zh) * | 2016-04-05 | 2018-11-23 | 韩国机动车技术研究所 | 凸轮轴装置及凸轮轴装置的制造方法 |
CN108884729B (zh) * | 2016-04-05 | 2020-11-06 | 韩国机动车技术研究所 | 凸轮轴装置及凸轮轴装置的制造方法 |
CN110789129A (zh) * | 2019-06-28 | 2020-02-14 | 东莞科威医疗器械有限公司 | 一种增强型医用插管及其制作方法 |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
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DE602004010253T2 (de) | 2008-09-25 |
US20100230037A1 (en) | 2010-09-16 |
ES2297422T3 (es) | 2008-05-01 |
CN101220835A (zh) | 2008-07-16 |
EP1629213B1 (en) | 2007-11-21 |
JP2007500834A (ja) | 2007-01-18 |
KR20040099122A (ko) | 2004-11-26 |
CN100412397C (zh) | 2008-08-20 |
CN101220834B (zh) | 2010-10-06 |
JP4247274B2 (ja) | 2009-04-02 |
US8028416B2 (en) | 2011-10-04 |
US7757403B1 (en) | 2010-07-20 |
WO2004105457A2 (en) | 2004-12-09 |
EP1629213A2 (en) | 2006-03-01 |
US20100218377A1 (en) | 2010-09-02 |
CN1816702A (zh) | 2006-08-09 |
KR100612615B1 (ko) | 2006-08-17 |
WO2004105457A3 (en) | 2005-02-10 |
CN100585205C (zh) | 2010-01-27 |
DE602004010253D1 (de) | 2008-01-03 |
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