CN1012201B - 涡旋式压缩机 - Google Patents

涡旋式压缩机

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Publication number
CN1012201B
CN1012201B CN88107947A CN88107947A CN1012201B CN 1012201 B CN1012201 B CN 1012201B CN 88107947 A CN88107947 A CN 88107947A CN 88107947 A CN88107947 A CN 88107947A CN 1012201 B CN1012201 B CN 1012201B
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Prior art keywords
compressor
crank pin
scroll
bent axle
plane
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Expired
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CN88107947A
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CN1034790A (zh
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约翰·保罗·埃尔森
史蒂芬·弗兰克·克兰普
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Copeland Corp LLC
Copeland LP
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Copeland Corp LLC
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Application filed by Copeland Corp LLC filed Critical Copeland Corp LLC
Publication of CN1034790A publication Critical patent/CN1034790A/zh
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
    • F04C—ROTARY-PISTON, OR OSCILLATING-PISTON, POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; ROTARY-PISTON, OR OSCILLATING-PISTON, POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT PUMPS
    • F04C18/00—Rotary-piston pumps specially adapted for elastic fluids
    • F04C18/02—Rotary-piston pumps specially adapted for elastic fluids of arcuate-engagement type, i.e. with circular translatory movement of co-operating members, each member having the same number of teeth or tooth-equivalents
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01C—ROTARY-PISTON OR OSCILLATING-PISTON MACHINES OR ENGINES
    • F01C21/00—Component parts, details or accessories not provided for in groups F01C1/00 - F01C20/00
    • F01C21/02—Arrangements of bearings
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01C—ROTARY-PISTON OR OSCILLATING-PISTON MACHINES OR ENGINES
    • F01C1/00—Rotary-piston machines or engines
    • F01C1/02—Rotary-piston machines or engines of arcuate-engagement type, i.e. with circular translatory movement of co-operating members, each member having the same number of teeth or tooth-equivalents
    • F01C1/0207—Rotary-piston machines or engines of arcuate-engagement type, i.e. with circular translatory movement of co-operating members, each member having the same number of teeth or tooth-equivalents both members having co-operating elements in spiral form
    • F01C1/0215—Rotary-piston machines or engines of arcuate-engagement type, i.e. with circular translatory movement of co-operating members, each member having the same number of teeth or tooth-equivalents both members having co-operating elements in spiral form where only one member is moving
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
    • F04C—ROTARY-PISTON, OR OSCILLATING-PISTON, POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; ROTARY-PISTON, OR OSCILLATING-PISTON, POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT PUMPS
    • F04C2240/00—Components
    • F04C2240/60—Shafts
    • F04C2240/601—Shaft flexion
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
    • F04C—ROTARY-PISTON, OR OSCILLATING-PISTON, POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; ROTARY-PISTON, OR OSCILLATING-PISTON, POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT PUMPS
    • F04C23/00—Combinations of two or more pumps, each being of rotary-piston or oscillating-piston type, specially adapted for elastic fluids; Pumping installations specially adapted for elastic fluids; Multi-stage pumps specially adapted for elastic fluids
    • F04C23/008—Hermetic pumps
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
    • F16C2360/00—Engines or pumps
    • F16C2360/42—Pumps with cylinders or pistons

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Rotary Pumps (AREA)
  • Compressor (AREA)

Abstract

一种涡旋式压缩机，它的曲轴上具有一个偏心曲柄销轴，它不转地装在驱动压缩机转动涡旋件的驱动轴衬的孔中。曲柄销轴上的一平面与该孔中的一平面驱动啮合。一平面与正常曲轴轴线成锐角，使得在正常负载下的曲轴弯曲，使平面间相互更好接触，减少了不希望的磨损。

Description

本发明涉及涡旋式机器，特别是具有改进的曲柄销轴驱动轴承的涡旋式压缩机。
普通类型的涡旋式压缩机由不转涡旋件和转动涡旋件所组成。涡旋件具有相互配合的螺旋叶片，一涡旋件的叶片的侧面与另一涡旋件叶片的侧面密封接触。叶片间形成了容纳运动流体的腔室，在一个涡旋件相对于另一涡旋件旋转时，腔室容积发生变化。
旋转运动一般是由轴向延伸的曲轴所提供，曲轴的靠近两端的轴颈是用枢轴支承的，以便在各自的压缩机轴承中回转。一般曲轴一端上有一偏心曲柄销轴，它配置在安装在转动涡旋件的轮毂上的驱动轴承中，曲柄的回转使转动涡旋件相对于不转涡旋件旋转运动。在径向柔性驱动时，曲柄销轴和轮毂轴承之间可设置轴衬。当负载增加时，由于惯性和被压缩气体作用力，曲轴相对于静止状态有偏斜或弯曲的倾向，导致偏心曲柄销轴与其轴承对不准，因此使其轴承内成点接触而不是线接触或面接触。这种负载是不希望有的，因为它阻碍了适当的润滑，而且使破坏性磨损的可能性明显增加。
本发明的目的是为了克服以上缺点而提供一种涡旋式机器，包括一个转动涡旋件，它具有一个形成枢轴的孔，以在回转轨道上驱动该涡旋件，一个与该转动涡旋件相配的不转涡旋件，一个轴向延伸的可回转的驱动曲柄，它的一端具有一个偏心曲柄销轴，以及一个驱动轴衬，它具有一个可容纳该曲柄销轴的轴向孔并可回转地装在该转动涡 旋件的枢轴孔中，所述的轴向孔和曲柄销轴具有相对的轴向延伸的平面所构成的啮合驱动面，该驱动面中的一个相对于该曲轴静止时的轴线在轴向长度上倾斜成一固定不变的角度，该角度的选取要使该曲柄销轴上的正常驱动负载所产生的曲轴弯曲将使该倾斜表面在其负载一侧比曲轴静止时更大程度上与另一驱动面相啮合。
因此本发明具有一种曲柄销轴轴承装置，它保证在所有正常运转状态下，在曲柄销轴和转动涡旋件之间设置的负载轴承全部表面至少是正常的线接触或面接触。本发明的装置优点在于消除了驱动件和被驱动件之间的点接触，附带减少了磨损而且减少了由于曲柄销轴的偏斜引起驱动轴承相对于转动涡旋件的倾斜的可能性。本发明装置的另一明显优点是减少了正常运转条件下的动力消耗。
其他的优点和特征从下列结合附图的说明中可明显看出。
图1是根据本发明的具有改进驱动轴承装置的涡旋式压缩机的垂直剖面局部视图。
图2是以夸张的形式表示在负载下涡旋压缩机曲轴发生偏斜的简图，体现了本发明的原理。
图3是本发明装置的驱动轴承的俯视图。
图4是仅仅画出驱动轴衬的沿图3中剖面线4-4的剖面图。
图5是仅仅画出驱动轴衬的沿图3中剖面线5-5的剖面图。
图6是以夸张的形式表示曲柄销轴和轴承在静止或停止状态时图1中的装置的一部分的放大左视图。
图7是以夸张的形式表示曲柄销轴在正常运转状态下图1中的装置的一部分的放大左视图。
图8说明本发明的另一实施例。
图9是一个类似图5的说明本发明另一实施例的视图。
虽然本发明的原理可以应用到由一端具有曲柄销轴的用枢轴支承的曲轴驱动的多种机器上，作为典型的应用实例，在此所公开的本发明，体现在特别适合于空调制冷压缩机和冷冻机的一种密封涡旋式压缩机10上。这种特殊类型的压缩机公开在本申请人1986年8月26日递交的申请号为899，003的美国专利申请，即名为《涡旋式机器》的尚在审理中的专利申请中。其公开的内容被参考写入本说明书。
涡旋式压缩机10包括一个在下端具有润滑油池（没有画出）的壳体12，一个垂直设置的曲轴14，它的两端可回转地分别用枢轴支承在上轴承16和辅助下轴承（没有特别画出）中;一个涡旋装置，它包括一个不转涡旋件20和一转动涡旋件22;一个用于驱动曲轴旋转的电机23;和一个偏心曲柄销轴24，它从曲轴上端伸出以驱动转动涡旋件。普通的供油通道26偏心地轴向穿过曲轴，使来自油池的油润滑机器的各部分。要更详细了解其结构，可参阅上述所提到的专利申请。
不转涡旋件20具有一涡旋环绕件28。转动涡旋件22包括一个端盘30，它具有圆柱形的轮毂32和一个涡旋环绕件36。圆柱形轮毂32具有一圆柱形的从端盘一侧向下延伸的轴承孔颈34，涡旋环绕件36直立在端盘另一侧，涡旋环绕件28和36用普通方式相互配合在一起。压缩机体38紧固在壳体上而且在止推面39上支承转动涡旋件22，它还包括一个环形腔40，可容纳轮毂32。
一个一般为圆柱形的驱动轴衬42（具有如上述提到的专利申请中所规定的径向柔度）为驱动转动涡旋件枢装在轮毂32中，该轴衬 具有外圆周48可回转地与孔颈34相配合，而且包括一平面50，一个轴向切口52，它与平面50轴向一致，以及一个中心孔54。中心孔54的横截面一般是圆形的和椭圆形的，而根据本发明包括一轴向驱动平面56。该平面位于斜置或相对于外圆周壁48的中心线倾斜成一小锐角“C”的平面上，而不是象公开在上面提到的专利申请中所设计的那样平行于外圆周壁48的中心线。曲柄销轴24在横截面上一般是圆柱形的而且具有一个适于与驱动平面56啮合的轴向驱动平面58。在曲柄销轴24的剩余部分和孔54之间有间隙，允许表面56和58相互滑动，以为驱动提供径向柔度。
应当懂得，倾斜平面也可设置在曲柄销轴平面58上，如图8所示。或使轴衬外径（即表面48）中心线相对于孔54的中心线和平面58稍微有所倾斜，如图9所示。
涡旋装置的润滑是由接受通道26来油并把油送到上轴承16的径向通道60和一个环形槽62提供的，该环形槽62通过压缩机体38中的通道（没有画出）接受通道26来油，润滑转动涡旋件的止推平面。此外，油还用油泵经通道26压到曲柄销轴的顶端，由于离心力油从该顶端径向向外甩出而且被收集到切口52中，油从此向下流进曲柄销轴24和孔54，孔34和平面50之间的间隙之中。
具有一对成锐角的驱动/被驱动平面的重要性参照图2、6、7最好理解。当压缩机达到正常运转状态时，曲柄销轴上的驱动负载，主要是由压缩气体所产生的并被表示为“L”的径向分离力产生的，它使曲轴产生如图上夸张表示的弯曲，由此曲轴的端部相对于静止状态时的被表示为“A”的正常中心线偏斜一锐角。在这种状态下，假若适当选择倾斜角，曲柄销轴平面58与轴衬平面56完全啮合，而 轴衬42能很好对准。角度“C”可以计算出来或通过从0°开始逐渐增加直至在所要求运行点压缩机动力消耗减至最小的办法，凭经验选择。通常它是一个十分小的角度，在对这一原理进行试验的压缩机中，它约为0.125°到0.50°。
不需要曲轴的主轴承作类似倾斜，虽然它们也有类似对不准的问题。因为它们两者是设置在更冷、更容易润滑的压缩机的部位上而且具有更大的支承面积。
很明显，尽管所公开的本发明的最佳实施例是经精确计算的，以达到上述优点;本发明还可做出变型、变化和变换，而不脱离所附权利要求书的适当范围或清楚的含义，这也是可以理解的。

Claims (5)

1、一种涡旋式压缩机，包括一个转动涡旋件，它具有一个形成枢轴的孔以在回转轨道上驱动该涡旋件，一个与该转动涡旋件相配的不转涡旋件，一个轴向延伸的可回转的驱动曲轴，它的一端具有一个偏心曲柄销轴，以及一个驱动轴衬，它具有一个可容纳该曲柄销轴的轴向孔并可回转地装在该转动涡旋件的枢轴孔中，其特征在于：所述的轴向孔和曲柄销轴具有相对的轴向延伸的平面所构成的啮合驱动面，该驱动面中的一个相对于该曲轴静止时的轴线在轴向长度上倾斜成一固定不变的角度，该角度的选取要使该曲柄销轴上的正常驱动负载所产生的曲轴弯曲将使该倾斜表面在其负载一侧比曲轴静止时更大程度上与另一驱动面相啮合。
2、如权利要求1所述的压缩机，其特征在于所述的角度范围是0.125°到0.500°。
3、如权利要求1或2所述的压缩机，其特征在于所述的倾斜面是在该驱动轴衬上。
4、如权利要求1或2所述的压缩机，其特征在于所述的倾斜面是在该曲柄销轴上。
5、如权利要求1所述的压缩机，其特征在于所述的角度选择为在特定负载状态的相应于该压缩机的最小功率消耗点。
CN88107947A 1987-11-20 1988-11-19 涡旋式压缩机 Expired CN1012201B (zh)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US123,184 1987-11-20
US07/123,184 US4836758A (en) 1987-11-20 1987-11-20 Scroll compressor with canted drive busing surface

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
CN1034790A CN1034790A (zh) 1989-08-16
CN1012201B true CN1012201B (zh) 1991-03-27

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US (1) US4836758A (zh)
EP (1) EP0317270B1 (zh)
JP (1) JP2821576B2 (zh)
KR (1) KR0122313B1 (zh)
CN (1) CN1012201B (zh)
AU (1) AU608661B2 (zh)
BR (1) BR8806055A (zh)
DE (1) DE3871089D1 (zh)
ES (1) ES2028753T3 (zh)
IN (1) IN170647B (zh)
MX (1) MX166472B (zh)
PH (1) PH25995A (zh)

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BR8806055A (pt) 1989-08-08
ES2028753T1 (es) 1992-07-16
CN1034790A (zh) 1989-08-16
EP0317270A3 (en) 1990-01-24
PH25995A (en) 1992-01-13
KR890008469A (ko) 1989-07-10
DE3871089D1 (de) 1992-06-17
JPH01159480A (ja) 1989-06-22
US4836758A (en) 1989-06-06
EP0317270B1 (en) 1992-05-13
JP2821576B2 (ja) 1998-11-05
AU608661B2 (en) 1991-04-11
MX166472B (es) 1993-01-12
EP0317270A2 (en) 1989-05-24
KR0122313B1 (ko) 1997-11-13
AU2470588A (en) 1989-05-25
ES2028753T3 (es) 1992-12-16
IN170647B (zh) 1992-04-25

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