CN101208097A - 用于治疗痤疮的方法 - Google Patents
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Abstract
提供一种用四环素类药物治疗痤疮的方法。使用较低的持续剂量并且没有负荷量,可选一天一次的给药方案。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及寻常痤疮的治疗,一般简单地称作″痤疮″。痤疮是一种皮肤疾病,该皮肤的毛囊皮脂腺样结构发炎,导致形成粉刺、脓疱和结节。在一些严重的病例中痤疮能够导致永久性疤痕。
背景技术
通常认为,毛囊皮脂腺样结构的完全或部分过度角化阻塞了该结构的开口而引发痤疮,导致产生了充满皮脂、角蛋白,和痤疮丙酸杆菌的粉刺。这些皮损一般定性为痤疮。痤疮丙酸杆菌天生地存在于正常皮肤内,但特别地和特征性地存在于痤疮皮损内。人们相信,位于毛囊皮脂腺样结构内的痤疮丙酸杆菌产生的代谢副产物和废物引起或促使痤疮皮损的发炎。
常规的痤疮治疗方法有许多形式。有时使用外用的角质层分离试剂,如水杨酸。认为角质层分离试剂促进被阻塞的毛囊皮脂腺样结构开放,因此减少了适于发炎的状况。使用抗菌的过氧化苯甲酰是流行的和有效的治疗方法。外用抗生素,如氯林可霉素,对痤疮丙酸杆菌是有效的,也被用于阻止该生物体新陈代谢副产物的生成。外用类维生素A如维甲酸也被用于治疗痤疮。
在更严重的病例中,痤疮的系统(即非表面的)治疗包括使用口服抗生素。这些治疗直接致力于减少皮肤内,特别是毛囊皮脂腺样结构内痤疮丙酸杆菌的量,并且设法减轻由于这些生物体产生的废物和新陈代谢副产物所引发的炎症。四环素类抗生素最普通地用于该目的。这些包括四环素、米诺环素和强力霉素。有时也使用红霉素。
用于儿科患者痤疮治疗的标准口服米诺环素疗法要求施用4mg/kg的初始负荷量,以及此后每12小时的2mg/kg剂量。这样的话,治疗的第一天的剂量为6mg/kg以及此后每天的剂量为4mg/kg。对于成人,200mg的首次剂量并且此后每12小时的剂量为100mg。对于典型的患者,这样导致在治疗的第一天的剂量为大约4.5mg/kg,并且此后每天的剂量为3.0mg/kg。
如果痤疮对口服抗生素治疗没有反应,有时使用口服的异维A酸。虽然有效,异维A酸也有强烈的致畸作用,并且当育龄妇女服用该药物时要求使用多种避孕方法。
口服的四环素类抗生素仍然是非常好的,并且被广泛用于治疗更严重的痤疮病例,但不是没有副作用。前庭副作用,包括极度眩晕并伴有恶心,会如此严重以致于能导致终止使用四环素疗法。长期使用有时能够导致阴道念珠菌病、食管糜烂以及抗生素抗性感染。
最近的一些研究已经表明,极低剂量的口服四环素即使因四环素的剂量太低而不具有抗生素作用,也能够产生对痤疮的一些改善。这样的观察结果已经被归因于四环素化合物的消炎作用。已报告观察到了这些作用,甚至在此使用没有抗生素特性的化学上已被修饰的四环素。使用由于太低剂量而不具有抗生素作用的四环素类抗生素或使用没有抗生素性质的已修饰四环素治疗痤疮,还从未被任何药物管理机构批准。
发明内容
根据本发明,提供了治疗痤疮的方法,其中提供了口服四环素如米诺环素的抗生有效剂量。该剂量大约为1毫克每公斤体重(1mg/kg),没有抗生素的初始负荷量。已发现该抗生素给药方案与包括显著的初始负荷量和更高的随后剂量的常规给药方案有相同的疗效。然而,本发明的剂量法产生更少得多的副作用。
本发明的另一方面,提供的口服四环素以剂量间抗生素连续释放的剂型提供,与药物的速释或几乎速释相反。
具体实施方式
根据本发明,通过使用口服的四环素类抗生素治疗寻常痤疮,优选的为米诺环素。施用该抗生素的抗生有效量每天大约为1.0毫克每公斤体重(1.0mg/kg/天)。这可以通过多次施用来实现,优选的是每日一次施用四环素类抗生素。该治疗方案初始没有负荷量,并且一直延续直到患者的痤疮消除或实质性消除。治疗的过程典型地持续12至高达60周,但要求患者的医疗服务提供者根据每个患者的疾病状况和其他医学状况,经一般的良好临床判断的实践进行调整。
采用对照,双盲研究确定本发明的有效性。根据本发明,473位痤疮患者接受治疗。给239位患者提供安慰剂。本发明治疗寻常痤疮的有效性示于表1。
表1
总皮损统计
总皮损数 | 总皮损数(基准的百分数) | |
基准(平均数) | 169.3 | 100 |
第28天(平均数) | 134.0 | 78 |
第56天(平均数) | 119.3 | 69 |
第84天(平均数) | 112.3 | 66 |
炎性皮损统计
炎性皮损数 | 炎性皮损数(基准的百分数) | |
基准(平均数) | 77.4 | 100 |
第28天(平均数) | 52.1 | 66 |
第56天(平均数) | 44.3 | 56 |
第84天(平均数) | 41.9 | 53 |
虽然对于治疗痤疮是有效的,与所观察的施用安慰剂的人相比,这结果几乎没有产生副作用,示于表2。
表2
不良事件患者的%
米诺环素 | 安慰剂 | |
至少一个不良事件 | 56.2 | 54.1 |
至少一个严重不良事件 | 0.4 | 0 |
血液/淋巴系统疾病 | 0.3 | 0.3 |
心脏疾病 | 0.3 | 0 |
耳科和眩晕疾病 | 3.6 | 3.3 |
内分泌紊乱 | 0.3 | 0 |
眼科疾病 | 2.2 | 2.7 |
胃肠道功能紊乱 | 21.2 | 26.1 |
全身紊乱和给药位点的状况 | 13.8 | 10.4 |
免疫系统紊乱 | 0.7 | 2.5 |
感染和侵染 | 9.3 | 11.0 |
血液检测异常 | 0.7 | 1.1 |
代谢和营养疾病 | 0.6 | 0.3 |
骨骼肌肉和结缔疾病 | 4.6 | 3.6 |
良性的、恶性的和不明确的肿瘤 | 0.1 | 0 |
神经系统紊乱 | 29.2 | 25.8 |
精神障碍 | 6.4 | 7.1 |
肾脏和泌尿功能障碍 | 0.3 | 0.5 |
生殖系统和乳腺疾病 | 0.7 | 0.3 |
呼吸系统、胸部和胸膈疾病 | 5.3 | 6.9 |
皮肤和皮下组织疾病 | 8.6 | 7.1 |
血管疾病 | 1.0 | 0.3 |
上述的功效数据经过与已公开的常规四环素治疗痤疮的有效性数据相比较可见本发明的有效性,减少了总的痤疮皮损数量并且减少了炎性皮损数量。参见,例如Hersel & Gisslen,″Minocycline in Acne Vulgaris:A Double BlindStudy,″Current Therapeutic Research,1976。
在临床实践中由于体重上的差异,在本发明的实际实践中并未实现对每个患者精确地提供1mg/kg/天的口服的四环素类抗生素。然而,尽管从0.7至1.3mg/kg/天是优选的并且1.0mg/kg/天是理想的,对患者提供0.5至1.5mg/kg/天的近似剂量是可以接受的。
虽然在一天的期间里分次提供口服的四环素类抗生素可能是有效的(例如一天两次或三次),但优选的是在一天的期间里以缓慢释放抗生素的剂型提供口服的四环素类抗生素,以便允许一天给药一次。虽然缓释剂型在本领域是已知的,它们的制剂还是远不能预见的并且特殊缓释制剂的选择更应通过试差法而不应通过基于缓释试剂的已知特性的数学预测来完成。到目前为止还没有已知的可用于本发明的缓释产品。
已经发现,在核心小胶囊内速溶载体与缓溶载体的比率是重要的,获得的溶出曲线可以与本发明的一天一次的剂量相一致。将这些组分的比率保持在一定的范围,可以获得这样的结果。
速溶的载体是任何粘合剂、介质,或可快速溶于水样生理介质如胃液的赋形剂,因此趋于快速释放活性成分。乳糖,它的盐和水合物是这类组分的好的实例。已经观察到,有时一部分速溶材料成分以导致这些速溶材料的完全或部分的封装胶囊或包含或包衣在缓溶物质的颗粒内的方式配制。这些被封装胶囊材料被排除在上述速溶组分与缓溶组分比率的计算之外。
缓溶载体是任何粘合剂、介质,或缓慢溶解需数小时并且可能为一天的过程的赋形剂,因此延缓了活性成分的释放。这样组分的实例是聚乙烯吡咯烷酮、聚醋酸乙烯酯,微晶纤维素、甲基纤维素、乙基纤维素、羟基丙基纤维素、羟丙基甲基纤维素,或者基于蜡质的或脂质的制片试剂如硬脂酸镁或硬脂酸钙。当计算上述比率时,外表的″肠溶″包衣被排除在外。
不溶的载体是粘合剂、介质,或在生理性液体如胃液内实际不溶的赋形剂,并且包括化合物,如二氧化硅和滑石。
虽然这些剂型的确切制剂能够变化,但已观察到以速溶载体与缓溶载体的比率从0.30至0.50,且优选的从0.35至0.45配制它们是有利的。大约0.36至0.40的比率是特别优选的。
通过现在的清单,适于所预料的一天一次给药方案的剂型如胶囊、片剂,以及小胶囊,在1小时内释放25至52%的抗生素,2小时内53至89%,以及4小时内至少90%。更优选的,1小时内释放30至52%的抗生素,2小时内53至84%,以及4小时内至少85%。
此外,口服的四环素抗生素可以以这样的剂型用药,以给药后大约3.5小时(Tmax)达到抗生素的最大血液浓度(Cmax)的方式释放抗生素。在本发明的实际操作中,施用后Cmax应该达到2.75和4.0之间,更优选的是给药后达到3.0和3.75之间。
作为这样的一天一次制剂的实例,可以按照以下描述:
135mg小胶囊
组分 | 含量(mg) |
米诺环素(盐酸盐形式)(干重) | 145.8 |
一水乳糖(颗粒内的) | 107.4 |
一水乳糖(颗粒外的) | 43.8 |
总的一水乳糖 | 151.2 |
HPMC | 94 |
二氧化硅 | 3 |
硬脂酸镁 | 6 |
145mg小胶囊
组分 | 含量(mg) |
米诺环素(盐酸盐形式)(干重) | 48.6 |
一水乳糖(颗粒内的) | 192.2 |
一水乳糖(颗粒外的) | 42.2 |
总的一水乳糖 | 234.40 |
HPMC | 108 |
二氧化硅 | 3 |
硬脂酸镁 | 6 |
这些组分的每一个均以常规的方式混合,在压片装置内压缩,然后经过常规的合适的包衣方式后供应,如,但不限于,欧巴代II以及可选择性的着色。
Claims (27)
1.一种治疗寻常痤疮的方法,包含步骤:
对患有寻常痤疮的人给予用量为从大约0.5到大约1.5mg每公斤体重的口服四环素类抗生素,其中口服的四环素类抗生素包含于药学上合适的给药系统内。
2.权利要求1的方法,其中口服四环素的量为从大约0.7到大约1.3mg每公斤体重。
3.权利要求1或2的方法,其中口服的四环素类抗生素没有以负荷量给药。
4.权利要求1或2的方法,其中口服的四环素类抗生素是米诺环素。
5.权利要求3的方法,其中口服的四环素是米诺环素。
6.权利要求4的方法,其中口服的四环素类抗生素的给药是一天一次。
7.权利要求5的方法,其中口服的四环素的给药是一天一次。
8.权利要求4的方法,其中给药系统释放口服的四环素类抗生素的速度为:
大约30至大约52% 在大约1小时内
大约53至大约84% 在大约2小时内,和
至少大约85% 在大约4小时内。
9.权利要求5的方法,其中给药系统释放口服的四环素类抗生素的速度为:
大约30至大约52% 在大约1小时内
大约53至大约84% 在大约2小时内,和
至少大约85% 在大约4小时内。
10.权利要求5的方法,其中给药系统释放口服的四环素类抗生素的速度为:
大约25至大约52% 在大约1小时内
大约53至大约89% 在大约2小时内,和
至少大约90% 在大约4小时内。
11.权利要求4的方法,其中给药系统释放口服的四环素类抗生素的速度为:
大约25至大约52% 大约1小时内
大约53至大约89% 大约2小时内,和
至少大约90% 大约4小时内。
12.权利要求5的方法,其中给药系统以给药后人血液内抗生素在大约2.75到大约4.0小时内达到Cmax的方式释放口服的四环素类抗生素。
13.权利要求12的方法,其中给药后在大约3.0至大约3.75小时内达到Cmax。
14.权利要求4的方法,其中给药系统以给药后人血液内抗生素在大约2.75到大约4.0小时内达到Cmax的方式释放口服的四环素类抗生素。
15.权利要求14的方法,其中给药后在大约3.0至大约3.75小时内达到Cmax。
16.权利要求5的方法,在给药系统内速溶载体与缓溶载体的比率为大约0.3至大约0.5。
17.权利要求5的方法,其中在给药系统内速溶载体与缓溶载体的比率为大约0.35至大约0.45。
18.权利要求5的方法,其中在给药系统内速溶载体与缓溶载体的比率为大约0.36至大约0.40。
19.权利要求4的方法,其中在缓释系统内速溶载体与缓溶载体的比率为大约0.3至大约0.5。
20.权利要求4的方法,其中在缓释系统内速溶载体与缓溶载体的比率为大约0.35至大约0.45。
21.权利要求4的方法,其中在缓释系统内缓溶载体与速溶载体的比率为大约0.36至大约0.40。
22.权利要求6的方法,其中在给药系统内速溶载体与缓溶载体的比率为大约0.3至大约0.5。
23.权利要求6的方法,其中在给药系统内速溶载体与缓溶载体的比率为大约0.35至大约0.45。
24.权利要求6的方法,其中在给药系统内速溶载体与缓溶载体的比率为大约0.36至大约0.40。
25.权利要求7的方法,其中在缓释系统内速溶载体与缓溶载体的比率为大约0.3至大约0.5。
26.权利要求7的方法,其中在缓释系统内速溶载体与缓溶载体的比率为大约0.35至大约0.45。
27.权利要求7的方法,其中在缓释系统内缓溶载体与速溶载体的比率为大约0.36至大约0.40。
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Cited By (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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CN111210890A (zh) * | 2020-02-14 | 2020-05-29 | 成都木老仁康软件信息有限公司 | 一种基于临床数据的抗凝药学监护管理方法 |
CN111210890B (zh) * | 2020-02-14 | 2023-06-16 | 成都木老仁康软件信息有限公司 | 一种基于临床数据的抗凝药学监护管理方法 |
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WO2007001961A2 (en) | 2007-01-04 |
JP2008543936A (ja) | 2008-12-04 |
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US20080182825A2 (en) | 2008-07-31 |
JP2013213047A (ja) | 2013-10-17 |
IL188331A0 (en) | 2008-08-07 |
US20080182827A2 (en) | 2008-07-31 |
CA2613273C (en) | 2015-12-08 |
US7919483B2 (en) | 2011-04-05 |
ZA200802064B (en) | 2009-09-30 |
US20070254855A1 (en) | 2007-11-01 |
US20070259039A1 (en) | 2007-11-08 |
WO2007001961A3 (en) | 2007-05-18 |
JP5744976B2 (ja) | 2015-07-08 |
US20080182826A2 (en) | 2008-07-31 |
AU2006262428B2 (en) | 2012-02-23 |
AU2006262428A1 (en) | 2007-01-04 |
US20080181945A2 (en) | 2008-07-31 |
EP1898925A2 (en) | 2008-03-19 |
EP1898925A4 (en) | 2009-07-29 |
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