CN101198899B - 液晶显示元件 - Google Patents

液晶显示元件 Download PDF

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CN101198899B
CN101198899B CN2006800200092A CN200680020009A CN101198899B CN 101198899 B CN101198899 B CN 101198899B CN 2006800200092 A CN2006800200092 A CN 2006800200092A CN 200680020009 A CN200680020009 A CN 200680020009A CN 101198899 B CN101198899 B CN 101198899B
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liquid crystal
polarizers
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CN101198899A (zh
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柴崎稔
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Tonbo Hong Kong Holdings Ltd
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    • G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour 
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    • G02F1/137—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour  based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells characterised by the electro-optical or magneto-optical effect, e.g. field-induced phase transition, orientation effect, guest-host interaction or dynamic scattering
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    • G02F1/1335—Structural association of cells with optical devices, e.g. polarisers or reflectors
    • G02F1/133528—Polarisers
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    • G02—OPTICS
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    • G02F1/133—Constructional arrangements; Operation of liquid crystal cells; Circuit arrangements
    • G02F1/1333—Constructional arrangements; Manufacturing methods
    • G02F1/1335—Structural association of cells with optical devices, e.g. polarisers or reflectors
    • G02F1/13363—Birefringent elements, e.g. for optical compensation
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
    • G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
    • G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour 
    • G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour  based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
    • G02F1/133—Constructional arrangements; Operation of liquid crystal cells; Circuit arrangements
    • G02F1/1333—Constructional arrangements; Manufacturing methods
    • G02F1/1335—Structural association of cells with optical devices, e.g. polarisers or reflectors
    • G02F1/133528—Polarisers
    • G02F1/133531—Polarisers characterised by the arrangement of polariser or analyser axes
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    • G02—OPTICS
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    • G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour  based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
    • G02F1/133—Constructional arrangements; Operation of liquid crystal cells; Circuit arrangements
    • G02F1/1333—Constructional arrangements; Manufacturing methods
    • G02F1/1335—Structural association of cells with optical devices, e.g. polarisers or reflectors
    • G02F1/13363—Birefringent elements, e.g. for optical compensation
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    • G02F2413/00—Indexing scheme related to G02F1/13363, i.e. to birefringent elements, e.g. for optical compensation, characterised by the number, position, orientation or value of the compensation plates
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Abstract

本发明提供一种构成简单且视角宽阔之液晶显示元件。其系层积轴角度α之第1偏光板、轴角度β之第1λ/2相位差板、轴角度γ之第1λ/4相位差板、夹持於2片基板之间且垂直配向之液晶层、与前述第1λ/4相位差板平行(轴角度γ)配置之第2λ/4相位差板、轴角度(2γ-β)之第2λ/2相位差板、及轴角度(π/2-α+2γ)之第2偏光板而构成。

Description

液晶显示元件
【发明所属之技术领域】
本发明系关於一种液晶显示元件、尤其系关於视角宽阔之液晶显示元件。
【先前技术】
液晶显示元件控制液晶之结晶方向来控制光之透过，故所取得的良好显示其视角范围并不一定宽阔。
作为为了取得良好视角之模式，应用著未施加电压时液晶分子垂直地排列、施加电压时变成水平之VA(Vertical Alignment)模式，例如在专利文献1中所展示者。该专利文献1中，展示在观察方向上之延迟(Retardation)(光路长)之差异因观看方向之不同而产生画面之差异，若延迟之视角依存性增大，则面板之视认性之视角特性亦会变差。
为解决与此种视角特性相关之问题，在专利文献1中，提出将偏光板及波长板等层积於液晶层上下之构造。亦即在专利文献1中，展示有透光型液晶显示元件，其揭示如系其概略剖面图之图6所示之，将偏光板(观察侧)1、λ/2相位差板2、λ/4相位差板3、两侧具有垂直配向之配向膜4a及4b之液晶层4、λ/4相位差板5、λ/2相位差板6、以及偏光板(背光侧)7从上向下按顺序层积配置之例，展示夹持液晶层并配置於对称位置上之2片λ/2相位差板、及2片λ/4相位差板，此等之迟相轴以正交之方式配置。
专利文献1：日本特开2002-350853号公报
发明欲解决之问题
在此种先前之构成中，由於同一波长之各相位差板之迟相轴正交，故从正面所视之对比度非常好。但是，观看方向即便稍许偏离正面而产生视角时，产生外观之位相差，视角特性不一定良好。
於广泛使用液晶显示元件之行动电话之情形，尤其是在欧美由於黑色之背景显示受到欢迎，故为了做得更黑，如图6所示，需要在液晶层4与位相板3、5之间设置补偿膜8、9。因需要该补偿膜，故材料费、制造步骤均增加，且成为使制造步骤变长之原因。
另外，即使在前述之构造中只追加了补偿膜，在由斜方向看时亦容易产生不是十分黑之问题。
【发明内容】
本发明系为解决上述问题而完成者，其目的在於提供一种构成简单且视角宽阔之液晶显示元件。
解决问题之方法
根据本发明提供之液晶显示元件，其系层积轴角度α之第1偏光板、轴角度β之第1λ/2相位差板、轴角度γ之第1λ/4相位差板、夹持於2片基板之间且垂直配向之液晶层、与前述第1λ/4相位差板平行(轴角度γ)配置之第2λ/4相位差板、轴角度(2γ-β)之第2λ/2相位差板、及轴角度(π/2-α+2γ)之第2偏光板而构成。
发明之效果
本发明之液晶显示元件，使每2片偏光板、λ/2相位差板、及λ/4相位差板之轴角度成为特殊之关系，尤其藉由平行地配置λ/4相位差板，可以在宽之角度范围内减少亮度变化。
【图式简单说明】
图1系显示本发明之液晶元件之实施形态之层构成之概略的剖面图。
图2系详细说明本发明之第1实施形态之层构成之立体图。
图3系详细说明本发明之第2实施形态之层构成之立体图。
图4系显示将第1及第2实施形态之效果与比较例相比较之曲线图。
图5系显示本发明之其它实施形态之液晶显示元件之概略构成的剖面图。
图6系显示先前技术之液晶显示元件之概略层积构成之剖面图。
【主要元件符号说明】
1，11，21，7，17，27            偏光板
2，12，22，6，16，26            λ/2相位差板
3，13，23，5，15，25            λ/4相位差板
4，14，24                       液晶层
4a，4b，14a，14b，24a，24b      配向膜
【实施方式】
下面，参照图式对本发明之实施形态进行详细说明。
图1系本发明之液晶元件之一实施形态之层构成之剖面图，在此与先前例同样将以透光型之液晶显示元件为例进行说明。
如图1所示，在本发明中，与前述之先前技术同样，具有从上面开始层积第1偏光板11，第1λ/2相位差板12，第1λ/4相位差板13，於两面具有配向层14a、14b之液晶层14，第2λ/4相位差板15，第2λ/2相位差板16，及第2之偏光板17之构成。
使用图2详细说明如上所述之层构成。图2中，亦显示有各层之迟相轴之轴角度。
首先，偏光板11对水平轴以α＝73°之轴角度配置。其次，λ/2相位差板12具有236nm之延迟，且具有β＝57°之轴角度。其次之λ/4相位差板13具有118nm之延迟，但为与水平轴平行(角度γ＝0π)。此等为右圆偏光之图像，因此作为R1图像。
在液晶层下设置有与上侧类似之层构成，但有几点不同。亦即其包含：第2λ/4相位差板15，其系在液晶层下具有118nm之延迟、且与水平轴平行(角度0)者；第2λ/2相位差板16，其系在上述相位差板15下具有236nm之延迟、且与第1λ/2相位差板具有符号不同之-57°之角度者；及第2偏光板17，其系在上述相位差板16下，具有17°角度者。此等为左圆偏光，且λ/2相位差板之迟相角与R1为共轭之关系，因此作为L2。
在此对各相位差板进行说明，可以以聚碳酸酯树脂、或冰片烯(R)(云母之一种)作为原材料，将制造之膜材料向一定方向拉拽，例如成为43微米之厚度来得到。
该实施形态中，2片λ/4相位差板之轴角度均为0，另外，如先前例一样未设置补偿膜。再者，2片λ/2相位差板为共轭关系，且2片λ/4相位差板之轴角度之合计为π/2(90°)。
并且，该实施形态中，第1λ/4相位差板13之轴角度γ为0，但在其非0之情形时，可以广义化成第2λ/4相位差板15轴角度为γ、第2λ/2相位差板16轴角度为2γ-β、第2偏光板17之轴角度为π/2-α+2β。
然後，参照图3，图中显示有本发明之第2之实施形态之液晶显示元件，且显示有与图2类似之层构成。
首先，第1偏光板21对水平轴以α＝17°之角度配置。因此，位於相反侧之第2偏光板27之轴角度为90-17＝73°。
其次，λ/2相位差板22具有236nm之延迟，且具有β＝-57°之角度。其次之λ/4相位差板23具有118nm之延迟，但与水平轴平行(角度π＝0°)配置。此等为右圆偏光之图像，与第1实施形态角度不同，因此作为R2图像。
液晶层24下设置有与上侧类似之层构成，但有几点不同。亦即其包含：第2λ/4相位差板25，其系在液晶层24下具有118nm之延迟、且与水平轴平行(角度0°)配置者；第2λ/2相位差板26，其系在上述相位差板25下具有236nm之延迟、且具有57°之角度者；及第2偏光板27，其系在上述相位差板16下，如前所述具有73°角度者。此等为左圆偏光，且λ/2相位差板之迟相角与R1为共轭之关系，因此作为L2。
此等实施形态中，2片λ/4相位差板之轴角度均为0，并且，如先前例一样未设置补偿膜。再者，2片λ/2相位差板为共轭关系，且2片λ/4相位差板之迟相轴角度之合计为π/2(90°)。
再者，在R1与L1、及R2与L2之各组合中，偏光板、λ/2相位差板均为共轭关系。
将各层之轴角度广义化之关系，与在第1实施形态中所说明了之关系相同。
另外，上述实施形态中，λ/4相位差板之迟相轴之轴角度γ为0，此系由於行动电话等为纵长画面。因此，在横长画面之情形时，最好使γ＝90°。
图4系显示此等第1及第2实施形态之效果之曲线图，系显示将视角固定为60°、且使方位旋转360°时之黑亮度之变化者。
图4(a)显示对应第1实施形态之R1与L2组合之情形，图4(b)显示对应第2实施形态之R2与L1组合之情形，最大光漏不超过10％。并且，即使将组合者之位置完全更换，亦可得到完全相同之结果。
另外，作为比较例，图4(c)显示R1与L1组合之情形，图4(d)显示R2与L2组合之情形。此等比较例中如前述由於各对应之相位差板位於共轭角形，因此与图1所说明之先前例是相同之构成。
从图4(c)及(d)可知最大光漏达到20％，藉由应用本发明，视角依存性减小。
其结果，不需要使用补偿膜，仅以先前所使用之相位差板(膜)之层积构成，即可得到视角特性良好之液晶显示元件。
图5系本发明之其它实施形态之液晶显示元件之概略构成之剖面图，其系在同一液晶显示元件内设置透光型之部分及反射型之部分者。在此所示之液晶显示元件中，液晶层作为反射型使用之一定厚度之部分，因尚要设置反射膜18，其厚度为作为透光型使用之部分之厚度之大约一半。
该实施形态中，藉由尤其在透光型之部分上应用图2或图3所说明之构成，可以得到视角依存性少之液晶显示元件。

Claims (5)

1.一种液晶显示元件，其系层积轴角度α之第1偏光板、轴角度β之第1λ/2相位差板、轴角度γ之第1λ/4相位差板、夹持於2片基板间且垂直配向之液晶层、与前述第1λ/4相位差板平行配置的轴角度γ之第2λ/4相位差板、轴角度2γ-β之第2λ/2相位差板、及轴角度π/2-α+2γ之第2偏光板而形成，
其中γ为0°或90°。
2.如请求项1之液晶显示元件，其中前述λ/2相位差板之延迟值，系前述λ/4相位差板之延迟值之2倍。
3.如请求项1或2之液晶显示元件，其中前述轴角度γ，在纵长画面之情形时为0°。
4.如请求项1或2之液晶显示元件，其中前述轴角度β为57±5°。
5.如请求项1或2之液晶显示元件，其中前述液晶层包含：用作反射型之一定厚度之部分；及用作透光型、且厚度为前述一定厚度之两倍厚度之部分。
CN2006800200092A 2005-06-10 2006-06-08 液晶显示元件 Expired - Fee Related CN101198899B (zh)

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