CN101171109A - 用有效剂浸渍木质纤维素材料的方法 - Google Patents
用有效剂浸渍木质纤维素材料的方法 Download PDFInfo
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- CN101171109A CN101171109A CNA2006800151166A CN200680015116A CN101171109A CN 101171109 A CN101171109 A CN 101171109A CN A2006800151166 A CNA2006800151166 A CN A2006800151166A CN 200680015116 A CN200680015116 A CN 200680015116A CN 101171109 A CN101171109 A CN 101171109A
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 37
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- 229960002675 xylitol Drugs 0.000 description 1
- BOXSVZNGTQTENJ-UHFFFAOYSA-L zinc dibutyldithiocarbamate Chemical compound [Zn+2].CCCCN(C([S-])=S)CCCC.CCCCN(C([S-])=S)CCCC BOXSVZNGTQTENJ-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 235000014692 zinc oxide Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- UQMZPFKLYHOJDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N zinc;cadmium(2+);disulfide Chemical compound [S-2].[S-2].[Zn+2].[Cd+2] UQMZPFKLYHOJDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- DRDVZXDWVBGGMH-UHFFFAOYSA-N zinc;sulfide Chemical compound [S-2].[Zn+2] DRDVZXDWVBGGMH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- AMHNZOICSMBGDH-UHFFFAOYSA-L zineb Chemical compound [Zn+2].[S-]C(=S)NCCNC([S-])=S AMHNZOICSMBGDH-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 239000002076 α-tocopherol Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000004835 α-tocopherol Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000011590 β-tocopherol Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000007680 β-tocopherol Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000002478 γ-tocopherol Substances 0.000 description 1
- QUEDXNHFTDJVIY-DQCZWYHMSA-N γ-tocopherol Chemical compound OC1=C(C)C(C)=C2O[C@@](CCC[C@H](C)CCC[C@H](C)CCCC(C)C)(C)CCC2=C1 QUEDXNHFTDJVIY-DQCZWYHMSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000002446 δ-tocopherol Substances 0.000 description 1
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Abstract
本发明涉及一种用有效剂浸渍木质纤维素材料,尤其是木材、木材料或用于生产木材的材料的方法。本发明还涉及一种包含有效剂的新组合物。所述方法包括如下步骤:a)用含至少一种溶解或分散形式的有效物质的流体制剂浸渍木质纤维素材料,b)在步骤a)期间或之后,用含至少一种可交联化合物的可硬化含水组合物浸渍所述材料,可交联化合物选自:α)低分子量化合物V,其具有至少两个式CH2OR的N键合基团,其中R=氢或C1-C4烷基,和/或桥接两个氮原子的1,2-双羟基乙烷-1,2-二基基团,β)化合物V的预缩合物和γ)化合物V与至少一种选自C1-C6链烷醇、C2-C6多元醇和低聚亚烷基二醇的醇的反应产物或混合物;以及c)在升高的温度下处理步骤b)中得到的材料。
Description
本发明涉及一种用有效物质(effect substances)浸渍木质纤维素材料,尤其是木材或木基材料或用于制备木基材料的材料的方法。本发明还涉及包含有效物质的新型组合物。
用有效物质如着色剂,以及用具有抗木材脱色或木材破坏性微生物的活性的有效物质浸渍木材早已熟知(例如参看E.-H.Pommer,“Wood-Wood Preservation”,尤其是第2章,Ullmann’s Encyclopedia of IndustrialChemistry中,CD-ROM第5版,Wiley-VCH,Weinheim,1997)。
DE 3621856公开了一种染色木材的方法,其中通过施加压力将含水着色制剂经由由木材体的面引入木材中。着色剂的输送尤其经由木材的维管束细胞而进行,借此在木材中产生人造颗粒。完全浸渍不能通过此方法实现。
DE 4316234公开了木材的渗透染色,其中木材首先用水润湿,然后借助加热施加压力而用含水着色溶液浸渍,随后进行几次洗涤操作降低温度。
然而,水溶性染料具有缺点:它们通过湿气作用,例如在气候影响下浸出。原则上,颜料的使用应产生溶液,这是由于这些为不溶解的,因此很少容易浸出。
申请公司自己的研究现已显示可能因为存在于浸渍制剂中的表面活性物质,本身不溶于水的有效物质,例如颜料也在水的作用下浸出,其在制备条件下保持在木材中。这不仅导致有效物质的损失,因此导致所需性能的下降,或者在着色剂的情况下导致较少的造型美观,还导致对环境的不利影响。
令人惊讶的是,现已发现如果用有效物质浸渍的木质纤维素材料或在用有效物质浸渍期间的木质纤维素材料用如下定义的可固化含水组合物浸渍,并且木质纤维素材料随后在升高的温度下处理以便产生固化,则可降低或甚至避免有效物质的浸出。
本发明因此涉及一种用有效物质浸渍木质纤维素材料的方法,其包括如下步骤:
a)用包含至少一种溶解或分散形式的有效物质的液体制剂浸渍木质纤维素材料,和
b)在步骤a)期间或之后,用包含至少一种可交联化合物的可固化含水组合物浸渍,可交联化合物选自:
α)低分子量化合物V,其具有至少两个式CH2OR的N键合基团,
其中R为氢或C1-C4烷基,和/或桥接两个氮原子的1,2-双羟基乙烷-1,2-二基基团,
β)化合物V的预缩合物和
γ)化合物V与至少一种选自C1-C6链烷醇、C2-C6多元醇和低聚亚烷基二醇的醇的反应产物或混合物;
c)在升高的温度下处理步骤b)中得到的材料。
本发明方法具有大量优点。它可用有效物质均匀浸渍木质纤维素材料,并且对于大规模材料,有效物质均匀分布在木质纤维素材料中。与用现有技术水平已知的有效物质处理的木质纤维素材料不同,有效物质在有机溶剂和/或湿气的作用下的渗出非常小程度地发生或者根本不发生。本发明因此还涉及可通过本发明方法而得到的木质纤维素材料。
与现有技术水平的许多方法相反,本发明方法适用于用有效物质浸渍任何纤维素材料,木质纤维素材料可以具有任何尺寸。本发明方法尤其适用于木材的浸渍。本发明方法使得细碎材料如纤维、木屑、木条(strand)、木片、刨花及类似物,或厚度为≤5mm,尤其是≤1mm的扁平薄材料如胶合板的浸渍,以及尤其是最小尺寸为大于1mm,尤其是>5mm,尤其是≥10mm的大尺寸部件的浸渍为可能的。就本发明方法,以及这些材料,以及大尺寸而言,在材料的整个横截面上实现用有效物质的均匀浸渍。
本发明方法尤其适用于木材或木基材料的浸渍,尤其是实木的浸渍。原则上所有木材类型为合适的,尤其是可吸收它们的干重的至少30%,尤其是至少50%水的那些,特别优选根据DIN-EN 350-2可浸渍性分级为1和2中的那些。这些例如包括针叶树木材,例如松树(松属)、云杉、花旗松、落叶松、石松、冷杉(冷杉属)、大冷杉、雪松和瑞士松,和落叶树的木材,例如槭树、银槭、刺槐、白泡花木(ayons)、桦树、梨树、山毛榉、橡树、赤杨、白杨、岑树、花楸树(wild service)、榛树、角树、樱桃树、栗子树、椴树、美洲胡桃树、白杨树、橄榄树、槐树、榆木、胡桃木、橡胶树、斑马木、柳树、平滑栎及类似物。已用可固化化合物浸渍和已固化的木材也适合。本发明的优点尤其用如下木材时显现:山毛榉、云杉、松树、白杨树、岑树和槭树。本发明的优选实施方案涉及用有效物质浸渍木材或木基材料,木材成分选自上述木材类型。
本发明方法还适用于浸渍除木材以外的其他纤维素木材,例如天然纤维材料,例如竹子、甘蔗渣、棉茎、黄麻、剑麻、秸秆、亚麻、椰子纤维、香蕉纤维、芦苇,例如芒草、苎麻、大麻、麻蕉、西班牙草(非洲蒲草)、米糠和软木。
这里和随后,术语“有效物质”包含赋予木质纤维素材料以未处理形式不显示或仅不完全显示的性能如色彩或对于氧化或UV辐射的改善稳定性,以及对木材破坏性微生物或昆虫的抵抗性的有机或无机材料。有效物质因此尤其为着色剂,包括染料和颜料,UV稳定剂、抗氧化剂、杀真菌剂和/或杀虫剂。
根据本发明,有效物质以包含溶解或分散或悬浮形式的有效物质的液体制剂的形式使用。有效物质的液体制剂可以为溶剂基或水基的,优选水基制剂。就这点而言,溶剂基意指组合物的液体组分基本包含,即基于液体组分至少60重量%的有机溶剂。就这点而言,水基意指组合物的液体组分基本包含,即基于液体组分至少60重量%,尤其是至少80重量%的水。根据本发明优选水基制剂。
为了实现将有效物质均匀浸渍入木质纤维素材料中,有利的是有效物质以粒度不大于2000nm,尤其是不大于1000nm的溶解或分散的形式存在于组合物,尤其是含水组合物中。
根据本发明的优选实施方案,步骤a)中所用的组合物为包含至少一种分散在水相中的颜料和/或一种平均粒度为50-2000nm,尤其是50-1000nm的分散的有效物质的水基组合物。
就这点而言,已证明有利的是组合物包含至少一种阴离子聚合分散剂。这种组合物在浸渍木质纤维素材料中的用途为新的,本发明同样涉及它。用这些组合物,不仅对细碎或薄材如胶合板,而且最小尺寸大于5mm,尤其是大于10mm的实木均实现特别均匀的染色。尤其达到>10mm或>20mm的渗入深度并因此达到甚至最小尺寸为40mm或更大的非常大面的均匀浸渍。
阴离子改性聚氨酯和单烯属不饱和单体的阴离子均聚物和共聚物适用作阴离子聚合分散剂。阴离子基团可以为磷酸根、膦酸根、羧酸根或磺酸根,这些基团也可以以酸的形式存在。如果酸基团以中性形式存在,则这些聚合物具有适合的平衡离子。典型的平衡离子为碱金属,例如钠、钾或锂以及铵或质子化伯胺、仲胺或叔胺的阳离子。
聚合阴离子分散剂的分子量通常为800-100 000道尔顿,尤其是1000-20 000道尔顿(数均分子量Mn),或1000-250 000,尤其是1800-100 000(重均分子量Mw)。
根据第一个优选实施方案,阴离子分散剂为单烯属不饱和羧酸的均聚物或共聚物,尤其是单烯属不饱和单羧酸和/或烯属不饱和二羧酸的均聚物或共聚物,其可额外包含共聚的中性乙烯基单体作为共聚单体,或其烷氧基化产物,包括盐。
包含羧基的单烯属不饱和单体的实例为:
-单羧酸,例如丙烯酸、甲基丙烯酸和巴豆酸;
-二羧酸,例如马来酸、马来酸酐、马来酸单酯、马来酸单酰胺、马来酸与二胺的反应产物,其可以被氧化以得到包含氧化胺基团的衍生物,以及富马酸;优选马来酸、马来酸酐和马来酸单酰胺。
适合的中性共聚单体尤其为单烯属不饱和中性单体,例如:
-乙烯基芳族化合物,例如苯乙烯、甲基苯乙烯和乙烯基甲苯;
-烯烃和二烯,例如乙烯、丙烯、异丁烯、二异丁烯和丁二烯;
-乙烯基醚,例如聚乙二醇单乙烯基醚和十八烷基乙烯基醚;
-线性或支化脂族单羧酸的乙烯基酯,例如乙酸乙烯酯、丙酸乙烯酯、月桂酸乙烯酯、硬脂酸乙烯酯和叔碳酸乙烯酯;
-单烯属不饱和单羧酸的烷基酯、环烷基酯和芳基酯,尤其是丙烯酸和甲基丙烯酸酯,例如(甲基)丙烯酸甲酯、乙酯、丙酯、异丙酯、丁酯、戊酯、己酯、2-乙基己酯、壬酯、月桂酯和羟基乙酯,以及(甲基)丙烯酸苯基酯、萘基酯和苄基酯;
-单烯属不饱和二羧酸的二烷基酯,例如马来酸和富马酸的二甲酯、二乙酯、二丙酯、二异丙酯、二丁酯、二戊酯、二己酯、二(2-乙基己基)酯、二壬酯、二月桂基酯和二(2-羟基乙基)酯;或乙烯基吡咯烷酮;
-丙烯腈和甲基丙烯腈,
苯乙烯、异丁烯、二异丁烯、丙烯酸酯和聚乙二醇单乙烯基醚为优选的共聚单体。
尤其可提到聚丙烯酸作为优选的均聚物的实例。
上述单体的共聚物可由两种或多种,尤其是三种不同单体构成。它们可以为无规共聚物、交替共聚物、嵌段共聚物和接枝共聚物。作为优选的共聚物,可提到苯乙烯/丙烯酸、丙烯酸/马来酸、丙烯酸/甲基丙烯酸、丁二烯/丙烯酸、异丁烯/马来酸、二异丁烯/马来酸和苯乙烯/马来酸共聚物,其在每种情况下可包含丙烯酸酯和/或马来酸酯作为额外的单体组分。
优选,非烷氧基化均聚物和共聚物的羧基至少部分以盐的形式存在,以便确保在水中的溶解性。碱金属盐,例如钠和钾盐,以及铵盐例如为适合的。
非烷氧基化分散剂通常具有1000-250000的平均分子量Mw(重均分子量)。特别适合于各个聚合物的分子量范围自然取决于其组成。对于各种聚合物,分子量详细资料例如下面所给出的:聚羧酸:900-250000的Mw;苯乙烯/丙烯酸共聚物:1000-50000的Mw;丙烯酸/甲基丙烯酸共聚物:1000-250000的Mw;丙烯酸/马来酸共聚物:2000-70000的Mw。
除这些均聚物和共聚物本身外,它们的烷氧基化产物也是适合的并优选作为阴离子聚合分散剂。这些应理解为包括以上所有用聚C2-C3亚烷基醚醇部分酯化的聚合物。这些聚合物的酯化度通常为30-80摩尔%。
聚C2-C3亚烷基醚醇本身,优选聚乙二醇和聚乙二醇/丙二醇,和它们的由端基在一端封端的衍生物,以上所有的相应单醚,例如单芳基醚,如单苯基醚,以及尤其是单C1-C26烷基醚,例如用脂肪醇醚化的乙二醇和丙二醇,以及例如可通过转化相应聚醚醇的端OH基团或通过氧化烯加聚到优选伯脂族胺上而制备的聚醚胺尤其适用于酯化。就这点而言,优选聚乙二醇、聚乙二醇单醚和聚醚胺。所用的聚醚醇及其衍生物的平均分子量Mn通常为200-10000。
这种阴离子表面活性添加剂同样已知且例如在名Sokalan(BASF),Joncryl(Johnson Polymer)、Alcosperse(Alco)、Geropon(Rhodia)、Good-Rite(Goodrich)、Neoresin(Avecia)、Orotan和Morez(Rohm &Haas)、Disperbyk(Byk)和Tegospers(Goldschmidt)下市售。
在另外的优选实施方案中,分散的有效物质的水基组合物包含至少一种基于水溶性或水分散性聚氨酯,尤其是基于聚醚氨酯的分散剂,其为非阴离子或阴离子改性的。这些应理解为包括多价异氰酸酯(I),例如二异氰酸酯或三异氰酸酯与与异氰酸酯反应的多官能,尤其是双官能化合物RI的水溶性或水分散性反应产物,这些化合物如果合适的话具有阴离子基团,尤其是羧基。水溶性/水分散性聚氨酯的分子量通常为1000-250000(重均分子量)。
二异氰酸酯尤其适合作为多价异氰酸酯I,这些二异氰酸酯也可与具有三个或四个异氰酸酯基团的化合物组合使用。
优选的化合物I的实例为:2,4-甲苯二异氰酸酯(2,4-TDI)、4,4’-二苯基甲烷二异氰酸酯(4,4’-MDI)、对二甲苯二异氰酸酯、1,4-二异氰酸根合苯、四甲基苯二亚甲基异氰酸酯(TMXDI)、2,4’-二苯基甲烷二异氰酸酯(2,4’-MDI)和三异氰酸根合甲苯,以及异氟尔酮二异氰酸酯(IPDI)、2-丁基-2-乙基五亚甲基二异氰酸酯、四亚甲基二异氰酸酯、六亚甲基二异氰酸酯、十二亚甲基二异氰酸酯、2,2-双(4-异氰酸根合环己基)丙烷、三甲基己烷二异氰酸酯、2-异氰酸根合丙基环己基异氰酸酯、2,4,4-和2,2,4-三甲基六亚甲基二异氰酸酯、2,4’-亚甲基双(环己烷)二异氰酸酯、顺-1,4-环己烷二异氰酸酯、反-1,4-环己烷二异氰酸酯和4-甲基-1,3-环己烷二异氰酸酯(H-TDI),以及它们的混合物。
所有具有至少两个与异氰酸酯基团反应形成键的官能团,例如羟基、伯氨基和SH基团的化合物原则上适于作为与异氰酸酯反应的有机化合物(RI)。优选的化合物RI每分子具有两个羟基。化合物RI也可与仅具有一个与异氰酸酯反应的基团,例如每分子一个羟基的化合物RI’组合使用。
化合物RI的实例为聚醚二醇、聚酯二醇、聚内酯二醇(内酯基聚酯二醇)、聚碳酸酯二醇、具有至多12个碳原子的二醇和三醇、二羟基羧酸、二羟基磺酸和二羟基膦酸。
适合的聚醚二醇例如为C2-C4氧化烯,例如氧化乙烯、氧化丙烯和氧化丁烯、四氢呋喃、氧化苯乙烯和/或表氯醇的均聚物和共聚物。优选的聚醚二醇为聚乙二醇、聚丙二醇、聚(氧化乙烯-共-氧化丙烯)、聚丁二醇和聚四氢呋喃。聚醚二醇的分子量Mn优选250-5000,特别优选500-2500。
适合的聚酯二醇尤其为二醇与二羧酸的OH封端的反应产物。适合的二羧酸的实例为优选具有3-12个碳原子的脂族二羧酸,例如琥珀酸、戊二酸、己二酸、辛二酸、壬二酸、癸二酸、1,12-十二烷二羧酸、马来酸、富马酸或衣康酸,以及芳族和环脂族二羧酸,例如邻苯二甲酸、间苯二甲酸、邻苯二甲酸酐、四氢邻苯二甲酸酐、六氢邻苯二甲酸酐、四氯邻苯二甲酸酐或内-亚甲基四氢邻苯二甲酸酐或对苯二甲酸。也可代替二羧酸使用它们的酯,尤其是它们的甲基酯,或它们的酐,例如马来酸酐、邻苯二甲酸酐、四氢邻苯二甲酸酐、六氢邻苯二甲酸酐、四氯邻苯二甲酸酐或内桥-亚甲基四氢邻苯二甲酸酐。适合的二醇尤其是饱和和不饱和脂族和环脂族二醇。特别优选的脂族α,ω-二醇为非支化的且具有2-12,尤其是2-8,最重要是2-4个碳原子。优选的环脂族二醇衍生于环己烷。特别适合的二醇的实例为:乙二醇、丙二醇、1,3-丙二醇、1,4-丁二醇、2-甲基丙烷-1,3二醇、1,5-戊二醇、新戊二醇、1,6-己二醇、1,8-辛二醇、1,10-癸二醇、1,12-十二烷二醇、顺-和反-丁-2-烯-1,4-二醇、2-丁炔-1,4-二醇和顺-和反-1,4-二(羟甲基)环己烷。聚酯二醇的分子量Mn优选300-5000。
作为对异氰酸酯呈反应性的化合物RI,适合的内酯基聚酯二醇为脂族饱和非支化的具有4-22个,优选4-8个碳原子的ω-羟基羧酸,优选例如γ-羟基丁酸与δ-羟基戊酸的反应产物。
上述二醇,尤其是饱和和不饱和脂族和环脂族二醇,有效的如上相同优选也适合作为对异氰酸酯呈反应性的化合物。
同样适合作为对异氰酸酯呈反应性的化合物RI为具有多于2个OH基团,尤其具有3-12个,特别是3-8个碳原子的多元醇,例如三醇。特别适合的三醇的实例为三羟甲基丙烷。
阴离子改性的聚氨酯自然具有上述阴离子基团,尤其是羧基。这种基团在制备期间借助对异氰酸酯呈反应性的化合物RI’而适合地掺入聚氨酯,其中化合物RI’额外具有至少一个阴离子基团。适合的这种类型的化合物为优选具有4-14个碳原子的二羟基羧酸,例如脂族饱和二羟基羧酸。这些二羟基羧酸的特别优选的实例为二羟甲基丙酸(DMPA)。此外,相应的二羟基磺酸和二羟基膦酸,例如2,3-二羟基丙烷膦酸为适合的。
将阴离子基团引入聚氨酯中也可通过使用与仅具有一个与异氰酸酯反应的基团和至少一个阴离子基团的与异氰酸酯反应的化合物而进行。尤其例如可提到脂族、环脂族、芳脂族或芳族单羟基羧酸和单羟基磺酸。
聚氨酯基分散剂通过化合物I、RI和如果合适的话RI’反应而制备,异氰酸酯基团与羟基的摩尔比通常为2∶1-1∶2,优选1.2∶1-1∶1.2。尤其,阴离子聚氨酯不具有游离异氰酸酯基团。
这种表面活性聚氨酯为已知的且例如在名BorchiGEN SN95(Borchers)下市售。
优选的分散的有效物质的含水制剂包含至少一种阴离子分散剂和/或一种聚氨酯。
对于分散有效物质的含水制剂,可有利地额外包含至少一种另外的表面活性物质。就这点而言,优选具有聚醚结构的阴离子、水溶性表面活性物质,尤其是具有一个或多个聚氧化乙烯基团的那些。对此适合的实例为C2-C4氧化烯的均聚物和共聚物,尤其是聚氧化乙烯、聚氧化丙烯、或聚(氧化乙烯-共-氧化丙烯),C2-C4氧化烯与氧化苯乙烯的共聚物,尤其是具有聚氧化丙烯和聚氧化乙烯嵌段的嵌段共聚物或具有聚(氧化苯乙烯)和聚氧化乙烯嵌段的嵌段共聚物,以及这些氧化烯的无规共聚物。
适合的还有聚C2-C4氧化烯,尤其是聚氧化乙烯、聚氧化丙烯和聚(氧化乙烯-共-氧化丙烯),其通过相应的C2-C4氧化烯与单官能或多官能引发剂,例如与饱和或不饱和脂族和芳族醇如苯酚或萘酚,其中在每种情况下,它们部分由烷基,尤其是C1-C12烷基,优选C4-C12或C1-C4烷基取代,饱和或不饱和的脂族和芳族胺,或饱和或不饱和的脂族羧酸和羧酰胺反应而制备。通常使用1-300摩尔,优选3-150摩尔氧化烯每摩尔引发剂。
就这点而言,适合的脂族醇通常包含6-26个碳原子,优选8-18个碳原子,且在结构上可以为非支化、支化或环状的。可例如提到辛醇、壬醇、癸醇、异癸醇、十一烷醇、十二烷醇、2-丁基辛醇、十三烷醇、异十三烷醇、十四烷醇、十五烷醇、十六烷醇(鲸蜡醇)、2-己基癸醇、十七烷醇、十八烷醇(硬脂醇)、2-庚基十一烷醇、2-辛基癸醇、2-壬基十三烷醇、2-癸基十四烷醇、油醇和9-十八烷醇,以及这些醇的混合物,例如C8/C10醇、C13/C15醇和C16/C18醇,和环戊醇和环己醇。特别重要的是通过脂类分解和还原而从天然原料得到的饱和和不饱和脂肪醇,以及羰基合成的合成脂肪醇。这些醇的氧化烯加合物通常具有200-5000的平均分子量Mn。
作为上述芳族醇,除未取代苯酚和α-和β-萘酚,例如可提到己基苯酚、庚基苯酚、辛基苯酚、壬基苯酚、异壬基苯酚、十一烷基苯酚、十二烷基苯酚、二丁基苯酚和三丁基苯酚和二壬基苯酚。
适合的脂族胺相应于上述脂族醇。优选具有14-20个碳原子的饱和和不饱和脂肪胺在这里也是特别重要的。作为芳族胺,可例如提到苯胺和它的衍生物。
优选包含14-20个碳原子的饱和和不饱和脂肪酸和氢化、部分氢化和非氢化树脂酸,以及多价羧酸,例如二羧酸如马来酸尤其适合作为脂族羧酸。
适合的羧酰胺衍生于这些羧酸。
除与单价胺和醇的氧化烯加合物外,与至少双官能胺和醇的氧化烯加合物非常特别重要。
尤其相应于式H2N-(R1-NR2)n-H(R1:C2-C6亚烷基;R2:氢或C1-C6烷基;n:1-5,n可以相同或不同)的二价至五价胺优选作为至少双官能胺。特别可例如提到:乙二胺、二亚乙基三胺、三亚乙基四胺、四亚乙基五胺、1,3-丙二胺、二亚丙基三胺、1,4,8-三氮杂辛烷、1,5,8,12-四氮杂十二烷、六亚甲基二胺、二六亚甲基三胺、1,6-双(3-氨基丙基氨基)己烷和N-甲基二亚丙基三胺和聚乙烯亚胺(BASF的Lupasol商标),特别优选六亚甲基二胺和二亚乙基三胺,非常特别优选乙二胺。
这些胺优选首先与氧化丙烯,随后与氧化乙烯反应。氧化乙烯在嵌段共聚物中的含量通常为约10-90重量%。
基于多价胺的嵌段共聚物通常具有1000-40000,优选1500-30000的平均分子量Mn。
二价至五价醇优选作为至少双官能醇。可例如提到C2-C6亚烷基二醇和相应的二亚烷基二醇和聚亚烷基二醇,例如乙二醇、1,2-和1,3-丙二醇、1,2-和1,4-丁二醇、1,6-己二醇、二丙二醇和聚乙二醇、丙三醇和季戊四醇,特别优选乙二醇和聚乙二醇,非常特别优选丙二醇和二丙二醇。
特别优选的至少双官能醇的氧化烯加合物具有中心聚氧化丙烯嵌段,因此起始于丙二醇或聚丙二醇,其首先与另外的氧化丙烯,然后与氧化乙烯反应。氧化乙烯在嵌段共聚物中的含量通常为10-90重量%。
基于多价醇的嵌段共聚物通常具有1000-20000,优选1000-15000的平均分子量Mn。这种氧化烯嵌段共聚物为已知的且例如在名Tetronic和Pluronic(BASF)下市售。
非离子表面活性物质还包括通常具有分子量(数均分子量)小于1500道尔顿,常常小于800道尔顿的低分子量物质,其随后也描述为非离子乳化剂。非离子乳化剂为本领域技术人员例如从Ullmann’s Encyclopedia ofIndustrial Chemistry,CD-ROM第5版,Wiley-VCH,Weinheim,1997,Emulsifiers,第7章中已知的。
非离子乳化剂的实例尤其是乙氧基化度为3-50,尤其是5-30的乙氧基化C8-C20链烷醇,以及乙氧基化度为3-50,尤其是5-30的乙氧基化C4-C20烷基酚。
另外,表面活性物质还包括更少量的低分子阴离子乳化剂。这些尤其包括基于C6-C20链烷醇、C4-C20烷基酚、乙氧基化C6-C20链烷醇和乙氧基化C4-C20烷基酚的酸性磷酸、膦酸、硫酸和/或磺酸酯,此外基于上述聚醚与磷酸、五氧化磷和膦酸或硫酸和磺酸的上述反应产物的乳化剂。就这点而言,聚醚转化成相应的磷酸单酯或二酯和膦酸酯或硫酸单酯和磺酸酯。这些酸性酯优选以水溶性盐的形式,尤其作为碱金属盐,重要的是钠盐和铵盐而存在;然而,它们也可以游离酸的形式使用。
优选的磷酸盐和膦酸盐重要的是衍生于烷氧基化,尤其是乙氧基化脂肪醇和羰基合成醇、烷基酚、脂肪胺、脂肪酸和树脂酸。优选的硫酸盐和磺酸盐尤其基于烷氧基化,重要的是乙氧基化脂肪醇、烷基苯酚和胺,以及多价胺,例如六亚甲基二胺。
这种阴离子表面活性添加剂为已知的且在名Nekal(BASF)、Tamol(BASF)、Crodafos(Croda)、Rhodafac(Rhodia)、Maphos(BASF)、Texapon(Cognis)、Empicol(Albright & Wilson)、Matexil(ICI)、Soprophor(Rhodia)和Lutensit(BASF)下市售。
上述聚合分散剂的含量通常占基于分散的固体,5-100重量%,尤其是基于分散的固体10-80重量%。
在本发明的第一个优选实施方案中,步骤a)中所用的组合物包含至少一种着色剂,尤其是颜料,如果合适的话与一种或多种额外的有效物质,尤其是可溶性染料组合。
适合的有机着色颜料的实例为:
-单偶氮颜料:C.I.颜料棕(Pigment Brown)25;
C.I.颜料橙(Pigment Orange)5、13、36、38、64和67;
C.I.颜料红(Pigment Red)1、2、3、4、5、8、9、12、17、22、23、31、48:1、48:2、48:3、48:4、49、49:1、51:1、52:1、52:2、53、53:1、53:3、57:1、58:2、58:4、63、112、146、148、170、175、184、185、187、191:1、208、210、245、247和251;
C.I.颜料黄(Pigment Yellow)1、3、62、65、73、74、97、120、151、154、168、181、183和191;
C.I.颜料紫(Pigment Violet)32;
-双偶氮颜料:C.I.颜料橙(Pigment Orange)16、34、44和72;
C.I.颜料红(Pigment Red)144、166、214、220、221和242;
C.I.颜料黄(Pigment Yellow)12、13、14、16、17、81、
83、106、113、126、127、155、174、176、180和188;
-双偶氮缩合颜料:C.I.颜料黄(Pigment Yellow)93、95和128;
C.I.颜料红(Pigment Red)144、166、214、220、242和262;
C.I.颜料棕(Pigment Brown)23和41;
-蒽嵌蒽醌颜料:C.I.颜料红(Pigment Red)168;
-蒽醌颜料:C.I.颜料黄(Pigment Yellow)147、177和199;
C.I.颜料紫(Pigment Violet)31;
-蒽素嘧啶颜料:C.I.颜料黄((Pigment Yellow)108;
-喹吖啶酮颜料:C.I.颜料橙(Pigment Orange)48和49;
C.I.颜料红(Pigment Red)122、202、206和209;
C.I.颜料紫(Pigment Violet)19;
-喹酞酮颜料:C.I.颜料黄(Pigment Yellow)138;
-二酮吡咯并吡咯颜料:C.I.颜料橙(Pigment Orange)71、73和81;
C.I.颜料红(Pigment Red)254、255、264、270和272;
-二嗪颜料:C.I.颜料紫(Pigment Violet)23和37;
C.I.颜料蓝(Pigment Blue)80;
-黄烷士林颜料:C.I.颜料黄(Pigment Yellow)24;
-阴丹士林颜料:C.I.颜料蓝(Pigment Blue)60和64;
-异吲哚啉颜料:C.I.颜料橙(Pigmente Orange)61和69;
C.I.颜料红(Pigment Red)260;
C.I.颜料黄(Pigment Yellow)139和185;
-异吲哚啉酮颜料:C.I.颜料黄(Pigment Yellow)109、110和173;
-异蒽酮紫颜料:C.I.颜料紫(Pigment Violet)31;
-金属络合物颜料:C.I.颜料红(Pigment Red)257;
C.I.颜料黄(Pigment Yellow)117、129、150、153和177;
C.I.颜料绿(Pigment Green)8;
-紫环酮颜料:C.I.颜料橙(Pigment Orange)43;
C.I.颜料红(Pigment Red)194;
-二萘嵌苯颜料:C.I.颜料黑(Pigment Black)31和32;
C.I.颜料红(Pigment Red)123、149、178、179、190和224;
C.I.颜料紫(Pigment Violet)29;
-酞菁颜料:C.I.颜料蓝(Pigment Blue)15、15:1、15:2、15:3、15:4、15:6和16;
C.I.颜料绿(Pigment Green)7和36;
-皮蒽酮颜料:C.I.颜料橙(Pigment Orange)51;
C.I.颜料红(Pigment Red)216;
-吡唑并喹唑酮颜料:C.I.颜料橙(Pigment Orange)67;
C.I.颜料红(Pigment Red)251;
-硫靛颜料:C.I.颜料红(Pigment Red)88和181;
C.I.颜料紫(Pigment Violet)38;
-三芳基碳颜料:C.I.颜料蓝(Pigment Blue)1、61和62;
C.I.颜料绿(Pigment Green)1;
C.I.颜料红(Pigment Red)81、81:1和169;
C.I.颜料紫(Pigment Violet)1、2、3和27;
-C.I.颜料黑(Pigment Black)1(苯胺黑);
-C.I.颜料黄((Pigment Yellow)101(醛连氮黄);
-C.I.颜料棕(Pigment Brown)22。
适合的无机着色颜料例如为:
-白色颜料:二氧化钛(C.I.颜料白(Pigment White)6)、锌白、含铅氧化锌、硫化锌、锌钡白;
-黑色颜料:氧化铁黑(C.I.颜料黑(Pigment Black)11)、铁锰黑、尖晶石黑(C.I.颜料黑(Pigment Black)27);碳黑(C.I.颜料黑(Pigment Black)7);
-彩色颜料:氧化铬,水合氧化铬绿,铬绿(C.I.颜料绿(Pigment Green)48),
钴绿(C.I.颜料绿(Pigment Green)50),群青绿;
钴蓝(C.I.颜料蓝(Pigment Blue)28和36,C.I.颜料蓝(PigmentBlue)72)、群青蓝、锰蓝;
群青紫,钴紫和锰紫;
氧化铁红(C.I.颜料红(Pigment Red)101),硫硒化镉(C.I.颜料红(Pigment Red)108)、硫化铈(C.I.颜料红(Pigment Red)265)、钼铬红(C.I.颜料红(Pigment Red)104)、群青红;
氧化铁棕(C.I.颜料棕(Pigment Brown)6和7)、混合棕、尖晶石和刚玉相(C.I.颜料棕(Pigment Brown)29、31、33、34、35、37、39和40)、金红石铬黄(C.I.颜料棕(Pigment Brown)24)、铬橙;
硫化铈(C.I.颜料橙(Pigment Orange)75);
氧化铁黄(C.I.颜料黄(Pigment Yellow)42),镍钛黄(C.I.颜料黄(Pigment Yellow)53,C.I.颜料黄(Pigment Yellow)157、158、159、160、161、162、163、164和189),铬钛黄,尖晶石相(C.I.颜料黄(Pigment Yellow)119),硫化镉和硫化镉锌(C.I.颜料黄(Pigment Yellow)37和35),铬黄(C.I.颜料黄(Pigment Yellow)34),钒酸铋(C.I.颜料黄(Pigment Yellow)184)。
优选的染料为可溶于水或可溶于与水溶混或溶于水的有机溶剂中的那些。如果颜料和染料一起使用,则它们优选显示每次可比的色调,这是因为这样可达到木质纤维素材料的特别丰富的色彩。然而,柔软染料也可用于该色调,其可使色彩有细微变化。阳离子和阴离子染料尤其适合。
适合的阳离子染料尤其源于二和三芳基甲烷、呫吨、偶氮、花青、氮杂菁、甲川、吖啶、藏红、嗪、对氮蒽蓝、苯胺黑和吩嗪系列,优选来自偶氮、三芳基甲烷和呫吨系列的染料。可列出的具体实例为:C.I.碱性黄(Basic Yellow)1、2和37,C.I.碱性橙(Basic Orange)2,C.I.碱性红(Basic Red)1和108,C.I.碱性蓝(Basic Blue)1、7和26,C.I.碱性紫(BasicViolet)1、3、4、10、11和49,C.I.碱性绿(Basic Green)1和4,C.I.碱性棕(Basic Brown)1和4。阳离子染料(B)也可以为包含外部碱性基团的着色剂。就这点而言,适合的实例为C.I.碱性蓝(Basic Blue)15和161。作为阳离子染料(B),可使用在酸性增溶剂存在下的相应染料碱。例如可提到:C.I.溶剂黄(Solvent Yellow)34、C.I.溶剂橙(Solvent Orange)3、C.I.溶剂红(Solvent Red)49、C.I.溶剂紫(Solvent Violet)8和9、C.I.溶剂蓝(SolventBlue)2和4、C.I.溶剂黑(Solvent Black)7。
适合的阴离子染料尤其为来自偶氮、蒽醌、金属络合物、三芳基甲烷、呫吨和芪系列的包含磺酸基团的化合物,优选来自三芳基甲烷、偶氮和金属络合物(重要的是铜、铬和钴络合物)系列的染料。可提到的具体实例为:C.I.酸性黄(Acid Yellow)3、19、36和204,C.I.酸性橙(Acid Orange)7、8和142,C.I.酸性红(Acid Red)52、88、351和357,C.I.酸性紫(Acid Violet)17和90,C.I.酸性蓝(Acid Blue)9、193和199,C.I.酸性黑(Acid Black)194,阴离子铬络合物染料,如C.I.酸性紫(Acid Violet)46、56、58和65,C.I.酸性黄(Acid Yellow)59,C.I.酸性橙(Acid Orange)44、74和92,C.I.酸性红(Acid Red)195,C.I.酸性棕(Acid Brown)355和C.I.酸性黑(Acid Black)52,阴离子钴络合物染料,如C.I.酸性黄(Acid Yellow)119和204,C.I.直接红(Direct Red)80和81。
优选水溶性染料。
UV吸收剂、抗氧化剂和/或稳定剂也可用作有效物质。UV吸收剂的实例为来自下列组a)至g)的化合物。稳定剂的实例为来自下列组i)至q)的化合物:
a)4,4-二芳基丁二烯,
b)肉桂酸盐,
c)苯并三唑,
d)羟基二苯甲酮,
e)二苯基氰基丙烯酸酯,
f)草酰胺,
g)2-苯基-1,3,5-三嗪,
h)抗氧化剂,
i)位阻胺,
j)金属钝化剂,
k)亚磷酸酯和亚膦酸酯,
l)羟胺,
m)硝酮,
n)氧化胺,
o)苯并呋喃酮和吲哚啉酮,
p)硫代协合剂,
q)过氧化物破坏性化合物。
4,4-二芳基丁二烯组a)例如包括式A的化合物:
这些化合物由EP-A-916 335中已知。R10和/或R11取代基优选代表C1-C8烷基和C5-C8环烷基。
肉桂酸酯组b)例如包括4-甲氧基肉桂酸2-异戊基酯、4-甲氧基肉桂酸2-乙基己基酯、α-(甲氧基羰基)肉桂酸甲酯、α-氰基-β-甲基-对甲氧基肉桂酸甲酯、α-氰基-β-甲基-对甲氧基肉桂酸丁酯和α-(甲氧基羰基)-对甲氧基肉桂酸甲酯。
苯并三唑组c)例如包括2-(2′-羟基苯基)苯并三唑,例如2-(2′-羟基-5′-甲基苯基)苯并三唑、2-(3′,5′-二(叔丁基)-2′-羟基苯基)苯并三唑、2-(5′-(叔丁基)-2′-羟基苯基)苯并三唑、2-(2′-羟基-5′-(1,1,3,3-四甲基丁基)苯基)苯并三唑、2-(3′,5′-二(叔丁基)-2′-羟基苯基)-5-氯苯并三唑、2-(3′-(叔丁基)-2′-羟基-5′-甲基苯基)-5-氯苯并三唑、2-(3′-(仲丁基)-5′-(叔丁基)-2′-羟基苯基)苯并三唑、2-(2′-羟基-4′-辛基氧基苯基)苯并三唑、2-(3′,5′-二(叔戊基)-2′-羟基苯基)苯并三唑、2-(3′,5′-双(α,α-二甲基苄基)-2′-羟基苯基)苯并三唑、2-(3′-(叔丁基)-2′-羟基-5′-(2-辛基氧基羰基乙基)苯基)-5-氯苯并三唑、2-(3′-(叔丁基)-5′-[2-(2-乙基己基氧基羰基)乙基]-2′-羟基苯基)-5-氯苯并三唑、2-(3′-(叔丁基)-2′-羟基-5′-(2-甲氧基羰基乙基)苯基)-5-氯苯并三唑、2-(3′-(叔丁基)-2′-羟基-5′-(2-甲氧基羰基乙基)苯基)苯并三唑、2-(3′-(叔丁基)-2′-羟基-5′-(2-辛基氧基羰基乙基)苯基)苯并三唑、2-(3′-(叔丁基)-5′-[2-(2-乙基己氧基)羰基乙基]-2′-羟基苯基)苯并三唑、2-(3′-十二烷基-2′-羟基-5′-甲基苯基)苯并三唑和2-(3′-(叔丁基)-2′-羟基-5′-(2-异辛基氧基羰基乙基)苯基)苯并三唑、2,2′-亚甲基双[4-(1,1,3,3-四甲基丁基)-6-(苯并三唑-2-基)苯酚]、2-[3′-(叔丁基)-5′-(2-甲氧基羰基乙基)-2′-羟基苯基]-2H-苯并三唑与聚乙二醇300的酯化产物,[R-CH2CH2-COO(CH2)3]2,其中R=3′-(叔丁基)-4′-羟基-5′-(2H-苯并三唑-2-基)苯基,及其混合物。
羟基二苯甲酮组d)例如包括2-羟基二苯甲酮,例如2-羟基-4-甲氧基二苯甲酮、2,2′-二羟基-4-甲氧基二苯甲酮、2,4-二羟基二苯甲酮、2,2′,4,4′-四羟基二苯甲酮、2,2′-二羟基-4,4′-二甲氧基二苯甲酮、2,2′-二羟基-4,4′-二甲氧基二苯甲酮、2-羟基-4-(2-乙基己基氧基)二苯甲酮、2-羟基-4-(正辛基氧基)二苯甲酮、2-羟基-4-甲氧基-4′-甲基二苯甲酮、2-羟基-3-羧基二苯甲酮、2-羟基-4-甲氧基二苯甲酮-5-磺酸和它的钠盐,以及2,2′-二羟基-4,4′-二甲氧基二苯甲酮-5,5′-二磺酸和它的钠盐。
二苯基氰基丙烯酸酯组e)例如包括2-氰基-3,3-二苯基丙烯酸乙酯,其例如在来自BASF AG,Ludwigshafen的名Uvinul下市售,2-氰基-3,3-二苯基丙烯酸2-乙基己酯,其例如作为来自BASF AG,Ludwigshafen的Uvinul3039市售,以及1,3-双[(2′-氰基-3′,3′-二苯基丙烯酰)氧基]-2,2-双{[(2′-氰基-3′,3′-二苯基丙烯酰)氧基]甲基}丙烷,其例如在来自BASF AG,Ludwigshafen的名Uvinul3030下市售。
草酰胺组f)例如包括4,4′-二辛基氧基草酰替苯胺、2,2′-二乙氧基草酰替苯胺、2,2′-二辛基氧基-5,5′-二(叔丁基)草酰替苯胺、2,2′-二十二烷基氧基-5,5′-二(叔丁基)草酰替苯胺、2-乙氧基-2′-乙基草酰替苯胺、N,N′-双(3-二甲基氨基丙基)草酰胺、2-乙氧基-5-(叔丁基)-2′-乙基草酰替苯胺和它与2-乙氧基-2′-乙基-5,4′-二(叔丁基)草酰替苯胺的混合物,以及邻-和对甲氧基二取代的草酰替苯胺混合物和邻-和对乙氧基二取代的草酰替苯胺混合物。
2-苯基-1,3,5-三嗪组g)例如包括2-(2-羟基苯基)-1,3,5-三嗪,例如2,4,6-三(2-羟基-4-辛基氧基苯基)-1,3,5-三嗪、2-(2-羟基-4-辛基氧基苯基)-4,6-双(2,4-二甲基苯基)-1,3,5-三嗪、2-(2,4-二羟基苯基)-4,6-双(2,4-二甲基苯基)-1,3,5-三嗪、2,4-双(2-羟基-4-丙氧基苯基)-6-(2,4-二甲基苯基)-1,3,5-三嗪、2-(2-羟基-4-辛基氧基苯基)-4,6-双(4-甲基苯基)-1,3,5-三嗪、2-(2-羟基-4-十二烷基氧基苯基)-4,6-双(2,4-二甲基苯基)-1,3,5-三嗪、2-(2-羟基-4-十三烷基氧基苯基)-4,6-双(2,4-二甲基苯基)-1,3,5-三嗪、2-[2-羟基-4-(2-羟基-3-(丁氧基)丙氧基)苯基]-4,6-双(2,4-二甲基苯基)-1,3,5-三嗪、2-[2-羟基-4-(2-羟基-3-(辛基氧基)丙氧基)苯基]-4,6-双(2,4-二甲基苯基)-1,3,5-三嗪、2-[4-(十二烷基氧基/十三烷基氧基-2-羟基丙氧基)-2-羟基苯基]-4,6-双(2,4-二甲基苯基)-1,3,5-三嗪、2-[2-羟基-4-(2-羟基-3-(十二烷基氧基)丙氧基)苯基]-4,6-双(2,4-二甲基苯基)-1,3,5-三嗪、2-(2-羟基-4-己基氧基苯基)-4,6-二苯基-1,3,5-三嗪、2-(2-羟基-4-甲氧基苯基)-4,6-二苯基-1,3,5-三嗪、2,4,6-三[2-羟基-4-(3-丁氧基-2-羟基丙氧基)苯基]-1,3,5-三嗪和2-(2-羟基苯基)-4-(4-甲氧基苯基)-6-苯基-1,3,5-三嗪。
抗氧化剂组h)例如包含:烷基化单酚,例如2,6-二(叔丁基)-4-甲基酚、2-(叔丁基)-4,6-二甲基酚、2,6-二(叔丁基)-4-乙基酚、2,6-二(叔丁基)-4-(正丁基)酚、2,6-二(叔丁基)-4-异丁基酚、2,6-二环戊基-4-甲基酚、2-(α-甲基环己基)-4,6-二甲基酚、2,6-二十八烷基-4-甲基酚、2,4,6-三环己基酚、2,6-二(叔丁基)-4-甲氧基甲基酚,非支化壬基酚或侧链支化的壬基酚,例如2,6-二壬基-4-甲基酚、2,4-二甲基-6-(1-甲基十一烷-1-基)酚、2,4-二甲基-6-(1-甲基十七烷-1-基)酚、2,4-二甲基-6-(1-甲基十三烷-1-基)酚及其混合物。
烷基硫代甲基酚,例如2,4-二辛基硫代甲基-6-(叔丁基)酚、2,4-二辛基硫代甲基-6-甲基酚、2,4-二辛基硫代甲基-6-乙基酚和2,6-二十二烷基硫代甲基-4-壬基酚。
氢醌和烷基化氢醌,例如2,6-二(叔丁基)-4-甲氧基酚、2,5-二(叔丁基)氢醌、2,5-二(叔戊基)氢醌、2,6-二苯基-4-十八烷基氧基酚、2,6-二(叔丁基)氢醌、2,5-二(叔丁基)-4-羟基茴香醚、3,5-二(叔丁基)-4-羟基茴香醚、硬脂酸3,5-二(叔丁基)-4-羟基苯基和己二酸双(3,5-二(叔丁基)-4-羟基苯基)酯。
生育酚,例如α-生育酚、β-生育酚、γ-生育酚、δ-生育酚及其混合物(维生素E)。
羟基化硫代二苯基醚,例如2,2′-硫代双(6-(叔丁基)-4-甲基酚)、2,2′-硫代双(4-辛酚)、4,4′-硫代双(6-(叔丁基)-3-甲基酚)、4,4′-硫代双(6-(叔丁基)-2-甲基酚)、4,4′-硫代双(3,6-二(仲戊基)酚)和4,4′-双(2,6-二甲基-4-羟基苯基)二硫化物。
亚烷基双酚,例如2,2′-亚甲基双(6-(叔丁基)-4-甲基酚)、2,2′-亚甲基双(6-(叔丁基)-4-乙基酚)、2,2′-亚甲基双[4-甲基-6-(α-甲基环己基)酚]、2,2′-亚甲基双(4-甲基-6-环己基酚)、2,2′-亚甲基双(6-壬基-4-甲基酚)、2,2′-亚甲基双(4,6-二(叔丁基)酚)、2,2′-亚乙基双(4,6-二(叔丁基)酚)、2,2′-亚乙基双(6-(叔丁基)-4-异丁基酚)、2,2′-亚甲基双[6-(α-甲基苄基)-4-壬基酚]、2,2′-亚甲基双[6-(α,α-二甲基苄基)-4-壬基酚]、4,4′-亚甲基双(2,6-二(叔丁基)酚)、4,4′-亚甲基双(6-(叔丁基)-2-甲基酚)、1,1-双(5-(叔丁基)-4-羟基-2-甲基苯基)丁烷、2,6-双(3-(叔丁基)-5-甲基-2-羟基苄基)-4-甲基酚、1,1,3-三(5-(叔丁基)-4-羟基-2-甲基苯基)丁烷、1,1-双(5-(叔丁基)-4-羟基-2-甲基苯基)-3-(正十二烷基巯基)丁烷、双[3,3-双(3-(叔丁基)-4-羟基苯基)丁酸]乙二醇酯、双(3-(叔丁基)-4-羟基-5-甲基苯基)二环戊二烯、对苯二甲酸双[2-(3′-(叔丁基)-2-羟基-5-甲基苄基)-6-(叔丁基)-4-甲基苯基]酯、1,1-双(3,5-二甲基-2-羟基苯基)丁烷、2,2-双(3,5-二(叔丁基)-4-羟基苯基)丙烷、2,2-双(5-(叔丁基)-4-羟基-2-甲基苯基)-4-(正十二烷基巯基)丁烷和1,1,5,5-四(5-(叔丁基)-4-羟基-2-甲基苯基)戊烷。
苄基化合物,例如3,5,3′,5′-四(叔丁基)-4,4′-二羟基二苄基醚、4-羟基-3,5-二甲基苄基巯基乙酸十八烷基酯、4-羟基-3,5-二(叔丁基)苄基巯基乙酸十三烷基酯、三(3,5-二(叔丁基)-4-羟基苄基)胺、1,3,5-三(3,5-二(叔丁基)-4-羟基苄基)-2,4,6-三甲基苯、二(3,5-二(叔丁基)-4-羟基苄基)硫化物、3,5-二(叔丁基)-4-羟基苄基巯基乙酸异辛基酯、二硫代对苯二甲酸双(4-(叔丁基)-3-羟基-2,6-二甲基苄基)酯、异氰脲酸1,3,5-三(3,5-二(叔丁基)-4-羟基苄基)酯、异氰脲酸1,3,5-三(4-(叔丁基)-3-羟基-2,6-二甲基苄基)酯、3,5-二(叔丁基)-4-羟基苄基二十八烷基磷酸酯和3,5-二(叔丁基)-4-羟基苄基单乙基磷酸酯、钙盐。
羟基苄基化丙二酸酯,例如2,2-双(3,5-二(叔丁基)-2-羟基苄基)丙二酸二十八烷基酯、2-(3-(叔丁基)-4-羟基-5-甲基苄基)丙二酸二十八烷基酯、2,2-双(3,5-二(叔丁基)-4-羟基苄基)丙二酸二十二烷基巯基乙基酯和双[4-(1,1,3,3-四甲基丁基)苯基]2,2-双(3,5-二(叔丁基)-4-羟基苄基)丙二酸酯。
羟基苄基芳族化合物,例如1,3,5-三(3,5-二(叔丁基)-4-羟基苄基)-2,4,6-三甲基苯、1,4-双(3,5-二(叔丁基)-4-羟基苄基)-2,3,5,6-四甲基苯和2,4,6-三(3,5-二(叔丁基)-4-羟基苄基)酚。
三嗪化合物,例如2,4-双(辛基巯基)-6-(3,5-二(叔丁基)-4-羟基苯胺基)-1,3,5-三嗪、2-辛基巯基-4,6-双(3,5-二(叔丁基)-4-羟基苯胺基)-1,3,5-三嗪、2-辛基巯基-4,6-双(3,5-二(叔丁基)-4-羟基苯氧基)-1,3,5-三嗪、2,4,6-三(3,5-二(叔丁基)-4-羟基苯氧基)-1,3,5-三嗪、1,3,5-三(3,5-二(叔丁基)-4-羟基苄基)异氰脲酸酯、1,3,5-三(4-(叔丁基)-3-羟基-2,6-二甲基苄基)异氰脲酸酯、2,4,6-三(3,5-二(叔丁基)-4-羟基苯基乙基)-1,3,5-三嗪、1,3,5-三(3,5-二(叔丁基)-4-羟基苯基丙酰)-六氢-1,3,5-三嗪和1,3,5-三(3,5-二环己基-4-羟基苄基)异氰脲酸酯。
苄基膦酸酯,例如2,5-二(叔丁基)-4-羟基苄基膦酸二甲基酯、3,5-二(叔丁基)-4-羟基苄基膦酸二乙基酯((3,5-双(1,1-二甲基乙基)-4-羟基苯基)甲基膦酸二乙基酯)、3,5-二(叔丁基)-4-羟基苄基膦酸二十八烷基酯、5-(叔丁基)-4-羟基-3-甲基苄基膦酸二十八烷基酯和3,5-二(叔丁基)-4-羟基苄基膦酸单乙基酯的钙盐。
酰氨基酚,例如月桂酸4-羟基酰替苯胺、硬脂酸4-羟基酰替苯胺、2,4-双辛基巯基-6-(3,5-二(叔丁基)-4-羟基苯胺基)-s-三嗪和N-(3,5-二(叔丁基)-4-羟基苯基)氨基甲酸辛基酯。
β-(3,5-二(叔丁基)-4-羟基苯基)丙酸与一价或多元醇,例如与甲醇、乙醇、正辛醇、异辛醇、十八烷醇、1,6-己二醇、1,9-壬二醇、乙二醇、1,2-丙二醇、新戊二醇、硫二乙二醇、二乙二醇、三乙二醇、季戊四醇、异氰脲酸三(羟基乙基)酯、N,N′-双(羟基乙基)草酸二酰胺、3-硫杂十一烷醇、3-硫杂十五烷醇、三甲基己二醇、三羟甲基丙烷和4-羟甲基-1-磷杂-2,6,7-三氧杂双环[2.2.2]辛烷的酯。
β-(5-(叔丁基)-4-羟基-3-甲基苯基)丙酸与一价或多元醇,例如与甲醇、乙醇、正辛醇、异辛醇、十八烷醇、1,6-己二醇、1,9-壬二醇、乙二醇、1,2-丙二醇、新戊二醇、硫二乙二醇、二乙二醇、三乙二醇、季戊四醇、异氰脲酸三(羟基乙基)酯、N,N′-双(羟基乙基)草酸二酰胺、3-硫杂十一烷醇、3-硫杂十五烷醇、三甲基己二醇、三羟甲基丙烷和4-羟甲基-1-磷杂-2,6,7-三氧杂双环[2.2.2]辛烷的酯。
β-(3,5-二环己基-4-羟基苯基)丙酸与一价或多元醇,例如与甲醇、乙醇、辛醇、十八烷醇、1,6-己二醇、1,9-壬二醇、乙二醇、1,2-丙二醇、新戊二醇、硫二乙二醇、二乙二醇、三乙二醇、季戊四醇、异氰脲酸三(羟基乙基)酯、N,N′-双(羟基乙基)草酸二酰胺、3-硫杂十一烷醇、3-硫杂十五烷醇、三甲基己二醇、三羟甲基丙烷和4-羟甲基-1-磷杂-2,6,7-三氧杂双环[2.2.2]辛烷的酯。
3,5-二(叔丁基)-4-羟基苯基乙酸与一价或多元醇,例如与甲醇、乙醇、辛醇、十八烷醇、1,6-己二醇、1,9-壬二醇、乙二醇、1,2-丙二醇、新戊二醇、硫二乙二醇、二乙二醇、三乙二醇、季戊四醇、异氰脲酸三(羟基乙基)酯、N,N′-双(羟基乙基)草酸二酰胺、3-硫杂十一烷醇、3-硫杂十五烷醇、三甲基己二醇、三羟甲基丙烷和4-羟甲基-1-磷杂-2,6,7-三氧杂双环[2.2.2]辛烷的酯。
β-(3,5-二(叔丁基)-4-羟基苯基)丙酸的酰胺,例如N,N′-双(3,5-二(叔丁基)-4-羟基苯基丙酰)六亚甲基二胺、N,N′-双(3,5-二(叔丁基)-4-羟基苯基丙酰)三亚甲基二胺、N,N′-双(3,5-二(叔丁基)-4-羟基苯基丙酰)肼和N,N′-双[2-(3-[3,5-二(叔丁基)-4-羟基苯基]丙酰氧基)乙基]草酰胺(如来自Uniroyal的NaugardXL-1)。
抗坏血酸(维生素C)。
胺类抗氧化剂,N,N′-二异丙基-对-苯二胺、N,N′-二(仲丁基)-对-苯二胺、N,N′-双(1,4-二甲基戊基)-对-亚苯基二胺、N,N′-双(1-乙基-3-甲基戊基)-对-亚苯基二胺、N,N′-双(1-甲基庚基)-对-亚苯基二胺、N,N′-二环己基-对-亚苯基二胺、N,N′-二苯基-对-亚苯基二胺、N,N′-双(2-萘基)-对-亚苯基二胺、N-异丙基-N′-苯基-对-亚苯基二胺、N-(1,3-二甲基丁基)-N′-苯基-对-亚苯基二胺、N-(1-甲基庚基)-N′-苯基-对-亚苯基二胺、N-环己基-N′-苯基-对-亚苯基二胺、4-(对-甲苯基氨磺酰)二苯基胺、N,N′-二甲基-N,N′-二(仲丁基)-对-亚苯基二胺、二苯基胺、N-烯丙基二苯基胺、4-异丙氧基二苯基胺、N-苯基-1-萘基胺、N-(4-(叔辛基)苯基)-1-萘基胺、N-苯基-2-萘基胺,辛基化二苯基胺例如p,p′-二(叔辛基)二苯基胺、4-(正丁基氨基)酚、4-丁酰氨基酚、4-壬酰氨基酚、4-十二烷酰氨基酚、4-十八烷酰氨基酚、双(4-甲氧基苯基)胺、2,6-二(叔丁基)-4-二甲基氨基甲基酚、2,4′-二氨基二苯基甲烷、4,4′-二氨基二苯基甲烷、N,N,N′,N′-四甲基-4,4′-二氨基二苯基甲烷、1,2-双[(2-甲基苯基)氨基]乙烷,1,2-双(苯基氨基)丙烷、(邻甲苯基)双胍、双[4-(1′,3′-二甲基丁基)苯基]胺,叔辛基化N-苯基-1-萘基胺、单烷基化和二烷基化叔丁基/叔辛基二苯基胺的混合物、单烷基化和二烷基化壬基二苯基胺的混合物、单烷基化和二烷基化十二烷基二苯基胺的混合物、单烷基化和二烷基化异丙基/异己基二苯基胺的混合物、单烷基化和二烷基化叔丁基二苯基胺的混合物、2,3-二氢-3,3-二甲基-4H-1,4-苯并噻嗪、吩噻嗪、单烷基化和二烷基化叔丁基/叔辛基吩噻嗪的混合物、单烷基化和二烷基化叔辛基吩噻嗪的混合物、N-烯丙基吩噻嗪、N,N,N′,N′-四苯基-1,4-二氨基丁-2-烯、N,N-双(2,2,6,6-四甲基哌啶-4-基)六亚甲基二胺、癸酸双(2,2,6,6-四甲基哌啶-4-基)酯、2,2,6,6-四甲基哌啶-4-酮、2,2,6,6-四甲基哌啶-4-醇,与4-羟基-2,2,6,6-四甲基-1-哌啶乙醇的琥珀酸二甲酯聚合物[CAS号:65447-77-0](例如来自Ciba Specialty Chemicals,瑞士的Tinuvin622)和2,2,4,4-四甲基-7-氧杂-3,20-二氮杂二螺[5.1.11.2]二十一-21烷-酮与表氯醇的聚合物[CAS-No.:202483-55-4](例如来自Ciba Specialty Chemicals,瑞士的Hostavin30)。
组i)的位阻胺例如包括4-羟基-2,2,6,6-四甲基哌啶、1-烯丙基-4-羟基-2,2,6,6-四甲基哌啶、1-苄基-4-羟基-2,2,6,6-四甲基哌啶、双(2,2,6,6-四甲基-4-哌啶基)癸二酸酯、双(2,2,6,6-四甲基-4-哌啶基)琥珀酸酯、双(1,2,2,6,6-五甲基-4-哌啶基)癸二酸酯、双(1-辛基氧基-2,2,6,6-四甲基-4-哌啶基)癸二酸酯、双(1,2,2,6,6-五甲基-4-哌啶基)(正丁基)(3,5-二(叔丁基)-4-羟基苄基)丙二酸酯((正丁基)(3,5-二(叔丁基)-4-羟基苄基)丙二酸双(1,2,2,6,6-五甲基哌啶基)酯)、1-(2-羟基乙基)-2,2,6,6-四甲基-4-羟基哌啶与琥珀酸的缩合产物、N,N′-双(2,2,6,6-四甲基-4-哌啶基)六亚甲基二胺与4-(叔辛基氨基)-2,6-二氯-1,3,5-三嗪的线性或环状缩合产物、三(2,2,6,6-四甲基-4-哌啶基)次氮基三乙酸酯、四(2,2,6,6-四甲基-4-哌啶基)1,2,3,4-丁烷四羧酸酯、1,1′-(1,2-乙烷二基)双(3,3,5,5-四甲基哌嗪酮)、4-苯甲酰-2,2,6,6-四甲基哌啶、4-硬脂基氧基-2,2,6,6-四甲基哌啶、双(1,2,2,6,6-五甲基哌啶基)2-(正丁基)-2-(2-羟基-3,5-二(叔丁基)苄基)丙二酸酯、3-(正辛基)-7,7,9,9-四甲基-1,3,8-三氮杂螺[4.5]癸烷-2,4-二酮、双(1-辛基氧基-2,2,6,6-四甲基哌啶基)癸二酸酯、双(1-辛基氧基-2,2,6,6-四甲基哌啶基)琥珀酸酯、N,N′-双(2,2,6,6-四甲基-4-哌啶基)六亚甲基二胺与4-吗啉-2,6-二氯-1,3,5-三嗪的线性或环状缩合产物、N,N′-双(2,2,6,6-四甲基-4-哌啶基)六亚甲基二胺与甲酸酯的缩合产物(CAS No.124172-53-8,例如来自BASF AG,Ludwigshafen的Uvinul4050H)、2-氯-4,6-双(4-(正丁基)氨基-2,2,6,6-四甲基哌啶基)-1,3,5-三嗪与1,2-双(3-氨基丙基氨基)乙烷的缩合产物、2-氯-4,6-二(4-(正丁基)氨基-1,2,2,6,6-五甲基哌啶基)-1,3,5-三嗪与1,2-双(3-氨基丙基氨基)乙烷的缩合产物、8-乙酰基-3-十二烷基-7,7,9,9-四甲基-1,3,8-三氮杂螺[4.5]癸烷-2,4-二酮、3-十二烷基-1-(2,2,6,6-四甲基-4-哌啶基)吡咯烷-2,5-二酮、3-十二烷基-1-(1,2,2,6,6-五甲基-4-哌啶基)吡咯烷-2,5-二酮、4-十六烷基氧基-与4-硬脂基氧基-2,2,6,6-四甲基哌啶的混合物、N,N′-双(2,2,6,6-四甲基-4-哌啶基)六亚甲基二胺与4-氯己基氨基-2,6-二氯-1,3,5-三嗪的缩合产物、1,2-双(3-氨基丙基氨基)乙烷与2,4,6-三氯-1,3,5-三嗪的缩合产物,以及4-丁基氨基-2,2,6,6-四甲基哌啶(CAS登记号[136504-96-6]);N-(2,2,6,6-四甲基-4-哌啶基)-(正十二烷基)琥珀酰亚胺、N-(1,2,2,6,6-五甲基-4-哌啶基)-(正十二烷基)琥珀酰亚胺、2-十一烷基-7,7,9,9-四甲基-1-氧杂-3,8-二氮杂-4-氧代螺[4.5]癸烷、7,7,9,9-四甲基-2-环十一烷基-1-氧杂-3,8-二氮杂-4-氧代螺[4.5]癸烷与表氯醇的反应产物、1,1-双(1,2,2,6,6-五甲基-4-哌啶基氧基羰基)-2-(4-甲氧基苯基)乙烯、N,N′-双甲酰-N,N′-双(2,2,6,6-四甲基-4-哌啶基)六亚甲基二胺、4-甲氧基亚甲基丙二酸与1,2,2,6,6-五甲基-4-羟基哌啶的二酯、聚[甲基丙基-3-氧代-4-(2,2,6,6-四甲基-4-哌啶基)]硅氧烷、马来酸酐/α-烯烃共聚物与2,2,6,6-四甲基-4-氨基哌啶或1,2,2,6,6-五甲基-4-氨基哌啶的反应产物、(部分)N-(哌啶-4-基)-取代的马来酰亚胺与α-烯烃混合物的共聚物,例如Uvinul5050H(BASF AG,Ludwigshafen)、1-(2-羟基-2-甲基丙氧基)-4-十八烷酰氧基-2,2,6,6-四甲基哌啶、1-(2-羟基-2-甲基丙氧基)-4-十六烷酰氧基-2,2,6,6-四甲基哌啶、1-氧基-4-羟基-2,2,6,6-四甲基哌啶与叔戊醇的碳基的反应产物、1-(2-羟基-2-甲基丙氧基)-4-羟基-2,2,6,6-四甲基哌啶、1-(2-羟基-2-甲基丙氧基)-4-氧代-2,2,6,6-四甲基哌啶、双(1-(2-羟基-2-甲基丙氧基)-2,2,6,6-四甲基哌啶-4-基)癸二酸酯、双(1-(2-羟基-2-甲基丙氧基)-2,2,6,6-四甲基哌啶-4-基)己二酸酯、双(1-(2-羟基-2-甲基丙氧基)-2,2,6,6-四甲基哌啶-4-基)琥珀酸酯、双(1-(2-羟基-2-甲基丙氧基)-2,2,6,6-四甲基哌啶-4-基)戊二酸酯、2,4-双{N-[1-(2-羟基-2-甲基丙氧基)-2,2,6,6-四甲基哌啶-4-基]-N-丁基氨基}-6-(2-羟基乙基氨基)-s-三嗪、N,N’-双甲酰-N,N’-双(1,2,2,6,6-五甲基-4-哌啶基)六亚甲基二胺、六氢-2,6-双(2,2,6,6-四甲基-4-哌啶基)-1H,4H,5H,8H-2,3a,4a,6,7a,8a-六氮杂环戊[def]芴-4,8-二酮(例如来自BASF AG,Ludwigshafen的Uvinul4049)、聚[[6-[(1,1,3,3-四甲基丁基)氨基]-1,3,5-三嗪-2,4-二基][(2,2,6,6-四甲基-4-哌啶基)亚氨基]-1,6-己烷二基[(2,2,6,6-四甲基-4--哌啶基)亚氨基]][CAS No.71878-19-8]或N,N’,N’,N’-四(4,6-双(丁基(N-甲基-2,2,6,6-四甲基哌啶-4-基)氨基)三嗪-2-基)-4,7-二氮杂癸烷-1,10-二胺(CAS No.106990-43-6)(例如来自Ciba Specialty Chemicals,瑞士的Chimassorb119)。
组j)的金属钝化剂例如包括N,N′-二苯基草酰胺、N-水杨醛-N′-水杨酰肼、N,N′-双(水杨酰)肼、N,N′-双(3,5-二(叔丁基)-4-羟基苯基丙酰)肼、3-水杨酰氨基-1,2,4-三唑、双(亚苄基)草酸二酰肼、草酰替苯胺、间苯二甲酸二酰肼、癸二酸双苯基酰肼、N,N′-双乙酰己二酸二酰肼、N,N ′-双(水杨酰)草酸二酰肼或N,N′-双(水杨酰)硫代丙酸二酰肼。
组k)的亚磷酸酯和亚膦酸酯例如包括三苯基亚磷酸酯、二苯基烷基亚磷酸酯、苯基二烷基亚磷酸酯、三(壬基苯基)亚磷酸酯、三月桂基亚磷酸酯、三十八烷基亚磷酸酯、二硬脂基季戊四醇二亚磷酸酯、三(2,4-二(叔丁基)苯基)亚磷酸酯、二异癸基季戊四醇二亚磷酸酯、双(2,4-二(叔丁基)苯基)季戊四醇二亚磷酸酯、双(2,6-二(叔丁基)-4-甲基苯基)季戊四醇二亚磷酸酯、二亚磷酸二异癸基氧基季戊四醇酯、双(2,4-二(叔丁基)-6-甲基苯基)季戊四醇二亚磷酸酯、双(2,4,6-三(叔丁基)苯基)季戊四醇二亚磷酸酯、三硬脂基山梨糖醇三亚磷酸酯、四(2,4-二(叔丁基)苯基)4,4′-联亚苯基二亚膦酸酯、6-异辛基氧基-2,4,8,10-四(叔丁基)二苯并[d,f][1,3,2]二氧杂磷杂环庚烯(phosphepin)、6-氟-2,4,8,10-四(叔丁基)-12-甲基二苯并[d,g][1,3,2]二氧杂磷杂环辛烯(phosphocin)、双(2,4-二(叔丁基)-6-甲基苯基)甲基亚磷酸酯、双(2,4-二(叔丁基)-6-甲基苯基)乙基亚磷酸酯、2,2′,2″-次氮基[三乙基三(3,3′,5,5′-四(叔丁基)-1,1′-联苯基-2,2′-二基)亚磷酸酯]和2-乙基己基(3,3′,5,5′-四(叔丁基)-1,1′-联苯基-2,2′-二基)亚磷酸酯。
组l)的羟胺例如包括N,N-二苄基羟胺、N,N-二乙基羟胺、N,N-二辛基羟胺、N,N-二月桂基羟胺、N,N-二十四烷基羟胺、N,N-二十六烷基羟胺、N,N-二十八烷基羟胺、N-十六烷基-N-十八烷基羟胺、N-十七烷基-N-十八烷基羟胺、N-甲基-N-十八烷基羟胺和来自氢化动物脂肪胺的N,N-二烷基羟胺。
组m)的硝酮例如包括N-苄基-α-苯基硝酮、N-乙基-α-甲基硝酮、N-辛基-α-庚基硝酮、N-月桂基-α-十一烷基硝酮、N-十四烷基-α-十三烷基硝酮、N-十六烷基-α-十五烷基硝酮、N-十八烷基-α-十七烷基硝酮、N-十六烷基-α-十七烷基硝酮、N-十八烷基-α-十五烷基硝酮、N-十七烷基-α-十七烷基硝酮、N-十八烷基-α-十六烷基硝酮、N-甲基-α-十七烷基硝酮和衍生于由氢化动物脂肪胺制备的N,N-二烷基羟胺的硝酮。
组n)的氧化胺例如包括如美国专利号5 844 029和5 880 191所公开的氧化胺衍生物、二癸基甲基氧化胺、十三烷基氧化胺、三十二烷基氧化胺和三十六烷基氧化胺。
组o)的苯并呋喃酮和吲哚啉酮例如包括美国专利4 325 863、4 338 244、5 175 312、5 216 052或5 252 643、DE-A-4316611、DE-A-4316622、DE-A-4316876、EP-A-0589839或EP-A-0591102中所公开的那些,或3-[4-(2-乙酰氧基乙氧基)苯基]-5,7-二(叔丁基)苯并呋喃-2-酮、5,7-二(叔丁基)-3-[4-(2-硬脂酰氧基乙氧基)苯基]苯并呋喃-2-酮、3,3′-双[5,7-二(叔丁基)-3-(4-[2-羟基乙氧基]苯基)苯并呋喃-2-酮]、5,7-二(叔丁基)-3-(4-乙氧基苯基)苯并呋喃-2-酮、3-(4-乙酰氧基-3,5-二甲基苯基)-5,7-二(叔丁基)苯并呋喃-2-酮、3-(3,5-二甲基-4-新戊酰氧基苯基)-5,7-二(叔丁基)苯并呋喃-2-酮、3-(3,4-二甲基苯基)-5,7-二(叔丁基)苯并呋喃-2-酮、来自Ciba SpecialtyChemicals,瑞士的Irganoxs HP-136和3-(2,3-二甲基苯基)-5,7-二(叔丁基)苯并呋喃-2-酮。
组p)的硫代协合剂例如包括硫代二丙酸二月桂酯或硫代二丙酸二硬脂酯。
组q)的过氧化物破坏性化合物例如包括β-硫代二丙酸的酯,例如月桂基、硬脂基、肉豆蔻基或十三烷基酯,巯基苯并咪唑或2-巯基苯并咪唑的锌盐,二丁基二硫代氨基甲酸锌,二十八烷基二硫化物或季戊四醇四(β-十二烷基巯基丙酸酯)。
步骤a)中所用的组合物还包含一种或多种适于保护木材或可比的木质纤维素材料不受有害生物侵袭或破坏的活性物质作为有效物质。
这种有害生物的实例为:
-木材脱色性真菌,例如子囊菌纲(Ascomycetes),如线嘴壳属(Ophiostoma sp.)(如Ophiostoma piceae、Ophiostoma piliferum)、长喙壳菌属(Ceratocystis sp.)(如Ceratocystis coerulescens)、出芽短梗霉(Aureobasidium pullulans)、Sclerophoma sp.(如Sclerophoma pityophila);半知菌纲(Deuteromycetes),例如曲霉属(Aspergillus sp.)(如黑曲霉(Aspergillus niger))、枝孢属(Cladosporium sp.)(如球孢枝孢菌(Cladosporium sphaerospermum))、青霉菌(Penicillium sp.)属(如绳状青霉(Penicillium funiculosum))、木霉属(Trichoderma sp.)(如绿色木霉(Trichoderma viride))、链格孢属(Alternaria sp.)(如交链孢菌(Alternariaalternate))、拟青霉菌(Paecilomyces sp.)属(如宛氏拟青霉(Paecilomycesvariotii));接合菌纲(zygomycetes),例如毛霉(Mucor sp.)属(如冻土毛霉(Mucor hiemalis));
-木材破坏性真菌:子囊菌纲(Ascomycetes),例如毛壳属(Chaetomiumsp.)(如球毛壳菌(Chaetomium globosum))、腐质霉属(Humicola sp.)(如灰色腐殖霉(Humicola grisea))、彼得壳属Petriella sp.(如Petriella setifera)、毛束霉属(Trichurus sp.)(如螺旋毛束霉(Trichurus spiralis));担子菌纲(Basidiomycetes),例如粉孢革菌属(Coniophora sp.)(如粉孢革菌(Coniophora puteana))、革盖菌属(Coriolus sp.)(如彩绒革盖菌(Coriolusversicolor))、粘褶菌属(Gloeophyllum sp.)(如密粘褶菌(Gloeophyllumtrabeum))、香菇属(Lentinus sp.)(如洁丽香菇(Lentinus lepideus))、侧耳属(Pleurotus sp.)(如糙皮侧耳(Pleurotus ostreatus))、卧孔菌属(Poria sp.)(如绵腐卧孔菌(Poria placenta)、纤维卧孔菌(Poria vaillantii))、干朽菌属(Serpulasp.)(如干朽菌(Serpula lacrymans))和干酪菌属(Tyromyces sp.)(如瘤盖干酷菌(Tyromyces palustris)),以及
-木材破坏性昆虫,如天牛科(Cerambycidae),例如北美家天牛(Hylotrupes bajulus)、紫色扁天牛(Callidium violaceum);粉蠹科(Lyctidae),例如栎粉蠹(Lyctus linearis)、褐粉蠢(Lyctus brunneus);长蠹科(Bostrichidae),例如竹蠹(Dinoderus minutus);窃蠹科(Anobiidae),例如家具窃蠹(Anobium punctatum)、红毛窃蠢(Xestobium rufovillosum);筒蠹科(Lymexylidae),例如Lymexylon navale;长小蠹科(Platypodidae),例如Platypus cylindrus;拟天牛科(Oedemeridae),例如Nacerda melanura;蚁科(Formicidae),例如Camponotus abdominalis、黄墩蚁(Lasius flavus)、Lasius brunneus、黑草蚁(Lasius fuliginosus)。
因此,杀真菌活性物质、杀虫活性物质和杀菌剂尤其适合:
下组的杀真菌剂:
●二羧酰亚胺类,如异丙定(iprodione)、甲菌利(myclozolin)、杀菌利(procymidone)或烯菌酮(vinclozolin);
●酰丙氨酸类,例如苯霜灵(benalaxyl)、甲霜灵(metalaxyl)、甲呋酰胺(ofurace)或霜灵(oxadixyl);
●胺衍生物,例如4-十二烷基-2,6-二甲基吗啉(aldimorph)、多果定(dodine)、吗菌灵(dodemorph)、丁苯吗啉(fenpropimorph)、苯锈啶(fenpropidin)、双胍盐(guazatine)、双胍辛醋酸盐(iminoctadine)、螺茂胺(spiroxamine)或克啉菌(tridemorph);
●苯胺基嘧啶类,例如二甲嘧菌胺(pyrimethanil)、嘧菌胺(mepanipyrim)或环丙嘧啶(cyprodinil);
●抗菌素,例如放线菌酮(cycloheximide)、灰黄霉素(griseofulvin)、春雷素(kasugamycin)、多马霉素(natamycin)、多氧霉素(polyoxin)或链霉素(streptomycin);
●唑类(康唑(conazoles)),例如戊环唑(azaconazole)、双苯三唑醇(bitertanol)、糠菌唑(bromoconazole)、环唑醇(cyproconazole)、苄氯三唑醇(diclobutrazole)、醚唑(difenoconazole)、烯唑醇(Diniconazole)、氧唑菌(epoxiconazole)、腈苯唑(fenbuconazole)、喹唑菌酮(fluquinconazole)、氟硅唑(flusilazole)、粉唑醇(flutriafol)、酮康唑(ketoconazole)、己唑醇(hexaconazole)、烯菌灵(imazalil)、环戊唑菌(metconazole)、腈菌唑(myclobutanil)、戊菌唑(penconazole)、丙环唑(propiconazole)、丙氯灵(prochloraz)、丙硫菌唑(prothioconazole)、戊唑醇(tebuconazole)、氟醚唑(tetraconazole)、三唑酮(triadimefon)、唑菌醇(triadimenol)、氟菌唑(triflumizole)或戊叉唑菌(triticonazole);
●二硫代氨基甲酸盐类,福美铁(ferbam)、代森钠(nabam)、代森锰(maneb)、代森锰锌(mancozeb)、威百亩(metam)、代森联(metiram)、甲基代森锌(propineb)、福代锌(polycarbamate)、福美双(thiram)、福美锌(ziram)或代森锌(zineb);
●杂环化合物,如敌菌灵(anilazine)、苯菌灵(benomyl)、啶酰菌胺(boscalid)、多菌灵(carbendazim)、萎锈灵(carboxin)、氧化萎锈灵(oxycarboxin)、氰霜唑(cyazofamid)、棉隆(dazomet)、二噻农(dithianon)、唑酮菌(famoxadone)、咪唑菌酮(fenamidone)、异嘧菌醇(fenarimol)、麦穗宁(fuberidazole)、氟酰胺(flutolanil)、呋吡唑灵(furametpyr)、稻瘟灵(isoprothiolane)、丙氧灭绣胺(mepronil)、氟苯嘧啶醇(nuarimol)、噻菌灵(probenazole)、丙氧喹啉(proquinazid)、啶斑肟(pyrifenox)、咯喹酮(pyroquilon)、喹氧灵(quinoxyfen)、硅噻菌胺(silthiofam)、涕必灵(thiabendazole)、溴氟唑菌(thifluzamide)、甲基托布津(thiophanate-methyl)、噻酰菌胺(tiadinil)、三环唑(tricyclazole)或嗪氨灵(triforine);
●硝基苯基衍生物,如乐杀螨(binapacryl)、敌螨普(dinocap)、敌螨通(dinobuton)或异丙消(nitrothal-isopropyl);
●苯基吡咯类,如拌种咯(fenpiclonil)或氟菌(fludioxonil);
●2-甲氧基二苯甲酮,例如EP-A 897 904所公开的式I,例如苯菌酮(metrafenone);
●未分类真菌,例如噻二唑素(acibenzolar-S-methyl)、苯噻菌胺(benthiavalicarb)、氯环丙酰胺(carpropamid)、百菌清(chlorothalonil)、清菌脲(cymoxanil)、哒菌清(diclomezine)、双氯氰菌胺(diclocymet)、乙霉威(diethofencarb)、克瘟散(edifenphos)、噻唑菌胺(ethaboxam)、环酰菌胺(fenhexamid)、薯瘟锡(fentin acetate)、氰菌胺(fenoxanil)、嘧菌腙(ferimzone)、氟啶胺(fluazinam)、藻菌磷(fosetyl)、乙膦铝(fosetyl-aluminum)、异丙菌胺(iprovalicarb)、六氯苯(hexachlorobenzene)、苯菌酮(metrafenone)、戊菌隆(pencycuron)、百维灵(propamocarb)、四氯苯酞(phthalide)、甲基立枯磷(tolclofos-methyl)、五氯硝基苯(quintozene)或苯酰菌胺(zoxamide);
●嗜球果伞素类(strobilurins),例如在WO 03/075663中通过式I所公开的,例如:腈嘧菌酯(azoxystrobin)、醚菌胺(dimoxystrobin)、氟嘧菌酯(fluoxastrobin)、亚胺菌(kresoxim-methyl)、叉氨苯酰胺(metominostrobin)、肟醚菌胺(orysastrobin)、啶氧菌酯(picoxystrobin)、唑菌胺酯(pyraclostrobin)和肟菌酯(trifloxystrobin);
●次磺酸衍生物,如敌菌丹(captafol)、克菌丹(captan)、抑菌灵(dichlofluanid)、灭菌丹(folpet)或对甲抑菌灵(tolylfluanid);
●肉桂酰胺及类似物,如烯酰吗啉(dimethomorph)、氟联苯菌(flumetover)或氟吗啉(flumorph);
●6-芳基-[1,2,4]三唑[1,5-a]嘧啶,例如WO 98/46608、WO 99/41255或WO 03/004465每种情况下由通式I所公开的;
●酰胺杀真菌剂,如环氟菌胺(cyflufenamid)或(Z)-N-[α-(环丙基甲氧亚氨基)-2,3-二氟-6-(二氟甲氧基)苄基]-2-苯基乙酰胺;
●碘代化合物,例如二碘甲基对甲苯基砜、3-碘-丙炔醇、(4-氯苯基)(3-碘炔丙基)甲醛、3-溴-2,3-二碘-2-丙烯基乙基碳酸酯、2,3,3-三碘烯丙基醇、3-溴-2,3-二碘-2-丙烯基醇、3-碘-2-丙炔基(正丁基)氨基甲酸酯、3-碘-2-丙炔基(正己基)氨基甲酸酯、3-碘-2-丙炔基苯基氨基甲酸酯、O-1-(6-碘-3-氧代己-5-炔基)丁基氨基甲酸酯、O-1-(6-碘-3-氧代己-5-炔基)苯基氨基甲酸酯或napcocide;
●苯酚衍生物,例如三溴苯酚、四氯苯酚、3-甲基-4-氯苯酚、二氯酚、邻苯基苯酚、间苯基苯酚或2-苄基-4-氯苯酚;
●异噻唑啉酮,例如N-甲基异噻唑啉-3-酮、5-氯-N-甲基异噻唑啉-3-酮、4,5-二氯-N-辛基异噻唑啉-3-酮或N-辛基异噻唑啉-3-酮;
●(苯基)异噻唑啉酮,例如1,2-苯基异噻唑-3(2H)-酮、4,5-二甲基异噻唑-3-酮或2-辛基-2H-异噻唑-3-酮;
●吡啶,例如1-羟基-2-吡啶硫酮(和它们的Na、Fe、Mn或Zn盐)、或四氯-4-(甲基磺基)吡啶;
●金属皂,例如环烷酸、辛酸、2-乙基己酸、油酸、磷酸或苯甲酸锡、铜或锌;
●有机锡化合物,例如三丁基锡(TBT)化合物,如三丁基锡和三丁基(单环烷酰氧基)锡衍生物;
●二烷基二硫代氨基甲酸酯和二烷基二硫代氨基甲酸酯的钠盐和锌盐,或二硫化四甲基秋兰姆;
●腈,例如2,4,5,6-四氯间苯二甲腈;
●苯并噻唑,例如2-巯基苯并噻唑;
●喹啉,例如8-羟基喹啉,和它们的Cu盐;
●三(N-环己基二氮烯二氧基)铝、(N-环己基二氮烯二氧基)三丁基锡或双(N-环己基二氮烯二氧基)铜;
●3-(苯并(b)噻吩-2-基)-5,6-二氢-1,4,2-氧杂噻嗪4-氧化物(bethoxazin)。
下组的杀虫剂:
●有机磷酸酯类,例如谷硫磷(azinphos-methyl)、乙基谷硫磷(azinphos-ethyl)、毒死蜱(chlorpyrifos)、甲基毒死蜱(chlorpyrifos-methyl)、毒虫畏(chlorfenvinphos)、二嗪农(diazinon)、甲基毒虫畏(dimethylvinphos)、杀抗松(dioxabenzofos)、乙拌磷(disulfoton)、乙硫磷(ethion)、EPN、杀螟松(fenitrothion)、倍硫磷(fenthion)、庚虫磷(heptenophos)、异唑磷(isoxathion)、马拉硫磷(malathion)、杀扑磷(methidathion)、甲基一六零五(methyl parathion)、对氧磷(paraoxon)、一六零五(parathion)、稻丰散(phenthoate)、伏杀磷(phosalone)、亚胺硫磷(phosmet)、甲拌磷(phorate)、辛硫磷(phoxim)、虫螨磷(pirimiphos-methyl)、丙溴磷(profenofos)、丙硫磷(prothiofos)、pirimiphos-ethyl、pyraclofos、pyridaphenthion、乙丙硫磷(sulprophos)、三唑磷(triazophos)、敌百虫(trichlorfon)、杀虫畏(tetrachlorvinphos)或蚜灭多(vamidothion);
●氨基甲酸酯类,例如棉铃威(alanycarb)、丙硫克百威(benfuracarb)、虫威(bendiocarb)、甲萘威(carbaryl)、虫螨威(carbofuran)、丁硫克百威(carbosulfan)、双氧威(fenoxycarb)、呋线威(furathiocarb)、二唑虫(indoxacarb)、灭虫威(methiocarb)、抗蚜威(pirimicarb)、残杀威(propoxur)、硫双威(thiodicarb)或唑蚜威(triazamate);
●合成除虫菊酯类,例如氟氯菊酯(bifenthrin)、氟氯氰菊酯(cyfluthrin)、乙氰菊酯(cycloprothrin)、氯氰菊酯(cypermethrin)、溴氰菊酯(deltamethrin)、高氰戊菊酯(esfenvalerate)、醚菊酯(etofenprox)、甲氰菊酯(fenpropathrin)、杀灭菊酯(fenvalerate)、(RS)氯氟氰菊酯(cyhalothrin)、氯氟氰菊酯(lambda-cyhalothrin)、氯菊酯(permethrin)、灭虫硅醚(silafluofen)、氟胺氰菊酯(tau-fluvalinate)、七氟菊酯(tefluthrin)、四溴菊酯(tralomethrin)或甲体氯氰菊酯(alpha-cypermethrin);
●节肢动物生长调节剂,例如a)几丁质合成抑制剂如苯甲酰脲类,如定虫隆(chlorfluazuron)、氟脲杀(diflubenzuron)、氟螨脲(flucycloxuron)、氟虫脲(flufenoxuron)、氟铃脲(hexaflumuron)、氟丙氧脲(lufenuron)、双苯氟脲(novaluron)、伏虫隆(teflubenzuron)、杀虫隆(triflumuron)、噻嗪酮(buprofezin)、茂醚(diofenolan)、噻螨酮(hexythiazox)、特苯唑(etoxazole)或四螨嗪(clofentazine);b)蜕皮激素拮抗剂,如特丁苯酰肼(halofenozide)、甲氧苯酰肼(methoxyfenozide)或双苯酰肼(tebufenozide);
c)保幼激素类似物,如蚊蝇醚(pyriproxyfen)或蒙五一五(methoprene);
d)类脂生物合成抑制剂,如螺螨酯(spirodiclofen);
●新烟碱类(neonicotinoids),例如氟啶虫酰胺(flonicamid)、噻虫胺(clothianidin)、呋虫胺(dinotefuran)、吡虫啉(imidacloprid)、噻虫嗪(thiamethoxam)、硝虫噻嗪(nithiazine)、吡虫清(acetamiprid)或噻虫啉(thiacloprid);
●其他未分类的杀虫剂,例如齐墩螨素(abamectin)、灭螨醌(acequinocyl)、虫螨脒(amitraz)、艾扎丁(azadirachtin)、联苯肼酯(bifenazate)、杀螟丹(cartap)、氟唑虫清(chlorfenapyr)、杀虫脒(chlordimeform)、灭蝇胺(cyromazine)、杀螨硫隆(diafenthiuron)、茂醚(diofenolan)、埃玛菌素(emamectin)、硫丹(endosulfan)、喹螨醚(fenazaquin)、伐虫脒(formetanate)、伐虫脒盐酸盐(formetanate hydrochloride)、灭蚁腙(hydramethylnon)、二唑虫(indoxacarb)、增效醚(piperonyl butoxide)、哒螨酮(pyridaben)、拒嗪酮(pymetrozine)、艾克敌105(spinosad)、噻虫嗪(thiamethoxam)、硫环杀(thiocyclam)、啶虫丙醚(pyridalyl)、嘧螨酯(fluacypyrim)、米尔螨素(milbemectin)、螺甲螨酯(spiromesifen)、吡氟硫磷(flupyrazofos)、NC 512、氟虫酰胺(flubendiamide)、双三氟虫脲(bistrifluron)、benclothiaz、pyrafluprole、pyriprole、磺胺蜻酯(amidoflumet)、啼虫胺(flufenerim)、cyflumetofen、lepimectin、丙氟菊酯(profluthrin)、四氟甲醚菊酯(dimefluthrin)和metaflumizone;以及杀菌剂:例如异噻唑酮,例如1,2-苯基异噻唑-3(2H)-酮(BIT)、5-氯-2-甲基-4-异噻唑啉-3-酮与2-甲基-4-异噻唑啉-3-酮的混合物以及2-(正辛基)-4-异噻唑啉-3-酮(OIT),此外还有多菌灵(carbendazim)、绿麦隆(chlorotoluron)、2,2-二溴-3-次氮基丙酰胺(DBNPA)、伏草隆(fluometuron)、3-碘-2-丙炔基丁基氨基甲酸酯(IPBC)、异丙隆(Isoproturon)、扑草净(Prometryn)或丙环唑(propiconazole)。
活性或有效物质在组合物中的浓度以本身已知的方式取决于应用所需的目的,通常基于组合物的总重量为0.01-60重量%,尤其是0.05-20重量%。对于着色剂,浓度通常基于分散体的重量为0.1-20重量%;对于活性物质,浓度通常为0.05-5重量%;对于UV稳定剂,浓度通常为0.05-5重量%;对于抗氧化剂,浓度通常为0.05-5重量%,基于组合物的重量。
在本发明另外的优选实施方案中,除有效物质外,水分散体已包含至少一种存在于步骤b)中所用组合物中的那些可交联化合物。这种组合物为新的且同样为本发明的目的。关于这些组合物的优选组分、浓度等,对于步骤b)中所用组合物的如下说明同样有效。
用步骤a)中的有效物质组合物浸渍木质纤维素材料可以以本身已知的方式,例如通过浸入、真空的应用,如果合适的话与压力结合,或通过常规施用方法如涂布、喷雾及类似方法而进行。每种情况下所用的浸渍方法自然取决于待浸渍材料的尺寸。尺寸小的木质纤维素材料,例如木片和木条(strand),以及薄胶合板,即高表面积与体积之比的材料可易于例如通过浸入或喷雾而浸渍,而尺寸更大的木质纤维素材料,尤其是最小尺寸规格大于5mm的材料,例如实木、实木或木基材料造的模制品通过压力或真空的施加,尤其通过压力和真空的组合施加而浸渍。浸渍有利地在小于50℃下,例如15-50℃下进行。
通常浸渍条件的选择使得吸收的含水组合物的量基于未处理材料的干重为至少20重量%,常常为至少30重量%。吸收的含水组合物的量基于所用未处理材料的干重可为至多100重量%,常常为20-100重量%,优选30-100重量%,尤其是40-100重量%。用于浸渍的未处理材料的含湿量不关键,可以例如为至多100%。在这里以及下面,术语“含湿量”与根据DIN 52183的术语“残余含湿量”同义。残余含湿量优选在木材的纤维饱和点以下。它常常为1-80%,尤其是5-50%。
就浸入而言,将木质纤维素材料,如果合适的话在预干燥后浸入包含含水组合物的容器中。浸入优选进行几秒至24小时,尤其是1分钟至6小时的时间。温度通常为15-50℃。这样做,木质纤维素材料吸收含水组合物,可通过含水组合物中有效物质的浓度,通过处理的温度和持续时间而控制木质纤维素材料吸收的有效物质的量。实际吸收的有效物质的量可由本领域技术人员以简单方式通过浸渍的材料的重量增加和含水组合物中有效物质的浓度而测定和控制。胶合板可例如通过使用压辊,即压延机预压,其存在于含水浸渍组合物中。在木材松弛期间发生真空,然后导致含水浸渍组合物的加速吸收。
浸渍有利地通过降低和升高的压力的结合应用而进行。为此,使通常含湿量为1-100%的木质纤维素材料首先在降低的压力,通常为10-500毫巴,尤其是40-400毫巴下例如通过浸入含水组合物中而与含水组合物接触。持续时间通常为1分钟至1小时。此后有升高的压力下,例如2-20巴,尤其是4-15巴,尤其是5-12巴的阶段。此阶段的持续时间通常为1分钟至12小时。温度通常为15-50℃。这样做,木质纤维素材料吸收含水组合物,可通过含水组合物中有效物质的浓度,通过压力,通过处理的温度和持续时间而控制组合物的量以及因此的木质纤维素材料吸收的有效物质的量。这里,实际吸收的有效物质量也可由木质纤维素材料的重量增加而计算。
此外,浸渍可通过用于将液体施用于表面的常规方法,例如通过喷雾或辊涂或涂布而进行。含湿量为不大于50%,尤其不大于30%,例如12-30%的材料有利地用于此目的。施用通常在15-50℃下进行。喷雾可以以常规方式在所有适合于扁平或细碎体的喷雾的设备中进行,例如使用喷嘴排列等。在涂布或辊涂的情况下,将所需量的含水组合物通过辊或刷子施涂于扁平材料上。
如果合适的话,可在步骤b)中浸渍之前干燥步骤a)中得到的木质纤维素材料,例如至适合于步骤b)中浸渍的残余含湿量。然而,也可省去干燥步骤或通过使用除有效物质外,还包含可交联化合物的含水组合物一起进行步骤a)和步骤b)。
步骤b)中所用的含水组合物的可交联化合物或有效物质的组成中的可交联化合物为低分子量化合物或具有低分子量的低聚物,其通常以完全溶解的形式存在于水中。可交联化合物的分子量通常为小于400道尔顿。假定由于这些性能,化合物可渗入木材的细胞壁,且一固化,则改善细胞壁的机械稳定性并降低它们由于水而引起的膨胀。
可交联化合物的实例为,不限于这些:
-1,3-双(羟甲基)-4,5-二羟基咪唑啉-2-酮(DMDHEU),
-用C1-C6链烷醇、C2-C6多元醇或低聚亚烷基二醇改性的1,3-双(羟甲基)-4,5-二羟基咪唑啉酮(改性的DMDHEU或mDMDHEU),
-1,3-双(羟甲基)脲,
-1,3-双(甲氧基甲基)脲;
-1-羟甲基-3-甲基脲,
-1,3-双(羟甲基)咪唑啉-2-酮(二羟甲基亚乙基脲),
-1,3-双(羟甲基)-1,3-六氢嘧啶-2-酮(二羟甲基亚丙基脲),
-1,3-双(甲氧基甲基)-4,5-二羟基咪唑啉-2-酮(DMeDHEU),
-四(羟甲基)乙炔二脲,
-低分子量三聚氰胺/甲醛树脂(MF树脂),例如2、3、4、5或6重羟甲基化的三聚氰胺,例如三(羟甲基)三聚氰胺(=2,4,6-三-(N-(羟甲基)氨基)-1,3,5-三嗪),和
-低分子量三聚氰胺/甲醛树脂(MF树脂),例如2、3、4、5或6重羟甲基化的三聚氰胺,例如三(羟甲基)三聚氰胺,其用C1-C6链烷醇、C2-C6多元醇或低聚亚烷基二醇改性(改性MF树脂)。
可交联化合物通常以含水组合物的形式使用。
化合物V、其预缩合物及其反应产物的含水组合物为本身已知的,例如由WO 2004/033171,WO 2004/033170,K.Fisher等“Textile Auxiliaries-Finishing Agents”,第7.2.2章,Ullmann′s Encyclopedia of IndustrialChemistry中,CD-ROM第5版,Wiley-VCH,Weinheim 1997,和那里所引用的文献,US 2,731,364,US 2,930,715,H.Diem等“Amino-Resins”,第7.2.1和7.2.2章,Ullmann′s Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry中,CD-ROM第5版,Wiley-VCH,Weinheim 1997,和那里所引用的文献,Houben-Weyl E20/3,第1811-1890页中已知,并通常用作织物整理的交联剂。N-羟甲基化的脲化合物V与醇的反应产物,例如改性1,3-双(羟甲基)-4,5-二羟基咪唑啉-2-酮(mDMDHEU)例如由US 4 396 391和WO98/29393已知。另外,化合物V和它们的反应产物和预缩合物为市售的。
在本发明的优选实施方案中,可交联化合物选自脲化合物V,其在每种情况下在脲单元(N-C(O)-N)的氮原子上带有如上定义的CH2OR基团,以及这种脲化合物V与C1-C6链烷醇、C2-C6多元醇或低聚亚烷基二醇的反应产物。可交联化合物尤其选自1,3-双(羟甲基)-4,5-二羟基咪唑啉-2-酮和用C1-C6链烷醇、C2-C6多元醇和/或聚亚烷基二醇改性的1,3-双(羟甲基)-4,5-二羟基咪唑啉-2-酮。聚亚烷基二醇的实例尤其是如下提到的低聚和聚C2-C4亚烷基二醇。
mDMDHEU为1,3-双(羟甲基)-4,5-二羟基咪唑啉-2-酮与C1-C6链烷醇、C2-C6多元醇或低聚乙二醇或这些醇的混合物的反应产物。适合的C1-6链烷醇例如为甲醇、乙醇、正丙醇、异丙醇、正丁醇和正戊醇;优选甲醇。适合的多元醇为乙二醇、二乙二醇、1,2-和1,3-丙二醇、1,2-、1,3-和1,4-丁二醇和丙三醇。适合的聚亚烷基二醇的实例尤其是下面提到的低聚和聚C2-C4亚烷基二醇。为制备mDMDHEU,将DMDHEU与链烷醇、多元醇或聚亚烷基二醇混合。就这点而言,一元醇、多元醇或低聚或聚亚烷基二醇通常以每种情况下基于DMDHEU,0.1-2.0,尤其是0.2-2的摩尔当量比使用。DMDHEU、多元醇或聚亚烷基二醇的混合物通常在优选20-70℃下和优选1-2.5的pH下在水中反应,pH在反应后通常调整至4-8。
在本发明的另一个优选实施方案中,可交联化合物选自至少2重,例如2-、3-、4-、5-、或6重,尤其是3重羟甲基化的三聚氰胺(聚(羟甲基)三聚氰胺)和用C1-C6链烷醇、C2-C6多元醇和/或聚亚烷基二醇改性的聚(羟甲基)三聚氰胺。聚亚烷基二醇的实例尤其是以下提到的低聚和聚C2-C4亚烷基二醇。
根据本发明待施用的含水组合物也可包含一种或多种上述醇,例如C1-C6链烷醇、C2-C6多元醇、低聚和聚亚烷基二醇或这些醇的混合物。适合的C1-6链烷醇例如为甲醇、乙醇、正丙醇、异丙醇、正丁醇和正戊醇;优选甲醇。适合的多元醇为乙二醇、二乙二醇、1,2-和1,3-丙二醇、1,2-、1,3-和1,4-丁二醇和丙三醇。适合的低聚和聚亚烷基二醇尤其是低聚和聚C2-C4亚烷基二醇,尤其是氧化乙烯和/或氧化丙烯的均低聚物和共低聚物,其如果合适的话可在低分子量引发剂的存在下得到,低分子量引发剂例如具有至少2个OH基团的脂族或环脂族多元醇,例如1,3-丙二醇、1,3-和1,4-丁二醇、1,5-戊二醇、1,6-己二醇、丙三醇、三羟甲基乙烷、三羟甲基丙烷、赤藓醇和季戊四醇,以及戊糖醇和己糖醇,例如核糖醇、阿糖醇、木糖醇、半乳糖醇、甘露糖醇和山梨糖醇,以及肌醇,或具有至少2个NH2基团的脂族或环脂族多胺,例如二亚乙基三胺、三亚乙基四胺、四亚乙基五胺、1,3-亚丙基二胺、二亚丙基三胺、1,4,8-三氮杂辛烷、1,5,8,12-四氮杂十二烷、六亚甲基二胺、二六亚甲基三胺、1,6-双(3-氨基丙基氨基)己烷、N-甲基二亚丙基三胺或聚乙烯亚胺,其中优选二乙二醇、三乙二醇、二、三和四丙二醇和来自BASF的低分子量Pluronic牌号(例如PluronicPE3100、PE 4300、PE 4400、RPE 1720、RPE 1740)。
可交联化合物在含水组合物中的浓度基于组合物的总重量通常为1-60重量%,常常为10-60重量%,尤其是15-50重量%。如果可固化含水组合物包含上述醇之一,其浓度优选1-50重量%,尤其是5-40重量%。可交联化合物和醇的总量通常占含水组合物总重量的10-60重量%,尤其是20-50重量%。
步骤b)中所用的含水组合物通常包含至少一种导致化合物V或它的反应产物或预缩合物交联的催化剂K。来自金属卤化物、金属硫酸盐、金属硝酸盐、金属磷酸盐、金属四氟硼酸盐的金属盐;三氟化硼;来自卤化铵、硫酸铵、草酸铵和磷酸二铵的铵盐;和有机羧酸、有机磺酸、硼酸、磷酸、硫酸和盐酸通常适合用作催化剂K。
适用作催化剂K的金属盐的实例尤其是氯化镁、硫酸镁、氯化锌、氯化锂、溴化锂、氯化铝、硫酸铝、硝酸锌和四氟硼酸钠。
适用作催化剂K的铵盐的实例尤其是氯化铵、硫酸铵、草酸铵和磷酸二铵。
水溶性有机羧酸,例如马来酸、富马酸、柠檬酸、酒石酸和草酸,此外还有苯磺酸,例如对甲苯磺酸,以及无机酸,例如盐酸、磷酸、硫酸、硼酸及其混合物也特别适合作为催化剂K。
催化剂K优选选自氯化镁、氯化锌、硫酸镁、硫酸铝及其混合物,特别优选氯化镁。
催化剂K通常仅在步骤b)浸渍之前不久加入水分散体中。基于存在于含水组合物中的可固化组分的总重量,其用量通常为1-20重量%,尤其是2-10重量%。催化剂的浓度基于水分散体的总重量通常为0.1-10重量%,尤其是0.5-5重量%。
步骤b)中的浸渍可以以本身常规方式,例如通过浸入、通过施加真空,如果合适的话与压力组合,或通过常规施用方法,例如涂布、喷雾等而进行。每种情况下所用的浸渍方法自然取决于待浸渍材料的尺寸。具有小尺寸的木质纤维素材料,例如木片或木条,以及薄胶合板,即具有大表面积与体积之比的材料可易于例如通过浸入或喷雾而浸渍,而具有较大尺寸的木质纤维素材料,尤其是最小尺寸为大于5mm的材料,例如实木、实木或木基材料造的模制品,通过施加压力或真空,尤其通过组合施加压力和真空而浸渍。有利的是,浸渍在50℃以下的温度,例如15-50℃下进行。
通常步骤b)中浸渍条件的选择使得含水组合物的可固化组分的吸收量基于步骤a)中得到的材料的干重为至少1重量%。可固化组分的吸收量基于步骤a)中得到的材料的干重可以为至多100重量%,常常为1-60重量%,优选5-50重量%,尤其是10-30重量%。用于步骤b)的浸渍的材料的含湿量不关键,可以例如为至多100%。在这里以及下面,术语“含湿量”与根据DIN 52183的术语残余含湿量同义。残余含湿量优选在木材的纤维饱和点以下。它常常为1-80%,尤其是5-50%。
就浸入而言,将木质纤维素材料,如果合适的话在预干燥后浸入包含含水组合物的容器中。浸入优选进行几秒至24小时,尤其是1分钟至6小时的时间。温度通常为15-50℃。这样做,木质纤维素材料吸收含水组合物,可通过含水组合物中非含水组分(即可固化组分)的浓度,通过处理的温度和持续时间而控制木质纤维素材料吸收的这些组分的量。实际吸收的组分的量可由本领域技术人员以简单方式通过浸渍的材料的重量增加和含水组合物中组分的浓度而测定和控制。胶合板可预先例如通过压辊,即压延机预压,其存在于含水浸渍组合物中。在木材松弛期间发生的真空然后导致含水浸渍组合物的加速吸收。
浸渍有利地通过降低和升高的压力的结合应用而进行。为此,使通常含湿量为1-100%的木质纤维素材料首先在降低的压力,通常为10-500毫巴,尤其是40-100毫巴下例如通过浸入含水组合物中而与含水组合物接触。持续时间通常为1分钟至1小时。此后为在升高的压力下,例如2-20巴,尤其是4-15巴,尤其是5-12巴的阶段。此阶段的持续时间通常为1分钟至12小时。温度通常为15-50℃。这样做,木质纤维素材料吸收含水组合物,可通过含水组合物中非含水组分(即可固化组分)的浓度,借助压力以及借助处理的温度和持续时间而控制木质纤维素材料吸收这些组分的量。这里,实际吸收的量也可由木质纤维素材料的重量增加而计算。
此外,浸渍可通过将液体施用于表面的常规方法,例如通过喷雾或辊涂或涂布而进行。就此而言,有利地使用含湿量为不大于50%,尤其不大于30%,例如12-30%的材料。施用通常在15-50℃下进行。喷雾可以以常规方式在所有适合于扁平或细碎体的喷雾的设备中进行,例如使用喷嘴排列等。对于涂布或辊涂,将所需量的含水组合物通过辊或刷子施涂于扁平材料上。
随后,在步骤c)中,使步骤b)中所用的含水组合物的可交联组分固化。固化可类似于现有技术所述的方法,例如通过WO 2004/033170和WO2004/033171所述的方法而进行。
固化通常通过在大于80℃,尤其是大于90℃的温度,例如90-220℃,尤其是100-200℃下处理步骤b)中所得到的材料而进行。固化所需的时间通常为10分钟至72小时。更高温度和更短时间可用于胶合板和细碎木质纤维素材料。在固化期间,不仅固化的浸渍剂填满木质纤维素材料中的孔,而且在浸渍剂和木质纤维素材料自身之间发生交联。
如果合适的话,干燥步骤,随后称作预干燥步骤可在固化以前进行。就这点而言,部分或完全除去含水组合物的挥发性组分,尤其是水和在脲化合物的固化/交联中不反应的过量有机溶剂。术语“预干燥”意指将木质纤维素材料干燥至纤维饱和点以下,纤维饱和点取决于木材的类型为约30重量%。预干燥抵消了大规模体,尤其是实木裂的危险。对于小规模材料或胶合板,预干燥可省去。然而,对于具有相对大尺寸的材料,预干燥为有利的。如果进行独立的预干燥,这有利的在20-80℃下进行。取决于所选择的干燥温度,可发生存在于组合物中的可固化组分的部分或完全固化/交联。浸渍材料的结合预干燥/固化通常通过应用可在50-220℃,尤其是80-200℃的温度变化而进行。
固化/干燥可以在常规新鲜空气排气系统中,例如旋转干燥机中进行。预干燥优选以使预干燥后细碎木质纤维素材料的含湿量基于干重不大于30%,尤其不大于20%的方式进行。可以有利地将干燥/固化进行至基于干重<10%,尤其是<5%的含湿量。含湿量可以以简单的方式通过预干燥中所选择的压力、温度和持续时间而控制。
如果合适的话,附着的液体将在干燥/固化之前通过机械方法而除去。
在大材料的情况下,已证明有用的是在干燥/固化期间将它们例如固定在热压机中。
如果它们不是现成的成品,则在步骤b)中浸渍或在步骤c)中固化的木质纤维素材料可以以本身已知的方式进一步加工,在细碎材料的情况下,例如以得到模制品,如OSB板(定向结构板)、碎料板、华夫木条板、OSL板(定向木片胶合木)和OSL模制品、PSL板(平行木片胶合木)和PSL模制品、绝缘板和中密度(MDF)和高密度(HDF)纤维板、木塑复合材料(WPC)及类似物,在胶合板的情况下以得到胶合板材料,例如胶合纤维板、胶合CLV板、胶合碎料板,包括胶合OSL(定向木片胶合木)和PSL板(平行木片胶合木)、层板、胶合层压板、层压板、胶合叠层木板(例如Kerto层压板)、多重板、单板层积材(LVL),装饰胶合板材,例如包覆板、天花板和预制的镶木板,以及非平面的三维成型组件,例如成型层压木制品、成型层板制品和其他层压有至少一个板层的任意成型制品。进一步加工可在步骤b)中的浸渍后立即进行或在步骤c)中的固化期间或之后进行。在浸渍胶合板的情况下,进一步加工有利地在固化步骤之前或与固化步骤一起进行。对于包含细碎材料制成的模制品,模塑步骤和固化步骤同时进行。
如果浸渍的木质纤维素材料为实木或现成的木基材料,则这些可以在步骤c)的处理前以常规方式进行,例如通过锯切、刨削、砂磨等。根据本发明浸渍并固化的实木特别适合于生产经受湿气,尤其是受气候影响的制品,例如建筑木材、横梁、木制结构部件、用于木阳台、木瓦、栅栏、木质纤维素柱、铁路枕木或用于内部装饰和上部结构的造船中的制品。
如下实施例用以阐明本发明。
用颜料浸渍的通用程序:
将商业固体或含水颜料制剂或液体染料制剂(见表1)用水稀释至表2中给出的浓度。通过加入硫酸将pH调整至6-8的值。在室温下将30重量份N,N-双(羟甲基)-4,5-双羟基咪唑啉-2-酮的商业浓缩含水制剂(来自BASFAktiengesellschaft的FixapretCP)和1.5重量份MgCl2·6H2O搅拌加入100重量份这种含水制剂中。
为了比较,测试没有加入N,N-双(羟甲基)-4,5-双羟基咪唑啉-2-酮的相应组合物。
将正面涂有2K清漆的尺寸为3cm×3cm×3cm的松木立方体完全浸入因此得到的制剂中,负载重量并在轻微负压力下储存1小时。然后使浸渍组合物在标准压力下作用另外4小时。然后,将因此浸渍的木材试样在循环空气干燥箱中在120℃下干燥36小时。
性能测试:
将得到的测试试样锯成两半,视觉上检查染料渗透。根据本发明制备的木材试样和不是根据本发明制备的木材试样均被染料完全渗透。
为了评估抗迁移性,将分成两半的木材试样在每种情况下在室温下在水中储存1星期,视觉上评估着色剂的渗出(bleeding)。渗出可根据如下分类尺度评估:
1无渗出
2轻微渗出
3渗出
4强烈渗出
结果在表2中给出。
表1:所用的着色剂
着色剂 | ||||
编号 | 类型 | 商品名 | C.I. | 含量[%]1) |
1 | 颜料,固体 | Xfast Red 2817 | P.R.101 | 60 |
2 | 颜料,固体 | Xfast Yellow 1916 | P.Y.42 | 60 |
3 | 颜料,固体 | Xfast White ED 7623 | P.W.6 | 80 |
4 | 颜料,固体 | Xfast Black 0066 | P.Bl.72 | 80 |
5 | 颜料,固体 | Xfast Blue 7080 | P.B.15:3 | 80 |
6 | 颜料,固体 | Xfast Blue 6875 | P.B.15:2 | 80 |
7 | 颜料,固体 | Xfast Green 8730 | P.G.7 | 80 |
8 | 颜料,固体 | Xfast Violet 5894 | P.V.23 | 80 |
9 | 颜料,液体 | Luconyl Red 3855 | P.R.112 | 40 |
10 | 颜料,液体 | Luconyl Blue 7080 | P.B.15:3 | 50 |
11 | 颜料,液体 | Luconyl Green 7830 | P.G.7 | 50 |
12 | 颜料,液体 | Luconyl Yellow 1252 | P.Y.74 | 50 |
13 | 染料,液体 | Fastusol Blue 75 L | -- | 40-50 |
14 | 染料,液体 | Fastusol Red 43 L | -- | 40-50 |
15 | 颜料/染料 | Xfast Black/Fastusol Blue 75 L | -- | 重量比1∶2 |
1)着色剂含量,基于商品。
所有测试的颜料制剂包含聚合阴离子分散剂。
表2:
实施例编号 | 着色剂 | 浓度+)[重量%] | 交联剂++) | 抗迁移性 |
1 | 1 | 7 | 是 | 1 |
1a | 1 | 7 | 否 | 3 |
2 | 2 | 14 | 是 | 1 |
2a | 2 | 14 | 否 | 3 |
3 | 3 | 20 | 是 | 1 |
3a | 3 | 20 | 否 | 3 |
4 | 4 | 5 | 是 | 1 |
4a | 4 | 5 | 否 | 3 |
5 | 5 | 10 | 是 | 1 |
5a | 5 | 10 | 否 | 3 |
6 | 6 | 10 | 是 | 1 |
6a | 6 | 10 | 否 | 3 |
7 | 7 | 10 | 是 | 1 |
7a | 7 | 10 | 否 | 3 |
8 | 8 | 10 | 是 | 1 |
8a | 8 | 10 | 否 | 3 |
9 | 9 | 30 | 是 | 1 |
9a | 9 | 30 | 否 | 3 |
10 | 10 | 20 | 是 | 1 |
10a | 10 | 20 | 否 | 3 |
11 | 11 | 20 | 是 | 1 |
11a | 11 | 20 | 否 | 3 |
12 | 12 | 40 | 是 | 1 |
12a | 12 | 40 | 否 | 3 |
13 | 13 | 10 | 是 | 2 |
13a* | 13 | 10 | 否 | 4 |
14 | 14 | 10 | 是 | 2 |
14a* | 14 | 10 | 否 | 4 |
15 | 15 | 15 | 是 | 2 |
15a* | 15 | 15 | 否 | 4 |
*不根据本发明
+)根据通用程序所使用的商品的量
++)N,N-双(羟甲基)-4,5-双羟基咪唑啉-2-酮。
Claims (24)
1.一种用有效物质浸渍木质纤维素材料的方法,其包括如下步骤:
a)用包含至少一种溶解或分散形式的有效物质的液体制剂浸渍木质纤维素材料,和
b)在步骤a)期间或之后,用包含至少一种可交联化合物的可固化含水组合物浸渍,可交联化合物选自:
α)低分子量化合物V,其具有至少两个式CH2OR的N键合基团,
其中R为氢或C1-C4烷基,和/或桥接两个氮原子的1,2-双羟基乙烷-1,2-二基基团,
β)化合物V的预缩合物和
γ)化合物V与至少一种选自C1-C6链烷醇、C2-C6多元醇和低聚亚烷基二醇的醇的反应产物或混合物;以及
c)在升高的温度下处理步骤b)中得到的材料。
2.根据权利要求1的方法,其中所述有效物质选自着色剂、UV稳定剂、抗氧化剂、杀真菌剂和杀虫剂。
3.根据权利要求1或2的方法,其中所述有效物质以含水组合物的形式使用,其中所述有效物质以粒度不大于2000nm的溶解或分散形式存在。
4.根据权利要求3的方法,其中所述用于步骤a)中的组合物包含至少一种分散在水相中的颜料和/或一种与颜料不同且平均粒度为50-2000nm的分散的有效物质。
5.根据权利要求4的方法,其中所述用于步骤a)中的组合物包含至少一种选自阴离子和中性聚合分散剂的聚合分散剂。
6.根据前述权利要求中任一项的方法,其中所述用于步骤a)中的组合物以0.01-60重量%的浓度包含有效物质。
7.根据前述权利要求中任一项的方法,其中所述可固化组合物的可交联化合物选自:
-1,3-双(羟甲基)-4,5-二羟基咪唑啉-2-酮,
-用C1-C6链烷醇、C2-C6多元醇或低聚亚烷基二醇改性的1,3-双(羟甲基)-4,5-二羟基咪唑啉酮,
-1,3-双(羟甲基)脲,
-1,3-双(甲氧基甲基)脲;
-1-羟甲基-3-甲基脲,
-1,3-双(羟甲基)咪唑啉-2-酮(二羟甲基亚乙基脲),
-1,3-双(羟甲基)-1,3-六氢嘧啶-2-酮(二羟甲基亚丙基脲),
-1,3-双(甲氧基甲基)-4,5-二羟基咪唑啉-2-酮(DMeDHEU),
-四(羟甲基)乙炔二脲,
-低分子量三聚氰胺/甲醛树脂,以及
-用C1-C6链烷醇、C2-C6多元醇或低聚亚烷基二醇改性的低分子量三聚氰胺/甲醛树脂(改性MF树脂)。
8.根据前述权利要求中任一项的方法,其中所述可交联化合物在可固化含水组合物中的浓度基于组合物的总重量为1-60重量%
9.根据前述权利要求中任一项的方法,其中所述含水组合物额外包含导致可交联化合物固化的催化剂K。
10.根据权利要求9的方法,所述催化剂K选自来自金属卤化物、金属硫酸盐、金属硝酸盐、金属磷酸盐和金属四氟硼酸盐的金属盐;三氟化硼;来自卤化铵、硫酸铵、草酸铵和磷酸二铵的铵盐;有机羧酸、有机磺酸、硼酸、磷酸、硫酸和盐酸。
11.根据前述权利要求中任一项的方法,其中步骤b)在步骤a)之后进行。
12.根据权利要求1-10中任一项的方法,其中步骤a)和步骤b)同时进行。
13.根据权利要求12的方法,其中使用包含如下组分的含水组合物:
i)至少一种溶解或分散的有效物质和
ii)至少一种选自如下化合物的可交联化合物:
α)低分子量化合物V,其具有至少两个式CH2OR的N键合基团,
其中R为氢或C1-C4烷基,和/或桥接两个氮原子的1,2-双羟基乙烷-1,2-二基基团,
β)化合物V的预缩合物和
γ)化合物V与至少一种选自C1-C6链烷醇、C2-C6多元醇和低聚亚烷基二醇的醇的反应产物或混合物。
14.根据前述权利要求中任一项的方法,其中所述浸渍在小于50℃下进行。
15.根据前述权利要求中任一项的方法,其中所述木质纤维素材料为木材或木基材料。
16.一种可通过前述权利要求中任一项的方法而得到的木质纤维素材料。
17.一种含水组合物,其包含:
i)至少一种溶解或分散的有效物质和
ii)至少一种选自如下化合物的可交联化合物:
α)低分子量化合物V,其具有至少两个式CH2OR的N键合基团,
其中R为氢或C1-C4烷基,和/或桥接两个氮原子的1,2-双羟基乙烷-1,2-二基基团,
β)化合物V的预缩合物和
γ)化合物V与至少一种选自C1-C6链烷醇、C2-C6多元醇和低聚亚烷基二醇的醇的反应产物或混合物。
18.根据权利要求17的组合物,其中所述有效物质选自涂料、颜料、UV稳定剂、抗氧化剂、杀真菌剂和杀虫剂。
19.根据权利要求18的组合物,其包含至少一种分散在水相中的颜料和/或一种平均粒度为50-2000nm的分散的有效物质。
20.根据权利要求19的组合物,其额外包含至少一种阴离子聚合分散剂。
21.根据权利要求17-20中任一项的组合物,其以0.1-20重量%的浓度包含有效物质。
22.包含至少一种分散在水相中的颜料和/或平均粒度为50-2000nm的分散的有效物质和至少一种选自阴离子和中性聚合分散剂的分散剂的含水有效物质组合物在浸渍木质纤维素材料中的用途。
23.根据权利要求22的用途,其中所述木质纤维素材料包含木材。
24.根据权利要求23的用途,其中所述木质纤维素材料为实木制造体。
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CN109563271A (zh) * | 2016-07-18 | 2019-04-02 | Ifp 新能源公司 | 通过浸渍和水蒸气爆破处理木质纤维素生物质的方法 |
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DE102005047363A1 (de) | 2005-10-04 | 2007-04-12 | Basf Ag | Formaldehydarmes Lignocellulosematerial und Verfahren zu dessen Herstellung |
NZ551766A (en) * | 2006-12-04 | 2009-05-31 | Zelam Ltd | Use of a wood modifying composition which comprises a hydrophilic prepolymer and a crosslinking agent |
BR122017001862B1 (pt) * | 2009-08-05 | 2017-06-20 | Dow Global Technologies Llc | Antimicrobial composition synergistic |
CN101693836B (zh) * | 2009-10-21 | 2013-01-23 | 苏州科技学院 | 一种含硼膨胀型阻燃剂 |
CN102101929B (zh) * | 2009-12-18 | 2013-10-16 | 罗门哈斯公司 | 可固化水性组合物 |
US20140045970A1 (en) * | 2012-02-06 | 2014-02-13 | Dow Global Technologies Llc | Synergistic antimicrobial composition |
US10155325B2 (en) * | 2012-12-21 | 2018-12-18 | Nanomech, Inc. | Functionalized and multifunctional composite material, method and applications |
LT6135B (lt) * | 2013-05-24 | 2015-03-25 | Uab "Grigo" | Juodojo ąžuolo gamybos būdas |
PL3235370T3 (pl) | 2015-09-17 | 2018-12-31 | SWISS KRONO Tec AG | Mata z włókna drzewnego do stosowania jako substrat roślinny |
FR3044577B1 (fr) * | 2015-12-07 | 2017-12-22 | Timothee Boitouzet | Procede de delignification partielle et de remplissage d'un materiau ligno-cellulosique, et structure de materiau composite obtenue par ce procede |
FR3067275B1 (fr) | 2017-06-07 | 2022-08-12 | Timothee Boitouzet | Procede de delignification partielle par voie supercritique ou subcritique et de remplissage d'un materiau ligno-cellulosique |
US11072086B2 (en) * | 2017-08-15 | 2021-07-27 | Koppers Performance Chemicals Inc. | Wood pigment compositions and wood treatment processes |
FR3077895B1 (fr) | 2018-02-09 | 2020-02-28 | Sas Woodoo | Dispositif de detection tactile avec interface tactile en materiau composite |
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CN107283566A (zh) * | 2017-04-24 | 2017-10-24 | 中国林业科学研究院木材工业研究所 | 乐器指板木质材料及其制备方法及其声学功能体浸渍液 |
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AR054352A1 (es) | 2007-06-20 |
US20080160288A1 (en) | 2008-07-03 |
WO2006117162A2 (de) | 2006-11-09 |
WO2006117162A3 (de) | 2007-01-25 |
MX2007012874A (es) | 2007-12-10 |
JP2008540159A (ja) | 2008-11-20 |
AU2006243371A1 (en) | 2006-11-09 |
CA2606781A1 (en) | 2006-11-09 |
KR20080005252A (ko) | 2008-01-10 |
BRPI0610472A2 (pt) | 2016-11-08 |
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