CN101169199B - 管道及其制造方法和相应的工具 - Google Patents

管道及其制造方法和相应的工具 Download PDF

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CN101169199B
CN101169199B CN2007101944015A CN200710194401A CN101169199B CN 101169199 B CN101169199 B CN 101169199B CN 2007101944015 A CN2007101944015 A CN 2007101944015A CN 200710194401 A CN200710194401 A CN 200710194401A CN 101169199 B CN101169199 B CN 101169199B
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M·科昂
L·居约内
R·穆蒂斯
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    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23P—METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; COMBINED OPERATIONS; UNIVERSAL MACHINE TOOLS
    • B23P9/00—Treating or finishing surfaces mechanically, with or without calibrating, primarily to resist wear or impact, e.g. smoothing or roughening turbine blades or bearings; Features of such surfaces not otherwise provided for, their treatment being unspecified
    • B23P9/04—Treating or finishing by hammering or applying repeated pressure
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16L—PIPES; JOINTS OR FITTINGS FOR PIPES; SUPPORTS FOR PIPES, CABLES OR PROTECTIVE TUBING; MEANS FOR THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16L9/00—Rigid pipes
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05D—PROCESSES FOR APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05D7/00—Processes, other than flocking, specially adapted for applying liquids or other fluent materials to particular surfaces or for applying particular liquids or other fluent materials
    • B05D7/22—Processes, other than flocking, specially adapted for applying liquids or other fluent materials to particular surfaces or for applying particular liquids or other fluent materials to internal surfaces, e.g. of tubes
    • B05D7/222—Processes, other than flocking, specially adapted for applying liquids or other fluent materials to particular surfaces or for applying particular liquids or other fluent materials to internal surfaces, e.g. of tubes of pipes
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B1/00—Layered products having a non-planar shape
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B15/00—Layered products comprising a layer of metal
    • B32B15/04—Layered products comprising a layer of metal comprising metal as the main or only constituent of a layer, which is next to another layer of the same or of a different material
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    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
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    • B32B15/00—Layered products comprising a layer of metal
    • B32B15/18—Layered products comprising a layer of metal comprising iron or steel
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B27/00—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin
    • B32B27/32—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin comprising polyolefins
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    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B27/00—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin
    • B32B27/34—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin comprising polyamides
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16L—PIPES; JOINTS OR FITTINGS FOR PIPES; SUPPORTS FOR PIPES, CABLES OR PROTECTIVE TUBING; MEANS FOR THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16L58/00—Protection of pipes or pipe fittings against corrosion or incrustation
    • F16L58/02—Protection of pipes or pipe fittings against corrosion or incrustation by means of internal or external coatings
    • F16L58/04—Coatings characterised by the materials used
    • F16L58/10—Coatings characterised by the materials used by rubber or plastics
    • F16L58/1009—Coatings characterised by the materials used by rubber or plastics the coating being placed inside the pipe
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16L—PIPES; JOINTS OR FITTINGS FOR PIPES; SUPPORTS FOR PIPES, CABLES OR PROTECTIVE TUBING; MEANS FOR THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16L9/00—Rigid pipes
    • F16L9/02—Rigid pipes of metal
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16L—PIPES; JOINTS OR FITTINGS FOR PIPES; SUPPORTS FOR PIPES, CABLES OR PROTECTIVE TUBING; MEANS FOR THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16L9/00—Rigid pipes
    • F16L9/14—Compound tubes, i.e. made of materials not wholly covered by any one of the preceding groups
    • F16L9/147—Compound tubes, i.e. made of materials not wholly covered by any one of the preceding groups comprising only layers of metal and plastics with or without reinforcement
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
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    • B05D2401/30—Form of the coating product, e.g. solution, water dispersion, powders or the like the coating being applied in other forms than involving eliminable solvent, diluent or dispersant
    • B05D2401/32—Form of the coating product, e.g. solution, water dispersion, powders or the like the coating being applied in other forms than involving eliminable solvent, diluent or dispersant applied as powders
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    • B05D—PROCESSES FOR APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05D3/00—Pretreatment of surfaces to which liquids or other fluent materials are to be applied; After-treatment of applied coatings, e.g. intermediate treating of an applied coating preparatory to subsequent applications of liquids or other fluent materials
    • B05D3/02—Pretreatment of surfaces to which liquids or other fluent materials are to be applied; After-treatment of applied coatings, e.g. intermediate treating of an applied coating preparatory to subsequent applications of liquids or other fluent materials by baking
    • B05D3/0218—Pretreatment, e.g. heating the substrate
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05D—PROCESSES FOR APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05D3/00—Pretreatment of surfaces to which liquids or other fluent materials are to be applied; After-treatment of applied coatings, e.g. intermediate treating of an applied coating preparatory to subsequent applications of liquids or other fluent materials
    • B05D3/12—Pretreatment of surfaces to which liquids or other fluent materials are to be applied; After-treatment of applied coatings, e.g. intermediate treating of an applied coating preparatory to subsequent applications of liquids or other fluent materials by mechanical means
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T29/00—Metal working
    • Y10T29/49—Method of mechanical manufacture
    • Y10T29/49826—Assembling or joining
    • Y10T29/49885—Assembling or joining with coating before or during assembling
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
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    • Y10T29/51—Plural diverse manufacturing apparatus including means for metal shaping or assembling
    • Y10T29/5185—Tube making

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Abstract

本发明公开的管道包括：金属基体(8)，其限定了基体外表面(10)和基体内表面(12)；和施加于基体内表面(12)上的内覆层(14)。内覆层(14)包括热塑性材料或聚酰胺。管道适用于输送饮用水。

Description

管道及其制造方法和相应的工具
技术领域
本发明涉及一种管道，这种管道包括：金属基体，其限定基体外表面和基体内表面；和施加于基体内表面的内覆层。
背景技术
根据现有技术，众所周知，管道用来输送饮用水，特别是用于供水领域。
这些管道包括金属基体，对内表面施加适于接触食品的内覆层。一般使用的覆层要求制备基体内表面以使覆层能粘接紧密。制备内表面的方法传统上是单独的喷丸处理或研磨，或者是钻削和喷丸处理的组合。
这些用于制备基体内表面的方法是高成本的。尤其是在采用喷丸处理的情况下，由于时间和与回收喷丸有关成本的缘故，所以成本很高。
此外，有时为了获得所需的覆层粘附程度，这些用于制备表面的方法需要利用底漆。
发明内容
本发明的目的是要减少管道的制造成本。
为此目的，本发明涉及一种上面提到的类型的管道，内覆层包括基于聚烯烃或基于聚酰胺的热塑性材料。
根据具体实施方式，依据本发明的管道包括一个或多个下面的特征：
-内覆层由热塑性材料和丙烯酸材料组成；
-基体是铸铁，特别是球墨铸铁；
-基体平均壁厚小于4mm；
-内表面通过锤击获得。
本发明还涉及一种制造方法，其特征在于，它包括以下步骤：
a)从基体未被加工的内表面去除粗糙部分，从而获得局部钻削的内表面，粗糙部分的去除通过对未被加工的内表面局部钻削来实现；
b)通过锤击钻削后的内表面而至少部分去除氧化层，获得锤击过的内表面；
c)施加内覆层于锤击过的内表面上，此覆层包括基于聚烯烃或基于聚酰胺的热塑性材料。
根据具体实施方式，依据本发明的方法包括一个或多个下面的特征：
-内覆层由热塑性材料和丙烯酸材料组成；
-施加内覆层的步骤包括将覆层的固体微粒喷射到基体的表面上；和
-在施加覆层步骤前，基体被加热到覆层微粒的熔化温度；
-在施加覆层步骤前，钻削和锤击的残渣，特别是通过抽吸或吹扫被去除。
-在钻削步骤前，执行由铸铁特别是由球墨铸铁制造基体的补充步骤。
最后，本发明涉及一种用于加工一种管道的基体的内表面的工具，该工具限定了中心轴线，其特征在于，该工具包括：
-轴向钻削部，其设置有至少一个能相对于工具的中心轴线径向移动的钻削刃，
-轴向锤击部，其设置有至少一个第一锤击部件，所述第一锤击部件能相对于工具的中心轴线径向移动并能绕其自身的平行于工具的中心轴线延伸的轴线自由旋转。
此外，该表面加工工具可包括下面特征：
轴向锤击部包括能相对于中心轴线径向移动并能绕其自身的平行于工具的中心轴线延伸的轴线自由旋转的第二锤击部件。
附图说明
通过阅读只是以示例形式并结合相关附图给出的下列描述，可以更好地理解本发明，其中：
-附图1是未加工状态的管道的基体纵剖面图；
-附图2是在使用本发明的表面加工工具进行表面制备的步骤期间，附图1的管道基体的视图；
-附图3是在依据本发明的方法的涂覆步骤期间，基体的视图；
-附图4是依据本发明完成后的管道的纵剖面图；和
-附图5是用于制备基体表面的表面加工工具的纵剖面图。
具体实施方式
附图4示出了依据本发明的管道，其整体以标记2表示。
管道2沿着中心轴线X-X延伸，并且有具有平面尾段4的第一端和包括嵌套尾段6的第二端。
管道2由基体8组成，其例如由铸铁特别是由球墨铸铁制成。基体8限定了基体外表面10和基体内表面12。
就管道2来说，外表面10是自由表面，但是也可以覆盖上外覆层。
管道2还包括施加于内表面12上的内覆层14。内覆层14是一种遵守所有欧洲卫生规定的材料，所以管道2适于输送饮用水，特别是用于供水领域。
依据本发明，内覆层14包括可能基于聚烯烃或基于聚酰胺的热塑性材料。优选地，内覆层14由一种热塑性材料和一种丙烯酸材料组成。由于这些材料，内覆层14以一种有效的方式粘附于内表面12上。
骤酰胺材料例如可以是骤酰胺11或12(NYLON
Figure 2007101944015_0
)。
热塑性材料例如可以是包括借助于和丙烯酸的共聚作用而官能化的聚乙烯。
使用内覆层14使基体8糙成特别小的壁厚e。壁厚e例如平均小于4mm。覆层14的厚度例如小于1mm。
附图1到3示出了依据本发明制造管道2的方法的步骤。
第一步，基体8例如通过浇铸一种熔融金属或一种熔融金属合金，并且特别是通过离心浇铸法而制得。获得的未加工的基体8包括未加工的内表面22，其提供相对于轴线X-X向内径向突出的粗糙部分20。此外，未加工内表面22覆盖着一层未示出的氧化铁，氧化铁有害于内覆层14的粘附。
第二步中，如附图2所示，粗糙部分20通过局部钻削该表面22而从未加工的表面22被去除，因此获得钻削后的表面26。
钻削后的表面26包括未被氧化的自由部分、具有高粘附水平的氧化层的部分、和具有低粘附水平的氧化层的部分。然后残存在钻削后的表面26上的具有低粘附水平的氧化层的部分在第三步期间通过锤击钻削后的内表面26而被去除，获得已完成的锤击的内表面12。
第二和第三步利用表面加工工具30来完成。
在钻削和锤击期间或在此之后，钻削和锤击的残渣从基体10的内侧例如通过抽吸或吹扫被去除。
附图3示出了将内覆层14施加到基体8上的步骤。
为此，基体8被加热到高于覆层熔化温度的水平，例如加热到在220℃和300℃之间的温度，尤其是加热到250℃的温度。
在基体8已经达到熔化温度后，投射头部32与轴线X-X平行地运动被放入到基体8中，并放射状地向外投射覆层固体微粒34于基体8的内表面12上。当微粒34与内表面12接触时，它们溶化并润湿表面12，形成一层液体覆层35。然后，基体8和液体覆层35被冷却至环境温度，并且通过凝固获得内覆层14。
值得注意的是，在锤击步骤和施加覆层微粒34步聚之间，表面12不被加工并且特别是不需要施加固定底漆。
附图5示出了用来加工基体8的内表面的表面加工工具30。
表面加工工具30包括基本上为圆柱体的基体52。
工具30限定了在加工实施过程中与轴线X-X共轴的中心轴线Y-Y。
表面加工工具30提供了第一轴向钻削部54和第二轴向锤击部56，以及轴向固定部58。钻削部54形成了工具30的第一轴向末端，并且固定部58形成了该工具30的第二轴向末端。
钻削部54包括多个凹槽60。每一个凹槽60是径向敞开的并限定了两个径向向内的邻接表面62。钻削刃64插入每个凹槽60中。刃64限定了径向朝外的钻削刃口66并包括两个与邻接表面62互补的邻接表面68。
凹槽60和钻削刃64以这样的方式被配置，即钻削刃64能相对于轴线Y-Y在缩进位置和延伸位置之间径向移动。钻削刃64的缩进位置示于附图5的上部，钻削刃64的延伸位置用点划线示于附图5的下部。值得注意的是，钻削刃64的延伸位置通过使邻接表面68抵靠在邻接表面62上来限定。
此外，钻削刃64能在它们的延伸位置和缩进位置之间自由移动，也就是说，它们不用弹簧推动，也不用任何其它施加机械力的装置推动。
轴向锤击部56有多个向外径向敞开的凹槽70。如附图5所示的工具包括三组轴向上相互偏置的凹槽70。每一组凹槽70由三个在轴线Y-Y周围沿周向分布的凹槽70组成。锤击部件容纳于每一个凹槽70中。在这种情况下，每一个锤击部件由通常为圆柱形的轮72构成。在每个凹槽70中布置有轴向上互相偏置的两个轮72。每一个轮72限定了一个锤击表面74。锤击表面74具有锤击条纹(markings)。锤击条纹可以平行于轴线Y-Y延伸或相对于轴线倾斜的。如果这些锤击条纹是相对于轴线Y-Y倾斜的，布置于同一凹槽70内的两个轮72具有不同的倾斜方向。
每一个轮72设有一个具有其本身轴线Z-Z的中心孔76。
锤击部56还设有保持杆78，其轴向延伸通过凹槽70和延伸通过有关的轮72的中心孔76。杆78的径向尺寸或直径d小于中心孔76的径向尺寸或直径D。这样，轮72能在缩进位置和延伸位置之间径向移动，在缩进位置，锤击表面74与基体52的外表面基本平齐，在延伸位置，当钻削刃64位于其延伸位置时锤击表面74径向延伸到刃口66之外。
在一个变型中，除了杆78之外，有间隙的轴向保持装置都可以被设想用于轮72。同样地，在另一种变型中，也可以设想采用其它的锤击部件，例如球体。
工具30还包括适于吹扫以将钻削和锤击残渣吹出基体8的吹扫工具80。这些吹扫工具80包括设置在基体52内的中心孔82。第一分流孔84把中心孔82和凹槽70连接起来。第二分流孔86在钻削部54区域内把中心孔82和基体52的外表面连接起来。
在表面加工操作期间，中心孔82被提供经分流孔84、86排放的压缩空气。
为了加工表面，工具30被驱动围绕轴线Y-Y，例如以1500rpm旋转，并且在引入方向I上被轴向引入基体8。由于离心力，刃口66被推向邻接表面62。刃64连续地接触基体8的粗糙部分20并使它们与基体分离。
同样地，轮72由于离心力被推向它们的延伸位置，并且连续地接触在钻削刃经过后留下的钻削后的氧化表面26。
轮72在钻削后的表面26上的敲击和滚动接触去除了可能存在的不粘附于基体8的氧化层。此外，表面74产生了促进覆层14粘附的粗糙度。
已经发现，采用本发明的工具30的加工允许内覆层14直接施加于基体的内表面12，从而可以省去底漆。
同样地，用钻削刃64和锤击部件72加工表面的时间少于喷丸处理的时间。此外，其中与喷丸材料和回收有关的成本被节省。
同样地，如上所指出的覆层14的成分提供了特别高的粘附水平和高耐磨水平。

Claims (10)

1.一种管道，其包括：
-金属基体(8)，其限定了基体外表面(10)和基体内表面(12)，和
-施加于基体内表面(12)上的内覆层(14)，
其特征在于，内覆层(14)包括基于聚烯烃或基于聚酰胺的热塑性材料，并且内覆层(14)由所述热塑性材料和丙烯酸材料组成，且基体(8)是铸铁。
2.根据权利要求1所述的管道，其特征在于，基体(8)是球墨铸铁。
3.根据权利要求2所述的管道，其特征在于，基体(8)平均壁厚小于4mm。
4.根据权利要求1到3中任意一项所述的管道，其特征在于，内表面(14)通过锤击获得。
5.一种制造管道的方法，其特征在于，它包括如下步骤：
a)从基体(8)未被加工的内表面(22)去除粗糙部分(20)，从而获得局部钻削的内表面(26)，粗糙部分的去除通过对未被加工的内表面(22)局部钻削来实现；
b)通过锤击钻削后的内表面(26)而至少部分去除氧化层，获得锤击过的内表面(12)；
c)施加内覆层(14)于锤击过的内表面(12)上，此内覆层包括基于聚烯烃或基于聚酰胺的热塑性材料，并且所述内覆层(14)由所述热塑性材料和丙烯酸材料组成，其中，
在钻削步骤前，执行由铸铁制造基体的补充步骤。
6.根据权利要求5所述的方法，其特征在于：
-施加内覆层(14)的步骤包括将覆层的固体微粒(34)投射到基体(8)的表面上，和
-在施加覆层步骤前，基体(8)被加热到覆层微粒(34)的熔化温度。
7.根据权利要求5或6所述的方法，其特征在于，在施加覆层步骤前，钻削和锤击的残渣被去除。
8.根据权利要求5或6所述的方法，其特征在于，在钻削步骤前，执行由球墨铸铁制造基体的补充步骤。
9.根据权利要求7所述的方法，其特征在于，在钻削步骤前，执行由球墨铸铁制造基体的补充步骤。
10.根据权利要求7所述的方法，其特征在于，在施加覆层步骤前，钻削和锤击的残渣通过抽吸或吹扫被去除。
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