CN101168291A - 用于挤出空心型材的装置 - Google Patents

用于挤出空心型材的装置 Download PDF

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CN101168291A
CN101168291A CNA2007101812590A CN200710181259A CN101168291A CN 101168291 A CN101168291 A CN 101168291A CN A2007101812590 A CNA2007101812590 A CN A2007101812590A CN 200710181259 A CN200710181259 A CN 200710181259A CN 101168291 A CN101168291 A CN 101168291A
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cooling
core
air outlet
scale
outlet slit
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B·迪克豪斯
J·施穆尔
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Inoex GmbH
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Abstract

本发明涉及用一个挤出头(3)从热塑材料挤出空心型材的装置，具有一个型芯(22)和在生产过程中进行一个尺寸改变的一种标度装置(9)，并且具有一个半径可调节的入口(19)，其中在该型芯(22)中形成至少一个Ranque涡流室(23)，该涡流室的冷却空气出口(25)通向一个冷却管(33)，该冷却管作为型芯(22)的一个轴向延伸而通过标度装置(9)的入口(19)并且具有一个向外开口进入标度装置(9)的一个冷却空气出口(34)。本发明实现的目的是提供一种装置，利用该装置在一种被设计为在工作进程中进行尺寸改变的标度装置中实现了有效的内部冷却。

Description

用于挤出空心型材的装置
本发明涉及根据权利要求1的前序部分的一种用热塑材料挤出空心型材的装置。
在DE 69713645 T2中说明了一种借助于冷却空气冷却一个空心型材的内部的装置，该空心型材是一种塑料管。为此目的，把一个在前方封闭的空心圆柱体推入一个挤出机头的空心型芯之中，并且突入后面的标度单元中，该空心圆柱体的外壁与所挤出的管的内壁之间保留一个环形的间隙。该空心圆柱体是双壁的并且经过一个中心馈送管线向其提供冷却水，该中心馈送管开通到该空心圆柱的前端壁内。该冷却水从其在该空心圆柱前端壁内的入口点径向地向外地流动并且然后经过该圆柱体的双壳回流到该挤出头。在该型芯的区域中，该双层壳是圆锥形地向内弯曲然后贴靠在该中心冷却水馈送管的内圆周上。冷却空气沿挤出的方向吹入该空心圆柱体，并且在由该双壳形成的圆锥处被向外偏转到该空心圆柱体上。那里设有一些通孔，该冷却空气可以经这些通孔流入到该环形间隙中。在此处该冷却空气掠过所挤出的管的内壁并使之冷却。由该冷却空气带走的热量通过在对流中于该双壳中流动的冷却水至少部分地被取走，从而该冷却空气可以在该环形间隙的整个长度上从挤出的管上取走热。
在US 4545751中说明了对在一个挤出流水线上制造的有波纹的管件内部进行冷却的装置。一个壳体作为一个延长部分螺纹拧在该挤出头的型芯上，该壳外达到用于产生所制造的管的波纹的一个圆周的模子中。在该壳外中安排了一个Ranque涡流室，该涡流室的冷却空气出口开通到该壳外内。该壳外又具有径向的输出开口，经过该径向的输出开口该冷却空气流入到贴放在该模子上的所挤出的空心型材内并从内部将其冷却。
一些年来，可以得到能够在制造工序进展的同时改变一个所挤出的塑料型材的尺寸的设备。这包括标度套筒，其横截面可以在相对地宽的限度内改变，并且该标度套筒具有一个可以方便地进行径向调节的入口，以便与改变的横截面相匹配。这样一种标度套筒说明于DE 102005002820 B3中。
特别是考虑到它们的半径尺寸，以上说明在先技术的用于在标度装置中冷却挤出的空心型材内部的装置不能够用于被设计为在操作进程中作出一个尺寸改变的标度装置中，特别是不能够用在该空心型材的横截面小的情况下。
这还适用于后来发表的DE 102005031747 A1中揭示的用热塑材料挤出空心型材的装置。除其他外，它具有一个带型芯以及标度装置的挤出头。在该型芯中形成至少一个Ranque涡流室，其冷却空气出口通到该被挤出的空心型材的内部空间中。
本发明的目的是改善这种状态并且提供在设计为在运作进展中进行一种尺寸变化的标度装置中实现有效的内部冷却的一种装置。
该目的是根据具有权利要求1的特征的一种装置而实现的。
本发明利用公知的Ranque涡流管现象提供一种简单的方式来产生用于冷却一个挤出的空心型材的内部的冷却气体。在此情况下，该涡流管不需要在挤出模具前的任何附加的空间，因为它处于其型芯之中。在此，例如通过额外地加热该型芯，还可以有意义地利用在该涡流管中产生的热空气。在该涡流管中产生的冷却气体经该冷却管被转送进该标度装置中，在一定的程度上如同用一个注射计，并且在此可供使用而进行有效的内部冷却。因为该冷却管只须针对要传送的冷却气体的量来设计其截面，其径向尺寸可以保持得较小，从而它不会妨碍在尺寸改变的情况下要求的该标度装置的径向调节位移，也不会使之无法进行。
本发明的其它的有利的优化由从属权利要求提供。
下面基于一种管挤出流水线的示例性实施方案更加详细地说明本发明。在相关的附图中：
图1示出一个挤出流水线的示意性侧视图，
图2用一个剖视图中示出根据图1的一个放大的示意详图A，图中的情况是一个装置处于一个第一工作状态，
图3示出图2中所示的一个放大的细节，
图4示出根据图3的在一个装置处于另一个工作状态的图示，
图5示出经一个Ranque涡流室的一个第一实施方案中一个挤出头的型芯的示意性横剖视图，而
图6示出根据图5在一个Ranque涡流室的第二实施方案中的图示。
图1中所示的用于生产管件的挤出流水线包含具有一个馈料斗2的一个挤出器单元、一个在图中看不见的挤出器螺杆，和一个管件挤出头3。颗粒或者粉末状态一种热塑材料4经过该馈送斗2馈送到该挤出器单元1。在该挤出器单元中该颗粒或者粉末被加热、揉捏和塑化。接着，通过该挤出螺杆把塑料4作为可模制的化合物输送进该管件挤出头3中并且在其中迫使该塑料通过一个环形的间隙15(参见图2至4)。
在从该环形间隙15出来以后，借助安排在该挤出流水线的末端的一个链轨式取出单元6将热的、仍可以形变的管线5拉过一个标度和冷却单元7，该标度和冷却单元具有一个真空罐8，它带有安排在其入口处的一个标度套筒9。该标度套筒9在直径上可以无级地改变，从而所挤出的、仍可模制的管5可以被固定为所希望的外径。在离开该标度和冷却单元7以后，管5进入一个冷却区10，其中它被冷却到室温。安排在冷却区10与链轨式取出单元6之间有一个超声扫描器11，用之记录受挤出的管5的直径和壁厚。该链轨式取出单元6毗连一个分离锯12，在该分离锯中把管5按长度截开。为了在该标度和冷却单元7、冷却区10和超声扫描器11中保持一定的负压，设有密封件13，以一种密封效果来包绕所通过的管5。
因为该挤出管5仅在它离开冷却区10以后才固化，也就是变得尺寸稳定，所以在此之前必须受到支承以避免下垂而变形。为此目的在冷却区10中设有两个管支承件14并且在该标度和冷却单元7中有一个管支承件。
该标度套筒9具有一个环形的输入头16和一个环形的输出头17。虽然该输入头16安排在真空罐8之外，该输出头17是在真空罐8内(图1)。输出头17有一个固定的内径，该固定的内径至少对应于在该挤出设施中处理的最大管径。可以相对于位置固定的输入头16沿标度套筒9的方向推移该输出头，以改变其直径。为此目的设置至少两个旋转芯单元18，其中的螺纹旋转芯由电机驱动。
该输入头16具有多个径向可调节的段19(图2至9)，这些段均匀地安排在待标度的管5的圆周上并且形成标度套管9的一个圆锥形的入口。标度套筒9的进一步结构，参见DE 2005002820 B3，其相关披露在此形成这些实施方案的主题。以与该挤出流水线的其他个设备同样的方式，该标度套筒9也适用于在生产过程中进行尺寸改变。
在图2至4中所示的管挤出头3的前端，由该挤出器螺旋丝杆传送的熔融聚合物以一种环形的方式被分开。为此目的设有一个型芯支承尖端20，该尖端圆锥形地突入熔融聚合物流41中。该型芯支承尖端20毗连一个型芯支承星形板21，借助于该型芯支承星形板把管挤出头3的一个型芯22用螺扣连接到型芯支承尖端20上。该型芯22在其前端进入一个空心的圆柱体23，在该圆柱体的区域中该型芯22在离开环形间隙15处由一个空心圆柱体模具环24包绕，该模具环用螺扣连接到型芯22上。该环形间隙15继续穿过型芯22到达该型芯支承尖端20。在型芯支承星形板21上，环形间隙15每90度由材料肋板所间断(未示出)，然而该材料肋并不干扰熔融聚合物41的流动。
该空心圆柱体23在其前端由一个隔膜39关闭，该隔膜有一个中心的输出孔25，该输出孔向外开放到一个收集室26中。在该空心圆柱体23对置的最外端，类似地设有一个隔膜27，在其圆周上留下一个环形的输出孔28。在型芯支承星形板21中安排的是一个空气供应孔29，该空气供应孔在型芯22的中心轴线附近相对于型芯22呈直角地分开，并且在后者中连续到该空心圆柱体23的前端。在此，该空气供应孔29沿切向对外开放进空心圆柱体23。由于这种沿切向引入的空气以及这些出口25和28，该空心圆柱体23起一种Ranque涡流管作用。以大约7巴的压力并且在约20℃的温度下通过空气供应孔29向该涡流管供应压缩空气。
由于向该空心圆柱体23中的这种空气供应，在空心圆柱体中形成两个气流：在该空心圆柱体23的壁上的一个热气流30和在该型芯22的中心轴线附近一个冷气流31。该热气流30通过输出孔28离开空心圆柱体23并且从这里经过一个在型芯支承星形板21中延续的放气孔32流走。该热气流30具有高达110℃的温度。该冷气流31的温度是大约0℃至5℃并且经输出孔25流入进收集室26中。从收集室26，该冷却空气流入一个冷却管33，该冷却管作为型芯22的一个轴向延伸穿过这些段19，也就是说穿过标度套筒9的入口，并且具有向外开放进入标度套筒9的一个冷空气出口34。除了在真空罐8中进行的外部冷却，从冷却管33流出的冷却空气31以一种非常有效的方式在该受挤出的管的内侧使该挤出管5冷却。为了防止冷却空气31在其进入标度套筒9的途中被加热，该收集室26和冷却管33被热绝缘。
为了使冷却更加有力，流出冷却管33的冷却空气31与水进行混合。为此目的，设有一个供水孔35，该供水孔经型芯支承星形板21和型芯22沿伸入空心圆柱体23的前隔膜39中并且越过此处而进入一个细管线36中，该细管线沿中心穿过收集室26和冷却管33并且终止于冷却空气出口34。
为了把含水的冷却空气流有效地带入该挤出管线5的内壁区域之中，在该冷却空气出口34之前设有一个对应的空气引导装置37，并且在该示例性实施方案中被构型为一个圆锥体。
图3示出有一个大直径的管5的制造，图4示出有一个小直径的管5的制造。这两个图示的对比显示了该冷却管33和收集室26既不妨碍这些段19的径向可调节性也不会不利地影响在管挤出头3与标度套筒19之间形成的熔体圆锥40。
在图5和6中示出如何在型芯22中形成Ranque涡流管的两个示例性实施方案。在图5所示的例子对应于上面根据图2至4阐述的示例性实施方案。在此该型芯22钻有一个大直径的孔，从而所形成的该空心圆柱体23起到一个并且是唯一的涡流管的作用。在此情况下，图2至4中所示的收集室并非绝对必须，即该冷却管33可以直接地毗邻该输出孔25。
在根据图6的示例性实施方案中，在该型芯22的前部区域中制成七个较小直径的孔38并且各自独立地起一种Ranque涡流管的作用。于是每个涡流管当然具有其自己的切线的空气供应以及自己的冷气流和热气流的输出孔，这些冷空气的出口向外开放进入该收集室26之中。

Claims (5)

1.用一个挤出头(3)从热塑材料挤出空心型材的装置，具有一个型芯(22)和用于在生产过程中进行一种尺寸改变的一个标度装置(9)，并且，带有一个半径可调节的入口(19)，其中在该型芯(22)中形成至少一个Ranque涡流室(23)，该涡流室的冷却空气出口(25)通入一个冷却管(33)，该冷却管作为该型芯(22)的一个轴向延伸而延伸穿过该标度装置(9)的入口(19)并且具有向外开口进入该标度装置(9)的一个冷却空气出口(34)。
2.如权利要求1的装置，其特征在于，在该型芯(22)中安排了数个涡流室(23)，这些涡流室的冷却空气出口(24)向外开放进入一个收集室(26)，该冷却管(33)从该收集室伸出。
3.如权利要求1或2的装置，其特征在于，该冷却管(33)和收集室(26)被绝热。
4.如权利要求2或3的装置，其特征在于，在该冷却空气出口(34)的前方安排了一个引导装置(37)，用于把冷却气流(31)导向该挤出的空心型材(5)的内壁。
5.如权利要求4的装置，其特征在于，一个供水管线(36)向外开放进入该冷却空气入口(34)。
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