CN101380805A - 用于挤出空心型材的装置 - Google Patents

用于挤出空心型材的装置 Download PDF

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CN101380805A
CN101380805A CNA2007101811920A CN200710181192A CN101380805A CN 101380805 A CN101380805 A CN 101380805A CN A2007101811920 A CNA2007101811920 A CN A2007101811920A CN 200710181192 A CN200710181192 A CN 200710181192A CN 101380805 A CN101380805 A CN 101380805A
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die body
mould
die
diameter
annular
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CN101380805B (zh
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B·迪克豪斯
J·施穆尔
R·克洛斯
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Inoex GmbH
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Abstract

本发明涉及用于从热塑材料挤出空心型材的一种装置，具有一个挤出模具(3)和一个标度装置(9)，它们之间安装的是带有一个外模体(24)的一个模具室(20)用于影响从该挤出模具(3)的一个环状模具(15)出来的一个热的、仍然可模制的空心型材(5)的直径。本发明的目的是提供此类用于挤出热塑材料的空心型材的一种装置，用它改变从挤出模具出来的空心型材的壁厚度也是可能的。这个目标通过具有一个内模体(21)的模具室(20)而实现，该内模体和外模体(21；24，32)相对于该环状模具(15)而同轴安装，并且通过彼此关联地轴向和/或径向调整，在它们之间形成一个环状空隙(26)用于改变从环状模具(15)出来的空心型材(5)的截面和/或壁厚度。

Description

用于挤出空心型材的装置
本发明涉及根据权利要求1的前序部分的一种用热塑材挤出空心型材的装置。
在EP 1 115 551 B1中描述了用于生产塑料管的一种装置，其中装有记录管件外径的测量仪器的一个真空室被安排在管件挤出头和标度装置之间。这些测量仪器根据该管件所希望的外径来控制该真空室内占主导的负压，也就是被挤出的管件在可塑状态下通过吸力被扩大至所希望的外径。这个已知装置的挤出模具具有一个可调节的环状空隙，利用该空隙有可能与该真空室一起来设定一个准确的管壁厚度，该厚度可以根据外管直径而变化。
DE 202 19 089 U1同样描述了在挤出模具和标度装置之间装有一个真空室的一种装置。这个真空室实质上对应着EP 1 115 551 B1中的真空室。与它的差异是，该真空室的壁被穿孔，以便使一种冷却介质穿过它的壁到达管件的外部。
在DE 20 2004 019 566 U1中披露了一种所属类型的装置。在该装置的情况下，来自挤出模具的空心型材进入一个导引室，该导引室具有被固定在隔离栓上的导引环并且其内径在挤出方向连续地增加。因此这些导引环的内径形成对于该空心型材限定的分离边缘。该导引室的出口直接邻接该标度装置的入口。因此该空心型材在挤出模具和标度装置之间被安全地导引，并且以适当的形式转移到后者。为了协助空心型材应用到这些导引环，对该导此室可施加真空。该导此室不可能影响从挤出模具的环状模具出来的空心型材的壁厚度。
本发明的目的是提供一种挤出热塑材料的空心型材的所属类型的装置，用它改变来自环状模具的空心型材的壁厚度也是可能的。
根据本发明通过具有权利要求1的特征的一种装置实现了该目的。
根据本发明的装置特别是旨在用于在生产进行过程中可以进行尺寸改变的挤出流水线上。在新投资的情况下它可以被有利地应用，但也适合于翻新。
利用根据本发明的装置，从挤出模具的环状模具出来的空心型材可以随后在被扩大或缩小的意义上改变其壁厚度及其横截面，因此在生产进行过程中的尺寸改变在一个相应装配的挤出流水线上是可能的。外模体和内模体彼此相关的轴向的和/或径向的调整具有在它们之间形成一个可变的环形空隙的效果，通过该空隙被挤出的空心型材可以在其尺寸上受到影响以适应于该标度装置的设置。
本发明的其它有利的优化在从属权利要求中给出。
以下在一个管件挤出流水线的示例性实施方案的基础上更详细地解释本发明。在相关的附图中：
图1示出一条挤出流水线的示意性侧视图；
图2示出根据图1的、如本发明的一个第一实施方案所提供的一个放大的细节A的示意图；
图3示出根据图2在一个第一操作状态下该装置的图示，
图4示出根据图2在一个第二操作状态下该装置的图示，
图5示出根据图1的、如本发明的一个第二实施方案所提供的一个放大的细节A的示意图，
图6示了根据图5在一个第一操作状态下该装置的图示，
图7示出根据图5在一个第二操作状态下该装置的图示，
图8示出根据图1的、如本发明的一个第三实施方案在一个第一操作状态下所提供的一个放大的细节A示意图，
图9示出根据图8在一个第二操作状态下该装置的图示，
图10示出该第三实施方案的外模体的一个放大的示意图，
图11示出根据图1的、如本发明的一个第四实施方案在一个第一操作状态下所提供的一个放大的示意性细节(A)，
图12示出根据图11在一个第二操作状态下该装置的图示，
图13示出外模体在该第一操作状态下的一个示意性俯视图，以及
图14示出根据图13在该外模体在该第二操作状态的情况下的图示。
图1所示的用于生产管件的挤出流水线包括带有一个装料斗2的一个挤出机单元1，一个挤出机螺杆，它在该图中看不到，以及一个管件挤出头3。一种以颗粒或粉末形状的热塑材料4通过装料斗2被送进挤出机单元1。在这个挤出机单元内，颗粒或粉末被加热、揉捏和塑炼。随后，该塑料4作为一个可模制的化合物被挤出机螺杆传送进入该管件挤出压头3，并且在那里被迫通过一个环状模具15(见图2至9)。
在从该环形间隙15出来以后，借助安排在该挤出流出线的末端的一个链轨式取出单元6装热的、仍可以形变的管线5拉过一个标度和冷却单元7，该标度和冷却单元具有一个真空罐8，它带有安排在其入口的一个标度套筒9。该标度套筒9在直径上可以无级地改变，从而所挤出的、仍可模制的管5可以被固定为所希望的外径。在离开该标度和冷却单元7以后，管5进入一个冷却区10，其中它被冷却到室温。安排在冷却区10与链轨式取出单元6之间有一个超声扫描器11，用之记录受挤出的管5的直径和壁厚。该链轨式取出单元6毗连一个分离锯12，在该分离锯中把管5按长度截开。为了在该标度和冷却单元7、冷却区10和超声扫描器11中保持一定的负压，设有密封件13，以一种密封效果来包绕所通过的管5。
因为该挤出管5仅在它离开冷却区10以后才固化，也就是说变得尺寸稳定，所以在此之前必须受到支承以避免下垂而变形。为此目的在冷却区10中设有两个管支承件14并且在该标度和冷却单元7中有一个管支承件。
该标度套筒9具有一个环形的输入头16和一个环形的输出头17。虽然该输入头16安排在真空罐8之外，该输出头17是在真空罐8内(图1)。输出头17有一个固定的内径，该固定的内径至少对应于在该挤出设施中处理的最大管径。可以相对于位置固定的输入头16沿标度套筒9的方向推移该输出头，以改变其直径。为此目的的设置至少两个旋转芯单元18，其中的螺纹旋转芯由电机驱动。
该输入头16具有多个径向可调节的段19(图2至9)，这些段均匀地安排在待标度的管5的圆周上。标度套筒9的进一步结构，参见DE 2005 002 820 B3，其相关披露在此形成这些实施方案的主题。以与该挤出流出线的其他个设备同样的方式，该标度套筒9也适用于在生产过程中进行尺寸改变。
在该管件挤出头3和标度套筒9之间提供了一个模具室20，用于影响这些尺寸，也就是用来改变从环状模具15出来的经塑炼的管件5壁厚度和直径，这在以下基于图2至10的示例性实施方案中详细解释。在这些示意图中，为了整体上清楚，对该标度套筒9的调整装置显示的全部内容是该输入头16的多个段19。
首先，对于根据图2至7的示例性实施方案所共同的特征进行说明。
属于模具室20的是一个圆形横截面的模具塞21，它形成了内模体，在生产方向成锥形地缩小并且它的最大直径对应着该环状模具15的内径d。该模具塞21相对于该环状模具15而同轴地安排，并且通过一个支持杆23以轴向可移动的方式引导在环状模具15的一个中央孔22内。一个相应的驱动没有显示。
该模具塞21与一个模具环24一同工作，该模具环形成了外模体并且同样相对于该环状模具15而同轴地安排。该模具环24具有一个刚性开口25，在生产方向逐渐变细。如果该模具环24与该模具塞21相适合(图3，图7)，它们形成一个在生产方向上直径渐减的环状空隙26，和在它们之间一个渐减的空隙宽度。
该模具环24被安装在从真空箱8的一个端壁27轴向突出的支撑杆28上，并且可以通过一个驱动(没有显示)在这些支撑杆28上轴向地移动。
在根据图2至4的示例性实施方案中，该模具室20在外周由一个外壳29闭合，该外壳29同样被固定在真空箱8的端壁27上。在其远离端壁27的那端，外壳29具有一个外周凸缘环30，带有一个外周的末端密封件31。为了关闭该模具室20，真空箱8在轴向被移动，直到该末端密封件31抵靠在该管件挤出头3上而达到一个密封效果(图3，4)。
在图3所示的操作状态下，该模具塞21已经与管件挤出头3相接触，而模具环24已经与模具塞21相适配。标度套管9已经被设置成其最小直径。用此设置，可以生产出具有小直径和小壁厚度的管件5。
在根据图4的操作状态下，该模具塞21仍然抵靠在管件挤出头3上，而模具环24已经被移靠在标度套管9的输入头16的这些段19上。该标度套筒9已经被设置成其最大直径。在这个操作状态下，从环状模具15出来的塑炼的空心型材5仍然不受模具室20影响。用这种设置，生产出具有大直径和大壁厚度的管件5。
以图3和图4所示的这些操作状态，也可以生产出具有中间尺寸(直径和壁厚度)的管件5，这是通过该挤出流水线上的管件挤出头3的环状模具15和/或被挤出的管件5的取出速度以协调的方式来改变质量的通过量。然后标度套管9相应地被进一步打开或关闭。除此之外或者作为它的一个替代，所生产的管件5的直径和壁厚度也可通过轴向移动模具塞21和模具环24而受到影响。这就为在生产过程中进行尺寸的改变产生最佳的条件。
由于在操作状态下模具室20的关闭的构型，在其中能够产生一个负压，因此在该标度套管9的输入头16的这些段19处被挤出的管件5的密封得到改善。
根据图5至7的示例性实施方案与上面描述的不同，其中模具室20是开放的，也就是说不具有一个环绕的外壳29。在此，被挤出的管件5和标度套管9的输入头16的段19之间的密封能够通过吹入支撑气体来改善，例如通过该模具塞21。同时，这可以补偿管件5中可能出现的负压。
在两个示例性实施方案中，如果需要的话该模具环24和模具塞21能够被加热。另外，至少在与管件5接触的区域该模具塞21和模具环24可以具有一个低摩擦系数的表面。
在图8至10所示的示例性实施方案中，如同根据图2至4的示例性实施方案，该模具室20又同样具有一个外圆周壁29，以产生一个施加真空的闭合构造。但是在这个示例性实施方案中，该模具室20还可以是一个开放的构造，如同根据图5至7的示例性实施方案的情况。
此处内模体进而构型为一个在生产方向渐减的圆形横截面，其朝向管件挤出压头3的最大的直径对应于环状模具15的内径d。模具塞21在图8和图9上显示为固定的。但是，如前面的示例性实施方案中的情况，它还可以是轴向或径向可调节的构造。另外，可以提供模具塞21的加热。
该外模体由一个薄的、柔性金属片形成，该金属片被卷曲为得以形成一个锥体32，如在图10中可以最好地看到。这个金属片的材料被选择为使锥体32具有足够的内在刚性和还原性(弹性)。该锥体32在生产方向逐渐变细，其最大的直径d1对应于该环状模具15的外径。锥体32在此末端固定，这样它的直径d1是不可改变的。
为了调整锥体32，提供了具有固定内径d3的一个调整环33。这个调整环33通过多个导向件34固定在管件挤出头3上，并且通过一个驱动(未显示)在轴向上可以移动。
在图8所示的操作状态下，该标度套管9已经被设置到其最大的直径，并且调整环33已经在生产方向上作了最大的轴向移动。结果是，该锥体32的最小直径d4处于其最大的值，这实质上对应着标度套管9的输入头16的这些段19的入口直径。用此设置，生产出具有大直径和大的壁厚度的管件5。
在根据图9的操作状态下，该调整环33已经被移动至最大程度地靠近管件挤出头3，这样该锥体32的最小直径d4处于其最小值。其结果是，被挤出的管件5的直径和其壁厚度同时发生减少的改变。在根据图9的操作状态下，生产出具有最小直径的管件。相应的中间阶段可以通过改变锥体32的圆锥度而产生，该体系的可变性可以用模具塞21的轴向和/或径向的可调节性来进一步提高。
在图11至14所示的示例性实施方案中，尽管该模具室20具有一个圆周壁29，但是它是不闭合的。但是，在这个示例性实施方案中，该模具室20也可以具有一个闭合的构造，如根据图2至4和图8至10的示例性实施方案。
此处的内模体进而被构型为具有一个圆形截面的模具塞21，在生产方向逐渐变细，其朝向管件挤出压头3的最大的直径对应于环状模具15的内径d。该模具塞21以一种静止的方式固定在管件挤出压头3上。
仍然是在这个示例性实施方案中，该模具塞21与一个模具环24一起工作，该模具环形成外模体并且同样相对于环状模具15而同轴安装。它包含四个段24.1至24.4，它们在从该模具室20的外壳29上向内突出的支撑杆35上通过一个驱动(未显示)径向地可以调节。
在这个示例性实施方案中，该模具环24的这四个段24.1至24.4是相同构型。但是这并非必须。相似地，该模具环24的部件可以是不同的构型，并且可以由多于或少于4个部件组成。实质在于，当该模具环24的单个部件被径向地一起移动时，作为举例如图14所示，在该模具环24和模具塞21之间形成一个环状空隙26，它具有在生产方向上减少的一个直径和一个减小的空隙宽度。
在图11和图13所示的操作状态下，该模具环24的段24.1至24.4已经在径向被移开而该标度套管9已经被设置为其最大直径。在这个操作状态下，从环状模具15出来的塑炼的空心型材5保持不受模具室20的影响。用这个设置，生产出具有大直径和大壁厚度的管件5。
在根据图12和14的操作状态下，该模具环24的段24.1至24.4已经在径向被移到一起，这样在该模具环24和模具塞21之间得到用于该塑炼的空心型材5的一个缩窄的穿通空隙。该标度套管9已经被设置为其最小直径。用此设置，可生产出具有小直径和小壁厚度的管件5。

Claims (10)

1.用于从热塑材料挤出空心型材的装置，具有一个挤出模具(3)和一个标度装置(9)，它们之间安装的是带有一个外模体(24)的一个模具室(20)用于影响从该挤出模具(3)的一个环状模具(15)出来的一个热的、仍然可模制的空心型材(5)的直径，其特征在于该模具室(20)具有一个内模体(21)，该内模体和外模体(21；24；32)相对于该环状模具(15)而同轴安装，并且通过彼此相关的轴向和/或径向调整，在它们之间形成一个环状突隙(26)用于改变从该环状模具(15)出来的该空心型材(5)的截面和/或壁厚度。
2.根据权利要求1的装置，其特征在于该内模体(21)和/或该外模体(24，32)是可加热的。
3.根据权利要求1或2的装置，其特征在于该模具室(20)是闭合的并且能够承受一个真空。
4.根据权利要求1或2的装置，其特征在于该模具室(20)具有用于将支撑气体吹入该挤出管件(5)的装置。
5.根据以上权利要求之一的装置，其特征在于该内模体(21)和/或该外模体(24，32)具有一个低摩擦系数的表面。
6.根据以上权利要求之一的装置，其特征在于该内模体是一个模具塞(21)，具有在生产方向渐减的一个截面。
7.根据以上权利要求之一的装置，其特征在于该外模体是一个模具环(24)，具有在生产方向渐减的一个开口(26)。
8.根据以上权利要求之一的装置，其特征在于该外模体是一个锥体(32)，该锥体是通过卷曲的一个薄的、弹性的金属片而形成，其最大直径(d1)在径向和轴向固定而其最小直径(d4)在径向可调节。
9.根据权利要求8的装置，其特征在于提供了抵靠在该锥体(32)外圆周上的一个调节环(33)，通过其轴向调节可以实现该锥体(32)的锥度的改变。
10.根据以上权利要求之一的装置，其特征在于该模具室(20)被固定在该真空箱(8)上，并且可以与之一起向该挤出模具(3)调整。
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