CN101164503A - 柔性和刚性导管切除器囊 - Google Patents

柔性和刚性导管切除器囊 Download PDF

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CN101164503A
CN101164503A CNA2007101514159A CN200710151415A CN101164503A CN 101164503 A CN101164503 A CN 101164503A CN A2007101514159 A CNA2007101514159 A CN A2007101514159A CN 200710151415 A CN200710151415 A CN 200710151415A CN 101164503 A CN101164503 A CN 101164503A
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亚尔琴·卡拉科卡
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Y K K SAGLIK HIZMETLERI Ltd ST
Y K K 萨勒克希兹梅特莱里西尔克蒂有限公司
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    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
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    • A61B17/00—Surgical instruments, devices or methods, e.g. tourniquets
    • A61B17/32—Surgical cutting instruments
    • A61B17/3205—Excision instruments
    • A61B17/3207—Atherectomy devices working by cutting or abrading; Similar devices specially adapted for non-vascular obstructions
    • A61B17/320725—Atherectomy devices working by cutting or abrading; Similar devices specially adapted for non-vascular obstructions with radially expandable cutting or abrading elements
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
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    • A61B17/00—Surgical instruments, devices or methods, e.g. tourniquets
    • A61B17/22—Implements for squeezing-off ulcers or the like on the inside of inner organs of the body; Implements for scraping-out cavities of body organs, e.g. bones; Calculus removers; Calculus smashing apparatus; Apparatus for removing obstructions in blood vessels, not otherwise provided for
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B17/00—Surgical instruments, devices or methods, e.g. tourniquets
    • A61B17/32—Surgical cutting instruments
    • A61B17/3205—Excision instruments
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61M—DEVICES FOR INTRODUCING MEDIA INTO, OR ONTO, THE BODY; DEVICES FOR TRANSDUCING BODY MEDIA OR FOR TAKING MEDIA FROM THE BODY; DEVICES FOR PRODUCING OR ENDING SLEEP OR STUPOR
    • A61M25/00—Catheters; Hollow probes
    • A61M25/10—Balloon catheters
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B17/00—Surgical instruments, devices or methods, e.g. tourniquets
    • A61B17/32—Surgical cutting instruments
    • A61B17/3205—Excision instruments
    • A61B17/3207—Atherectomy devices working by cutting or abrading; Similar devices specially adapted for non-vascular obstructions
    • A61B17/32075—Pullback cutting; combined forward and pullback cutting, e.g. with cutters at both sides of the plaque
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B17/00—Surgical instruments, devices or methods, e.g. tourniquets
    • A61B17/22—Implements for squeezing-off ulcers or the like on the inside of inner organs of the body; Implements for scraping-out cavities of body organs, e.g. bones; Calculus removers; Calculus smashing apparatus; Apparatus for removing obstructions in blood vessels, not otherwise provided for
    • A61B2017/22051—Implements for squeezing-off ulcers or the like on the inside of inner organs of the body; Implements for scraping-out cavities of body organs, e.g. bones; Calculus removers; Calculus smashing apparatus; Apparatus for removing obstructions in blood vessels, not otherwise provided for with an inflatable part, e.g. balloon, for positioning, blocking, or immobilisation
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61M—DEVICES FOR INTRODUCING MEDIA INTO, OR ONTO, THE BODY; DEVICES FOR TRANSDUCING BODY MEDIA OR FOR TAKING MEDIA FROM THE BODY; DEVICES FOR PRODUCING OR ENDING SLEEP OR STUPOR
    • A61M25/00—Catheters; Hollow probes
    • A61M25/10—Balloon catheters
    • A61M2025/1043—Balloon catheters with special features or adapted for special applications
    • A61M2025/1086—Balloon catheters with special features or adapted for special applications having a special balloon surface topography, e.g. pores, protuberances, spikes or grooves
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61M—DEVICES FOR INTRODUCING MEDIA INTO, OR ONTO, THE BODY; DEVICES FOR TRANSDUCING BODY MEDIA OR FOR TAKING MEDIA FROM THE BODY; DEVICES FOR PRODUCING OR ENDING SLEEP OR STUPOR
    • A61M25/00—Catheters; Hollow probes
    • A61M25/10—Balloon catheters
    • A61M2025/1043—Balloon catheters with special features or adapted for special applications
    • A61M2025/1088—Balloon catheters with special features or adapted for special applications having special surface characteristics depending on material properties or added substances, e.g. for reducing friction
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61M—DEVICES FOR INTRODUCING MEDIA INTO, OR ONTO, THE BODY; DEVICES FOR TRANSDUCING BODY MEDIA OR FOR TAKING MEDIA FROM THE BODY; DEVICES FOR PRODUCING OR ENDING SLEEP OR STUPOR
    • A61M25/00—Catheters; Hollow probes
    • A61M25/10—Balloon catheters
    • A61M2025/1043—Balloon catheters with special features or adapted for special applications
    • A61M2025/109—Balloon catheters with special features or adapted for special applications having balloons for removing solid matters, e.g. by grasping or scraping plaque, thrombus or other matters that obstruct the flow
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61M—DEVICES FOR INTRODUCING MEDIA INTO, OR ONTO, THE BODY; DEVICES FOR TRANSDUCING BODY MEDIA OR FOR TAKING MEDIA FROM THE BODY; DEVICES FOR PRODUCING OR ENDING SLEEP OR STUPOR
    • A61M25/00—Catheters; Hollow probes
    • A61M25/10—Balloon catheters
    • A61M2025/1043—Balloon catheters with special features or adapted for special applications
    • A61M2025/1093—Balloon catheters with special features or adapted for special applications having particular tip characteristics

Abstract

本发明涉及切除器囊(1)，其用于治疗血管和其它中空管状器官(7)如气管、气道、食管、尿道和胆管中发生的腔内－支气管内病变和血管内堵塞。所述切除器囊(1)由切除尖端(2)、切除部(3)、硬化表面(4)、导管部(5)和注射端部(6)组成，所述切除部(3)在所述管状器官(7)内膨胀并在其中来回移位或移动以提供肿瘤切除，所述硬化表面(4)提供在所述切除部(3)的外表面上用以剃削并破坏这些肿瘤组织，所述导管部(5)提供到达腔内部位的通路，所述注射端部(6)能够通过注射空气或流体使所述切除部(3)膨胀。

Description

柔性和刚性导管切除器囊
技术领域
本发明涉及导管切除器囊，用于治疗血管和其它中空管状器官如气管、气道、食管、尿道和胆管中发生的腔内-支气管内瘤样病变和血管内堵塞。
本发明更具体涉及柔性和刚性切除器囊，其包括具有可变直径和长度的尖端部；能够刮削和切除组织的囊部；通过支气管内窥镜或任意其它内窥镜提供到达腔内部位的通路的导管部；和配备有注射器并通过向其中注射空气或流体的方式使所述囊膨胀的注射器端部。
背景技术
已知作为腔管内-支气管内瘤样病变和血管内堵塞的病症发生于血管和其它中空管状器官如气管、气道、食管、尿道和胆管中。除了胆管之外，这些器官具有直通外部的共同特征。与其它器官系统不同，所述血管系统包括人体内具有主要冠状血管的整个血管系统。对于瘤样病变而言，具有内部或外部(即内用或外用)治疗方法，所述瘤样病变使腔管收缩并向内生长，从而在呼吸道、食管和尿道内形成屏障。
这些导致气管狭窄和堵塞的病症在胸部疾病及胸外科进行治疗。这些疾病导致患者窒息的另一重点是感染，其发生于这些病症之后并延续到堵塞被治愈。如果对这些窒息病例没有观察到变窄，则导致患者死亡的因素是变窄后的感染状态。而阻塞气管的肿瘤的任何出血和任何相关的呼吸不畅都是导致肺肿瘤患者死亡的因素。更准确的是，65～70％的肺癌患者死亡的原因是由于肿瘤堵塞气管所引起的并发症。
这种由肺癌和良性瘤引发的堵塞出现在疾病的诊断阶段或发展阶段。15％的新诊断的肺癌患者是在外科治疗期限内被确诊，换言之，只有15％的肺癌患者被及时诊断而允许进行外科手术治疗；而其余85％的患者则丧失了在诊断阶段进行外科手术治疗的机会。这些患者接受实际上比外科手术方法更为艰难的治疗方法。除了外科手术和肿瘤治疗，也可以使用多模式治疗，包括例如支气管内窥镜治疗法，其提供支气管内通道(即维持支气管内部处于非堵塞状态)并消除外部肿瘤对支气管内部的压力。
现在已知的事实是诸如化疗和放疗等肿瘤治疗方法对肺癌治疗的益处有限，最近25年内患者的5年存活率从8％增加到了14％。该6％的增加得益于肺癌的早期诊断技术的发展，而不是这些肿瘤治疗方法。治疗支气管内肿瘤所使用的支气管内窥镜治疗法决定肺癌患者的存活率，降低患者的生活质量，并同时构成几乎65～70％的死亡原因，因此支气管内窥镜治疗法必须根据多模式治疗的原则进行更加有效的应用。
用于治疗支气管内肿瘤的支气管内窥镜治疗法包括激光、烧灼、氩气、低温、支架和囊治疗。这些与刚性支气管内窥镜配合使用的治疗方法主要基于肿瘤切除术，即机械分割并移除肿瘤；凝固，即通过激光和烧灼提供的热能来减小肿瘤的尺寸；以及低温，即冷冻，然后机械分割并移除肿瘤。
在这些支气管内治疗方法中的囊应用中，囊被用作止血塞来扩大狭窄的支气管，并对其中的流血部位进行止血。囊膨胀被用于扩大狭窄的支气管，尤其是用于扩大支气管腔，然后放置支架以对抗肿瘤从外部向支气管施加的压力。为了控制由于气管中存在的肿瘤组织引起的任何出血，应用囊压塞。除了气管应用外，囊也可用于扩大食道和输尿管内的任何狭窄，并控制其中的任何出血。
基于激光、烧灼和低温的装置也可以被用于治疗瘤样病变，也就是说，可用于治疗任何堵塞性肿瘤，尤其是存在于气管中的肿瘤，以及食道和输尿管内的肿瘤。
例如，在气管中，可通过刚性支气管内窥镜来执行腔内肿瘤的机械切除，也可以采用其它基于激光或烧灼的技术。但是，在应用基于激光、烧灼或低温的技术切除支气管内病变时存在某些困难，即由于支气管入口的解剖结构导致气管隆突中的两个主要支气管入口狭窄。因此，在支气管内窥镜应用期间，通常认为在腔内提供小直径开口就足够了，结果是不彻底的支气管内切除。其它的情况下，进行某些支架应用，其与所述气管隆突的解剖结构不符。
此外，前述这些基于激光或低温的支气管内窥镜治疗方法也有一定的风险，原因是这些方法具有堵塞和收缩诸如气管、支气管和食管等中空管状器官内部的可能性。因此，在一些病例中，这些方法不足够有效。
在世界最先进的癌症治疗中心单独使用支气管内治疗方法的最基本的限制因素是与肿瘤定位相关的因素。在相对较大的气道例如气管中应用基于激光、烧灼或低温技术的切除方法相对比较简单；然而，在切除堵塞上叶、中叶、小舌、下叶及其更远端气道部分的腔内肿瘤时，与基于激光、烧灼、氩气、低温和机械的切除应用相关的并发症风险增加，并且不能实现完全的腔内切除。
尤其是在全身麻醉而又不抑制患者呼吸时使用的刚性支气管内窥镜中，不能到达肺叶和肺段支气管内的腔内病变，而且不能确定标准的治疗途径。
除了在治疗支气管内瘤样病变中的膨胀和止血塞的应用之外，所述用于切除目的的囊用途以及切除器囊的概念尚未见诸于医学文献中。
除了腔内病变，血管内堵塞的治疗也是最重大的医学难题之一。尤其是用于冠心病治疗中的囊血管成形术和金属支架放置非常普遍，但是基本都很昂贵。用于消除管状血管中的任意堵塞的含药或不含药支架也被广泛使用。
因此，尤其在治疗冠心病的应用方面需要易于应用和低成本的方法，目的是通过确保冠状动脉膨胀来消除任何堵塞。
发明内容
根据前面所述，本发明的目的在于开发一种切除器囊，用于治疗血管中和其它中空管状器官如气管、气道、食管、尿道和胆管中发生的腔内-支气管内瘤样病变和血管内堵塞。
本发明的另一目的在于开发一种可供选择的肿瘤切除方法，该方法消除基于激光或低温的支气管内窥镜治疗方法的风险，后者具有使诸如气管、支气管、气道和食管等中空管状气管内部堵塞和狭窄的可能性。
本发明的又一目的在于提供从与支气管解剖结构相符的气管隆突的两个主要支气管入口处彻底移除肿瘤。
本发明的又一目的在于为支气管提供正常的截面宽度，并当存在支架指示时确保可以放置最宽的支架。
本发明的再一目的在于降低与堵塞上叶、中叶、小舌、下叶及其远端气道部分的管内肿瘤切除相关的并发症风险。
本发明的再一个目的在于在全身麻醉下提供到达位于所述叶和肺段支气管内的腔内病变的通路，并允许指定或确定标准的治疗途径。
本发明的还一目的在于开发一种切除器囊，用于治疗血管内堵塞，尤其是通过提供冠状血管扩张并由此消除冠状血管的所有堵塞来治疗冠心病。
本发明的还一目的在于开发一种机械的肿瘤切除方法，其对于心脏病学专家和患者而言便于应用，而且价格低廉并且易于负担。
为了实现上述目的，开发了一种切除器囊，其包括具有可变直径和长度的切除尖端；能够刮削和切除组织的切除部；通过支气管内窥镜或任意其它内窥镜提供进入腔内部位的通路的导管部；和配备有注射器并通过向其中注射空气或流体的方式使所述切除部膨胀的注射端部。
附图说明
图1示出在管状气管内膨胀或充气前的本发明装置。
图2示出在管状气管内膨胀或充气后的本发明装置。
附图标记
1.切除器囊
2.切除尖端
3.切除部
4.硬化表面
5.导管部
6.注射端部
7.管状器官。
具体实施方式
本发明涉及柔性和刚性切除器囊(1)，其开发用于治疗血管中和其它中空管状器官(7)如气管、气道、食管、尿道和胆管中发生的腔内-支气管内瘤样病变和血管内堵塞。
所述切除器囊(1)包括以下部分：具有可变直径和长度的切除尖端(2)；能够刮削和切除组织的切除部(3)；通过支气管内窥镜或任意其它内窥镜提供进入腔内部位的通路的导管部(5)；和配备有注射器并通过向其中注射空气或流体的方式使所述切除部(3)膨胀的注射端部(6)。
图1示出位于管状器官(7)内的膨胀或充气前的本发明切除器囊(1)。在本发明的切除器囊(1)中，所述切除部(3)在被置于如气管、支气管腔、气道、食管、尿道和胆管的中空管状器官(7)内之后进行膨胀或充气，以对抗伴随外压的腔内病变。
图2示出位于管状器官(7)内膨胀或充气后的本发明切除器囊(1)。切除器囊(1)的切除部(3)在该管状器官(7)内膨胀或充气，以使该管状器官(7)扩张，并且在经过或穿过肿瘤时，通过来回地移动本发明装置的方式来执行肿瘤切除过程。
由于提供在所述切除部(3)外表面上的硬化表面(4)能够借助于其特殊的涂层进行切除，因此可以刮削和破坏肿瘤组织，进而治疗任意的腔内-支气管内瘤样病变和血管内堵塞。
这些肿瘤组织在切除器囊(1)中移除或利用切除器囊(1)移除。重复执行所述过程，直到所述管状器官(7)被完全打通，并不再形成肿瘤。所述过程中出现的任何出血都可以通过本发明的切除器囊(1)的止血塞效应而止住。该腔内切除器囊(1)方法是一种在管状器官(7)被肿瘤堵塞时可以应用的治疗方法。
所述腔内-支气管内切除器囊(1)可以通过柔性支气管内窥镜和刚性支气管内窥镜来应用，使用后者相对比较安全。作为选择，任何附有刚性应用管的柔性切除器囊(1)可以被同样使用，并且可以被看作同类装置。除了来回地移位之外，通过左右转动刚性切除器囊(1)，有可能对腔内、支气管内、气管内和食管内的瘤样病变进行切除。
通过借助于本发明的切除器囊(1)贴合(支气管的)解剖结构，还可以彻底清除气管隆突的两个主要支气管入口处的肿瘤。结果，支气管恢复到正常的截面宽度，并且当可提及支架指示时，确保放置最宽的支架。
此外，本发明的切除器囊(1)降低了堵塞上叶、中叶、小舌、下叶及其远端气道部分的腔内肿瘤切除的并发症风险，因而可以被用作比所有其它技术更为有效的治疗方法。
借助于本发明的切除器囊(1)，尤其在全身麻醉下到达位于所述叶和肺段支气管内的腔内病变，并相应制定标准的治疗途径。
除了腔内病变之外，血管内切除器囊(1)在治疗血管内堵塞的应用中作为膨胀和支架放置程序的替代方法，使冠状动脉病的治疗可达到新的水平。所述切除器囊(1)通过为冠状血管提供膨胀而消除冠状血管内的任意堵塞。
切除器囊(1)的方便应用以及低成本和易于负担的特征，使之不仅方便了心脏病学专家，也方便了患者。
本申请的保护范围依据所附权利要求，并且不限于上述示例性的公开内容。对于相关领域的技术人员来说，通过使用相似的实施方案可以产生本发明所披露的新颖性，和/或可以处于相似目的将主题实施方案应用于其它领域是显而易见的。因此，显然这些实施方案应该不具有新颖性和创造性标准。

Claims (3)

1.一种柔性和刚性切除器囊(1)，其用于治疗血管中和其它中空管状器官(7)如气管、气道、食管、尿道和胆管中发生的腔内-支气管内瘤样病变和血管内堵塞，所述切除器囊(1)的特征在于包括：
切除部(3)，其在所述管状器官(7)内膨胀以在所述管状器官(7)中提供扩张，并且在经过或穿过肿瘤时，通过来回地移位或移动的方式来实施肿瘤切除过程；
导管部(5)，其通过支气管内窥镜或任意其它内窥镜提供到达腔内部位的通路；和
注射端部(6)，其可以配备有注射器，所述注射器用于通过注射空气或流体使所述切除部(3)膨胀。
2.根据权利要求1所述的柔性和刚性切除器囊(1)，其特征在于还包括硬化表面(4)，所述硬化表面(4)提供在所述切除部(3)的外表面上，并通过刮削来破坏所述管状器官(7)内的任意肿瘤组织。
3.根据权利要求1所述的柔性和刚性切除器囊(1)，其特征在于还包括切除尖端(2)，所述切除尖端(2)提供在所述切除部(3)的末端上并与所述切除部(3)相连。
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