CN101142065A - 具有木质元件和与其粘接的五金配件的部件及其制造方法 - Google Patents

具有木质元件和与其粘接的五金配件的部件及其制造方法 Download PDF

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CN101142065A
CN101142065A CNA2006800081958A CN200680008195A CN101142065A CN 101142065 A CN101142065 A CN 101142065A CN A2006800081958 A CNA2006800081958 A CN A2006800081958A CN 200680008195 A CN200680008195 A CN 200680008195A CN 101142065 A CN101142065 A CN 101142065A
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adhesive
hardware fitting
wooden elements
coating
parts
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CN101142065B (zh
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M·里佩廷格
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Fritz Egger GmbH and Co OG
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Abstract

本发明涉及一种将五金配件固定在木质元件上的方法，其中，五金配件的接合面至少局部涂有胶粘剂，五金配件的接合面与木质元件相接触，利用磁感应方式将胶粘剂加热并使其活化，通过使胶粘剂硬化从而在五金配件和木质元件之间形成胶合连接。本发明也涉及一种按照上述方法制造的部件。

Description

具有木质元件和与其粘接的五金配件的部件及其制造方法
技术领域
本发明涉及一种由木质元件和与其粘接的五金配件所构成的部件。本发明同样也涉及一种将五金配件与木质元件粘接在一起的方法。
背景技术
本发明所述的木质元件是指由天然木材、天然木材制成的单个零件或者天然木材制成的材料所构成的元件。由木材制成的单个零件所构成的元件例如可以是木工板。木材制成的材料可以是中密度纤维板(MDF)、高密度纤维板(HDF)、硬纤维板、刨花板或者定向刨花板(OSB)。
在现有技术中，含有木质元件的部件上通常设置有金属配件(如把手或铰链)。尤其是在家具部件或者门上。所述部件与五金配件之间通常使用机械式紧固方法连接，尤其是利用螺丝将五金配件固定在木质元件的表面上。
然而，有一些部件并非由木质材料实心层构成，而是仅由厚度很小的木质材料层构成，这使得很难或者根本不可能用螺丝进行固定。在这些情况下，就必须以其它方式固定五金配件，尤其是将其与部件胶接在一起。
但胶接工序的耗费较大，尤其是胶合剂的涂布、硬化以及五金配件和木质元件之间的定位需要耗费多道工序。由于加工中需要热量，这使得需要通过加热来活化的胶合剂在使用中存在问题，因为任何木质材料在过高的加热温度下均会发生变色。
发明内容
本发明的任务就在于对开头所述的方法和部件进行改进，从而简化使用热熔性胶合剂的粘接工艺，且同时能改善胶接质量。
上述技术问题可按照权利要求1所述的将五金配件与木质元件进行胶接的方法加以解决，其中，五金配件的接合面至少局部涂有胶粘剂，且五金配件的接合面与木质元件相接触，在形成接触之前或之后利用磁感应方式使五金配件或胶粘剂发热，通过所产生的热量对胶粘剂加热并使其活化，通过胶粘剂的硬化在五金配件和木质元件之间形成胶合连接。
该方法的好处在于：首先在五金配件上涂上胶粘剂，或者说在与木质元件进行胶接之前进行涂布。胶粘剂在冷却状态下如果不经过加热，就不具有粘接作用或者仅有微弱的粘接作用。只有当涂有胶粘剂的接合面与木质元件的表面即将接触或者有接触之后，胶合剂才应当产生粘接力。
因此本方法的优点特别适合于工业应用，因为可以在出厂前给五金配件涂上胶粘剂，之后在使用木质元件进行处理时仅需就地加热即可。其中，只需通过感应方式仅对五金配件或者胶合剂进行加热，且木质元件的受热程度极小，因此特别有益。
为此要么在接触之前，要么在接触之后，利用磁感应加热源对五金配件或者胶合剂进行加热。磁感应加热方式的好处在于：仅对五金配件或者胶合剂的可导电部分进行加热，而不必产生热辐射。因此首先通过磁感应方式仅仅对五金配件或者胶粘剂进行加热，而木质元件并不受热。这样就能使胶粘剂活化，并且释放其粘接力。
通过与胶粘剂的接触，以及少量由五金配件或者胶粘剂所发出的热辐射，也会将热量传递给木质材料，但并不会超过能够使木质材料发生变色、燃烧或者炭化的温度极限。在短暂加热后，胶粘剂可迅速冷却下来，从而使得传递给木质材料的热量不会对木质材料元件造成负面影响。
可通过一个装置以磁感应方式对导电体进行感应加热，该装置借助一个施以交流电的线圈来产生交变磁场，该交变磁场又能在导电元件中感应出交流电。由于元件中存在电阻，因此元件中的感应电流就会在电流所经过的部位将元件加热。这样就会立即在元件内部产生热量，并不需要通过热传导作用将热量传递到元件内部。
通过感应方式不会使非导电材料，尤其是上述类型的木质材料得到加热。此外，导电性良好的材料如铝或者铜，由于其电阻极小，也几乎不会被加热。因此适合于感应加热的金属均具有较大的电阻。
在DE 20300624U1中公开了一种适合于实施这种方法的装置。这是一种可以用来进行感应加热的手持式设备。当然本发明并不局限于使用手持式设备。在工业应用中(例如家具生产)也可以使用固定式装置。
五金配件最好用可磁感应加热的材料制成，且可以用磁感应方式对其进行加热。五金配件中产生的热量被传递给胶粘剂。优选的是五金配件由金属制成，当然也可使用导电塑料或者含有导电颗粒的塑料。
胶粘剂同样也可具有导电性，且可通过磁感应方式对其进行加热。这种情况下将直接在胶粘剂中产生热量，也就是正好在需要使胶粘剂活化与硬化之处产生热量。
除此之外，本身并不导电的胶粘剂也可以含有能够通过磁感应方式加热的导电颗粒。例如胶粘剂中可以含有能够通过磁感应方式进行加热，并且可将热量散发给胶粘剂的金属颗粒或者金属屑。这样可以在恰好需要使胶粘剂活化与硬化之处产生热量。
胶粘剂的设计方案有很多种。对胶粘剂的要求在于：可通过输入热量的方式使胶粘剂进入活化状态，以便胶粘剂在冷却后进入粘接状态，从而使五金配件和木质元件连接在一起。
优选的是使用反应性胶粘剂，并且在将五金配件安装在木质元件上之前，使胶粘剂至少局部预交联。经过加热后使胶粘剂最终硬化。反应性胶粘剂可分为聚合反应胶粘剂、加聚反应胶粘剂和缩聚反应胶粘剂。因此可根据化学反应类型区分反应性胶粘剂。
所有这些反应性胶粘剂均具有共同的特性，即在室温下并不发生反应或者极少部分发生反应，只有在输入热量将其加热后，才会发生化学反应。这些反应性胶粘剂也被称作热固化或者高温固化胶粘剂。优选的是使用仅需温度上升较小幅度就能发生化学反应的反应性胶粘剂。因此热固化反应性胶粘剂最为适用。
在所述方法的另一种设计方案中所采用的是热塑性胶粘剂，且在将五金配件安装在木质元件上之前，至少使所述胶粘剂部分固化。然后通过加热使其至少局部活化，尤其是使其液化，从而与木质元件的表面良好结合在一起，并可在胶粘剂冷却之后形成胶接作用。
在本方法的另一种优选设计方案中，所使用的是一种多组分胶粘剂。这种胶粘剂一部分是热塑性胶粘剂，另一部分是反应性胶粘剂。此类胶粘剂也被称作反应性热熔胶(RHM)。
除此之外，也可以在安装五金配件之前，通过打毛、磨削、整平以及/或者其它方法对木质元件表面进行预处理，并且/或者涂布一层底漆或者其它用于表面涂覆预处理的产品。
尤其可以在待粘接部位，按照如上所述对木质元件的涂层进行预处理，并且/或者局部或完全清除这些涂层。
上述技术问题也可以通过具有权利要求7所述特征的部件加以解决。该部件的其它优选设计方案均已在从属权利要求中阐明。
本发明所述的部件具有至少一个木质元件以及至少一个与木质元件连接的五金配件。胶粘剂层处在木质元件和五金配件之间，其中，胶粘剂将五金配件和木质元件连接在一起。本发明所述的五金配件或者胶粘剂层至少局部可以导电。
五金配件是指可以与木质元件结合的任何一种元件。例如五金配件可以是铰链、把手、钩子、钩环、锁、端盖，尤其是桌脚，或者并没有任何具体技术功能的附件。
优选的是五金配件至少由一种导电材料构成。这样五金配件就能够通过磁感应方式对自己进行加热。最好使用金属作为可导电的材料，同样也可以使用自身能够导电，或者含有多个导电颗粒的塑料。
除此之外，胶粘剂层可以由至少一种导电材料构成。一方面可通过具有导电能力的胶粘剂产生胶粘剂层的导电性。另一方面也可通过胶粘剂内部所含的多个导电颗粒来产生胶粘剂层的导电性。
本发明特别适用于那些具有或者没有框架结构的轻型结构板，其中，木质元件具有至少一层外部盖板。此类部件的结构不够牢固，无法利用机械手段(例如螺丝)将五金配件与木质元件可靠结合在一起。因为部件中并不含有足够结实的材料可以让螺丝形成结实的连接。此外，木质元件最好具有未经处理的表面。这样可保证与该表面进行良好、可靠的粘接。
在本发明的另一种设计方案中，木质元件的表面具有一种涂层，尤其是油漆层、层压塑料层、三聚氰胺树脂涂层、胶合板，最好经过上油或者上蜡，或者一种薄膜涂层。在这种情况下，五金元件就与涂层粘接在一起。持久性固定五金配件的重要前提条件是：涂层应具有足够的粘着能力，以便能够将所传递的作用力或者张力传递给木质元件。
此外也可在安装五金配件之前，通过打毛、磨削、整平和/或者其它方法，对上述涂层进行预处理，并且/或者涂布底漆或者用于进行预处理的其它产品。尤其可以在待粘接部位局部或者完全清除这些涂层。
当然上述所有预处理方法也可以单独、或者组合用于木质元件上。
以下将分别根据如图所示的实施例对上述部件和方法进行详细说明。
附图说明
图1一种轻型结构的木质元件，具有与其间隔距离的五金配件，
图2与五金配件相接触的木质元件；其中用于进行感应加热的电磁辐射正作用于五金配件上，
图3与五金配件粘接在一起的木质元件，该五金配件还与另一个元件通过螺纹连接固定在一起，
图4与五金配件粘接在一起的木质元件的另一种设计方案，其中五金配件同样也按照本发明所述方法与另一个元件粘接在一起。
具体实施方式
在图1至3中根据一种优选实施例，对用于制造本发明所述部件的工艺流程的不同阶段进行了详细说明。
部件2具有一个轻型结构的木质元件4。其中有一个夹心层6，木质板8和10分别覆盖在该夹心层的两面。夹心层例如可以是厚纸板或铝构成的蜂窝式构造。木质板8和10的厚度较薄，无法用螺丝将铰链型式的五金配件12固定在木质板8和10上。
因此将五金配件12与上层木质元件8的表面粘接在一起，且在粘接过程中使用本发明所述的磁感应方式对五金配件12进行加热。五金配件12由导电材料构成，例如金属。
如图1所示，木质元件4和五金配件12最开始相距一定距离排列。在五金配件12指向下方的接合面14上有胶粘剂涂层16，该胶粘剂形状稳定，且仅具有很少或者根本没有胶接作用。
如图1中的箭头所示，使五金配件12与木质元件4的表面接触。
然后如图2所示，将电磁辐射施加在五金配件12上，且至少在接合面14的范围内以感应方式对五金配件12进行加热。通过这种局部产生的热量使胶粘剂活化，从而使其能够重新发挥粘接力。图2中的波浪线以及宽箭头表示电磁辐射。
图2中没有绘出用于产生电磁辐射的装置，因为本发明并不涉及该类装置。可以使用手持式设备或者固定式装置。换句话说，本发明所述的方法既可用于工业化与自动化批量生产，也可用于单件生产。
图3所示是最终硬化后的部件，其中木质元件4已经与五金配件12固定粘接在一起。图3还表明：五金配件12利用常规螺丝20在其它位置与另一个元件18固定连接在一起。
图4所示是木质元件4的一种替代实施例，同时示出了与该木质元件粘接在一起的五金配件12。木质板8以及夹心层6均在相当于五金配件12大小的范围内被掏空。五金配件12通过涂层16与木质板10和8粘接在一起。具体粘接过程就是以上所述的方法。
尤其可以通过调整五金配件12的厚度，使得五金配件12的外表面与木质板8的外表面齐平。
此外同样也可以使用涂层16将五金配件12的第二部分粘接在另一个元件上，例如门18。此时也可使用上述本发明的方法进行粘接。
首先使得五金配件12与木质元件4相接触，然后再将电磁辐射施加给五金配件12。这种方式的优点在于：当已经接触到木质元件4时，才以感应方式对五金配件12以及胶粘剂进行加热。这样就有助于在木质元件4的表面上定位五金配件12，因为此时尚没有或者仅有少许胶接力，且可以重新脱开表面接触，或者在木质元件4的表面上移动五金配件12。
也可以在接触木质元件4之前，首先对五金配件12进行感应加热。在这种情况下，只有当胶粘剂至少已经局部活化之后，胶粘剂才会接触到木质元件4的表面。

Claims (20)

1.一种将五金配件固定在木质元件上的方法，其中，
五金配件的接合面至少局部涂有胶粘剂，
将五金配件的接合面与木质元件相接触，
在接触之前或者之后，利用磁感应方式在五金配件或者胶粘剂中产生热量，
通过热量对胶粘剂进行加热并使其活化，
通过硬化的胶粘剂在五金配件和木质元件之间形成胶接。
2.根据权利要求1所述的方法，其中，
五金配件由一种导电材料构成，并且通过磁感应方式对五金配件进行加热，
五金配件中产生的热量被传递给胶粘剂。
3.根据权利要求1所述的方法，其中，
胶粘剂具有导电能力，并且通过磁感应方式对其进行加热。
4.根据权利要求1所述的方法，其中，
胶粘剂含有能通过磁感应方式加热的导电颗粒。
5.根据权利要求1所述的方法，其中，
胶粘剂由一种反应性胶粘剂构成，并且在木质元件上安装五金配件之前使胶粘剂至少部分预交联，
胶粘剂在加热后最终硬化。
6.根据权利要求1所述的方法，其中，
胶粘剂由一种热塑性胶粘剂构成，并且在木质元件上安装五金配件之前至少使其部分固化，
利用加热方式使胶粘剂至少部分液化。
7.根据权利要求1至6中任一权利要求所述的方法，其中，
通过打毛、磨削、整平以及/或者其它方法，至少在待粘接部位对木质元件表面进行预处理，并且/或者涂布一层底漆或者其它表面预处理产品。
8.一种部件，
具有至少一个木质元件(4)，
具有至少一个与木质元件(4)连接在一起的五金配件(12)，并且
具有胶粘剂涂层(16)，其中，
胶粘剂涂层(16)处在木质元件(4)和五金配件(12)之间，并且
胶粘剂(16)将五金配件(12)和木质元件(4)连接在一起，
其特征在于，五金配件(12)或者胶粘剂涂层(16)至少部分具有导电能力。
9.根据权利要求8所述的部件，其特征在于，五金配件(12)至少部分由导电材料构成。
10.根据权利要求8所述的部件，其特征在于，胶粘剂涂层(16)至少部分由导电材料构成。
11.根据权利要求8所述的部件，其特征在于，胶粘剂具有导电能力。
12.根据权利要求8所述的部件，其特征在于，胶粘剂涂层(16)具有多个导电颗粒。
13.根据权利要求8至12中任一权利要求所述的部件，其特征在于，胶粘剂由反应性胶粘剂或者热塑性胶粘剂构成。
14.根据权利要求8至13中任一权利要求所述的部件，其特征在于，木质元件(4)为轻型结构板，且有至少一个外部的盖板(8，10)。
15.根据权利要求14所述的部件，其特征在于，每一个盖板(8，10)均具有一个空隙，其中，五金配件(12)部分安装在所述空隙中，并且在此处粘接。
16.根据权利要求8至15中任一权利要求所述的部件，其特征在于，木质元件(4)具有涂层。
17.根据权利要求16所述的部件，其特征在于，通过打毛、磨削、整平以及/或者其它方法，在待粘接部位对涂层进行预处理，并且/或者涂布一层底漆或者其它表面预处理产品。
18.根据权利要求16或17所述的部件，其特征在于，在待粘接部位部分清除涂层。
19.根据权利要求16至18中任一权利要求所述的部件，其特征在于，五金配件(12)与涂层胶接在一起。
20.根据权利要求16所述的部件，其特征在于，在待粘接部位完全清除涂层。
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RU2007138303A (ru) 2009-04-27
EP1858679A2 (de) 2007-11-28
EP1858679B1 (de) 2008-12-24
WO2006097518A3 (de) 2006-12-21
ATE418432T1 (de) 2009-01-15
PL1858679T3 (pl) 2009-06-30
HK1114054A1 (en) 2008-10-24
ES2318741T3 (es) 2009-05-01
CN101142065B (zh) 2011-08-17
DK1858679T3 (da) 2009-04-20
RU2368494C2 (ru) 2009-09-27
WO2006097518A2 (de) 2006-09-21
JP2008533268A (ja) 2008-08-21
PT1858679E (pt) 2009-03-09
DE502006002436D1 (de) 2009-02-05

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