CN101120246B - 多模式平板x射线成像系统及方法 - Google Patents

多模式平板x射线成像系统及方法 Download PDF

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CN101120246B
CN101120246B CN2006800047177A CN200680004717A CN101120246B CN 101120246 B CN101120246 B CN 101120246B CN 2006800047177 A CN2006800047177 A CN 2006800047177A CN 200680004717 A CN200680004717 A CN 200680004717A CN 101120246 B CN101120246 B CN 101120246B
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理查德·M·雷维
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    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61BDIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B6/00Apparatus for radiation diagnosis, e.g. combined with radiation therapy equipment
    • A61B6/42Apparatus for radiation diagnosis, e.g. combined with radiation therapy equipment with arrangements for detecting radiation specially adapted for radiation diagnosis
    • A61B6/4208Apparatus for radiation diagnosis, e.g. combined with radiation therapy equipment with arrangements for detecting radiation specially adapted for radiation diagnosis characterised by using a particular type of detector
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    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61BDIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B6/00Apparatus for radiation diagnosis, e.g. combined with radiation therapy equipment
    • A61B6/44Constructional features of apparatus for radiation diagnosis
    • A61B6/4429Constructional features of apparatus for radiation diagnosis related to the mounting of source units and detector units
    • A61B6/4435Constructional features of apparatus for radiation diagnosis related to the mounting of source units and detector units the source unit and the detector unit being coupled by a rigid structure
    • A61B6/4441Constructional features of apparatus for radiation diagnosis related to the mounting of source units and detector units the source unit and the detector unit being coupled by a rigid structure the rigid structure being a C-arm or U-arm
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    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61BDIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
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    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
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    • A61BDIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B6/00Apparatus for radiation diagnosis, e.g. combined with radiation therapy equipment
    • A61B6/40Apparatus for radiation diagnosis, e.g. combined with radiation therapy equipment with arrangements for generating radiation specially adapted for radiation diagnosis
    • A61B6/4064Apparatus for radiation diagnosis, e.g. combined with radiation therapy equipment with arrangements for generating radiation specially adapted for radiation diagnosis specially adapted for producing a particular type of beam
    • A61B6/4085Cone-beams

Abstract

一种平板X射线成像系统能够以多个帧速率并以多个视场获取图像。

Description

多模式平板X射线成像系统及方法
技术领域
本发明涉及X射线辐射成像系统,更具体的,涉及使用固态平坦检测器板的并且能够以多个检测模式操作的平板X射线辐射成像系统。
背景技术
使用X射线辐射技术已经成为医学诊断和治疗中的有价值且广泛的工具。在胶片射线照相术中,X射线脉冲在穿过人体之后被记录在高分辨率X射线胶片上。在X射线荧光透视法中,图像增强管将X射线辐射转换成视频信号以将体内活动作为视频图像来查看和记录。
胶片射线照像术因其良好的空间分辨率、高信噪比(SNR)、大检测区域和低成本而被普遍使用。然而,对曝光的X射线胶片进行显影一般至少要花费90秒,这在紧急情况下可能过长。此外,X射线胶片的较低动态范围可能导致曝光不够或者曝光过度的图像,并且因此,必须进行额外的曝光,而这增加了上述延时以及患者所吸收的X射线剂量。
在X射线荧光透视法中使用的图像增强管具有比X射线胶片的曝光宽容度(latitude)更大的曝光宽容度,但是也具有更有限的活动检测区和更低的空间分辨率。与总活动检测区相关联的较低空间分辨率因以下原因而得到一定缓解:图像增强管允许放大中央图像部分,由此提供了一种方式来增强视觉细节。然而,图像增强管一般很重、体积大且昂贵,并且可能引入图像失真,而此图像失真只能在后续处理中部分地消除。
已经开发出许多可供选择的X射线成像技术。例如,一个可供选择的名为计算射线照像术的技术涉及使用光激励磷光板,其具有与标 准X射线胶片盒相同的物理外观并且提供良好的空间分辨率、SNR和动态范围。然而,在曝光于X射线之后,必须利用大且昂贵的激光系统对光激励磷光板进行扫描,并且读出处理如胶片的显影一样慢。
另一种提供良好的空间分辨率和动态范围、以及增加的与实时数字图像处理技术兼容性的优点的选择涉及使用固态检测器板。一个这种板使用非晶硅(a-Si)检测器阵列,该阵列被排列为二维像素矩阵,每个像素包括光敏元件以及晶体管开关。与利用X射线胶片盒一样,检测器阵列被闪烁层覆盖以将碰撞X射线转换为对于光敏元件的可见光。另一个这种板是光导板,其具有由诸如非晶硅(a-Se)这样的材料制成的检测器阵列,该检测器阵列将碰撞X射线直接转换成电荷。
在成像性能和成本方面,这种固态检测器板,也称为平板,已变得越来越高效。因此,在这种平板检测器的效率增加的情况下,期望能够使用这种检测器来进行多种类型的X射线成像。
发明内容
根据要求保护的本发明的一些方面,平板X射线成像系统能够以多个帧速率并以多个视场获取图像。
根据所要求保护的本发明的一个实施例,一种适于以多个帧速率并且以多个视场获取图像的平板X射线成像系统包括:X射线发射系统、X射线检测系统以及控制系统。该X射线发射系统响应于至少一个发射控制信号而提供多个X射线辐射发射。该X射线检测系统包括大致平面的X射线接收器,在将至少部分地置于所述X射线发射系统与所述X射线接收器之间的对象暴露于所述多个X射线辐射发射的相应部分之后,所述X射线检测系统响应于至少一个检测控制信号以及所述多个X射线辐射发射的对应部分,来提供具有多个帧速率并且与多个所述对象的图像对应的多个图像信号,其中所述多个对象图像中的第一部分具有较大视场(FOV)以及所述多个帧速率中的较低速率,并且所述多个对象图像中的第二部分具有具有较小FOV以及所述多个帧速率中的较高速率。该控制系统耦合到所述X射线发射系统和X 射线检测系统,并且响应于多个用户输入的至少一部分而提供所述至少一个发射控制信号和所述至少一个检测控制信号。
根据所要求保护的本发明的另一实施例,一种适于以多个帧速率并且以多个视场获取图像的平板X射线成像系统包括:X射线发射器装置、X射线检测器装置和控制器装置。该X射线发射器装置响应于至少一个发射控制信号而提供多个X射线辐射发射。该X射线检测器装置包括大致平面的X射线接收器装置,在将至少部分地置于所述X射线发射器装置与所述X射线接收器装置之间的对象暴露于所述多个X射线辐射发射的相应部分之后,所述X射线检测器装置响应于至少一个检测控制信号以及所述多个X射线辐射发射的对应部分,来提供具有多个帧速率并且与多个所述对象的图像对应的多个图像信号,其中所述多个对象图像中的第一部分具有较大视场(FOV)以及所述多个帧速率中的较低速率,并且所述多个对象图像中的第二部分具有具有较小FOV以及所述多个帧速率中的较高速率。该控制器装置用于响应于多个用户输入的至少一部分而提供所述至少一个发射控制信号和所述至少一个检测控制信号。
根据所要求保护的本发明的另一实施例,一种用于使用平板X射线成像系统来以多个帧速率并且以多个视场获取图像的方法,该方法包括:
将对象至少部分地置于X射线发射源与大致平面的X射线接收器之间;
响应于至少一个发射控制信号的接收,利用所述X射线辐射源来提供多个X射线辐射发射;
在将所述对象暴露于所述多个X射线辐射发射的相应部分之后,响应于至少一个检测控制信号的接收以及所述多个X射线辐射发射的对应部分,利用所述X射线接收器提供多个图像信号,其中所述多个图像信号具有多个帧速率并且对应于所述对象的多个图像,其中所述多个对象图像中的第一部分具有较大视场(FOV)以及所述多个帧速率中的较低速率,并且所述多个对象图像中的第二部分具有较小FOV 以及所述多个帧速率中的较高速率。
附图说明
图1示出了根据要求保护的本发明的一个实施例的多模式平板X射线成像系统的一个示例实施例。
图2示出了使用如图1所示的X射线成像系统的体积扫描(volumetric scan)。
图3示出了使用如图1所示的X射线成像系统的截面扫描。
图4示出了如何使用图1的X射线成像系统来产生两个图像,然后至少部分地组合这两个图像来产生组合图像。
具体实施方式
以下具体描述是参照附图的所要求保护的本发明的示例性实施例。该描述旨在例示而非限制本发明的范围。足够具体地描述这些实施例,以使得本领域普通技术人员能够实践本发明,应当理解,可以在不脱离本发明的精神或范围的情况下以一些变型来实现其它实施例。
在整个公开中,应当理解如果没有与上下文相反的明确表示,则所描述的单独电路元件可以是单个或者多个。例如,术语“电路”和“电路系统”可以包括单个元件或多个元件,该元件可以是有源的和/或无源的,并且被链接或者否则耦合在一起(如,作为一个或多个集成电路芯片),以提供所述功能。此外,术语“信号”可以指一个或多个电流、一个或多个电压、或者数据信号。在图中,类似或相关的元件将具有类似或相关的字母、数字或字母数字标号。此外,虽然在实施方面使用了离散电子电路(优选的,一个或多个集成电路芯片的形式)来讨论本发明,但是作为替换,可以根据待处理的信号频率或数据速率使用一个或多个适当的经编程处理器来实现这种电路的任何一部分的功能。
参照图1,根据所要求保护的本发明的一个实施例的多模式平板 X射线成像系统100包括:X射线发射系统102、X射线检测系统104和控制系统106,如图所示。控制系统106依照多个用户输入107,控制由发射系统102发射的X射线辐射的剂量和发射图案、以及由检测系统104生成和处理图像信号的操作,该检测系统包括大致平面的X射线接收器。为了以不同角度获得二维X射线图像以及获得其余的三维图像(如,对于计算层析成像),控制系统106可以使得大致彼此延直径相对的发射系统102和检测系统104在枢轴108上沿着关于轴111的弧109旋转。正在为其获得X射线图像的对象110大致与旋转轴111同轴,在平台112(其高度可以通过适当的机构114来调节)上受到支持,并且可以沿着平行于旋转轴111的直线109b纵向移动,以及沿横向(即,沿垂直于旋转轴111的水平方向)移动。因此,利用对对象110进行直线移动和定位(垂直、纵向和横向)的全范围,结合发射系统102和检测系统104的旋转,实质上可以获得任何形式的图像,如,投影、X线透视、射线照像、锥形束计算断层成像(CT)。
应当理解,虽然图1的机构被示出为大致整体机构,其中发射系统102和检测系统104相互机械耦合,但是如下系统也在所要求保护的本发明的范围内:在该系统中发射系统102和检测系统104没有共享机械链接,而是由控制系统106来控制以彼此延直径相对地围绕轴111旋转。
参照图2,发射系统102的头部122包括具有准直仪124的X射线辐射源123,利用该准直仪124,可以控制发射图案,即,X射线束125a的尺寸和形状。在该示例中,发射图案125a采取锥形形式,对象110的一部分110a暴露于该锥形,随后由检测系统104的接收器132来吸收不同衰减的X射线。所得像素数据信号被接收器访问、被电路134读出、并被按照传统方式处理来将图像信号135提供给控制系统106。(这种检测系统以传统方式操作,更为具体的描述可以在美国专利第5,910,115中找到,在本文中通过参考并入该专利的公开。)
参照图3,准直仪124还可以被控制来产生扇形或切片形形式的X射线束125b,该X射线束在对对象110的该部分110a进行曝光之 后,被接收器132的一部分132a吸收(如,几行或几列像素中的一个或多个),随后,接收器电路的一部分134a产生对于控制系统106的一个(串行)或多个(并行)图像信号135a。
参照图4,根据所要求保护的本发明的另一实施例,可以按照如下方式操作成像系统100,即,产生与可变分辨率的两个图像对应的图像信号。例如,可以在对应于较低分辨率图像202的一次扫描(如,直线或旋转)期间,产生一个图像信号集合。这之后是另一次扫描,对于该另一次扫描,产生与更高分辨率图像204对应的图像信号。如果希望,还可以以不同的分辨率进行另外扫描,产生另外图像。一旦产生了这些图像信号,可以将它们相组合以产生与组合图像206对应的一个图像信号集合,在该组合图像206中,图像206的一部分(如背景202a)包含较低分辨率的图像数据,而感兴趣的区域204a包含较高分辨率的图像数据。这将允许以低图像帧速率在大视场上拍摄考察(exploratory)或“侦察”图像(如,经由X线透视、射线照像或锥形束CT拍摄),其中运动伪影(artifact)(如,由于对象110在对于较大面积扫描所需的较长时间期间的运动)并非关键的。此外,如果需要,可以经由像素组合(pixel binning)技术来控制该扫描的空间分辨率,以按照所选图像帧速率来容纳所期望的视场。
同时,在较小的感兴趣区域中,可以执行经由X线透视、射线照像或锥形束CT技术的更高速的扫描(如,以更高的帧速率读出感兴趣的像素数据),由此增加时间分辨率并使对象运动伪影最少。此外,如果需要,可以改变感兴趣的区域中的扫描的空间分辨率,如,分别进行更多或更少的像素组合以减少或增加空间分辨率。应当注意,可以在整个组合图像206区域内的其它感兴趣区域中对对象使用更快的扫描来获取额外更高的(时间或空间)分辨率图像。
应当理解,组合图像206可以是该对象110的投射视图的形式,在该图像中,呈现有二维图像信息。另选的,组合图像206可以是CT扫描的结果,并且代表采取对象110的一部分的截面视图形式的三维图像信息(如,这些扫描是围绕对象绕圆圈进行的,或者沿着对象成 螺旋形地进行的,以获得作为体积图像的用于重构所需的图像信息)。应当注意,这些扫描可以是旋转的,其中以较低图像帧速率进行对应于较大视场角的初始扫描以获得考察图像,随后以较高的图像帧速率进行对应于较小视场角(如,感兴趣区域)的另一扫描以获得(如,时间)分辨率增加的图像。如上下文中使用的,视场角是指所使用的图像信息量(如,从检测系统104的接收器132读出或者否则提取的)。例如,对于较小的视场角,使用接收器的来自较小区域的像素数据,由此由于需要处理较少的像素数据,所以可以容许更高的图像帧速率。如果期望,还可以按照与期望视场或图像帧速率或者两者相一致的相应方式来控制或改变其它操作参数,如扫描速度(如,发射系统102和检测系统104的直线或旋转移动),或者发射图案125a、125b。
作为示例性实施例,可以通过以第一速度一次或多次旋转发射系统102和检测系统104,来获取如对象110的残缺(torso)区域的锥形束CT扫描,同时以第一帧速率从基本上所有接收器132区域中获取数据。还可以按不同的、更大的速度旋转发射系统102和检测系统104,同时以更大的帧速率从接收器132区域的一部分(如,8行或16行像素阵列)中获取数据。所述第二区域可以是感兴趣区域,在该区域中可能期望更大的帧速率以使运动伪影最少。
在不脱离本发明的范围和精神的情况下,对于本发明的结构和操作方法的各种其它修改和替换对于本领域技术人员而言将是显而易见的。虽然结合特定优选实施例描述了本发明,但是应当理解所要求保护的本发明不应当过度地局限于特定优选实施例。以下权利要求旨在定义本发明的范围以及由这些权利要求涵盖的这些权利要求及其等价物的范围内的结构和方法。

Claims (16)

1.一种适于以多个帧速率并且以多个视场获取图像的平板X射线成像系统,该系统包括:
X射线发射系统,其响应于至少一个发射控制信号而提供多个X射线辐射发射;
X射线检测系统,其包括大致平面的X射线接收器,在将至少部分地置于所述X射线发射系统与所述X射线接收器之间的对象暴露于所述多个X射线辐射发射的相应部分之后,所述X射线检测系统响应于至少一个检测控制信号以及所述多个X射线辐射发射的相应部分,来提供具有多个帧速率并且与多个所述对象的图像对应的多个图像信号,所述多个对象图像包括所述对象的一个或多个部分的一个或多个如下视图中的每一种:投影视图、体积视图和截面视图,所述多个对象图像中的第一部分具有较大视场以及所述多个帧速率中的较低速率,并且所述多个对象图像中的第二部分具有较小视场以及所述多个帧速率中的较高速率;以及
控制系统,其耦合到所述X射线发射系统和X射线检测系统,并且响应于多个用户输入的至少一部分而提供所述至少一个发射控制信号和所述至少一个检测控制信号。
2.根据权利要求1所述的系统,其中所述控制系统提供所述至少一个发射控制信号和所述至少一个检测控制信号,以使得所述X射线检测系统提供所述多个图像信号中的与所述多个对象图像的所述第一部分对应的第一部分,随后提供所述多个图像信号中的与所述多个对象图像的所述第二部分对应的第二部分。
3.根据权利要求1所述的系统,其中所述多个图像信号对应于多个扫描模式,这些扫描模式包括X线透视模式、射线照像模式或锥形束计算层析成像模式。
4.根据权利要求1所述的系统,其中所述一个或多个投影视图包括X线透视图像的投影视图和射线照像图像的投影视图。
5.根据权利要求4所述的系统,其中所述体积视图包括体积的层析图像,并且所述截面视图包括截面的层析图像。
6.根据权利要求1所述的系统,其中所述体积视图包括体积的层析图像,并且所述截面视图包括截面的层析图像。
7.根据权利要求1所述的系统,其中所述控制系统提供所述至少一个发射控制信号,以使得所述X射线发射系统以多个发射图案提供所述多个X射线辐射发射。
8.根据权利要求1所述的系统,其中所述X射线发射系统和X射线检测系统以多个旋转速度绕着轴旋转。
9.根据权利要求1所述的系统,其中所述X射线发射系统和X射线检测系统以大致彼此沿直径相对的方式绕着轴旋转。
10.根据权利要求1所述的系统,其中所述X射线发射系统和X射线检测系统按多个旋转速度并以大致彼此沿直径相对的方式绕着轴旋转。
11.根据权利要求1所述的系统,其中所述多个对象图像的所述第一部分和第二部分分别具有与其关联的互不相似的第一图像分辨率和第二图像分辨率。
12.根据权利要求11所述的系统,其中所述互不相似的第一图像分辨率和第二图像分辨率包括互不相似的第一时间分辨率和第二时间分辨率。
13.根据权利要求1所述的系统,其中所述控制系统包括信号处理系统,其响应于所述多个用户输入的至少另一部分,处理所述多个图像信号的至少一部分,以产生与组合图像对应的多个经处理信号,在该组合图像中,所述多个对象图像的所述第一部分和第二部分被组合。
14.根据权利要求1所述的系统,其中所述控制系统包括信号处理系统,其响应于所述多个用户输入的至少另一部分,处理所述多个图像信号的至少一部分,以产生与组合图像对应的多个经处理信号,在该组合图像中,所述多个对象图像的所述第一部分和第二部分的相应子部分被组合。
15.根据权利要求1所述的系统,其中所述控制系统包括信号处理系统,其响应于所述多个用户输入的至少另一部分,处理所述多个图像信号的至少一部分,以产生与组合图像对应的多个经处理信号,在该组合图像中,所述多个对象图像的所述第二部分取代所述多个对象图像的所述第一部分的子部分。
16.一种用于使用平板X射线成像系统来以多个帧速率并且以多个视场获取图像的方法,该方法包括:
将对象至少部分地置于X射线辐射源与大致平面的X射线接收器之间;
响应于至少一个发射控制信号的接收,利用所述X射线辐射源来提供多个X射线辐射发射;
在将所述对象暴露于所述多个X射线辐射发射的相应部分之后,响应于至少一个检测控制信号的接收以及所述多个X射线辐射发射的相应部分,利用所述X射线接收器提供多个图像信号,其中所述多个图像信号具有多个帧速率并且对应于多个所述对象的图像,所述多个对象图像包括所述对象的一个或多个部分的一个或多个如下视图中的每一种:投影视图、体积视图和截面视图,所述多个对象图像中的第一部分具有较大视场以及所述多个帧速率中的较低速率,并且所述多个对象图像中的第二部分具有较小视场以及所述多个帧速率中的较高速率。
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