CN101107429A - 特别是在内燃机中的气体交换的控制阀 - Google Patents

特别是在内燃机中的气体交换的控制阀 Download PDF

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CN101107429A
CN101107429A CNA2006800032186A CN200680003218A CN101107429A CN 101107429 A CN101107429 A CN 101107429A CN A2006800032186 A CNA2006800032186 A CN A2006800032186A CN 200680003218 A CN200680003218 A CN 200680003218A CN 101107429 A CN101107429 A CN 101107429A
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valve
metal foam
press
described valve
rod
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CN101107429B (zh
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U·希恩沙尔
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Maerkisches Werk GmbH
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01L—CYCLICALLY OPERATING VALVES FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES
    • F01L3/00—Lift-valve, i.e. cut-off apparatus with closure members having at least a component of their opening and closing motion perpendicular to the closing faces; Parts or accessories thereof
    • F01L3/02—Selecting particular materials for valve-members or valve-seats; Valve-members or valve-seats composed of two or more materials
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21K—MAKING FORGED OR PRESSED METAL PRODUCTS, e.g. HORSE-SHOES, RIVETS, BOLTS OR WHEELS
    • B21K1/00—Making machine elements
    • B21K1/20—Making machine elements valve parts
    • B21K1/22—Making machine elements valve parts poppet valves, e.g. for internal-combustion engines
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F7/00—Manufacture of composite layers, workpieces, or articles, comprising metallic powder, by sintering the powder, with or without compacting wherein at least one part is obtained by sintering or compression
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23P—METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; COMBINED OPERATIONS; UNIVERSAL MACHINE TOOLS
    • B23P15/00—Making specific metal objects by operations not covered by a single other subclass or a group in this subclass
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23P—METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; COMBINED OPERATIONS; UNIVERSAL MACHINE TOOLS
    • B23P15/00—Making specific metal objects by operations not covered by a single other subclass or a group in this subclass
    • B23P15/001—Making specific metal objects by operations not covered by a single other subclass or a group in this subclass valves or valve housings
    • B23P15/002—Making specific metal objects by operations not covered by a single other subclass or a group in this subclass valves or valve housings poppet valves
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01L—CYCLICALLY OPERATING VALVES FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES
    • F01L3/00—Lift-valve, i.e. cut-off apparatus with closure members having at least a component of their opening and closing motion perpendicular to the closing faces; Parts or accessories thereof
    • F01L3/12—Cooling of valves
    • F01L3/14—Cooling of valves by means of a liquid or solid coolant, e.g. sodium, in a closed chamber in a valve
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F2998/00—Supplementary information concerning processes or compositions relating to powder metallurgy
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T29/00—Metal working
    • Y10T29/49—Method of mechanical manufacture
    • Y10T29/49229—Prime mover or fluid pump making
    • Y10T29/49298—Poppet or I.C. engine valve or valve seat making
    • Y10T29/49307—Composite or hollow valve stem or head making

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Composite Materials (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Lift Valve (AREA)
  • Output Control And Ontrol Of Special Type Engine (AREA)
  • Powder Metallurgy (AREA)

Abstract

本发明涉及一种特别是在内燃机中的气体交换的控制阀，该阀在一根阀杆(1)上一侧具有一个杆端(4)，另一侧具有一个阀头，该阀头和/或阀杆设计成用金属制成的空心件，这些空心件全部或部分地用金属泡沫填充，金属泡沫在其接触面上产生金属分子键合。

Description

特别是在内燃机中的气体交换的控制阀
技术领域
本发明涉及一种按权利要求1前序部分所述的阀。
背景技术
这种阀象德国专利公开说明书DE19804053所述的那样，优先作为轻型结构阀使用。其中阀座和阀塞共同构成一个空腔；这些空心件的壁厚出于重量原因是这样选择的，即壁厚低于阀杆直径的三分之一。为了在这种情况下仍能保证足够的强度，在公知的轻型结构阀中，阀塞在径向向里的区域内支撑到阀杆上，而阀锥则用其上端固定在阀杆的外侧。与空心阀杆和阀锥构成一体的阀比较，这种公知的结构型式可提高阀头的变形刚度。为了也能满足发动机在点火条件下的全部强度要求，这种公知的轻型结构阀必须使用耐高温的昂贵的可淬火的材料。
发明内容
与之比较，本发明的目的是提供这样一种重量轻的阀，该阀可廉价制造并满足快速运转的机器尤指内燃机的相关要求。由于这种高速发动机的高振荡负荷的危险，特别期望达到良好的阻尼性能，同时为了减轻重量，选用最小的壁厚。
这个目的是通过具有权利要求1所述特征的阀来实现的。通过构成阀的空心部件全部或部分地用金属泡沫填充，可产生高的加固作用，这样，构成阀的空心部件的薄壁就变得很坚固。构成阀的空心部件全部面积与金属泡沫金属分子连接，这对获得高的强度值和良好的阻尼性能都具有重要的意义。
作为金属泡沫既可用闭孔的又可用开孔的。闭孔的金属泡沫具有较高的强度，例如在单个泡基本上呈球形时，而开孔的金属泡沫的特别优点则在于注入的冷却剂例如可以是钠基的。
一种合适的方案是，金属泡沫应具有5和20体积百分比之间、优选大约8至10体积百分比作为金属基体。这方面的合适的材料是铝泡沫、锌泡沫、铁泡沫等，其中优选用AlSi7基的金属基体。
为了满足轻质阀的要求，作为金属泡沫的平均密度大约为0.5克/厘米3。在AlSi7泡沫时，这意味着弹性模数约为50千兆帕，强度值为185兆帕。
作为金属泡沫的合适的原材料可这样选用一种粉沫混合物，使膨胀剂在温度作用下产生原材料的大约5倍的泡沫体积。
阀杆和阀头的整个空心体最好完全用金属泡沫填充。为此提出了一种有利的方法：金属泡沫的原材料通过阀杆的敞口端注入，金属泡沫在温度作用下完全填充阀门空腔，且其填充量应能够超出注入端膨胀出来，然后去掉超量的金属泡沫，并用焊接封死注入孔。
金属泡沫可以任意的膨胀方向流动，例如通过阀杆的杆端上的一个孔向阀头方向，或例如在取掉阀塞时通过阀底的一个孔注入膨胀粉末，所以粉末流向封闭的阀杆端。在注入后，粉末在温度作用下发泡，直至粉末按上述方法通过存在的注入孔膨胀出来为止，而温度则选择成能使金属泡沫牢固粘接到阀门空心体的内表面上。
此外，为了节省昂贵的材料，本发明建议构成阀门的金属外壳用多段焊接而成，各段可用相同或不同的材料制成。
一种有利的实施方式是，阀头由一个与阀杆一体的阀锥和一个阀塞组成，它们通过电焊相互连接。其中优选阀杆由一个用Nimonic80A(尼莫尼克镍基合金)制成的、阀头侧的一段和一个用可淬火的材料制成的、包括阀杆端部的端部区段组成，这两段用摩擦焊接相互连接。尽可能短的端部区段则通常用X45CrSi93(见德国工业标准DIN 1.4718)制成。
附图说明
下面结合附图来说明本发明的一个实施例，附图表示一个阀的纵断面。
具体实施方式
附图所示的阀由一根空心阀杆1、一个在其上形成的阀锥2、一个与阀锥2在圆周上用一条焊缝7通过电焊连接的阀塞3以及在阀杆1另一端上的杆端4组成。从图中可以看出，实心的杆端4用一条焊缝5与空心的阀杆1连接，这里用摩擦焊接连接。整个阀腔都用一种金属泡沫体6填充，这样，金属泡沫在其接触面上与阀空心体产生分子键合而构成一体结构。

Claims (13)

1.特别是在内燃机中的气体交换的控制阀，该控制阀在阀杆(1)上一侧具有杆端(4)，另一侧具有阀头，该阀头和/或阀杆为用金属制成的空心件，
其特征为，
这些空心件全部或部分地用金属泡沫填充并与金属泡沫在其接触面上产生金属分子键合。
2.按权利要求1所述的阀，
其特征为，
金属泡沫处理成闭孔式或开孔式。
3.按权利要求1所述的阀，
其特征为，
金属泡沫由介于5和20体积百分比之间的金属基体组成。
4.按权利要求3所述的阀，
其特征为，
金属泡沫由大约8至10体积百分比的金属基体组成。
5.按权利要求1所述的阀，
其特征为，
金属泡沫由AlSi7基的金属基体形成。
6.按权利要求5所述的阀，
其特征为，
金属泡沫的平均密度约为0.5克/厘米3。
7.按权利要求5所述的阀，
其特征为，
作为金属泡沫的原材料选用一种粉末混合物，使膨胀剂在温度作用下产生原材料的大约5倍的泡沫体积。
8.按权利要求1所述的阀，
其特征为，
阀杆(1)和阀头完全用金属泡沫填充。
9.按权利要求1所述的阀，
其特征为，
构成阀的金属外壳用多段焊接而成，各段周相同或不同的材料制成。
10.按权利要求9所述的阀，
其特征为，
阀头由带阀杆(1)的一体的阀锥(2)和阀塞(3)组成，它们通过焊接相互连接。
11.按权利要求9所述的阀，
其特征为，
阀杆(1)由一个用Nimonic80A制成的、阀头侧的一段和一个用可淬火的材料制成的、包括阀杆端的端部区段组成，它们用摩擦焊接相互连接。
12.按权利要求11所述的阀，
其特征为，
该端部区段用X45CrSi93(DIN 1.4718)制成。
13.按权利要求1和/或其他各项从属权利要求所述的阀的制造方法，
其特征为，
金属泡沫的原材料通过阀杆(1)的敞口端注入，金属泡沫在温度作用下完全填充阀空腔，且其填充量能够超出注入端膨胀出来，然后去掉超量的金属泡沫，并用焊接封死注入孔。
CN2006800032186A 2005-02-03 2006-01-20 特别是在内燃机中的气体交换的控制阀 Expired - Fee Related CN101107429B (zh)

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Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE102005005041A DE102005005041A1 (de) 2005-02-03 2005-02-03 Ventil zur Steuerung des Gasaustauschs, insbesondere bei Verbrennungsmotoren
DE102005005041.7 2005-02-03
PCT/EP2006/000485 WO2006081951A1 (de) 2005-02-03 2006-01-20 Ventil zur steuerung des gasaustauschs, insbesondere bei verbrennungsmotoren

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CN101107429A true CN101107429A (zh) 2008-01-16
CN101107429B CN101107429B (zh) 2010-05-19

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US (2) US20080006793A1 (zh)
EP (1) EP1844217B1 (zh)
JP (1) JP2008528873A (zh)
KR (1) KR20070100304A (zh)
CN (1) CN101107429B (zh)
AT (1) ATE439505T1 (zh)
DE (2) DE102005005041A1 (zh)
WO (1) WO2006081951A1 (zh)

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CN111980775A (zh) * 2019-05-23 2020-11-24 马勒国际有限公司 气体交换阀

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CN102652042B (zh) * 2009-12-24 2014-09-17 三菱重工业株式会社 中空发动机阀门的阀伞部的制造方法及中空发动机阀门的阀伞部的冲压装置以及中空发动机阀门
CN111980775A (zh) * 2019-05-23 2020-11-24 马勒国际有限公司 气体交换阀

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EP1844217B1 (de) 2009-08-12
JP2008528873A (ja) 2008-07-31
ATE439505T1 (de) 2009-08-15
KR20070100304A (ko) 2007-10-10
DE502006004508D1 (de) 2009-09-24
EP1844217A1 (de) 2007-10-17
US20090094830A1 (en) 2009-04-16
CN101107429B (zh) 2010-05-19
US20080006793A1 (en) 2008-01-10
DE102005005041A1 (de) 2006-08-10
WO2006081951A1 (de) 2006-08-10

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