CN101090578A - 下行链路资源分配的频道品质测量 - Google Patents

下行链路资源分配的频道品质测量 Download PDF

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CN101090578A
CN101090578A CNA2007101368631A CN200710136863A CN101090578A CN 101090578 A CN101090578 A CN 101090578A CN A2007101368631 A CNA2007101368631 A CN A2007101368631A CN 200710136863 A CN200710136863 A CN 200710136863A CN 101090578 A CN101090578 A CN 101090578A
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indicating device
channel quality
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史蒂芬·E·泰利
史蒂芬·G·迪克
詹姆斯·M·米勒
爱尔戴德·莱尔
艾利拉·莱尔
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Abstract

可以使用CDMA技术的一种无线数字通信系统中，一种获得下行链路资源配置用的频道品质(CQ)测量用的方法及系统，其中一使用者设备(UE)基于由网络提供之一参考频道上的通信持续测量RSCP。该UE藉由建构或轮替持续测量时隙ISCP并报告下行链路CQ。此每一时隙的RSCP/ISCP功能，或可能报告该RSCP/ISCP比例的某些功能，例如所有时隙的调变参数或组合编码。

Description

下行链路资源分配的频道品质测量
本发明专利申请是国际申请号为PCT/US02/15242，国际申请日为2002年5月14日，进入中国国家阶段的申请号为02809799.8，名称为“下行链路资源分配的频道品质测量”的发明专利申请的分案申请。
技术领域
本发明关于无线数字通信系统，尤其是关使用分码多任务存取(CDMA)利用测量技术以有效率地决定下行链路资源分配的通信站。
背景技术
在现代的通信系统中，当通信流量的组成已经从主要的语音流量切换至持续增加的资料流量的共享，例如互联网的应用，此种系统的容量需求已经增加。因此，很希望能够提供使下行链路(downlink，DL)传输容量最大化的技术。
在传输器与接收器之间的传播损失不是固定或不变。除了距离上的传播损失，由于在传输器与接收器之间的路径以及路径间的交互作用的阻碍(或多路径，multiple path)造成变化。这些变化被称为衰减(fading)。此外，衰减随时间而变化。
在一些通信系统中，习惯在每一时刻传输给一特定使用者，或是多个使用者中之数个使用者，其于该时间享用最佳的传输情况。在这样的系统中，需要定义可以让使用者不时评估的频道品质，以便在最适当的时刻传输给每一使用者。虽然从衰减观点看来，最适当的时刻的选择不是强制的，瞬时的路径损失将是选择中被考虑的因素之一。
频道品质的一种测量是瞬时路径损失。频道品质随着瞬时路径损失的降低而改善，且当瞬时路径损失为最小时频道品质最好。
另一种频道品质的测量是使用者所见的干扰，因为较高的干扰通常需要较高的传输功率。当传输功率被限制时，其产生系统容量的降低。频道品质(channelquality，CQ)因此可被定义为一固定电平基站传输的接收功率对接收的干扰的比例。此比例与使用者资料用的基站所需的传输功率成反比。此比例的最大化，藉由持续选择CQ最高的使用者(起且因此路径损失及/或干扰为最低)，在任何时刻，整体倾向于随时间增加系统容量。
用以决定路径损失并计算此比例的特定讯号不是重要的。例如，此讯号可能是任何响导讯号(pilot signal)，信标(beacon)，或甚至是在固定或已知功率传输的资料承载讯号。在某些系统中，接收功率是最终接收讯号码功率(termed received signalcode power，RSCP)，而接收干扰功率为最终干扰讯号码功率(termed interferencesignal code power，ISCP)。例如，在通用移动电信通信系统(UMTS)分频双工(FDD)标准中，共同响导频道被测量(CPiCH)，而CQ被定义为CPiCH_RSCP/ISCP。在UMTS分时双工(TDD)标准中，信标频道(PCCPCH)被测量且CQ被定义为PCCPCH_RSCP/ISCP。因为频道情况变化快速，为每一传输最好是使用短时间的配置，(亦即小的时隙(time slot))。配置用的测量信息因此必须是实时的。
在某些通信系统中，习惯以时间分离给使用者的传输，或在时间上分离使用者选择传输的一种型态与传输的另一种型态，例如正常语音服务或资料服务。此种时间的区分可以不同的方式获得。例如，一反复的框(frame)可被分割为多个时隙。每一时隙可以在一个时间被配置给一或更多使用者。此外，数个时隙，相邻或不相邻，可以被配置给一或更多使用者。如果一或更多时隙的收集被配置在一起，其可视为一子频道。
在分时传输中，很可能所有时隙或子时隙内的干扰不相等。所有时隙的一讯号值通常产生非适当的配置，且某些时隙内的信息可能遗失。因此希望报告每一时隙的个别测量。
发明内容
本发明提供实时的CQ测量以及适当地发出信息讯号至基站。本发明提供数个实施例以为每一时隙或子频道测量并发出CQ讯号，从UE至基站。测量可以为所有相关的时隙或子频道在高速率进行，或可以藉由选择降低执行此种测量的速率在一较低的速率执行。
为进一步说明本发明的上述目的、结构特点和效果，以下将结合附图对本发明进行详细的描述。
附图说明
图1是UMTS架构的简要方块图。
图2为实施本发明下行链路资源分配用的频道品质测量的一UE及一基站的简要方块图。
图3是在UE执行本发明下行链路资源配置用的频道品质测量并回报该些测量至基站的一较佳方法的流程图。
具体实施方式
参照图1，UMTS网络架构包括一核网络(CN)，一UMTS陆地射频存取网络(UTRAN)，以及一使用者设备(UE)。二个一般接口为Iu接口，位于UTRAN与核网络之间，以及射频接口Uu，位于WTRAN与UE之间。此WTRAN包括数个射频网络子系统(RNS)，其可由一Iur接口互相连接。此互相连接允许不同RNS之间的独立程序。因此，射频存取技术指定功能可以被维持在核网络之外。此RNS进一步被分为射频网络控制器(RNC)及数个基站(点Bs)。此等点Bs被藉由一Iub接口连接至RNC。一点B可服务一或多个胞元(cell)，且通常服务多个UEs。WTRAN支持射频接口上FDD模式及TDD模式二者。此二种模式使用相同的网络架构及相同的协议。
参照图2的方块图，其表示执行依据本发明原理获得下行链路资源配置用的CQ测量程序用的一较佳通信系统10的方块图。通信系统10包括一UE12以及一基站/点B30，(以下称为基站30)，其经由一无线射频接口14被连接在一起。
UE12包括一天线16，一功率测量装置22，一时隙干扰测量装置24，一CQ传输器26以及一CQ决定装置28。天线16经由隔离器/开关18耦合至匹配滤波器20，其接收下行链接讯号并提供一输出至功率测量装置22。参考频道码产生器21产生一参考频道码，其被输入匹配滤波器20。功率测量装置22分析匹配滤波器20的输出以决定下行链接讯号的功率电平并输出此功率电平至CQ决定装置28。
隔离器/开关18进一步被耦合至时隙干扰测量装置24，其测量下行链路频道并提供一输出至CQ决定装置28的第二输入。CQ决定装置28分析来自功率测量装置22的功率电平输出及来自时隙干扰测量装置24的时隙干扰并提供一CQ测量给传输器26。传输器26经由隔离器/开关18耦合至天线16用以经由无线射频接口14至基站30的无线RF传输。
基站30包括一参考频道传输器36，一隔离器或开关34，一CQ接收器38以及一CQ储存装置40。天线32接收来自UE的无线RF传输，包括经过无线射频接口14的CQ测量，并经由该隔离器/开关34耦合至被接收讯号及频道品质接收器38。被接收的CQ测量随后被储存在CQ储存装置40。参考频道传输器36提供一参考讯号，其于下行链路中经由隔离器/开关34及天线32被传输至UE12。来自传输器36的参考下行链路讯号被UE 12使用以产生下行链路CQ测量。
应注意的是依据本发明于图3所示的前述较佳方法50可以由不同于图1及2所示的通信系统执行，且本发明并不受其限制。
参照图3，方法50可以藉由如同参照图1及2所解释的数字通信系统10而被实施，包括与基站30通信的一UE12。
每一时隙或子频道的快速品质评估市本发明所使用的较佳的CQ测量用的技术，以提供下行链路(DL)配置用的最佳性能，因为基站30将具有选择调变及编码，选择最佳的一位或多位使用者并将最好的时隙或子频道配置给他们所需的所有信息。虽然本发明可应用于分频双工及分时双工二种标准，此处仅以一种为例。在FDD标准中，例如，共同响导频道(CPICH)可被测量并由每一时隙或子频道干扰讯号码功率测量(ISCP)所分割，其于所有相关时隙内执行。在TDD标准中，实体共同响导频道(PCCPCH)为可被测量的频道之例。
基站30在PCCPCH上，以下称为参考频道，传输一固定电平的传输(步骤52)，例如一响导信标或一资料承载讯号。应该了解的是，参考频道可以是固定电平(或已知)的任何型态，基站传输，不管是一控制频道或一数据频道。只需要在测量的时间使参考频道功率为UE 12所知。UE 12测量被接收讯号码功率(RSCP)(步骤54)。UE 12随后测量ISCP(步骤56)。此RSCP及/或ISCP可以持续被测量，(亦即位每一框及时隙)，或如以下讨论的以较少频率为基础。
有许多可实施步骤56及54的不同实施例。在第一实施例中，UE 12以特定识别次序测量特定识别时隙内的ISCP及/或RSCP。在第二实施例中，UE 12于预定次序或随机次序中测量所有时隙内的ISCP及/或RSCP。在第三实施例中，UE 12以随机识别次序测量随机识别时隙内的ISCP及/或RSCP。在第四实施例中UE12轮替时隙的测量。例如第一框的时隙1-4中的ISCP及/或RSCP被测量，随后后续框的时隙5-8被测量，接着后续框的时隙9-12等等。藉由使用此本质上的弹性，依据本发明的方法50可以适用于系统操作者及特定应用的特定需求。
如以上所讨论，需要使路径损失及干扰在相同速率使用相同的时间方式被测量。因此，ISCP的测量频率可以小于RSCP。例如，ISCP可以依据表一的第四种方式被测量，而RSCP可以依据表一的第二种方式被测量。
表一综合说明UE测量的不同实施例。但是应该说明的是，时隙及/或时隙次序的预定及动态选择可以在不脱离本发明精神及范围的情况下被使用。
表一
    实施方式     UE测量
    第一种     在特定次序于特定时隙内测量
    第二种     在所有的时隙以预定或随机次序测量
    第三种     在随机识别的时隙以随机的次序测量
    第四种     在不同时隙内轮替
回到图3，不管被选择及测量的时隙或槽次序，UE 12在步骤58决定来自测量的下行链路CQ并报告此下行链路CQ至基站30。此CQ测量可以包括独立传输ISCP(从步骤56)及RSCP(从步骤54)，传输由UE 12所计算的ISCP/RSCP比例，或可以包括将于以下被解释细节的一个或多个其它实施例。
由UE 12在步骤58产生及传输的下行链路CQ测量由基站30在步骤60接收，并且在步骤62被分析以决定后续对UE 12的传输所用的动作需求，考虑到行链路CQ测量。
UE 12收集及传输此测量资料的方式通常是被提供资料的数量与传输该被测量资料回基站30所需的费用之间的平衡取舍。例如，每一被选择时隙的ISCP及RSCP二者用的所有数据传输的测量提供最多的信息。但是，缺点在于需要被传输的资料的大数量及用以传输该等资料所需的费用。
本发明的目标在于回复实时及正确的CQ信息并提供下行链路频道使用的适当的调变及编码。就其本身而论，有许多不同的实施例可让UE 12测量及传输此信息至基站30。表二表示传输RSCP及ISCP至基站30的不同方式。
表二
    实施方式    UE传输的信息
    1    每一时隙之ISCP
    2    每一框之RSCP以及每一特定时隙的ISCP
    3    每一特定时隙的RSCP/ISCP比例
    4    每一特定时隙的一“编码的”时隙
    5    每一特定时隙的软码元(soft symbol)
    6    每一时隙的调变编码集合(MCS)的一可用集合或电平的一指示
    7    所有时隙之一组合的编码
    8    所有时隙的CQ平均(亦即4-5位)以及与每一时隙平均(亦即，1或2位)的差异
    9    做为一参考的一预定或识别时隙或子频道的真实测量值，随后传输剩下时隙与参考时隙之间的差异
此9个实施方式通常在要求位的最大数目至要求位的最小数目的次序以传输来自UE 12的行链路CQ信息至基站30。应该了解的是此表并非包括全部且本发明不应受限于表一列举的特定实施方式。
在方式1中，UE12传输每一时隙的RSCP及ISCP至基站30。
在方式2中，UE12传输于每一框传输RSCP一次，并且传输每一特定时隙的ISCP至基站30。
在方式3中，UE12传输每一指定时隙的RSCP/ISCP比例至基站30。
在方式4中，UE12编码并传输每一指定时隙的RSCP/ISCP比例至基站30。比例的编码降低传输信息所需的位数目。
在方式5中，UE12传输数目软码元错误，由UE12所检测，至基站30。软码元错误是本领域的技术人员所已知的一种做为下行链路CQ的指示。
在方式6中，UE12从RSCP及ISCP测量中选择可用的调变编码集合(MCS)，并传输此选择至基站，基站30用其进行传输。通常有对UE的预定数目的可用MCSs，例如8个此种集合。
在方式7中，UE12组合所有时隙的CQ信息的编码。分别编码所有时隙及子频道的共同及差异品质产生传输位的节省。
在方式8中，UE12测量并传输所有时隙的CQs的平均，其使用大数量的位而被编码，且随后使用具有较小位数目的编码值传输每一剩下时隙与平均值的差异。举例而言，4或5位可被用以识别时隙的平均值，而每一时隙或子频道与平均值的差异仅需要1或2位。
在方式9中，时隙或子频道中的一者被指定为一参考点。此时隙的CQ测量被传输，且随后对于剩下的时隙仅需传输参考该参考点时的差异信息。在类似第8个方式中，此参考时隙可以是4或5位，而剩下时隙与参考点的差异可以是1或2位。
为了降低功率需求以及测量及处理用所需的实施的复杂度，希望使测亮的数目及处理的量为最小。在UE 12必须在来自基站30的未决定的信息需求的所有时间执行测量，这可能增加UE 12的测量负担，如果时隙或子频道的数目很大。在干扰的改变速率与衰减不同的情况下，时隙测量可以于某些时隙的最近干扰测量是可用的，而其它时隙使用较旧的信息的方式轮替。
藉由降低被测量时隙的数目，可以实质上降低复杂度。将被测量的时隙的大数量造成经常的测量报告及高复杂度。较小数目的时隙造成较低复杂度但导致性能上的某些退化的较少频率的测量报告。依据特定应用的需求及/或参考可以适合妥协。
虽然本发明已藉由参照较佳实施例而被详细说明，此等细节是一种启发而非限制。熟悉本领域的技术人员可以了解的是在不脱离如此处所揭示的教示的本发明的精神及范围之下可以对操作的结构及模式进行修改。

Claims (5)

1.一种提供使用码分多址(CDMA)技术的一无线数字通信系统中的至少一使用者设备(UE)与一基站之间下行链路资源配置用的一频道品质(CQ)指示器的方法，该方法包括下列步骤：
于该UE处测量一频道品质；
根据所测量的频道品质决定一调变格式；
将一CQ指示器从该UE传输至该基站，该CQ指示器包括所决定的调变格式；
该基站接收该CQ指示器；
该基站更新调变设定，以根据所接收的CQ指示器传输至该UE。
2.如权利要求1所述的方法，其中所测量的频道品质是根据相关下行链路时槽中的所接收的信号码功率及干扰信号码功率测量。
3.如权利要求1所述的方法，其中该调变设定是预定且固定的。
4.一种提供使用码分多址(CDMA)技术的一无线数字通信系统中的至少一使用者设备(UE)与一基站之间下行链路资源配置用的一频道品质(CQ)指示器的方法，该方法包括下列步骤：
于该UE处测量一接收信号码功率(RSCP)；
于该UE处测量一干扰信号码功率(ISCP)；
于该UE处选择至少一下行链路调变设定，该至少一下行链路调变设定可根据所测量的RSCP及ISCP而被支持；
根据所选择的调变设定决定一CQ指示器；
将该CQ指示器从该UE传输至该基站；
该基站接收该CQ指示器；及
该基站更新该调变设定，以根据所接收的CQ指示器传输至该UE。
5.如权利要求4所述的方法，其中该调变设定是预定且固定的。
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