CN101080312A - 将塑料制成的管状件连接到塑料制成的燃料箱的注入口的方法 - Google Patents

将塑料制成的管状件连接到塑料制成的燃料箱的注入口的方法 Download PDF

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CN101080312A
CN101080312A CNA2005800432733A CN200580043273A CN101080312A CN 101080312 A CN101080312 A CN 101080312A CN A2005800432733 A CNA2005800432733 A CN A2005800432733A CN 200580043273 A CN200580043273 A CN 200580043273A CN 101080312 A CN101080312 A CN 101080312A
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inlet
aforementioned
parts
fuel tank
piece
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芭芭拉·马贝德
比约恩·克里埃尔
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Plastic Omnium Advanced Innovation and Research SA
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Inergy Automotive Systems Research SA
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C65/00—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C65/02—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure
    • B29C65/34—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using heated elements which remain in the joint, e.g. "verlorenes Schweisselement"
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
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    • B29C65/00—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C65/02—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure
    • B29C65/18—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using heated tools
    • B29C65/20—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using heated tools with direct contact, e.g. using "mirror"
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B29C51/00—Shaping by thermoforming, i.e. shaping sheets or sheet like preforms after heating, e.g. shaping sheets in matched moulds or by deep-drawing; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C51/26—Component parts, details or accessories; Auxiliary operations
    • B29C51/30—Moulds
    • B29C51/34—Moulds for undercut articles
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
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    • B29C65/00—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C65/02—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure
    • B29C65/34—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using heated elements which remain in the joint, e.g. "verlorenes Schweisselement"
    • B29C65/3404—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using heated elements which remain in the joint, e.g. "verlorenes Schweisselement" characterised by the type of heated elements which remain in the joint
    • B29C65/342—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using heated elements which remain in the joint, e.g. "verlorenes Schweisselement" characterised by the type of heated elements which remain in the joint comprising at least a single wire, e.g. in the form of a winding
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    • B29C66/52—Joining tubular articles, bars or profiled elements
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
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    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/50—General aspects of joining tubular articles; General aspects of joining long products, i.e. bars or profiled elements; General aspects of joining single elements to tubular articles, hollow articles or bars; General aspects of joining several hollow-preforms to form hollow or tubular articles
    • B29C66/51—Joining tubular articles, profiled elements or bars; Joining single elements to tubular articles, hollow articles or bars; Joining several hollow-preforms to form hollow or tubular articles
    • B29C66/54—Joining several hollow-preforms, e.g. half-shells, to form hollow articles, e.g. for making balls, containers; Joining several hollow-preforms, e.g. half-cylinders, to form tubular articles
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
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    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
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    • B29C66/72—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the structure of the material of the parts to be joined
    • B29C66/723—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the structure of the material of the parts to be joined being multi-layered
    • B29C66/7232—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the structure of the material of the parts to be joined being multi-layered comprising a non-plastics layer
    • B29C66/72321—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the structure of the material of the parts to be joined being multi-layered comprising a non-plastics layer consisting of metals or their alloys
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    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
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    • B29C66/70—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material
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    • B29C66/7234—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the structure of the material of the parts to be joined being multi-layered comprising a barrier layer
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    • B29C66/50—General aspects of joining tubular articles; General aspects of joining long products, i.e. bars or profiled elements; General aspects of joining single elements to tubular articles, hollow articles or bars; General aspects of joining several hollow-preforms to form hollow or tubular articles
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Abstract

本发明提供一种用于将塑料制成的管状件(2)连接到塑料制成的燃料箱的注入口(1)的方法，该方法通过利用可由电阻效应进行加热的电阻元件(3)的焊接来实现，其特征在于：以这样一种方式选择将要连接的两个部件的形状和尺寸，即它们之中任一个的一个表面与另一部分的相应表面相互吻合；将电阻元件(3)结合至该两个表面中的一个上；使两个表面产生接触；使电流以某一强度流过电阻元件，该电流可以将其加热到足够高的温度，以便熔化形成该两表面的塑料并将它们焊接在一起，管状件和注入口均包含阻隔层(4)并且以这样一种方式被焊接，即两个接触表面是同轴的且该区域内的阻隔层是平行的。

Description

将塑料制成的管状件连接到塑料制成的燃料箱的注入口的方法
本发明涉及一种将塑料制成的管状件连接到塑料制成的燃料箱的注入口(或颈状部)的方法、以及一种可利用该方法获得的燃料箱。
各种车辆上所载的燃料箱通常都必须达到与其设计相关的使用类型的不透性和渗透性标准，并且达到其必须满足的环境方面的要求。无论在欧洲还是在整个世界，通常我们正在显著地加强关于限制向大气以及整个环境中排放污染物的要求。因此，燃料箱的设计正朝向能更好地保证在不同使用条件下的不透性和安全性的技术迅速发展。而且，已经有人尝试减小由管道和与燃料箱相关的各种配件产生的损失。例如，管道尤其是注入管(注油管)至燃料箱的连接可能产生渗透性问题。为了减少这些问题，已经提出了不同的解决方法，其中大多都涉及到将所述管道焊接到中间件上，或焊接到优选地与燃料箱一体地制成的注入口(或颈状部)上。
因此，美国专利申请US2003/0168853公开了使用插入在管道与上述注入口之间的带有电阻元件(加热细丝)的中间连接件(intermediate coupling)，将塑料管道，尤其是注入管装配在同样是由塑料制成的燃料箱上。在这样的连接系统中，三个部件是装配在一起的，因此有两个焊接界面需要控制。现在，在由加热细丝产生的焊接中，不同部件之间的距离的恒定性决定焊接(其中，压力是由材料的膨胀产生的)的成功，因此，在三部件的系统中，任何公差有关的缺陷都会相互结合。而且，当待连接的两个部件包含阻隔层(隔离层，barrierlayer)时，该技术的缺点在于扩大了该两阻隔层之间的渗透通道。
法国申请FR2843861公开了如何将加热细丝直接结合到与燃料箱管道装配的功能部件中。但是，该文献限定于经过表面处理(氟化作用)的燃料箱，其中所说明的装配模式导致不可忽略的泄漏通道。
本发明旨在通过提出一种可用于具有阻隔层的部件的装配方法来解决这些问题，该方法省略了中间连接件(通过将电阻元件直接地缠绕于待连接的部件中的一个上)，且该方法获得的装配具有更短的泄漏通道。
为此，本发明涉及一种通过利用可由电阻效应加热的电阻元件进行焊接而将由塑料制成的管状件连接到同样由塑料制成的燃料箱的注入口(或颈状部)的方法，其特征在于，
·以这样一种方式对待连接的两个部件的形状和尺寸进行选择，即它们中任一个的一个表面与另一部件的相应表面相互吻合；
·将电阻元件结合到该两个表面中的一个中；
·使两个表面产生接触；
·使电流以某一强度流过电阻元件，该电流可以将其加热到足够高的温度，以便熔化制成该两表面的塑料并将它们焊接在一起，
管状件和注入口均包含阻隔层并且以这样一种方式被焊接，即两接触表面同轴且该区域内的各阻隔层平行。
术语“燃料箱”用于表示可在不同的以及变化的环境和使用条件下存储燃料的密封中空体。这种燃料箱的一个实例是安装到机动车辆上的燃料箱。
在根据本发明的方法中，燃料箱是塑料制成的。
术语“塑料”用于表示包含至少一种合成树脂聚合物的任何材料。
所有种类的塑料都可以是合适的。尤其合适的塑料来自热塑性塑料种类。
术语“热塑性塑料”表示任何热塑性聚合物，包括热塑性弹性体及其混合物。术语“聚合物”表示均聚物和共聚物(尤其是二元或三元共聚物)。这种共聚物的实例有，但不限于，无规共聚物、线型嵌段共聚物、其它嵌段共聚物以及接枝共聚物。
其熔点低于其分解温度的任何种类的热塑性聚合物或共聚物是合适的。具有熔点范围(熔程)跨度至少10℃的合成热塑性塑料是尤其合适的。这样的材料的实例包括在其分子量上表现为多分散性的那些材料。
尤其，可使用聚烯烃、热塑性聚酯、聚酮、聚酰胺及其共聚物。也可以使用聚合物或共聚物的混合物，比如可以使用聚合物材料与无机的、有机的、和/或天然的填料的混合物，该填料例如有，但不限于，炭(碳)、盐类、以及其他无机衍生物、天然纤维或者聚合纤维。也可以使用由粘合在一起的层叠的层组成的多层结构，该多层结构包括至少一种上述的聚合物或共聚物。
经常使用的一种聚合物是聚乙烯。用高密度聚乙烯(HDPE)作为燃料箱的主要组分已经获得优异的结果。
根据本发明，该燃料箱还包括至少一层对液体和/或气体形成阻隔的材料。优选地，以这样一种方式对阻隔层的性能和厚度进行选择，即尽可能限制与燃料箱的内表面接触的液体或气体的透过性。阻隔层可以是金属的、聚合物的或任何其它的阻隔材料。优选地，该层是聚合物(树脂)层，且最优选地，该层是基于一种阻隔树脂，即一种不透过燃料的树脂，例如，EVOH(乙烯与部分水解的乙酸乙烯酯的共聚物)。可替换地，作为另一优选具体实施方式，该层可以是基于一种普通树脂(例如，非阻隔树脂，如HDPE)，其含有对所述树脂赋予阻隔性能的添加剂。这种添加剂的一个实例是纳米尺寸的颗粒(例如粘土)。
因此，在本发明的一个优选具体实施方式中，塑料包含HDPE(高密度聚乙烯)，阻隔层基于EVOH或HDPE纳米组合物，HDPE纳米组合物即基于HDPE且包含纳米尺寸添加剂的组合物。
应用根据本发明的方法的燃料箱可以是用任何已知方法制成的，例如用热成型或吹塑。通常，燃料箱是通过型坯的吹塑或两个薄片的热成型而制成。在将纳米组合物用作阻隔层的情况下，也可使用共注塑。
“型坯”可以理解为是指预成型坯，通常是挤塑(挤压)的，用于在其被吹成所需的形状和大小之后形成燃料箱的壁。该预成型坯不一定需要如使用挤塑的管状型坯的“传统的”吹塑法中那样被制成单件。因此，优选地，实际上型坯由两个单独的部件组成，例如，其可以是两个薄片。但是，尤其优选的是，这些部件通过如以本申请人公司的名义提出的申请EP1110697中描述的挤塑的管状型坯相同的型坯切割形成，因此将该申请的内容结合到本申请中以供参考。根据该变形例，一旦单个型坯被挤塑，立即沿整个长度、沿直径方向上相对的两条线切割该型坯，以便获得两个单独的部件(薄片)。通过对厚度保持不变的两个分别挤塑的薄片的模塑进行比较，该方法可以使用变化的厚度的(也就是说，其中的厚度是沿其长度方向是变化的)型坯，通过使用适当的挤塑装置(通常是安装有冲模的挤塑机，挤塑机的冲压位置可调)获得。由于非恒定的速度下材料在模型中发生变形，所以这样的型坯需要考虑到在吹塑操作中在型坯上的某些部分会发生厚度减小的情况。
在本发明的上下文中，术语“注入口(或颈状部，neck)”实际上用于表示基本上是管状的任何部件，其或者直接与燃料箱整合成一体(优选为整体地模塑而成的)，或者连接(安装)于后者。在第一个实例(整合的部件)中，注入口(或颈状部)通常是连接型的相对较短的部件。在第二个实例(连接的部件)中，其可以是较长的部件，例如注入管。
因此，优选地，在第一实例中，无论使用什么模塑方法，管道所连接的注入口可在制造燃料箱时被制成与燃料箱一体。根据一个尤其优选的变形例，使型坯(在吹塑的情况下)或薄片(在热成型的情况下)局部变形，以便通过压制来将该注入口模塑成型。通过使用后文所述的装置可以容易地实现该变形，该装置是以本申请者公司的名义提出的另一申请的一部分。
该装置包括有型芯和模具，这两个经装配的部件中，其中之一具有凹形的凹陷形状(concave counter form)，而另一个具有可穿过该凹陷形状的移动构件，以便模塑形成注入口(或颈状部)。
优选地，这两个构件具有的形状和尺寸适合用于将注入口压制成型且可防止其端部(其本身在材料流动效应下具有变薄的趋势)的厚度降低。最终，为了在取出移动部件时能够在注入口周围进行局部压制，优选将其固定于安装有至少一个弹簧的支撑件。优选该支撑件具有的形状、尺寸和位置使得当取出移动部件时，支撑件通过所述弹簧在注入口周围推挤型坯，以便在该区域内保持局部压力。该压制的强度和持续时间取决于弹簧的规格。
优选根据本发明的变形例的燃料箱注入口是凹的注入口(也就是说，在燃料箱的体积内部延伸的注入口与在该区域中的箱壁成大致直角)。后文所述的方法(其中，注入口是在制造燃料箱时压制成型的)尤其适合于制造凹的注入口。优选地，凹的注入口是大致圆柱形的且有入口锥(inlet cone)，也就是说，在燃料箱表面与圆柱形注入口之间的过渡被倒圆。优选地，该倒圆结构具有至少5mm，或甚至10mm的半径(定义为将注入口连接到燃料箱的面的曲率半径)。但是，该半径优选不超过20mm。如果在所处车辆中有空间则该半径可以更大，因为这样可以改善抗冲击性。这种入口锥的存在可以使部件的装配变得容易且可以降低形成应力集中源的风险。
连接于注入口的管状件可以是包含阻隔层的任何管状件。优选地，在“连接(coupling)”型的注入口的情况中，燃料箱注入管与燃料箱分别地模塑，通常燃料箱注入管是具有相对复杂的几何形状的部件。而且，当注入口是连接的部件时，管状件可以例如包括安装在该部件上的头部。因此，根据本发明的方法例如既适合于将燃料箱注入管安装到结合在所述燃料箱上的连接部(注入口)上，又适合于将管道的头部安装到注入管上。因此，本发明尤其适合于或者注入口或者管状件是燃料箱注入管的情况。
为了使这些部件(注入口和管状件)可以直接地相互焊接，对于它们来说基于至少在熔化状态下相容的材料是很重要的。尤其特别优选的是，注入口和管状件基于相同的塑料。
至少在其相互连接的区域内，注入口和管状件通常具有大致圆柱形状(直柱)。这就是说，其侧面是大致圆柱形(母线与其轴线平行)，而不是渐缩的。但是，据证实是有利的是，对这两个部件之一的一个表面的至少一部分设置成锥状渐缩(conical taper)以便于安装。还证实是有利的是，对注入口和/或管道配置一个特定突出部(突起，relief)，使它们更加容易地装配(或组装功能部件：见后文)。
根据本发明，在焊接区域中，焊接可通过电阻元件(也就是当流过电流时通过电阻效应进行加热且可加热到足以熔化塑料并产生焊接的元件)来完成，该元件结合在需要连接的部件中的至少一个上。通常，该元件是金属细丝。
该金属细丝通常由直径范围在0.1至0.5mm的铜制成。
可选地，电阻元件可以是(任何形状的)金属件，其在部件的制造过程中再模塑(over mould)而成，或通过沉积(表面处理)施加在至少一个部件的表面上。该电阻元件还可以是包含导电性添加剂的树脂组合物，例如，该组合物可以作为额外的层而添加到部件上。该组合物也可以是纳米尺寸的。
在金属细丝的情况下，其安装通常是通过预先在部件中机械加工出凹槽，然后通过利用电流加热细丝以便促使其至少部分地插入到该部件中来进行的。该插入用于在焊接作业的过程中保持金属细丝处于适当的位置。凹槽优选具有双螺旋的形状，用以有利于将细丝的两端连接到电源上。金属细丝的横截面和绕组之间的间距取决于材料的性能和待焊接的部件(在该焊接位置上)的厚度。凹槽的深度取决于金属细丝的横截面。无论如何该深度都不可以对将要安装的部件的阻隔层产生不利的影响。
电阻元件既可以结合于注入口，也可以结合于管状件。鉴于各种原因优选后一变形例。电阻元件也可以设置在两个部件中。
首先，在金属细丝的情况下，在该部件上比在注入口上更容易进行前述的机械加工作业，尤其是当注入口被结合在燃料箱中的时候。为了进行该作业，对于部件而言，例如，要求被设置在心轴上并与适当的刀具接触地旋转，以便可机械加工凹槽。该作业完成之后可以直接将加热的细丝缠绕(优选以双螺旋方式，即首先从上到下然后从下到上)到部件的用于连接的一端上。
然后，给管道配置电阻元件和将其适当地插入注入口均可(通过部件和电阻元件的合适布局)使在焊接时将功能元件结合到注入口与管状件之间的连接部成为可能。假设连接于燃料箱的管道的端部包括阀(通常为单向阀)，根据本发明的该变形例的功能元件优选为阀。当管状件是注入管时，该阀可以是ICV(内单向阀)。其可以是本领域技术人员所知的任何类型，且可以(为了实现其单向功能)包括：诸如球体、密封件或具有适当形状的隔膜的活动构件，它们通常不是基于相同材料(球体可由金属制成，而密封件由弹性体制成，等)。
根据本发明的该变形例的功能元件优选基于与需要组装的部件相同的塑料(或相容的材料)。因此，该功能元件可以(通过电阻元件或利用独立的焊接)至少部分地焊接到其上。无论其是由什么材料制成，该元件也可以简单地插入到需要安装的部件中的至少一个上。但是，将其整合优选的是仍需注意确保功能元件没有插入在两个接触表面之间，因为不扩大该区域中的阻隔层之间的距离是尤为重要的。这是因为功能元件通常(至少就它们的表层外壳或覆盖物而言)是通过注塑成型为一个单独的塑料体，因此通常没有阻隔层。因此，在注入口和/或管道上使用突出部(基本上垂直于这些圆柱形部件的肘弯、凸缘或圆形件)有时使得安装部件变得更容易。在注入口的情况下，这种突出部可容易地利用上述方法(注入口的压制成型)模塑形成。
根据本发明，待连接的部件需要具有可使它们各自的表面可以与另一个部件的相应表面相互吻合(或相互对应，brought upagainst)的形状和大小，当然这是指在焊接区域中。短语“相互吻合(brought up against)”可以理解为定位得尽可能接近允许制造公差。因此，如上所述压制成型的注入口的情况下，它的一个优点在于其壁具有基本上稳定的厚度使得可获得特别均匀且可重复焊接。
涉及的部分通常是这两个部件的各自内部和外部侧面的至少一部分(反之亦然)。在其注入口为凹的注入口的优选方案中，需要连接至此的是部分注入口内部侧面和部分管状件的外侧面。很显然的是，需要使这两个部件能够产生接触从而使其中一个部件可被插入到另一部件中。因此，优选地，将部件上的公差范围设计得较窄。因此，根据本发明方法模塑形成的注入口的精确尺寸(尤其窄小的公差范围)使其非常适合于采用该焊接方法，且能够可重复地获得尤其均匀的焊接。出于相同的原因，应该采取步骤以便确保电阻元件不会从侧面过度地突出。因此，例如，如果以十分之几mm级突出，则根据本发明的方法可以获得较好的结果。
一旦部件已经发生接触，则焊接就通过使适当强度电流流经电阻元件中而进行。
主要焊接参数有电压、电流和所用的焊接时间、需要焊接的部件之间的距离、以及尤其是该距离的恒定性。最后一项参数最为关键重要，因为它决定了前文所述的焊接的质量。因此，优选制造具有直径的公差在十分之一mm级的部件，以便可以保证良好的焊接。
根据本发明的方法，在焊接区域内的两个阻隔层之间的距离优选至多为5mm，或者甚至至多为4mm，并且尤其优选至多为3mm，这是为了使泄漏通道尽可能窄。
优选，焊接长度(也就是说，在圆柱形部件之间的焊接“带”的平均宽度)为至少10mm，或甚至至少15mm，并且尤其优选至少20mm，这是为了将泄漏通道的长度最大化并确保牢固的焊接。
通过图1到图6对本发明进行说明，但本发明不限于此。
在这些附图中，用相同的符号标记相同的部件，即，
1＝安装有注入口的燃料箱
2＝注入管
3＝加热细丝
4＝阻隔层
5＝焊接连接件
6＝ICV
图1示出了安装有整合的注入口的燃料箱(1)的壁，注入管(2)通过利用加热细丝(3)进行焊接从而被连接到注入口上。燃料箱(1)和管道(2)均包括有一个阻隔层(4)，且这两个阻隔层在焊接区域内相互平行(同轴)。这两个层之间的距离形成了通常所述的泄漏通道(或渗透通道)。可以看出，与可使无阻隔层的中间连接器置于该两个部件之间的泄漏通道相比，以及，与使得用于安装的部件不呈现出阻隔层的共轴性的泄漏通道相比，该泄漏通道都较短。
图2示出加热细丝(3)缠绕在管道(2)上的一个实施例。该缠绕为双螺旋缠绕，且可以看出双螺旋的两端靠近在一起，使它们可以容易地连接到电源(只通过电源电极的符号表示)并且通过电阻效应有效地加热细丝，以便产生焊接。
图3示出的部件的装配是结合了根据现有技术制造的ICV的装配，如下：
·将阀(6)插入到燃料箱(1)的注入口中；
·将包括加热细丝(3)的焊接连接件(5)插在顶部上方；
·将管道(2)插入到连接件(5)中；
·通过使电流流过加热细丝(3)将部件(1)、(2)、(6)焊接到连接件(5)。
在这种类型的装配中，由于无阻隔层的焊接连接件的存在，阻隔层(4)之间的距离增大。因此泄漏通道在此处产生。
另一方面，图4至图6示出了根据本发明的结合了阀的装配变形例。这些变形例具有的共同点在于将加热细丝结合至注入管且注入口包含有一种内凸缘(因为这些都是平行于管道(2)的轴线的剖面，所以在图中描述为肘弯)。
对图4中所示的部件进行如下装配：
·将配置有加热细丝(3)的管道(2)插入到燃料箱(1)的注入口中；
·将阀(6)插入到管道(2)中；
·通过使电流流过加热细丝(3)来焊接部件(1)、(2)、(6)。
对图5中所示的部件进行如下装配：
·将具有凸缘(图中为肘弯)的阀(6)插入到燃料箱(1)的注入口中；
·将配置有加热元件(3)的管道(2)插入到燃料箱(1)的注入口中且在阀(6)顶部的上方；
·通过使电流流过加热细丝(3)来焊接部件(1)、(2)、(6)。
对图6中所示的部件进行如下装配：
·将阀(6)设置成围绕安装有加热元件(3)的肘弯的管道(2)的底部；
·将管道(2)以这样一种方式插入到燃料箱(1)的注入口中，即使得其安装有加热细丝(3)的一定长度(该少许部分紧临肘弯)从这里突出；
·通过使电流流过加热细丝(3)焊接部件(1)、(2)、(6)。

Claims (13)

1.一种通过利用可由电阻效应加热的电阻元件进行焊接将由塑料制成的管状件连接至同样由塑料制成的燃料箱的注入口的方法，其特征在于，
·以这样一种方式对待连接的所述两个部件的形状和尺寸进行选择，即它们之中任一个的一个表面与另一部件的相应表面相互吻合；
·将所述电阻元件结合到所述两个表面中的一个中；
·使所述两个表面产生接触；
·使电流以某一强度流过所述电阻元件，使得将其加热到足够高的温度，以便熔化制成所述两个表面的塑料并将它们焊接在一起，
所述管状件和所述注入口均包含阻隔层并且以这样一种方式进行焊接，即所述两个接触表面是同轴的且该区域内的各所述阻隔层是平行的。
2.根据前述权利要求所述的方法，其特征在于，所述塑料包含HDPE(高密度聚乙烯)；并且所述阻隔层是基于EVOH(乙烯与部分水解的乙酸乙烯酯的共聚物)或基于HDPE纳米组合物即基于HDPE且包含一种纳米尺寸的添加剂的组合物。
3.根据前述任一项权利要求所述的方法，其特征在于，在制造所述燃料箱时在包括型芯和模具的装置中通过型坯的吹塑或两个薄片的热成型将所述注入口与所述燃料箱一起作为一单个部件而塑模，在这两个经装配的部件中，它们中的一个具有一凹形的凹陷形状，而另一个具有可穿过所述凹陷形状的移动构件，以便模塑形成所述注入口。
4.根据前述任一项权利要求所述的方法，其特征在于，所述注入口是凹的、基本圆柱形的并且包括一个入口锥。
5.根据前述任一项权利要求所述的方法，其特征在于，所述管状件或所述注入口是燃料箱注入管。
6.根据前述任一项权利要求所述的方法，其特征在于，所述接触表面基本上是圆柱形的(直柱)。
7.根据前述任一项权利要求所述的方法，其特征在于，所述电阻元件是结合在所述管状件或在所述注入口中的金属细丝，所述细丝是通过预先在所述管状件或所述注入口中机械加工出凹槽，然后利用电流来加热所述细丝，并将所述热细丝设置到所述注入口中而结合的。
8.根据前述任一项权利要求所述的方法，其特征在于，所述凹槽具有双螺旋形状。
9.根据权利要求1至6中任一项所述的方法，其特征在于，所述电阻元件是金属部件或含有导电性添加剂的树脂组合物。
10.根据前述权利要求所述的方法，其特征在于，在焊接过程中，将所述管状件插入到所述注入口，将功能元件结合到所述注入口和所述管状件之间的连接处。
11.根据前述权利要求所述的方法，其特征在于，所述功能元件是阀。
12.根据前述任一项权利要求所述的方法，其特征在于，在所述焊接区域内所述阻隔层相隔至多5mm。
13.根据前述任一项权利要求所述的方法，其特征在于，所述焊接具有最短为10mm的长度。
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