CN101050419B - Production apparatus for culturing tiny alga and production method - Google Patents

Production apparatus for culturing tiny alga and production method Download PDF

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CN101050419B
CN101050419B CN 200710107942 CN200710107942A CN101050419B CN 101050419 B CN101050419 B CN 101050419B CN 200710107942 CN200710107942 CN 200710107942 CN 200710107942 A CN200710107942 A CN 200710107942A CN 101050419 B CN101050419 B CN 101050419B
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little algae
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algae
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CN101050419A (en
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王逢旦
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
    • C12M—APPARATUS FOR ENZYMOLOGY OR MICROBIOLOGY; APPARATUS FOR CULTURING MICROORGANISMS FOR PRODUCING BIOMASS, FOR GROWING CELLS OR FOR OBTAINING FERMENTATION OR METABOLIC PRODUCTS, i.e. BIOREACTORS OR FERMENTERS
    • C12M21/00—Bioreactors or fermenters specially adapted for specific uses
    • C12M21/02—Photobioreactors
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
    • C12M—APPARATUS FOR ENZYMOLOGY OR MICROBIOLOGY; APPARATUS FOR CULTURING MICROORGANISMS FOR PRODUCING BIOMASS, FOR GROWING CELLS OR FOR OBTAINING FERMENTATION OR METABOLIC PRODUCTS, i.e. BIOREACTORS OR FERMENTERS
    • C12M23/00—Constructional details, e.g. recesses, hinges
    • C12M23/02—Form or structure of the vessel
    • C12M23/06—Tubular
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
    • C12M—APPARATUS FOR ENZYMOLOGY OR MICROBIOLOGY; APPARATUS FOR CULTURING MICROORGANISMS FOR PRODUCING BIOMASS, FOR GROWING CELLS OR FOR OBTAINING FERMENTATION OR METABOLIC PRODUCTS, i.e. BIOREACTORS OR FERMENTERS
    • C12M23/00—Constructional details, e.g. recesses, hinges
    • C12M23/22—Transparent or translucent parts
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
    • C12M—APPARATUS FOR ENZYMOLOGY OR MICROBIOLOGY; APPARATUS FOR CULTURING MICROORGANISMS FOR PRODUCING BIOMASS, FOR GROWING CELLS OR FOR OBTAINING FERMENTATION OR METABOLIC PRODUCTS, i.e. BIOREACTORS OR FERMENTERS
    • C12M27/00—Means for mixing, agitating or circulating fluids in the vessel
    • C12M27/02—Stirrer or mobile mixing elements
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
    • C12M—APPARATUS FOR ENZYMOLOGY OR MICROBIOLOGY; APPARATUS FOR CULTURING MICROORGANISMS FOR PRODUCING BIOMASS, FOR GROWING CELLS OR FOR OBTAINING FERMENTATION OR METABOLIC PRODUCTS, i.e. BIOREACTORS OR FERMENTERS
    • C12M27/00—Means for mixing, agitating or circulating fluids in the vessel
    • C12M27/16—Vibrating; Shaking; Tilting
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
    • C12M—APPARATUS FOR ENZYMOLOGY OR MICROBIOLOGY; APPARATUS FOR CULTURING MICROORGANISMS FOR PRODUCING BIOMASS, FOR GROWING CELLS OR FOR OBTAINING FERMENTATION OR METABOLIC PRODUCTS, i.e. BIOREACTORS OR FERMENTERS
    • C12M29/00—Means for introduction, extraction or recirculation of materials, e.g. pumps
    • C12M29/06—Nozzles; Sprayers; Spargers; Diffusers
    • C12M29/08—Air lift
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    • C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
    • C12M—APPARATUS FOR ENZYMOLOGY OR MICROBIOLOGY; APPARATUS FOR CULTURING MICROORGANISMS FOR PRODUCING BIOMASS, FOR GROWING CELLS OR FOR OBTAINING FERMENTATION OR METABOLIC PRODUCTS, i.e. BIOREACTORS OR FERMENTERS
    • C12M31/00—Means for providing, directing, scattering or concentrating light
    • C12M31/10—Means for providing, directing, scattering or concentrating light by light emitting elements located inside the reactor, e.g. LED or OLED
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
    • C12M—APPARATUS FOR ENZYMOLOGY OR MICROBIOLOGY; APPARATUS FOR CULTURING MICROORGANISMS FOR PRODUCING BIOMASS, FOR GROWING CELLS OR FOR OBTAINING FERMENTATION OR METABOLIC PRODUCTS, i.e. BIOREACTORS OR FERMENTERS
    • C12M39/00—Means for cleaning the apparatus or avoiding unwanted deposits of microorganisms

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Abstract

This invention relates to a production apparatus for culturing microalgae. The production apparatus comprises more than one transparent tubular culture reactor units aligned in parallel or alternately parallel. The reactor units are fixed on the base by flanges to constitute the production apparatus. A static mixer, a luminescent device and an electromagnetic vibrator are set at the central axis of each reactor unit. CO2 micro-nozzles are set on the central hollow tube of the static mixer, the diversion blade and the bottom of the reactor unit. The production apparatus has such advantages as low investment, easy operation, special structure, adequate utilization of sunlight, and continuous production, can be widely used in microalgae production.

Description

A kind of production equipment and production method thereof of cultivating little algae
Technical field.
The present invention relates to little algae and cultivate the engineering field, particularly relate to the production equipment and the production method thereof of cultivating little algae.
Background technology
Microalgae reproduction always in all age is in fresh water, seawater or salty lake water, particularly for example well-known spirulina is to find so far in area, Chad lake in the sixties in last century, developed rapidly, only because this little algae contains rich in protein and nutrition, become the concentrated nutrition treasure-house, be recommended as the most desirable perfect food of 21 century by Food and Argriculture OrganizationFAO (FAO), countries in the world competitively produce one after another, and countries in the world output is near ten thousand tons at present.
Along with the countries in the world industrial production develops rapidly, energy consumption constantly increases, and environment for human survival worsens day by day, industrial CO 2The CO of quantity discharged consumption that plant absorbs on the earth 2, causing climate warming, serious threat is to environment for human survival.Yet the non-renewable energy such as Sweet natural gas, oil and coal resources reduce day by day, ballooning oil prices in recent years, and having to warn people must seek reproducible new forms of energy becomes the countries in the world focus-of-attention, wherein contains oil-rich microalgae and causes people's special concern.Show that according to relevant investigation oil, the Sweet natural gas that uses is derived from prehistoric biological substance (comprising marine alga) just at present, under high thermal high condition, form that the decomposition course of natural biological substance particularly lasts up to millions of years.A lot of oil that we use today all originate from the carboniferous period before 2,000,000 years, the petroleum deposits obtained of seabed, the North Sea for example, and part is made up of a kind of marine alga that is called as the ballstone algae of having decomposed.Cultivate little algae today, can in a couple of days, realize, might become the future world various countries and tap a new source of energy and fill up the petroleum and natural gas resource that is about to exhaust.
At present, the mode of production of little algae of Pei Yuing (as spirulina etc.) still adopts open-open-air Da Chi production system to produce in the world, although produce simple, invest low, production management is with low content of technology, but there are many defectives in this mode of production, for example being easy to biology stains, promptly from the water source, atmosphere, environment, the pollution that operation etc. causes, and seriously restricted by weather condition, quality product and stably manufactured that little algae is produced are brought extremely disadvantageous effect, the few area of heavy rainfull of special illumination and have the long area of severe winter can't annual ordinary production, directly limited cultivation and the exploitation of little algae.Entered since the eighties in last century, little algae production developer's (spirulina) of countries in the world and production engineering brainstrust are in order to overcome the factor of above-mentioned restriction production development, develop the apparatus and method of the little algae of multiple closed cultivation (as spirulina), duct type structured light bio-reactor (people such as Torzi110 for example, 1993) and CN1475558A the reactor assembly of little algae (spirulina) is disclosed, the Double-Tower Structure that adopts artificial lighting to cultivate, these devices are mainly used to production food grade spirulina, investment is big, power consumption is high, the cost height is difficult for long-term suitability for industrialized production, as for the breeding apparatus and the production method that contain oil-rich microalgae are not seen that as yet report is arranged.
Summary of the invention
The objective of the invention is to overcome above-mentioned present technology and have defective and deficiency, it is low, simple to operate to develop a kind of investment, and the structure uniqueness can make full use of sunlight, production equipment and the production method thereof of the little algae of cultivation that again can round-the-clock production.
The production equipment of the little algae of cultivation provided by the invention (or claiming to bring up), it is characterized in that comprising at least one (transparent tubular type cultivation) reactor unit device (abbreviation reactor) 1, parallel or alternately parallel interval arrange, for example comprise upright or dip-parallel or alternately parallel interval arrangement, be fixed on formation produced in series device on the ground base 10 by flange 11 respectively; Each transparent tubular type is cultivated the reactor unit device and is made tubular type or cylinder by transparent material, diameter 25～100cm, and high 2～6 meters, preferred 2～4 meters, the reactor top center is provided with deoxygenation air outlet 7 and upper end water-in 13, and bottom center is provided with CO 2Inlet mouth 6, lower bottom part are provided with micro algae culturing liquid escape orifice 8; The central axis district of cultivating the reactor unit device in tubular type is provided with static mixer 2, illumination apparatus 3 and hertz oscilltor 9, described static mixer is hollow tube vane-type static mixer or helical-ribbon type static mixer, be located at reactor center axis district, it by central hollow tube be arranged alternately 4-12 guide vane 4 (visual response device height is decided) and form, guide vane is the hollow guide vane, is provided with several CO on guide vane 2Outlet micro-nozzle (hole), CO 2Can in reactor, carry CO continuously by micro-nozzle 2, joining by lower flange on chimeric and the reactor is fixed on reactor center axis district central authorities.Reach reactor bottom on the central hollow tube, on the guide vane and be provided with CO 2The outlet micro-nozzle, CO 2By the required CO of little algae in the continuous supply response device of micro-nozzle at the bottom of central hollow tube, the reactor and on the guide vane 2The position, upper end is provided with oxygen and CO 2Access opening 12; Illumination apparatus is located at static mixer central hollow tube center and links to each other with the reactor top flange is chimeric; Hertz oscilltor is located at around the reactor bottom static mixer.
The production method of the little algae of cultivation provided by the invention, be included in the production equipment of cultivating little algae or cultivate in little algae tubular reactor cell arrangement, the little algae liquid of inoculation of packing into is reactor volume 1/100 to 1/4, all the other are water, also can add if desired in a subtle way and accelerate organic and inorganic nutrient substance, the trace element of the speed of growth and promote the oil-containing micro-algae hormone of growth fast in the algae culturing process, feed from power plant or other CO continuously 2The source is under magnetic field and the little vibration little algae, because the CO of power plant 2The source is hot CO 2The source can be used to regulate culture temperature, and culture temperature is 25～45 ℃, and incubation time 1-10 days, make full use of sunlight and make the breeding rapidly in the sun of little algae, night, continuous production can adopt illumination apparatus if desired.Look micro algae culturing liquid concentration and irregularly collect little algae, though little algae liquid discharge 3/4 to 99% of cultivating in the reactor through the collection of nutrient solution escape orifice, through centrifugal anhydrate or spray-dried etc. make microalgae powder or splash through high pressure burst little algae wall and carry oil component.
According to the production equipment of the little algae of cultivation provided by the invention and cultivate in the production method of little algae, described little algae comprises from freshwater microalgae, little algae of salty lake water or the little algae of seawater etc., for example green alga, blue-green algae, diatom, haematococcus pulvialis, Haematocoocus Pluvialls, Porphyridium cruentum etc. are preferably and contain the high little algae of grease such as green alga, haematococcus pulvialis, Haematocoocus Pluvialls, diatom or basketball algae etc.Inoculate little algae liquid and be generally 1/100 to 1/4 of reactor volume, wherein little algae liquid can need not each external inoculation liquid, only need each 3/4 to 99/100 of interior algae liquid of little algae liquid discharging reactor of cultivating of gathering, lefting in 1/100 to 1/4 is the little algae liquid of inoculation in the next nutrient solution.
Required CO during the little algae of the present invention is cultivated 2Gas is from power plant or other CO 2Treated contained foreign gas and particulate (the comprising dust) material that is unfavorable for micro-algae propagation in the gas of removing discharged in the source, (promptly meets micro algae growth and breeds desired CO 2Gas), because from the CO of power plant 2Aboundresources, inexpensive, and be the CO of heat 2, can pass through hot CO 2Or heating CO 2Regulate culture temperature, general 25～45 ℃ of culture temperature. adopt different culture temperature according to different microalgae.
Described light transmissive material is to adopt the good glass of light transmission, reinforced glass such as high borosilicate reinforced glass, synthetic glass, the multipolymer of transparent polymer materials such as transparent polyethylene, polypropylene, polyvinyl chloride, polyester, polycarbonate or carbon monoxide and fatty unsaturated compound etc.
In the production equipment of the little algae of described cultivation, tubular type cultivate little algae reactor unit device can the little algae of the only product of separate single or a plurality of for example parallel interval is arranged or alternately parallel interval arrange or arrange and constitute the produced in series line to the sunlight tilting, the oxygen venting port of each cell arrangement all can be connected on the pipeline, does to reclaim or the emptying processing.This arrangement simultaneously can make full use of the nature sunlight and make and cultivate that little algae reactor unit device is comprehensive all to be under the solar light irradiation, can make full use of sunlight.Meanwhile, at the insufficient weather of sunlight and can adopt night illumination apparatus can little algae be bred fast with the same illumination of natural sunlight equally.Little algae can breed a generation in every 1-5 hour under the normal growth condition, little algae can be under solar light irradiation, and Yu Shuizhong absorbs CO 2Just can breed rapidly, rapider in order to make micro-algae propagation, can also in water, add the tethelin (all being the commercially available prod) of an amount of organic and inorganic substance (nitrogenous, P, K), trace element and rich oil content.In the reactor unit device, establish static mixer, for example be provided with as shown in Figure 1, 2 guide vane (or being called for short blade) formula static mixer such as slurry formula or helical-ribbon type guide vane in the central axis district, wherein guide vane is arranged alternately on the central hollow tube and (connects with chimeric or spot welding), be distributed in the whole reactor space, guide vane is the hollow guide vane, and on guide vane, be provided with micro-nozzle (hole), CO 2Can constantly in nutrient solution, replenish CO by this hole 2, make CO 2Concentration homogeneous in whole reactor is perhaps worked as the reactor unit assembly dia at 80 ~ 100cm, can establish 3-6 static mixer (type static mixer shown in Figure 1) that has guide vane at central axis district illumination apparatus surrounding space.Be provided with CO on the central hollow tube of static mixer or on the guide vane and on the reactor bottom 2Unidirectional outlet (little) nozzle, CO 2Enter reactor through central hollow tube, guide vane and bottom micro-nozzle, acted in the whole reactor space by guide vane, make CO 2Distribute with the even thorough mixing of little algae liquid, make CO in the whole reactor 2Distributed density is near identical.And with zero shearing turbulence.Establish hertz oscilltor or quartzy magnetic vibrator in the bottom the little algae in the micro algae culturing liquid in the reactor is in magnetic field and the little vibration, greatly help contact flow and the breeding of little algae and eliminate little algae and might invest on the wall.Described illumination apparatus is arranged in the static mixer central hollow tube pipe, send and be similar to nature solar source and optimum micro algae growth, make that whole reactor space, frequency and wavelength are comprehensive to be under the class solar irradiation, little algae can absorb much at one in illumination energy sunlight or more useful, under identical illumination condition, breed: because it is in the central hollow tube, avoided the directly little algae of contact of illumination apparatus, generation is subjected to local superheating to be unfavorable for producing breeding or dead.There is CO between illumination apparatus and the central hollow tube 2Channel space can be by CO 2Take away the heat of generation.
In the production equipment and method of the little algae of cultivation provided by the invention, also be provided with supporting high-pressure spray gun water cleaning equipment and sterilization equipment, just in case the generation reactor is stained with wall and is tied dirty or pollute, can adopt high-pressure spray gun water cleaning equipment or carry out disinfection the assurance micro algae growth in process of production.
Production equipment of the little algae of cultivation provided by the invention and the characteristics of cultivating the production method of little algae thereof are:
1. cultivate the production equipment structure uniqueness of little algae, simple to operation, floor space is little, can make full use of sunlight, saves electric energy, reduces production costs.
In production equipment owing to adopt static mixer and hertz oscilltor, cultivate that little algae liquid is in magnetic field and little vibration condition is evenly comprehensive down with the same terms breeding rapidly down, do not have the dead angle.
3. adopt enclosed construction and can round-the-clock production control staining of external environmental organism foreign matter fully, guarantee that little algae can normally breed growth rapidly.
4. adopt the CO of power plant 2Source of the gas and other CO 2Turn waste into wealth in the source, by the CO that is provided with on the static mixer central hollow tube 2Nozzle and guide vane upper spray nozzle and bottom micro-nozzle make CO 2In reaction, be evenly distributed, concentration homogeneous up and down, and by this hot CO 2The source can effectively be regulated culture temperature and guarantee round-the-clock culture temperature.
5. production equipment of the present invention is because scientific and reasonable design, and it is silly and be stained with wall to be difficult for the knot that produces, just in case this phenomenon occurs, can open upper flange and very easily clean with high-pressure water spraying gun and carry out thorough disinfection.
6. production equipment of the present invention and method both can be produced separately to cultivate little algae reactor unit device, the produced in series that again can a plurality of or up to a hundred cell arrangements intensifies, and maintenance is simple.
7. as long as once inoculate little algae, subsequent production need not to inoculate little algae
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is for cultivating the structural representation of little algae reactor unit device
Fig. 2 is a static mixer ribbon guide vane structural representation
Fig. 3 is static mixer slurry formula guide vane structural representation
Embodiment
The present invention further specifies the present invention in conjunction with the accompanying drawings with following specific embodiments; But protection scope of the present invention is not limited to following specific embodiments.
Embodiment 1
The production equipment of cultivating little algae is for cultivating little algae reactor unit device, and reactor adopts the flanged (FLGD) reactor 1 of transparent polyethylene round shape, and true footpath 80cm is high 2.5 meters, is fixed on the ground base 10 by flange 11.Be provided with slurry formula guide vane static mixer 2 as shown in Figure 1 in reactor center axis district, slurry formula guide vane 4 is 8, is hollow type, is provided with micro-nozzle, alternately is entrenched on the central hollow tube, is provided with illumination apparatus 3 in the central hollow tube, CO 2Outlet nozzle (singly asking) 5 alternately is located on central hollow tube, blade and the bottom, and top, central hollow tube top is provided with oxygen and CO 2Porthole 12 communicates with top oxygen outlet 7, and the bottom is CO 2Inlet mouth 6 is established hertz oscilltor 9 in the reactor of static mixer central hollow tube bottom, and bottom one side is established nutrient solution escape orifice 8 and top water-in 13.Before the cultivation beginning, add reactor volume 1/10 inoculation haematococcus pulvialis liquid by the reactor head flange, sterilization water 9/10, tongued and grooved flanges starts hertz oscilltor, the interior nutrient solution of reactor is under little vibration and the electromagnetic field, from the CO of the treated mistake of power plant 2By bottom CO 2 Inlet mouth 6 enters central hollow tube through CO 2Outlet nozzle enters in the reactor nutrient solution, passes through CO 2The inlet attemperation is at 30～35 ℃, and constant back feeds CO continuously 2, the CO that in culturing process, produces oxygen and do not absorbed by little algae 2Discharge from the deoxygenation air outlet through passage 12, cultivate (open illumination apparatus night) after 3 days and measure little algae liquid concentration conform to requirement after, emit 90% micro algae culturing liquid, stay 1/10 nutrient solution, emit nutrient solution spray-dried the algae powder that dewaters after filtration again as cultivating the inoculation micro algae culturing liquid next time.

Claims (5)

1. a production equipment of cultivating little algae is characterized in that comprising at least one transparent tubular type cultivation reactor unit device (1), and parallel or alternately parallel interval arrangement is fixed on ground base (10) by flange (11) respectively and upward constitutes the produced in series device; It is tubular type or the cylinder that transparent material is made that each tubular type is cultivated the reaction member device, diameter 25～100cm, high 2-6 rice, the reactor top center is provided with deoxygenation air outlet (7) and upper end water-in (13), bottom center is established CO2 inlet mouth (6), and lower bottom part is established micro algae culturing liquid escape orifice (8); Establish static mixer (2) in the central axis district of cell arrangement, illumination apparatus (3) and hertz oscilltor (9), described static mixer by central hollow tube be arranged alternately 4～12 guide vanes (4) and form, joining by lower flange (11) on chimeric and the reactor is fixed on reactor center axis district central authorities; Evenly be provided with some CO at the bottom of central hollow tube, guide vane and the reactor 2Outlet micro-nozzle and upper end are provided with oxygen and CO 2Passage (12); Illumination apparatus is located at static mixer central hollow tube center and links to each other with the reactor top flange is chimeric, and hertz oscilltor is located at around the reactor bottom static mixer.
2. according to the production equipment of the little algae of cultivation of claim 1, its special giving birth to is that described transparent material is a glass, synthetic glass or transparent polymkeric substance; Described guide vane is the hollow guide vane, establishes several micro-nozzles on blade.
3. production method that the production equipment with claim 1 is cultivated little algae, it is characterized in that being included in the production equipment of cultivating little algae, the little algae liquid of inoculation of packing into be one of reactor volume percentage to 1/4th, all the other are for water or contain the water of organic or inorganic nutritive substance, trace element and hormone; Feed from power plant or other CO continuously 2The source, micro algae culturing liquid is under magnetic field and the little vibration, culture temperature is in 25～45 ℃, incubation time 1-10 days, directly use the nature sunlight daytime, use night illumination apparatus to supply with the required luminous energy of little algae, reach to cultivate and discharge little algae liquid 3/4ths to 99% after the concentration and gather, anhydrate or spraying drying gets the algae powder through centrifugal through the nutrient solution escape orifice.
4. according to the production method of the little algae of cultivation of claim 3, it is characterized in that described little algae is green alga, blue-green algae, diatom, haematococcus pulvialis, Haematocoocus Pluvialls or Porphyridium cruentum.
5. according to the production method of the little algae of cultivation of claim 4, it is characterized in that described little algae is haematococcus pulvialis or Haematocoocus Pluvialls.
CN 200710107942 2007-05-18 2007-05-18 Production apparatus for culturing tiny alga and production method Expired - Fee Related CN101050419B (en)

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