CN101014385A - 具有促生长活性的药用植物及其提取物在兽医药物和畜牧学中的应用 - Google Patents
具有促生长活性的药用植物及其提取物在兽医药物和畜牧学中的应用 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明涉及枸杞属植物，特别是枸杞的植物提取物或果实用于制备用于家畜的促生长剂的应用。
Description
本发明涉及枸杞属植物，特别是枸杞(Lycium barbarum)的植物提取物或果实用于制备用于家畜的促生长剂的应用。
背景技术
细菌对抗生素的抗药性是一个日益严重的问题，它影响着包括兽医领域在内的许多公共卫生领域。
与人医药中所用的抗生素基本相同或者极其相关的抗生素在兽医药物中的应用，以及使用亚治疗有效剂量的抗生素作为促生长剂和群体性后期预防剂(mass metaphylactic agent)的常规作法是许多造成家畜甚至是人类病变的细菌的获得性抗生素抗药性扩散的主要原因。在肉类中存在的抗生素残留以及，间接的，抗生素抗药性细菌的选择(其可以将致病细菌的抗药性基因转移给人)可能会危害人类健康。
所生产的所有抗生素中，约25％被用于家畜，其中的90％在亚治疗剂量下使用，用来预防疾病并促进生长。自从50年代以来，为了提高产量，已经将一些抗微生物剂加入到饲料中并且其在畜牧学中被广泛应用。例如，在养猪时，小猪断奶是一个最为棘手的阶段，这是因为与将不同组的动物转移并混合在一起以及改变饲料有关的令人烦恼的事件导致了动物小肠菌群的变化，从而使得其更易于发生感染。用抗生素预防断奶期间发生的地方病使得抗生素被广泛应用，在饲料中混入抗生素的时间有时会一直延续到动物70-80天大的时候。
由于抗生素抗药性的出现，所以欧盟(EU)在用抗生素作为促生长剂、抗微生物剂预防、多药物疗法、通过饲料和水进行群体性给药(massmedication)的作法方面具有严格限制。特别是，EU正准备在2006年前撤销有关用抗生素作为促生长剂的所有许可。但是，禁止用抗生素作为促生长剂和预防剂将涉及动物健康恶化的问题，使动物出现腹泻增加、体重降低和死亡。
在降低畜牧学，特别是养猪对使用抗生素的依赖性方面有多种不同的方法：一种选择是研制通过控制细菌和促进动物的天然反应性从而改善健康情况和优化产量的替代作法。该替代解决办法必需具有的特点是对于生产者，并且进而对于消费者而言使用时是安全的并且是廉价的。
枸杞属植物是中国本地出产的一种灌木，属于茄科，其结出一些小的椭圆形果实，该果实在秋季变成橙色/红色。
枸杞属植物的果实已经以水提取物的形式使用了很长时间，其在传统中药中被用于治疗包括肾和肝脏病症、贫血、头晕和耳鸣在内的许多病症。
本发明的公开
现在已经发现，将枸杞属植物、特别是枸杞植物的部分，特别是果实或果实提取物给药于家畜至少与使用促进生长的抗生素一样有效。
因此，本发明涉及用于兽医或畜牧学应用的组合物，其包含研碎了的枸杞属植物，特别是枸杞的果实或果实提取物作为活性成分，其中所说的活性成分与适宜的载体混合或者为食物添加物的形式。
已证实所述的组合物可以促进家畜、特别是猪、牛、羊和马、尤其是猪的生长而没有促生长抗生素的缺点和副作用。
其剂量取决于许多因素，如动物的种属、大小、体重和年龄。原则上，典型的剂量为0.1g至10g提取物(或果实)/每只动物/天。
可以用包括用水对枸杞果实重复进行提取的方法来制备本发明所用的提取物。提取温度可以为5℃至水的沸腾温度，优选90℃。将所得的提取物合并并将其在真空下浓缩至小体积，然后将其在真空、60℃下在静态干燥器中进行干燥。
用下面的实施例来对本发明进一步进行详细说明。
实施例1：用于畜牧学应用的枸杞果实提取物的制备
将1kg干燥的枸杞果实放置在一个有夹套的渗滤器中并用1.9L水将其在90℃的温度下浸泡3小时。回收第一份提取物并再对其进行4次提取，一共使用7.1L水。将这些提取物过滤并将其合并(6.2L)，然后将其在真空下浓缩至小体积，然后在静态干燥器中在60℃下真空干燥。对所得的固体进行研磨，从而得到650g干燥的全提取物。
实施例2：体内试验
用120只小猪来进行实验，将其分成4组，每组30只动物。
将第1组(对照)用不含添加剂的标准饲料进行处理。将第2组(抗生素)用每公斤饲料包含2g安普霉素和1g粘菌素的含药饲料进行处理。将第3组用添加有2g/Kg枸杞提取物的标准饲料进行处理。将第4组用添加有5g/kg研磨得很细的枸杞果实的标准饲料进行处理。
对所有的动物在第22天至第41天的断奶期间进行处理。
通过总增重、日摄食量和腹泻动物百分比来对动物的健康进行评估。此外，从第41天开始，对动物粪便样品进行微生物学分析，对其总中生植物负荷的细菌计数、总大肠杆菌和乳酸杆菌计数进行分析。用本领域技术人员已知的标准方法对所有的参数进行评估。
在下表中报告的结果证明，向标准饲料中加入研磨得很细的果实和水提取物形式的枸杞(虽然其本身在体外没有抗菌活性)可能是断奶饲料(weaning foodstock)中抗生素促生长剂的有价值的替代品。
表1.在第41天时小猪的重量和平均增重(MWI)
| 治疗 | 小鼠重量(kg) | MWI | |
| 第22天 | 第41天 | ||
| 对照 | 7.02±1.2 | 10.25±1.5 | 3.22 |
| 抗生素 | 7.43±1.3 | 12.21±1.6 | 4.78 |
| 枸杞果实 | 7.27±1.2 | 11.23±1.4 | 3.96 |
| 枸杞水提取物 | 7.22±1.3 | 11.56±1.3 | 4.34 |
表2.平均日摄取量：在治疗的第22至41天中以kg表示的日摄食量
| 治疗 | kg |
| 对照 | 0.22 |
| 抗生素 | 0.37 |
| 枸杞果实 | 0.33 |
| 枸杞水提取物 | 0.35 |
表3.在各治疗组中所说治疗对腹泻发病的影响
| 治疗 | 腹泻动物％ |
| 对照 | 60 |
| 抗生素 | 10 |
| 枸杞果实 | 30 |
| 枸杞水提取物 | 10 |
表4.给予试验物质对得自第41天取样的粪便的不同菌群的影响(log Ufc/g)
| 治疗 | 大肠杆菌 | CBT | 乳酸杆菌 |
| 抗生素 | 6.41 | 6.47 | 5.38 |
| 对照 | 8.05 | 7.55 | 6.93 |
| 枸杞果实 | 6.79 | 7.02 | 6.93 |
| 枸杞水提取物 | 6.56 | 6.70 | 5.99 |
Claims (7)
1.枸杞属植物的部分或植物提取物用于制备用于饲料的促生长剂的应用。
2.如权利要求1所述的应用，其中所说的枸杞属植物是枸杞。
3.如权利要求1或2所述的应用，其中所说的枸杞的部分是果实。
4.如权利要求1或2所述的应用，其中所说的提取物是果实水提取物。
5.包含枸杞属植物的部分或植物提取物和适宜载体的兽医或畜牧组合物。
6.如权利要求5所述的组合物，其包含枸杞果实或枸杞果实的水提取物。
7.添加有枸杞属植物，特别是枸杞的果实或果实提取物的饲料。
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| ITMI2004A001631 | 2004-08-06 | ||
| IT001631A ITMI20041631A1 (it) | 2004-08-06 | 2004-08-06 | Uso di piante medicinalime di loro estratti come promotori della crescita in veterinaria e zootecnia |
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| CN101014385A true CN101014385A (zh) | 2007-08-08 |
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| US (1) | US20080075799A1 (zh) |
| EP (1) | EP1773449A1 (zh) |
| JP (1) | JP2008508869A (zh) |
| KR (1) | KR20070040806A (zh) |
| CN (1) | CN101014385A (zh) |
| AU (1) | AU2005269015A1 (zh) |
| CA (1) | CA2576092A1 (zh) |
| IL (1) | IL181163A0 (zh) |
| IT (1) | ITMI20041631A1 (zh) |
| NO (1) | NO20070659L (zh) |
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| KR100217885B1 (ko) * | 1996-12-14 | 1999-10-01 | 김강권 | 구기자 부산물을 포함하는 가축사료 첨가제 |
| US5876782A (en) * | 1997-05-14 | 1999-03-02 | Kemin Industries, Inc. | Method for the conversion of xanthophylls in plant material |
| US20020009505A1 (en) * | 2000-06-01 | 2002-01-24 | Yuanjin Tao | Compositions and methods for treating eye discomfort |
| US6455078B1 (en) * | 2000-10-18 | 2002-09-24 | Tzu-Sheng Wu | Medicinal herbal composition for treating liver diseases and HIV |
| KR20030012714A (ko) * | 2001-08-04 | 2003-02-12 | 양상철 | 성장촉진용 건강식품의 제조방법 |
| CN1147237C (zh) * | 2001-09-30 | 2004-04-28 | 刘文利 | 加有中药的蛋鸡饲料 |
| KR20040071764A (ko) * | 2001-12-28 | 2004-08-12 | 산또리 가부시키가이샤 | ２―Ｏ―（β―Ｄ―글루코피라노실）아스코르브산, 그의제조, 및 이를 함유하는 조성물 포함 식품 및 화장품 |
| AU2003256104A1 (en) * | 2002-08-14 | 2004-03-03 | Bionutrigen Co., Ltd | Powder or extracts of plant leaves with anti-obesity effects and anti-obesity food comprising them |
| AU2003287100A1 (en) * | 2002-11-08 | 2004-06-03 | Kin-Ping Wong | Compositions containing an active fraction isolated from lycium barbarum and methods of using the same |
| US20050170028A1 (en) * | 2004-02-04 | 2005-08-04 | Chang Raymond C. | Polysaccharide extract from Lycium barbarum as neuroprotective agent against beta-amyloid peptide neurotoxicity |
| WO2006006768A1 (en) * | 2004-07-14 | 2006-01-19 | Rnl Life Science Ltd. | Composition for promoting growth of animal comprising extracts of artemisia capillaris thunberg, acanthopanax and garlic and feed composition for promoting growth comprising the composition |
-
2004
- 2004-08-06 IT IT001631A patent/ITMI20041631A1/it unknown
-
2005
- 2005-07-20 EP EP05775010A patent/EP1773449A1/en not_active Withdrawn
- 2005-07-20 JP JP2007524214A patent/JP2008508869A/ja active Pending
- 2005-07-20 US US11/659,333 patent/US20080075799A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2005-07-20 KR KR1020077002504A patent/KR20070040806A/ko not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2005-07-20 WO PCT/EP2005/007896 patent/WO2006013000A1/en not_active Application Discontinuation
- 2005-07-20 RU RU2007104341/15A patent/RU2007104341A/ru not_active Application Discontinuation
- 2005-07-20 AU AU2005269015A patent/AU2005269015A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2005-07-20 CA CA002576092A patent/CA2576092A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2005-07-20 CN CNA2005800265798A patent/CN101014385A/zh active Pending
-
2007
- 2007-02-05 IL IL181163A patent/IL181163A0/en unknown
- 2007-02-05 NO NO20070659A patent/NO20070659L/no not_active Application Discontinuation
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| KR20070040806A (ko) | 2007-04-17 |
| RU2007104341A (ru) | 2008-08-10 |
| ITMI20041631A1 (it) | 2004-11-06 |
| EP1773449A1 (en) | 2007-04-18 |
| US20080075799A1 (en) | 2008-03-27 |
| CA2576092A1 (en) | 2006-02-09 |
| NO20070659L (no) | 2007-03-06 |
| JP2008508869A (ja) | 2008-03-27 |
| AU2005269015A1 (en) | 2006-02-09 |
| IL181163A0 (en) | 2007-07-04 |
| WO2006013000A1 (en) | 2006-02-09 |
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