CN101007718A - 凹凸棒日光温室保温砖 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种凹凸棒日光温室保温砖，其技术方案的要点是，凹凸棒日光温室保温砖是由凹凸棒石粘土、木屑、膨胀珍珠岩、膨胀蛭石和十二烷基硫酸钠组成。经过配料、搅拌、压制成形、自然干燥、焙烧、出炉冷却后为凹凸棒日光温室保温砖。凹凸棒日光温室保温砖用于砌筑日光温室的内墙，白天为温室的蓄热体，接受太阳的辐射热量，墙体吸收热量，温度升高，而到夜间为放热体，墙体温度降低，向温室中放热，减缓温室温度的下降，同时起保温作用，阻止温室热量向外传导。
Description
技术领域：
本发明涉及保温砖，具体涉及一种凹凸棒日光温室保温砖。
背景技术：
日光温室和塑料大棚以造价低、操作简单、相对效益高等优点而发展趋势强劲。日光温室和塑料大棚的应用在相当程度上解决了蔬菜的反季节生产问题，为各地的菜篮子工程做出了很大的贡献。
随着经济的不断发展，对蔬菜及花卉生产的需求量增大和对设施要求的提高，日光温室逐渐从简易节能型向机械化、作业舒适化的高效节能的高档温室发展。
日光温室的墙体大多是土墙，虽然其保温性能好，成本低，但坚固性差，使用年限短，保温效果较差，需要经常维修；砖墙或内外两层砖，中间填炉渣、珍珠岩、岩棉等，这几种填充材料虽然刚开始的时候保温性能较好，但经一段时间后材料本身吸湿后，其本身重量急剧增加，保温性能随吸湿量的增加而明显下降，由于墙体填充物的保温性不够，不得不用墙体加厚的方法来提高其保温性，但这样会增加墙体的造价，墙体的占地面积也相应的增加。
日光温室一般都采用红砖砌成保温墙体，烧制红砖需要大量优质粘土，我国每年因烧砖造成大面积良田毁坏，污染环境，红砖已被建设部列为淘汰产品。寻找新型建筑材料以替代红砖并设计成组装式日光温室，使日光温室朝着组装式、工厂化批量生产的方向发展。
中国专利公开号CN1535930，公开日为2004年4月13日，名称为“轻体保温砖”，公开了“一种轻体保温砖的配方技术是建筑业和科技农业中阳光温室墙体砌筑砖用的技术，为了节省能源保护土地资源本发明采用以水稻壳为主原料的配方技术，以达到体轻和保温的最佳效果。”
“轻体保温砖”是由水稻壳、水泥、水玻璃和工业炉灰混配制成，上述专利的不足之处是水稻壳虽然较轻，水泥、水玻璃和工业炉灰并不轻，因此“轻体保温砖”并不轻，而且该砖并不适宜用在阳光温室墙体砌筑，因为该砖是用水泥、水玻璃混配制成，其砖内部的孔隙率较低，而阳光温室内部的湿度较高，“轻体保温砖”的主体材料吸湿后，很快达到饱和状态，将会主动吸收温室内的温度，使温室的保温性能下降，“轻体保温砖”内部的水稻壳，长期吸湿后将会腐烂变质，造成污染。
发明内容：
本发明的目的是克服现有技术中不足之处，提供一种具有多孔、质轻、保温、蓄热和放热反应于一体的凹凸棒日光温室保温砖。
凹凸棒日光温室保温砖是由凹凸棒石粘土、木屑、膨胀珍珠岩、膨胀蛭石和十二烷基硫酸钠组成。经过配料、搅拌、压制成形、自然干燥、焙烧、出炉冷却后为凹凸棒日光温室保温砖。
凹凸棒石粘土土质细腻，表面光滑，质地较轻，潮湿时呈粘性和可塑性，其粘度可达到3000mPa·s以上，有利于原料之间的粘结：凹凸棒石粘土干燥收缩率小，且不产生龟裂，焙烧后的凹凸棒石粘土，具有外界湿度大的时候吸湿，外界湿度小的时候向外释放其内部水分的功能；凹凸棒石粘土的比表面积可达350m2/g以上，具有较好的吸附性能，能吸附日光温室内的有害和有毒物质，净化室内空气，本发明选用凹凸棒石粘土的颗粒细度控制在0.074～0.105毫米。
木屑选用木材加工厂的新鲜木屑，晒干后备用，颗粒细度控制在1～3毫米。
膨胀珍珠岩是珍珠岩焙烧后的制成品，其颗粒内部呈蜂窝微孔状结构、无毒无味、不腐不燃和耐酸碱，膨胀珍珠岩是一种轻型骨料，但是体性易碎和吸水率较高，在墙体温度变化时，膨胀珍珠岩因吸水膨胀产生鼓泡开裂现象，吸水还降低了材料的保温性能，在保温材料的运用上受到限制，与凹凸棒石粘土混合后，由于凹凸棒石粘土粘度高和可塑性好，即可弥补膨胀珍珠岩体性易碎和吸水率较高的缺点，并能充分利用膨胀珍珠岩容重轻、导热系数低、保温性能好，孔隙细微、物化性能稳定的特点，本发明选用膨胀珍珠岩的颗粒细度控制在0.5～2毫米。
蛭石具有隔热、耐冻、抗菌、防火、保温、吸声等优异性能，在800～1000℃下焙烧0.5～1.0分钟，体积可迅速增大8～15倍，生成一种质地疏松的膨胀蛭石，膨胀后的蛭石平均容重为100～130kg/m3，具有细小的空气间隔层，因而是一种优良的保温、隔热、吸音、耐冻蚀建筑材料、工业填料、涂料及耐火材料，本发明选用膨胀蛭石的颗粒细度控制在0.5～2毫米。
十二烷基硫酸钠是一种白至微黄色的粉末，具有良好的渗透、乳化和优异的发泡能力，有利于凹凸棒石粘土、木屑、膨胀珍珠岩和膨胀蛭石混合物的相互粘结，并产生一定量的气泡。
本发明通过下述技术方案予以实现：
1、凹凸棒日光温室保温砖的配料，按重量百分比由下列组分组成：凹凸棒石粘土55～75％、木屑10～25％、膨胀珍珠岩5～25％、膨胀蛭石5～20％和十二烷基硫酸钠0.1～5％。
2、凹凸棒日光温室保温砖的制备方法是：
①搅拌：先将十二烷基硫酸钠溶解在水中，然后将凹凸棒石粘土、木屑、膨胀珍珠岩、膨胀蛭石共同加入十二烷基硫酸钠的溶液中混合搅拌后，形成一种多气泡的混合物，保温砖配料与水的固液比，控制在1∶0.3至1∶0.6。
②压制成形：将多气泡的混合物加入保温砖的模具中，使用压力机压制成保温砖的半成品，在保温砖的半成品内部分布有十分均匀的微孔。
③自然干燥：将保温砖的半成品输送到室内进行自然干燥，自然干燥后的保温砖半成品水分≤13％。
④焙烧：将自然干燥后保温砖的半成品输送到焙烧窑内进行焙烧，焙烧温度控制在700～850℃，焙烧时间控制在4～12小时，保温砖的半成品在焙烧过程中，木屑将烧成灰烬，留下大量的孔隙，出炉冷却后使用塑料袋密封包装为凹凸棒日光温室保温砖成品。
凹凸棒日光温室保温砖的表面层光而不滑，抗压强度好，耐酸碱浸渍，表面层和其内部有十分均匀的大量的微孔，凹凸棒日光温室保温砖自重较轻，其外形尺寸与标准红砖相同的条件下，仅是标准红砖重量的三分之一。
凹凸棒日光温室保温砖用于砌筑日光温室的内墙，白天为温室的蓄热体，接受太阳的辐射热量，墙体吸收热量，温度升高，而到夜间为放热体，墙体温度降低，向温室中放热，减缓温室温度的下降，同时起保温作用，阻止温室热量向外传导。
日光温室内湿度大的时候，凹凸棒日光温室保温砖具有吸湿的功能，日光温室内湿度小的时候，凹凸棒日光温室保温砖能将砖内的水分向温室内释放，
凹凸棒日光温室保温砖还能有效地吸附日光温室内空气中的氨氮和挥发性有机物，净化温室内空气，不但有利于植物的生长，也可以减少温室内的空气污染，有利于工作人员的身体健康。
凹凸棒日光温室保温砖，不仅节省了温室造价和用砖量，也提高了墙体保温性能的持久性，并且减少了墙体占地面积，提高了其作业舒适性、结构的耐久性与坚固性，使日光温室的生产提高到一个新的水平。
凹凸棒日光温室保温砖可根据实际情况，设计其具体规格尺寸，也可以压制成各种保温扳，有利于日光温室朝着组装式、工厂化批量生产的方向发展。
凹凸棒日光温室保温砖还适用于其它需要保温、隔音、防火和吸湿的场合。
具体实施方式：
下面结合实施例，对本发明作进一步的描述：
1、凹凸棒日光温室保温砖的配料，按重量百分比由下列组分组成：凹凸棒石粘土65％、木屑15％、膨胀珍珠岩12％、膨胀蛭石7.4％和十二烷基硫酸钠0.6％。
2、凹凸棒日光温室保温砖的制备方法是：
①搅拌：先将十二烷基硫酸钠溶解在水中，然后将凹凸棒石粘土、木屑、膨胀珍珠岩、膨胀蛭石共同加入十二烷基硫酸钠的溶液中混合搅拌后，形成一种多气泡的混合物，保温砖配料与水的固液比，控制在1∶0.45。
②压制成形：将多气泡的混合物加入保温砖的模具中，使用压力机压制成保温砖的半成品。
③自然干燥：将的半成品输送到室内进行自然干燥，自然干燥后的保温砖半成品水分≤13％。
④焙烧：将自然干燥后保温砖的半成品输送到焙烧窑内进行焙烧，焙烧温度控制在700～750℃，焙烧时间控制在6小时，出炉冷却后为凹凸棒日光温室保温砖成品。
Claims (1)
1、一种凹凸棒日光温室保温砖，其特征在于，凹凸棒日光温室保温砖的配料，按重量百分比由下列组分组成：凹凸棒石粘土55～75％、木屑10～25％、膨胀珍珠岩5～25％、膨胀蛭石5～20％和十二烷基硫酸钠0.1～5％。
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Cited By (13)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN102863203A (zh) * | 2012-10-27 | 2013-01-09 | 盱眙县东强新型建材厂 | 凹凸棒粉煤灰陶粒保温板的生产方法 |
| CN102863228A (zh) * | 2012-09-30 | 2013-01-09 | 许庆华 | 凹凸棒火山碎屑岩隔热耐火砖 |
| CN102863235A (zh) * | 2012-09-30 | 2013-01-09 | 许庆华 | 凹凸棒火山碎屑岩轻质耐火骨料的生产方法 |
| CN102863246A (zh) * | 2012-09-30 | 2013-01-09 | 许庆华 | 凹凸棒火山碎屑岩轻质耐火骨料砂 |
| CN102863236A (zh) * | 2012-09-30 | 2013-01-09 | 许庆华 | 凹凸棒火山碎屑岩轻质生料粉 |
| CN102863196A (zh) * | 2012-10-27 | 2013-01-09 | 盱眙县东强新型建材厂 | 免烧凹凸棒耐火陶粒保温砖 |
| CN102863204A (zh) * | 2012-10-27 | 2013-01-09 | 盱眙县东强新型建材厂 | 凹凸棒粉煤灰陶粒保温砖 |
| CN102863240A (zh) * | 2012-09-30 | 2013-01-09 | 许庆华 | 凹凸棒火山碎屑岩轻质耐火砖 |
| CN102863241A (zh) * | 2012-09-30 | 2013-01-09 | 许庆华 | 凹凸棒火山碎屑岩碱性耐火骨料的生产方法 |
| CN102863242A (zh) * | 2012-09-30 | 2013-01-09 | 许庆华 | 凹凸棒火山碎屑岩隔热生料粉 |
| CN104291735A (zh) * | 2013-07-19 | 2015-01-21 | 刘峰 | 一种隔热保温材料 |
| CN106007498A (zh) * | 2016-05-17 | 2016-10-12 | 岑溪市新建球陶瓷有限公司 | 保温外墙砖 |
| CN112125594A (zh) * | 2019-06-25 | 2020-12-25 | 天津欧贝姆建材有限公司 | 一种砂基无机透水砖及其制备方法 |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US5034160A (en) * | 1990-06-11 | 1991-07-23 | W.R. Grace & Co.-Conn. | Sprayable fireproofing composition |
| CN1159468A (zh) * | 1996-03-11 | 1997-09-17 | 刘作君 | 绿色复合墙体隔热保温涂料及生产工艺 |
| CN1278997C (zh) * | 2002-12-30 | 2006-10-11 | 北京市建筑材料科学研究院 | 复合材料保温板 |
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| CN102863241A (zh) * | 2012-09-30 | 2013-01-09 | 许庆华 | 凹凸棒火山碎屑岩碱性耐火骨料的生产方法 |
| CN102863241B (zh) * | 2012-09-30 | 2013-10-16 | 许庆华 | 凹凸棒火山碎屑岩碱性耐火骨料的生产方法 |
| CN102863235A (zh) * | 2012-09-30 | 2013-01-09 | 许庆华 | 凹凸棒火山碎屑岩轻质耐火骨料的生产方法 |
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| CN102863240A (zh) * | 2012-09-30 | 2013-01-09 | 许庆华 | 凹凸棒火山碎屑岩轻质耐火砖 |
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| CN104291735A (zh) * | 2013-07-19 | 2015-01-21 | 刘峰 | 一种隔热保温材料 |
| CN106007498A (zh) * | 2016-05-17 | 2016-10-12 | 岑溪市新建球陶瓷有限公司 | 保温外墙砖 |
| CN112125594A (zh) * | 2019-06-25 | 2020-12-25 | 天津欧贝姆建材有限公司 | 一种砂基无机透水砖及其制备方法 |
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