CN106116632A - 玄武岩轻质通孔陶粒 - Google Patents

玄武岩轻质通孔陶粒 Download PDF

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CN106116632A
CN106116632A CN201610477718.9A CN201610477718A CN106116632A CN 106116632 A CN106116632 A CN 106116632A CN 201610477718 A CN201610477718 A CN 201610477718A CN 106116632 A CN106116632 A CN 106116632A
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lightweight
hole haydite
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韩林利
许庆华
蒋文兰
金白云
王鲁海
袁欣
许盛英
袁长兵
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Abstract

本发明公开了一种玄武岩轻质通孔陶粒,其技术方案的要点是,玄武岩轻质通孔陶粒由气孔状玄武岩、高粘凹凸棒石粘土、粉状玄武岩发泡剂、活性白土废渣、漂珠、轻质氧化镁、膨胀珍珠岩、膨胀蛭石、硫酸亚铁和生石灰组成。将玄武岩轻质通孔陶粒的配料进行搅拌混合、挤压造粒、烘干、焙烧、保温、筛分后密封包装为玄武岩轻质通孔陶粒。玄武岩轻质通孔陶粒具有比表面积大、堆积密度小、吸水率高、透气性能优越、外观造型美观无异味、轻质强度好、微孔和大孔为一体的特点。用于培育或种植各种苗木、花草和蔬菜时,植物的根部将会从玄武岩轻质通孔陶粒里吸收水或液态肥的营养成分,确保植物生长发育好和成活率高,适用于配制无土栽培基质和营养土。

Description

玄武岩轻质通孔陶粒
技术领域
本发明涉及陶粒,具体涉及一种玄武岩轻质通孔陶粒。
背景技术
培育或种植各种苗木、花草和蔬菜时使用的土壤,大多是采用就地附近的泥土,再添加一些草木灰或泥炭土搅拌在一起的,这些土壤的含水率在12~20%,还含有大量的有害病菌。
采用这些土壤培育或种植各种苗木、花草和蔬菜时,很难控制后期补水的水量,补水后的土壤含水率超过30%以上,土壤中的水分含量比较高,土壤将会呈半流泥糊状或泥浆状,如果土壤没有能够及时得到补水,土壤又将会出现板结硬块状,都将会直接影响到植物的正常生长。
随着绿化工程质量要求的不断提高,也常采用粉煤灰陶粒、粘土陶粒、页岩陶粒和花卉陶粒等材料为无土栽培基质。
粉煤灰陶粒、粘土陶粒和页岩陶粒是一种人造轻集料,采用优质黏土、页岩或蛇纹石为主要原料,通过回转窑高温焙烧,经膨化而成,由于其内部呈蜂窝状结构,因而具有轻质、高强、导热系数低、吸水率小等特点,(详见国家标准:GBT17431.1-2010 轻集料及其试验方法)。
由于人造轻集料经过高温焙烧后,其表面形成一层釉质,虽然人造轻集料内部呈蜂窝状结构的微孔,但是,内部蜂窝状结构的微孔是一种闭口孔,蜂窝状结构的微孔不仅彼此之间不连通,而且与外界相隔绝,吸水率较低,人造轻集料内部几乎不含有水分,将人造轻集料放进水体中,只能漂浮于水的表面,因此,人造轻集料只能撒在土壤的表层,做为一种装饰,并不能直接用于种植各种苗木、花卉和蔬菜等植物。
中国专利授权公告号:CN 102503539 B,授权公告日:2013年04月17日,名称为“圆球形凹凸棒花卉陶粒”,公开了“一种圆球形凹凸棒花卉陶粒,圆球形凹凸棒花卉陶粒由高粘凹凸棒石粘土粉、凹凸棒石粘土尾矿粉、红色膨润土粉、污泥、玄武岩尾矿粉和稻壳粉组成。将圆球形凹凸棒花卉陶粒的配料经过混合、造粒、焙烧、冷却和筛分包装为圆球形凹凸棒花卉陶粒”。
圆球形陶粒制备工艺:在造粒过程中,先将粉状配料加工成一种小于0.5毫米的小球,然后将配制好的雾状水溶液,喷洒在运转中的造粒机内的小球表面,再将粉状配料洒落在湿润的小球的表面,经过多次重复的喷洒雾状水溶液和将粉状配料洒落在湿润的小球的表面,经过一层又一层的包裹,小球的体积不断增大,最终完成造粒的全过程,制备成一种强度比较高的圆球形陶粒。
经过焙烧后的圆球形陶粒内部结构更加紧密,虽然圆球形陶粒强度比较高,但是造成了有效比表面积小,比重和堆积密度都比较大,从而降低了圆球形陶粒的吸附能力和吸水率。
圆球形凹凸棒花卉陶粒是一种圆球形陶粒,在焙烧过程中,圆球形凹凸棒花卉陶粒内部很难能完全烧透,直接影响到圆球形凹凸棒花卉陶粒的内在质量。
经多次抽样测试:市场上销售的人造轻集料平均堆积密度≥800kg/m³,平均吸水率≤18%,普通土壤平均堆积密度≥1020kg/m³,平均吸水率≤26%,圆球形凹凸棒花卉陶粒平均堆积密度≥850kg/m³,平均吸水率≤50%。
相比之下,这几种陶粒的堆积密度都比较大,吸水率比较小,用户希望能发明一种堆积密度≤800kg/m³,吸水率≥65%的轻质陶粒,以适用于配制无土栽培基质和营养土。
发明内容
本发明的目的是克服现有技术中不足之处,提供一种玄武岩轻质通孔陶粒。
玄武岩轻质通孔陶粒由气孔状玄武岩、高粘凹凸棒石粘土、粉状玄武岩发泡剂、活性白土废渣、漂珠、轻质氧化镁、膨胀珍珠岩、膨胀蛭石、硫酸亚铁和生石灰组成。
玄武岩轻质通孔陶粒的生产方法:将玄武岩轻质通孔陶粒的配料进行搅拌混合、挤压造粒、烘干、焙烧、保温、筛分后密封包装为玄武岩轻质通孔陶粒。
玄武岩属基性火山岩,是地球洋壳和月球月海的最主要组成物质,玄武岩的主要成份是二氧化硅、三氧化二铝、氧化铁、氧化钙、氧化镁(还有少量的氧化钾、氧化钠),其中二氧化硅含量最多,约占百分之四十五至五十左右,多气孔状的玄武岩,其气孔多,质地较轻,本发明选用气孔状玄武岩的粒度≤0.074毫米。
高粘凹凸棒石粘土是以凹凸棒石粘土为原料,经破碎、浸泡、添加、辊压、干燥、粉碎等工艺制得的一种天然产品,具有较高粘度的优良粘结剂,主要用于精细化工、建材、石油化工、农业、环保等行业,以提高产品的质量和功效,本发明选用高粘凹凸棒石粘土的动力粘度≥2200 mPa·s,产品质量需要符合JC/T 2266-2014 凹凸棒石粘土制品的标准,本发明选用高粘凹凸棒石粘土的粒度≤0.074毫米。
粉状玄武岩发泡剂具有发泡能力强、发泡倍数高、单位体积产泡量大、泡沫外膜韧性好不易破碎,泡沫稳定性好、可长时间不消泡、泡沫细腻、在介质内生成的孔洞大小均匀、泌水量低和使用介质的相容性好等优点,本发明选用粉状玄武岩发泡剂的粒度≤0.074毫米。
活性白土是一种无臭、无味、无毒的白色或米色粉末或颗粒,经脱色以后的活性白土失去了活性即成为活性白土废渣,一些油厂都将这些活性白土废渣丢弃,如果得不到及时处理,活性白土废渣内的脂类有机质发酵后产生霉变和恶臭,不仅资源浪费,污染环境及地下水质,而且易引起火灾,将对社会和企业造成一定的损失,本发明选用活性白土废渣的粒度≤0.149毫米。
漂珠是一种能浮于水面的玄武岩空心球,呈灰白色,壁薄中空,具有颗粒细、中空、质轻、高强、耐磨、耐高温、保温绝缘、绝缘阻燃等多种功能,本发明选用漂珠的粒度≤0.149毫米。
轻质氧化镁为白色轻质疏松无定型粉末,无臭无味,无毒。暴露在空气中极易吸收水分和二氧化碳,属于气硬性的胶结材料,本发明选用轻质氧化镁的粒度≤0.074毫米。
珍珠岩经膨胀而成为一种轻质、多功能新型材料,具有表观密度轻、导热系数低、化学稳定性好等特点,本发明选用膨胀珍珠岩的粒度≤0.25毫米。
蛭石经过高温焙烧后,其体积能迅速膨胀数倍至数十倍,体积膨胀后的蛭石叫膨胀蛭石,是世界上最轻的矿物之一,本发明膨胀蛭石的粒度≤0.149毫米。
无水硫酸亚铁是白色粉末,含结晶水的硫酸亚铁是浅绿色晶体,10%水溶液的硫酸亚铁对石蕊呈酸性,pH值约为3.7,在本发明中,硫酸亚铁用于调整玄武岩轻质通孔陶粒的pH值。
石灰又称生石灰,石灰具有较强的碱性,是一种以氧化钙为主要成分的气硬性无机胶凝材料,在本发明中,生石灰用于调整玄武岩轻质通孔陶粒的pH值,本发明选用生石灰的粒度≤0.074毫米。
本发明通过下述技术方案予以实现:
1、玄武岩轻质通孔陶粒的配料按重量百分比由下列组分组成:气孔状玄武岩15~55%、高粘凹凸棒石粘土10~30%、粉状玄武岩发泡剂5~15%、活性白土废渣2~10%、漂珠2~8%、轻质氧化镁0~5%、膨胀珍珠岩0.5~3%、膨胀蛭石0.5~3%、硫酸亚铁0~5%、生石灰0~5%和水5~35%。
2、玄武岩轻质通孔陶粒的生产方法:
⑴将玄武岩轻质通孔陶粒的配料输入已经运转的搅拌混合机中,搅拌混合为玄武岩轻质通孔陶粒的混合物;⑵将玄武岩轻质通孔陶粒的混合物输送到挤压造粒机中,挤压造粒为不同形状的玄武岩轻质通孔陶粒半成品;⑶将玄武岩轻质通孔陶粒半成品,输送到回转式烘干炉中进行烘干,烘干温度控制在150~250℃,烘干时间控制在1~4小时;⑷将烘干后的玄武岩轻质通孔陶粒半成品输送到回转式焙烧炉中焙烧,燃烧室的温度控制在900~950℃,焙烧时间控制在1~3小时;⑸将焙烧后的玄武岩轻质通孔陶粒半成品,输入不锈钢圆筒库中保温,保温时间控制在8~24小时;⑹将保温冷却后的玄武岩轻质通孔陶粒半成品输送到振动筛中进行筛分,筛分后密封包装为玄武岩轻质通孔陶粒成品;⑺挤压造粒为不同形状的玄武岩轻质通孔陶粒半成品,是指根据设计需要,分别挤压造粒为圆球形、圆柱形、梅花形的玄武岩轻质通孔陶粒半成品。
粉状玄武岩发泡剂是采用由本发明人于2013年06月07日申请的“粉状玄武岩发泡剂”,中国专利授权公告号为:CN 103274629B,授权公告日:2014年11月05日。
高粘凹凸棒石粘土具有独特的分散、耐高温、抗盐碱等良好的胶体性质和较高的吸附能力,并具有一定的可塑性及粘结力,高粘凹凸棒石粘土的动力粘度≥2200 mPa·s,附着力好,有利于原料之间的粘结,增加玄武岩轻质通孔陶粒的强度和吸附能力。
活性白土废渣在焙烧过程中,活性白土废渣内的脂类和有机质共同参加玄武岩轻质通孔陶粒的焙烧,提高了燃烧气流的热量,不但能节省能源,还有利于玄武岩轻质通孔陶粒的内部能完全烧透,增加玄武岩轻质通孔陶粒内部的孔隙率,以确保玄武岩轻质通孔陶粒的质量。
粉状玄武岩发泡剂在搅拌混合为玄武岩轻质通孔陶粒混合物时,将会产生一定量的气泡,有利于增加玄武岩轻质通孔陶粒表面和内部的孔隙率。
漂珠、轻质氧化镁、膨胀珍珠岩和膨胀蛭石能降低玄武岩轻质通孔陶粒的堆积密度,增加玄武岩轻质通孔陶粒表面和内部的孔隙率。
生石灰具有较强的碱性,不但可以调节玄武岩轻质通孔陶粒的pH值,还能增加玄武岩轻质通孔陶粒的强度。
挤压造粒后的玄武岩轻质通孔陶粒半成品含水率大于30%,直接输送到回转式焙烧炉中高温焙烧,在高温焙烧过程中,陶粒半成品的表面先开始烧结固化,而内部的水蒸汽很难快速蒸发出来,陶粒半成品将会产生爆裂,而且也不能将陶粒半成品内部烧透。
本发明先将玄武岩轻质通孔陶粒半成品输送到回转式烘干炉中缓慢进行烘干,烘干温度控制在150~250℃,再将烘干后的玄武岩轻质通孔陶粒半成品输送到回转式焙烧炉中焙烧,燃烧室的温度控制在900~950℃,可以确保在焙烧过程中将陶粒烧透,不会产生爆裂。
焙烧后的玄武岩轻质通孔陶粒半成品内在温度仍然高达700℃以上,将焙烧后的玄武岩轻质通孔陶粒半成品输入不锈钢圆筒库中保温,可以利用自身的余热,继续对玄武岩轻质通孔陶粒半成品均匀加热,不但能确保将玄武岩轻质通孔陶粒内部完全烧透,还能起到均匀散布热量的作用,提高玄武岩轻质通孔陶粒的内在质量。
玄武岩轻质通孔陶粒表面和内部有大量的微孔,是一种开口孔,开口孔不仅彼此贯通还与外界相通,玄武岩轻质通孔陶粒中心的大孔是一种通孔,有利于在焙烧过程中,能够将陶粒内部完全烧透,并能增加陶粒的有效比表面积、强度和降低堆积密度。
玄武岩轻质通孔陶粒的外观形状设计为圆球形、圆柱形、梅花形等多种形状,有利于增加玄武岩轻质通孔陶粒相互之间的空隙率和降低玄武岩轻质通孔陶粒的堆积密度。
玄武岩轻质通孔陶粒表面和内部有大量相互连通的微孔,放进水中将会迅速沉入水底,在吸入大量水分的同时,将玄武岩轻质通孔陶粒内部微孔中的空气置换出来。
虽然玄武岩轻质通孔陶粒的吸水率较高,即使吸水率≥80%时,玄武岩轻质通孔陶粒表面只是一种湿润的状态,并没有明显的水渗漏出来,将玄武岩轻质通孔陶粒堆积在一起,相互之间形成众多的空隙,透气性能好,玄武岩轻质通孔陶粒在干燥状态下没有粉尘,长年浸泡在水中也不会产生崩解。
玄武岩轻质通孔陶粒具有比表面积大、堆积密度小、吸水率高、透气性能优越、外观造型美观无异味、没有有害病菌、轻质强度好、微孔和大孔为一体的特点。
为了确保植物的正常生长发育,将水、液态的有机肥或无机肥喷洒在玄武岩轻质通孔陶粒中,也可以将玄武岩轻质通孔陶粒浸泡在水、有机肥或无机肥的溶液中,玄武岩轻质通孔陶粒吸收储存一定量的水或液态肥后取出,用于培育或种植各种苗木、花草和蔬菜时,植物的根部将会从玄武岩轻质通孔陶粒里吸收水或液态肥的营养成分,确保植物生长发育好,成活率高和寿命更长,并能大大减少补水的次数。
玄武岩轻质通孔陶粒适用于配制无土栽培基质和营养土。
附图说明
图1是圆球形玄武岩轻质通孔陶粒示意图,图2是圆球形玄武岩轻质通孔陶粒A-A剖面图;图3是圆柱形玄武岩轻质通孔陶粒示意图,图4是圆柱形玄武岩轻质通孔陶粒B-B剖面图;图5是梅花形玄武岩轻质通孔陶粒示意图,图6是梅花形玄武岩轻质通孔陶粒C-C剖面图。
如图所示:1是圆球形玄武岩轻质通孔陶粒的通孔,2是圆柱形玄武岩轻质通孔陶粒的通孔,3是梅花形玄武岩轻质通孔陶粒的通孔。
具体实施方式
下面结合实施例对本发明作进一步的描述:
1、玄武岩轻质通孔陶粒的配料按重量百分比由下列组分组成:气孔状玄武岩30%、高粘凹凸棒石粘土26%、粉状玄武岩发泡剂8%、活性白土废渣4%、漂珠4%、轻质氧化镁3%、膨胀珍珠岩1%、膨胀蛭石1%、硫酸亚铁1%、生石灰0%和水22%。
2、玄武岩轻质通孔陶粒的生产方法:⑴将玄武岩轻质通孔陶粒的配料输入已经运转的搅拌混合机中,搅拌混合为玄武岩轻质通孔陶粒的混合物;⑵将玄武岩轻质通孔陶粒的混合物输送到挤压造粒机中,挤压造粒为不同形状的玄武岩轻质通孔陶粒半成品;⑶将玄武岩轻质通孔陶粒半成品,输送到回转式烘干炉中进行烘干,烘干温度控制在200~220℃,烘干时间控制在2小时;⑷将烘干后的玄武岩轻质通孔陶粒半成品输送到回转式焙烧炉中焙烧,燃烧室的温度控制在940~950℃,焙烧时间控制在1小时;⑸将焙烧后的玄武岩轻质通孔陶粒半成品,输入不锈钢圆筒库中保温,保温时间控制在16小时;⑹将保温冷却后的玄武岩轻质通孔陶粒半成品输送到振动筛中进行筛分,筛分后密封包装为玄武岩轻质通孔陶粒成品;⑺挤压造粒为不同形状的玄武岩轻质通孔陶粒半成品,是指根据设计需要,挤压造粒为圆柱形玄武岩轻质通孔陶粒半成品。
圆柱形玄武岩轻质通孔陶粒平均堆积密度为700kg/m³,吸水率为84%。

Claims (3)

1.一种玄武岩轻质通孔陶粒,其特征在于,玄武岩轻质通孔陶粒的配料按重量百分比由下列组分组成:气孔状玄武岩15~55%、高粘凹凸棒石粘土10~30%、粉状玄武岩发泡剂5~15%、活性白土废渣2~10%、漂珠2~8%、轻质氧化镁0~5%、膨胀珍珠岩0.5~3%、膨胀蛭石0.5~3%、硫酸亚铁0~5%、生石灰0~5%和水5~35%。
2.根据权利要求1所述的玄武岩轻质通孔陶粒,其特征在于,气孔状玄武岩的粒度≤0.074毫米,高粘凹凸棒石粘土的粒度≤0.074毫米,粉状玄武岩发泡剂的粒度≤0.074毫米,活性白土废渣的粒度≤0.149毫米,漂珠的粒度≤0.149毫米,轻质氧化镁的粒度≤0.074毫米,膨胀珍珠岩的粒度≤0.25毫米,膨胀蛭石的粒度≤0.149毫米,生石灰的粒度≤0.074毫米。
3.根据权利要求1所述的玄武岩轻质通孔陶粒,其特征在于,玄武岩轻质通孔陶粒的生产方法:⑴将玄武岩轻质通孔陶粒的配料输入已经运转的搅拌混合机中,搅拌混合为玄武岩轻质通孔陶粒的混合物;⑵将玄武岩轻质通孔陶粒的混合物输送到挤压造粒机中,挤压造粒为不同形状的玄武岩轻质通孔陶粒半成品;⑶将玄武岩轻质通孔陶粒半成品,输送到回转式烘干炉中进行烘干,烘干温度控制在150~250℃,烘干时间控制在1~4小时;⑷将烘干后的玄武岩轻质通孔陶粒半成品输送到回转式焙烧炉中焙烧,燃烧室的温度控制在900~950℃,焙烧时间控制在1~3小时;⑸将焙烧后的玄武岩轻质通孔陶粒半成品,输入不锈钢圆筒库中保温,保温时间控制在8~24小时;⑹将保温冷却后的玄武岩轻质通孔陶粒半成品输送到振动筛中进行筛分,筛分后密封包装为玄武岩轻质通孔陶粒成品;⑺挤压造粒为不同形状的玄武岩轻质通孔陶粒半成品,是指根据设计需要,分别挤压造粒为圆球形、圆柱形、梅花形的玄武岩轻质通孔陶粒半成品。
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