CN100588816C - Construction method for horizontal drilling - Google Patents
Construction method for horizontal drilling Download PDFInfo
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- CN100588816C CN100588816C CN200710050509A CN200710050509A CN100588816C CN 100588816 C CN100588816 C CN 100588816C CN 200710050509 A CN200710050509 A CN 200710050509A CN 200710050509 A CN200710050509 A CN 200710050509A CN 100588816 C CN100588816 C CN 100588816C
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Abstract
The invention discloses a super-long and high-accurate horizontal boring construction plan. The plan is that a proper horizontal borer is used for driving a bit connected with a bore rod to turn to take cores and cut holes; a guiding device is used for controlling a decline rate; a slurry pump is used for pumping out the bore scraps generated in a boring process, so as to form a set-caliber super-long and high-accurate horizontal boring. The invention adopts a compound connection measure of combining a screw connection and a welding connection to connect the bore rod, guaranteeing the concentricity and sealing of the bore rod. When in a horizontal boring process, a freezing cut sealing and a freezer sealing are adopted. An area ranging from 8cm to 10cm is preserved as a safety layer in a tube-boring process on a concrete wall. And a strict deviation measuring and a deviation controlling are adopted to guarantee the construction safety. The form and improvement of the construction planof the invention experiences many tests, researches and improvements, and a horizontal frozen boring bored through the construction plan of the invention can be provided with a high accuracy even whena construction horizontal length is too long.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the tunnel construction technology field, relate in particular to the preceding overlength of a kind of tunnel horizontal frozen, the job practices of high-precision horizontal drilling.
Background technology
In the process of city underground engineering such as subway tunnel construction, the ground in the tunnel is met the easily softening disintegration of water electrode, and self-stability is poor, and quicksand even landslide incident easily take place in the construction, causes security incident, influences traffic above-ground and building simultaneously.In order to ensure construction safety, reduce influence to surrounding enviroment, need before construction, carry out pre-consolidation process to the ground in the tunnel.At present; usually the pre-reinforcement means that adopts is to adopt the horizontal frozen construction; promptly earlier at tunnel arranged around horizontal frozen hole; and the hypothermic saline that in the hole, circulates; near the water bearing ground of freezing hole is frozen; formation intensity height, the frost wall that closure is good are freezing curtain, carry out tunnel excavation then under the protection of frost wall.The precision of horizontal drilling is directly connected to time and the intensity that freezing curtain forms, and whether be related to frozen construction safe and reliable.But because the nearest more than ten years of this method just begin to be applied in China's city underground engineering, do not form ripe high-precision horizontal drilling job practices, in the construction of overlength horizontal drilling, usually because the precision of its horizontal drilling is not high, the terminal poor effect of freezing, and then jeopardize the safety of construction.
Summary of the invention
The objective of the invention is to overcome the not high problem of existing borehole accuracy in the existing overlength horizontal drilling construction, the job practices of a kind of overlength, high-precision horizontal drilling is provided.
In order to realize above purpose, the present invention has taked following technical scheme:
A kind of overlength, high-precision horizontal drilling job practices, comprise that selecting for use the drill bit that is connected on the horizontal drill drive drilling rod to rotate gets the core perforate, use guiding device control deviation proportion, pump the drilling cuttings of output in the boring procedure with slush pump, to form overlength, the high-precision horizontal drilling of specifying bore, its concrete step is:
(1) selects horizontal drill and drilling tool
The drill bit of selecting suitable horizontal drill to be used to drive on the drilling rod to be connected according to the length of horizontal frozen hole rotates gets the core perforate, can select to be suitable for long moment of torsion and reach 3500kN.m apart from horizontal drilling, feed power 160kN, the adit rig of rotating speed 60,85,125r/min; When active well concrete wall is passed through in boring, adopt the diamond engineering rig to replace underground drill rig to get the core perforate.
Selected drill bit is established the guiding of one way valve in being and is crept into special-purpose ramp type drill bit, comprehensive drill bit of standby three wings scraper type and the leading starter of spiral.
Adopt cryovial as drilling rod, be welded with one way valve and sealing plug in it, special joint is by steel pipe car system.In the horizontal drilling construction process of long distance, the shape of freezing pipe connecting filament mouth also is directly connected to the quality that drilling rod connects, for guaranteeing quality of connection, after processing and STUDY ON THE WELDING in construction to the freezing pipe thread, the silk mouth of having determined seam crossing is shaped as " V " type, the travel track of welding rod has been controlled in the strictness of " V " type groove, can limit it and swing, energy better seal seam; Change all thick be " public thin female thick " at the bottom of the connecting thread box and pin, this pattern can effectively improve fastness and the seal that freezing pipe connects, and also improves the resistance to torsion of freezing pipe simultaneously, and this horizontal frozen pipe for overlength sets the effect highly significant.
For guaranteeing the precision of horizontal drilling, effectively control deviation proportion, the guide instrument device of selecting directional drilling for use is in the end of drill bit, with drill bit acting in conjunction superconduction to effect, guarantee correction in time in the drilling process.Be DITRACK directional drilling guide instrument than having selected model by analysis.
(2) jointed rod
Because the good concentricity of screwed connection, and sealing effectiveness that is welded to connect and good reliability, but concentricity is relatively poor, easily causes hole scattering, so long the construction apart from horizontal drilling adopts screwed connection to add the comprehensive connected mode jointed rod that is welded to connect, with concentricity and the sealing effectiveness of guaranteeing drilling rod.
(3) horizontal frozen hole construction
1. freeze the aperture sealing
During level is crept into, may gush out along the aperture behind the silt particle pressurized behind the wall, cause land subsidence easily.So will strengthen monitoring in creeping into, adopt the mode of slow-speed F.F., reduce ground disturbance as far as possible; Add port seal in creeping into, prevent unexpected water burst, gush sand, port seal comprises orifice tube, aperture gate valve, ball valve and seal box; With accelerated cement the aperture is sealed behind the pore-forming, reduced open-assembly time.
2. the sealing of frigo
Adopt with pipe bit in the horizontal drilling construction, drill rod end is uncovered, therefore, creeps into to design attitude and cleans immediately, and one way valve sealing plug is set behind the employing drill bit, plays the tight sealing of twisting when dextrorotation, and drilling rod withdraws from during derotation, and the freezing hole end is sealed.
3. horizontal drilling construction
A, measuring freezing pipe position: adopt transit, with relative coordinate measuring freezing pipe position, perforate hole position allowable variation ± 50mm.
B, the position perforate of concrete wall pipe: portable core drill boring is adopted in perforate, reserves 8～10cm as safe floor.
C, bury, install opening arrangement underground: opening arrangement comprises orifice tube, aperture gate valve, ball valve and seal box, orifice tube is buried the pitch angle degree underground and is controlled at about 1～2 °, the orientation is reserved the back and is fixed on the end wall wall with pull bar and expansion bolt, prevents to creep into middle loose shift.Orifice tube fixes the back and connects ball valve and seal box with bolt.
4. secondary perforate: with spark concrete wall is remained safe floor and punch.The secondary perforate should be carried out the aperture consolidation grouting as sand, water burst phenomenon occurring gushing.
5. bit change-over and hand-hole azimuth and face upward (bowing) angle and transfer to survey: after the secondary perforate, take off diamond bit, the drilling tool that assembles is connected with reducing joint (screw terminal) on the drill power head output shaft.
Influenced by the drilling tool deadweight, the drilling tool front end can produce sagging; And drilling tool turns clockwise, and produces dextrorotation power, can cause hole scattering, and therefore given hand-hole horizontal azimuth is that compensation is crept into deflection, realized one of measure of correction with facing upward (bowing) angle.
The boring perforate azimuth=upright parallactic angle degree of freezing pipe design ± creep into correction horizontal angle
(bowing) angle ± creep into correction vertical angle is faced upward in the boring perforate elevation angle=design
In conjunction with the physical condition of engineering, creep into the correction horizontal angle in the horizontal drilling construction and get 0～± 0.4 °, to creep into correction vertical angle arch and get 0.1～0.3 °, the bottom is got 0～0.1 °.
6. creep into: in even soil layer, be advisable keeping creeping into fast, in hard-soft heterogeneous ground, take the low pressure slow-speed, the drilling method of fast feed.And the orientation with drilling correction, the principle of utilizing the swash plate horizontal sliding to lead by guide instrument record angle excursion, is inferred skew direction, determines the definite afterburning propelling of swash plate angle constantly by guide instrument simultaneously, can return the brill horizontal sliding do short distance in case of necessity.
7. whole hole slip casting: in creeping into, because the swing of drill bit, the centrifugal force of drilling rod (pipe) inertia rotation, flushing liquor washes away and destruction the inhomogeneous of hole wall, the deposition of drilling cuttings etc., may cause freezing pipe underground be in unsettled, following, on stressed extremely inhomogeneous state such as pressure, even have the dynamic pressure that is subjected to formation collapse to threaten, so need carry out grouting filling.Grouting serous fluid adopts mixed pulp, and its proportioning is a cement: water: swell soil=400～500: 1000: 25～50.Loop slurry began to change into mixed pulp when freezing hole was holed to 68～70m, hole depth is to projected depth, stop to creep into, return the slurry situation according to the aperture and close the orifice tube backwater valve gradually, continue mud jacking, grouting pressure is higher than pump pressure 0.2～0.4MPa when normally creeping into, and absolute pump pressure must not surpass 2.5MPa, moment pump pressure must not surpass 2.8MPa.In about 8 hours of the initial setting time of mixed serum, can carry out the additional slip casting in aperture in 20 hours behind the whole hole.By the slip casting of whole hole, reached " filling and injecting slurry " double effects with compaction grouting, make steel pipe, soil layer, the slurry Trinity, be in a kind of metastable state, effectively controlled surface settlement, underground freezing pipe is played a good protection.
8. clear hole: the slip casting of whole hole is in time washed pipe with clear water after finishing, and guarantees not have in the pipe cement paste precipitation and caking, prevents from the sealing plug is impacted.Clear water is washed pipe and is adopted the interpolation pipe refluence to clean, and is about to high pressure clear water pipe and is inserted to hole rising pouring water, flows out from the aperture.
9. the sealing plug is installed: after finish in clear hole, the sealing plug is installed.The hole outside, plug is installed on the drilling rod earlier, change advance at the bottom of the hole after the counter-rotating installation withdraw from drilling rod simultaneously.
10. hydraulic pressure leak test: at the bottom of the installing hole behind the sealing plug seal to whole freezing pipe detect.Detect and adopt the water filling pressure testing, water injection pressure 1.0MPa, preceding 30 minutes pressure descends and is no more than 0.05MPa, and it is qualified that voltage stabilizing in back 15 minutes is not reduced to.
(4) circulation of the flushing liquor in the horizontal drilling process
In horizontal drilling process, must rely on flushing liquor to circulate to guarantee the stable of hole wall in the drilling process, reduce the frictional resistance of drilling rod and stratum in the drilling process, guarantee into cell size.Draw through engineer testing, the long employing apart from its flushing liquor of horizontal drilling received base bentonite and U.S.'s import polymer and prepared, its proportioning is: water: swell soil: cellulose=1000: 40: 8, must guarantee the normal of the quality of mud fluid and the circulating system in creeping into, pump pressure should be controlled at 0.6～1.0MPa, and should not surpass 1.0MPa, the pump amount should not be greater than 30L/min.
(5) deviational survey and deflection control
The deflection of freezing pipe directly influences the precision of pore-forming, and time and intensity that the precision direct relation freezing curtain of horizontal drilling forms concern whether frozen construction is safe and reliable.The deflection of freezing pipe is controlled in necessary for this reason strictness, guarantees the precision of pore-forming, with being perfectly safe that plan is freezed.
Deviational survey adopts new instrument horizontal gyro deviational survey and two kinds of methods of level gauge light deviational survey.Can directly read the azimuth and the pitch angle of relative variation from electronic display when horizontal gyro is work, corresponding its hole depth adopts cumulative calculation can draw the relativity shift value of point position:
Δ f: n measuring point offset vector played in the aperture, the m of unit
l
n: n measuring point travel distance, the m of unit
Transit light deviational survey is comparatively directly perceived, accurate.Transit is stood on the axis of design position, hole near the aperture, read through, latitude initial value, reflective target is placed certain depth in the pipe, warp, latitude final value when reading transit and seeing light target, according to the measuring point hole depth with can calculate this and put relative deviant through, latitude changing value:
Δf＝sinΔα·L
Δ f: measuring point offset vector, m
Δ α: transit measuring point longitude (latitude) changing value, °
L: the measuring point degree of depth, m
Adopt following measure that the deflection of boring is prevented and controlled:
1. will at first determine the horizontal bore angle of good rig before creeping into perforate, the freezing pipe drilling direction is controlled in the measures such as orifice tube, guide pipe, sealed tube that add after the freezing hole perforate; The track of lateral deviation is Z=kX+s, can accurately determine to creep into the correction value, determines the horizontal bore angle of creeping into following formula then:
Correction angle, design azimuth, boring perforate azimuth (horizontal angle)=freezing pipe ± creep into
2. for the determining of the elevation angle, should tentatively calculate the hole scattering amount, draw and drilling track that the length of holing adapts that general normal trajectories is a parabola, i.e. Y=aX according to the gross weight of creeping into length and drilling tool
2+ bX+c can determine to creep in the different rocks the required elevation angle by adjusting a value in creeping into, and suitably raise drilling rod by the elevation angle of determining, and make the unlikely off-axis of boring final position too big, prevent that freezing pipe is to the excavated section deflection, cause frozen soil to enter waste footpath too much, excavation frozen soil amount increases.
Correction angle, design azimuth, boring perforate azimuth (elevation angle)=freezing pipe ± creep into
3. in drilling process, the pressure of the drill, the drilling speed that adapt with it according to different country rocks and different employings such as underground water content are controlled with this and to be crept into deflection;
4. in the drilling process to processing such as hard-soft heterogeneous ground karst cavity and underground artesian waters: for taking the low pressure slow-speed in hard-soft heterogeneous ground karst cavity, the drilling method of fast feed is handled more;
5. underground artesian water is caused the processing of deflection: run in construction that this class problem adopts low pump pressure, the little water yield, low-rotate speed, and the reinforced hole mouth sealing device more, reduce underground water and sand flow goes out as far as possible; When perforate, the concrete wall of residual 6～8cm is answered in perforate in addition, and the back-water valve (BWV) of orifice tube will be turned flow down as far as possible.
Compared with prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects as follows: the present invention is by in construction after the processing and STUDY ON THE WELDING to the freezing pipe thread, the silk mouth of having determined seam crossing is shaped as " V " type, the travel track of welding rod has been controlled in the strictness of " V " type groove, can limit it and swing, energy better seal seam; Change all thick be " public thin female thick " at the bottom of the connecting thread box and pin, this pattern can effectively improve fastness and the seal that freezing pipe connects, and also improves the resistance to torsion of freezing pipe simultaneously, and this horizontal frozen pipe for overlength sets the effect highly significant.The comprehensive connected mode jointed rod that has adopted screwed connection to add to be welded to connect has been guaranteed the concentricity and the sealing effectiveness of drilling rod.Mouthful a sealing and a frigo seal approach in the process that level is crept into, have been taked to freeze, to prevent emergent water burst, to gush the sand phenomenon; Reserve 8～10cm during concrete wall pipe position perforate as safe floor, take strict deviational survey and deflection control measure in the work progress, to guarantee working security.And adopted and received flushing liquor cyclic flusher that base bentonite and U.S.'s import polymer formulation form, guaranteed into cell size, the stability of hole wall in the assurance drilling process to reduce the frictional resistance of drilling rod and stratum in the drilling process.Job practices of the present invention is through repeatedly process test research and construction improvement form and be perfect, under the situation of construction depth overlength (reaching 75m), still can reach high precision (5 ‰) according to the freezing hole that job practices of the present invention set, guaranteed the intensity of freezing quality and frost wall of horizontal frozen construction, effective strengthening stratum is guaranteed being perfectly safe and the safety of underground utilities, surrounding building and road traffic in the tunnel excavation process.In the tunnel excavation process tunnel top sedimentation and deformation and horizontal convergence the distortion all little, after constructing tunnel was finished, frozen soil thawed naturally to tie extremely and returns to reset condition.
The specific embodiment
Below in conjunction with specific embodiment the present invention is described in further detail.
Embodiment
With the construction of the overlength horizontal drilling in the pre-strengthening stratum engineering in certain underground tunnel is example, it is 3500kN.m that this project is selected moment of torsion for use, feed power 160kN, rotating speed 60,85, the HW-4 type adit rig of 125r/min, drive connected on the drilling rod in establish one way valve guiding creep into special-purpose ramp type drill bit and rotate and get the core perforate, select for use BW-250/70 type slush pump to pump the drilling cuttings of output in the boring procedure, and to select model for use be the end of the directional drilling guide instrument device of DITRACK at drill bit, play the guiding role jointly with drill bit, guarantee correction in time in the drilling process, finally form overlength, high-precision horizontal drilling.
The drilling rod that is adopted is the cryovial of φ 108 * 8mm, and the silk mouth of its seam crossing is shaped as " V " type, by steel tube place's car system, changes all thick be " public affairs approach female thick " at the bottom of the connecting thread box and pin, is welded with one way valve and sealing plug in the drilling rod.Drilling rod adopts the comprehensive connected mode of screwed connection and welded seal, to guarantee its concentricity and sealing.
Concrete drilling process
1. freeze the aperture sealing
Strengthen monitoring in creeping into, adopt the mode of slow-speed F.F., reduce ground disturbance as far as possible; Add port seal in creeping into, prevent unexpected water burst, gush sand, port seal comprises orifice tube, aperture gate valve, ball valve and seal box; With accelerated cement the aperture is sealed behind the pore-forming, reduced open-assembly time.
2. the sealing of frigo
Adopt with pipe bit in the construction, drill rod end is uncovered, creeps into to design attitude and cleans immediately, transfers end seal.This engineering freezing hole end seal is provided with one way valve sealing plug after adopting drill bit, plays the tight sealing of twisting when dextrorotation, and drilling rod withdraws from during derotation, and the freezing hole end is sealed.
3. horizontal drilling construction
A, measuring freezing pipe position: adopt transit, with relative coordinate measuring freezing pipe position, perforate hole position allowable variation ± 50mm.
B, the position perforate of concrete wall pipe: portable core drill boring, aperture φ 160mm are adopted in perforate.The concrete wall perforate is not once punched, and reserves 8～10cm as safe floor.
C, bury, install opening arrangement underground: opening arrangement comprises orifice tube, aperture gate valve, ball valve and seal box.Orifice tube adopts φ 156 * 11mm steel pipe, buries the pitch angle degree underground and is controlled at about 1～2 °, and the orientation is reserved the back and is fixed on the end wall wall with pull bar and expansion bolt, prevents to creep into middle loose shift.Orifice tube fixes the back and connects ball valve and seal box with bolt.
4. secondary perforate: with φ 120mm spark concrete wall is remained safe floor and punch.The secondary perforate should be carried out the aperture consolidation grouting as sand, water burst phenomenon occurring gushing.
5. bit change-over and hand-hole azimuth and face upward (bowing) angle and transfer to survey: after the secondary perforate, take off diamond bit, the drilling tool that assembles is connected with reducing joint (screw terminal) on the unit head output shaft of making a connection.
Creep into the correction horizontal angle in the horizontal drilling construction and get 0～± 0.4 °, creep into correction vertical angle arch and get 0.1～0.3 °, the bottom is got 0～0.1 °.
6. creep into: in even soil layer, be advisable keeping creeping into fast, in hard-soft heterogeneous ground, take the low pressure slow-speed, the drilling method of fast feed.Creep into and answer orientation with drilling to rectify a deviation, correction utilizes the principle of swash plate horizontal sliding guiding, by guide instrument record angle excursion, infers skew direction, determines definite afterburning the propelling constantly of swash plate angle by guide instrument simultaneously, can return the brill horizontal sliding do short distance in case of necessity.
7. the slip casting of whole hole: grouting serous fluid adopts mixed pulp, and its proportioning is a cement: water: swell soil=400～500: 1000: 25～50.Loop slurry began to change into mixed pulp when freezing hole was holed to 68～70m, hole depth is to projected depth, stop to creep into and return the slurry situation according to the aperture and close the orifice tube backwater valve gradually, continue mud jacking, grouting pressure is higher than pump pressure 0.2～0.4MPa when normally creeping into, absolute pump pressure must not surpass 2.5MPa, moment pump pressure must not surpass 2.8MPa.In about 8 hours of the initial setting time of mixed serum, can carry out the additional slip casting in aperture in 20 hours behind the whole hole.By the slip casting of whole hole, reached " filling and injecting slurry " double effects with compaction grouting, make steel pipe, soil layer, the slurry Trinity, be in a kind of metastable state, effectively controlled surface settlement, underground freezing pipe is played a good protection.
8. clear hole: the slip casting of whole hole is in time washed pipe with clear water after finishing, and guarantees not have in the pipe cement paste precipitation and caking, prevents from the sealing plug is impacted.Clear water is washed pipe and is adopted the interpolation pipe refluence to clean, and is about to high pressure clear water pipe and is inserted to hole rising pouring water, flows out from the aperture.
9. the sealing plug is installed: after finish in clear hole, the sealing plug is installed.The hole outside, plug is installed on the drilling rod earlier, change advance at the bottom of the hole after the counter-rotating installation withdraw from drilling rod simultaneously.
10. hydraulic pressure leak test: adopt the water filling pressure testing that the seal of whole freezing pipe is detected behind the sealing plug at the bottom of the installing hole, water injection pressure 1.0MPa, preceding 30 minutes pressure descends and is no more than 0.05MPa, and it is qualified that voltage stabilizing in back 15 minutes is not reduced to.
The circulation of the flushing liquor in the horizontal drilling process
In horizontal drilling process, adopt and to receive flushing liquor cyclic flusher that base bentonite and U.S.'s import polymer formulation form and guarantee the stable of hole wall in the drilling process, reduce the frictional resistance of drilling rod and stratum in the drilling process, guarantee into cell size.The proportioning of flushing liquor is: water: swell soil: cellulose=1000: 40: 8.For guaranteeing to creep into the normal of the middle quality of mud fluid and the circulating system, pump pressure should be controlled at 0.6～1.0MPa, and should not surpass 1.0MPa, and the pump amount should not be greater than 30L/min.
Deviational survey and deflection control
Deviational survey adopts new instrument horizontal gyro deviational survey and two kinds of methods of level gauge light deviational survey.Horizontal gyro be Beijing one tame explore the novel profound formula digital implementation that shakes developed of comprehensive gyroscope and electromagentic resonance principle, can directly read the azimuth and the pitch angle of relative variation from electronic display during work, corresponding its hole depth adopts cumulative calculation can draw the relativity shift value of point position:
Δ f: n measuring point offset vector, m are played in the aperture
l
n: n measuring point travel distance, m
Transit light deviational survey is comparatively directly perceived, accurate.Transit is stood on the axis of design position, hole near the aperture, read through, latitude initial value, reflective target is placed certain depth in the pipe, warp, latitude final value when reading transit and seeing light target, according to the measuring point hole depth with can calculate this and put relative deviant through, latitude changing value:
Δf＝sinΔα·L
Δ f: measuring point offset vector, m
Δ α: transit measuring point longitude (latitude) changing value, °
L: the measuring point degree of depth, m
Adopt following measure that the deflection of boring is prevented and controlled:
1. at first determine the horizontal bore angle of good rig before creeping into perforate, the freezing pipe drilling direction is controlled in the measures such as orifice tube, guide pipe, sealed tube that add after the freezing hole perforate; The track of lateral deviation is Z=kX+s, can accurately determine to creep into the correction value, determines the horizontal bore angle of creeping into following formula then:
Correction angle, design azimuth, boring perforate azimuth (horizontal angle)=freezing pipe ± creep into
2. for the determining of the elevation angle, should tentatively calculate the hole scattering amount, draw and drilling track that the length of holing adapts that general normal trajectories is a parabola, i.e. Y=aX according to the gross weight of creeping into length and drilling tool
2+ bX+c can determine to creep in the different rocks the required elevation angle by adjusting a value in creeping into, and suitably raise drilling rod by the elevation angle of determining, and make the unlikely off-axis of boring final position too big, prevent that freezing pipe is to the excavated section deflection, cause frozen soil to enter waste footpath too much, excavation frozen soil amount increases.
Correction angle, design azimuth, boring perforate azimuth (elevation angle)=freezing pipe ± creep into
3. in drilling process, the pressure of the drill, the drilling speed that adapt with it according to different country rocks and different employings such as underground water content are controlled with this and to be crept into deflection;
4. in the drilling process to processing such as hard-soft heterogeneous ground karst cavity and underground artesian waters: for taking the low pressure slow-speed in hard-soft heterogeneous ground karst cavity, the drilling method of fast feed is handled more;
5. underground artesian water is caused the processing of deflection: run in construction that this class problem adopts low pump pressure, the little water yield, low-rotate speed, and the reinforced hole mouth sealing device more, reduce underground water and sand flow goes out as far as possible; When perforate, the concrete wall of residual 6～8cm is answered in perforate in addition, and the back-water valve (BWV) of orifice tube will be turned flow down as far as possible.
This engineering is improved through process test research and construction, forms and perfect city underground engineering horizontal drilling technology, has realized setting of domestic the longest horizontal frozen hole with high precision (5 ‰), obtains important breakthrough.
Claims (1)
1, a kind of horizontal drilling job practices is characterized in that may further comprise the steps:
(1) selects horizontal drill and drilling tool
The drill bit of selecting suitable adit rig to be used to drive on the drilling rod to be connected according to the length of horizontal frozen hole rotates gets the core perforate, and described drill bit is established the guiding of one way valve in being and crept into special-purpose ramp type drill bit, and its end fitting has the directional drilling guide instrument; The silk mouth of described drilling rod seam crossing is shaped as " V " type, is welded with one way valve and sealing plug in the drilling rod;
(2) jointed rod
Adopt screwed connection to add the comprehensive connected mode jointed rod that is welded to connect;
(3) horizontal frozen hole construction
1. freeze the aperture sealing
Strengthen monitoring in creeping into, adopt the mode of slow-speed F.F., reduce ground disturbance as far as possible; Add port seal and prevent unexpected water burst, gush sand in creeping into, described port seal comprises orifice tube, aperture gate valve, ball valve and seal box; With accelerated cement the aperture is sealed behind the pore-forming, reduced open-assembly time;
2. the sealing of frigo
Adopt with pipe bit in the horizontal drilling construction, drill rod end is uncovered, creep into to design attitude and clean immediately, transferring end seal seals the freezing hole end, described end seal is provided with one way valve and sealing plug after adopting drill bit, play the tight sealing of twisting when dextrorotation, drilling rod withdraws from during derotation;
3. horizontal drilling construction
A, measuring freezing pipe position: adopt transit, with relative coordinate measuring freezing pipe position, perforate hole position allowable variation ± 50mm;
B, the position perforate of concrete wall pipe: portable core drill boring is adopted in perforate, reserves 8～10cm as safe floor;
C, bury, install opening arrangement underground: opening arrangement comprises orifice tube, aperture gate valve, ball valve and seal box, orifice tube is buried the pitch angle degree underground and is controlled at 1～2 °, the orientation is reserved the back and is fixed on the end wall wall with pull bar and expansion bolt, prevent to creep into middle loose shift, orifice tube fixes the back and connects ball valve and seal box with bolt;
4. secondary perforate: with spark concrete wall is remained safe floor and punch, as sand, water burst phenomenon occur gushing, should carry out the aperture consolidation grouting;
5. bit change-over and hand-hole azimuth, face upward/angle of depression transfer to survey: after the secondary perforate, take off diamond bit,
The drilling tool that assembles is connected with reducing joint on the drill power head output shaft; Creep into the correction horizontal angle in the horizontal drilling construction and get 0～± 0.4 °, creep into correction vertical angle arch and get 0.1～0.3 °, the bottom is got 0～0.1 °;
6. creep into: evenly keeping creeping into fast in the soil layer, in hard-soft heterogeneous ground, take the drilling method of low pressure slow-speed, fast feed, and utilize the principle orientation with drilling of swash plate horizontal sliding guiding to rectify a deviation, by guide instrument record angle excursion, infer skew direction, determine definite afterburning the propelling constantly of swash plate angle by guide instrument simultaneously;
7. the slip casting of whole hole: grouting serous fluid adopts mixed pulp, its proportioning is a cement: water: swell soil=400～500: 1000: 25～50, loop slurry began to change into mixed pulp when freezing hole was holed to 68～70m, hole depth stops to creep into to projected depth, returns the slurry situation according to the aperture and closes the orifice tube backwater valve gradually, continue mud jacking, grouting pressure is higher than pump pressure 0.2～0.4MPa when normally creeping into, and absolute pump pressure must not surpass 2.5MPa, moment pump pressure must not surpass 2.8MPa; In about 8 hours of the initial setting time of mixed serum, can carry out the additional slip casting in aperture in 20 hours behind the whole hole;
8. clear hole: the slip casting of whole hole is in time washed pipe with clear water after finishing, and guarantees not have in the pipe cement paste precipitation and caking, prevent from the sealing plug is impacted, described clear water is washed pipe and is adopted the interpolation pipe refluence to clean, and is about to high pressure clear water pipe and is inserted to hole rising pouring water, flows out from the aperture;
9. the sealing plug is installed: clear hole is finished the back sealing plug is installed, and the hole outside plug is installed on the drilling rod earlier, change advance at the bottom of the hole after the counter-rotating installation withdraw from drilling rod simultaneously;
10. hydraulic pressure leak test: adopt the water filling pressure testing that the seal of whole freezing pipe is detected behind the sealing plug at the bottom of the installing hole, water injection pressure 1.0MPa, preceding 30 minutes pressure descends and is no more than 0.05MPa, and voltage stabilizing in back 15 minutes is not fallen;
(4) circulation of the flushing liquor in the horizontal drilling process
In horizontal drilling process, must rely on flushing liquor to circulate to guarantee the stable of hole wall in the drilling process, the frictional resistance on drilling rod and stratum in the minimizing drilling process, guarantee into cell size, flushing liquor is formulated for receiving base bentonite and cellulosic polymer, and its proportioning is: water: swell soil: cellulose=1000: 40: 8 must guarantee the normal of the quality of mud fluid and the circulating system in creeping into, pump pressure is controlled at 0.6～1.0MPa, pump amount≤30L/min;
(5) deviational survey and deflection control
1. adopt horizontal gyro deviational survey and two kinds of method deviational surveys of level gauge light deviational survey
Can directly read the azimuth and the pitch angle of relative variation from electronic display during horizontal gyro work, corresponding its hole depth adopts cumulative calculation can draw the relativity shift value of point position:
Δ f: n measuring point offset vector played in the aperture, the m of unit
N measuring point azimuth or pitch angle reading, unit °
l
n: n measuring point travel distance, the m of unit
Transit is stood on the axis of design position, hole near the aperture, read through, latitude initial value, reflective target is placed certain depth in the pipe, warp, latitude final value when reading transit and seeing light target, according to the measuring point hole depth with can calculate this and put relative deviant through, latitude changing value:
Δf＝sinΔα·L
Δ f: measuring point offset vector, m
Δ α: transit measuring point longitude (latitude) changing value, °
L: the measuring point degree of depth, m
2. adopt following measure that the deflection of boring is prevented and controlled:
A, creep into the horizontal bore angle of at first determining good rig before the perforate, add orifice tube, guide pipe, sealed tube after the freezing hole perforate and control the freezing pipe drilling direction; The track of lateral deviation is Z=kX+s, can accurately determine to creep into the correction value, determines the horizontal bore angle of creeping into following formula then:
Correction angle, design azimuth, boring perforate azimuth (horizontal angle)=freezing pipe ± creep into
Determining of b, the elevation angle tentatively calculated the hole scattering amount according to the gross weight of creeping into length and drilling tool, draws and drilling track that the length of holing adapts, and normal trajectories is a parabola, i.e. Y=aX
2+ bX+c can determine to creep in the different rocks the required elevation angle by adjusting a value in creeping into, and suitably raise drilling rod by the elevation angle of determining, and make the unlikely off-axis of boring final position, prevent that freezing pipe is to the excavated section deflection, cause frozen soil to enter waste footpath, excavation frozen soil amount increases;
Correction angle, design azimuth, boring perforate azimuth (elevation angle)=freezing pipe ± creep into
C, in drilling process, adopt the pressure of the drill, the drilling speed that adapts with it according to different country rocks and different underground water content, control with this and creep into deflection;
In d, the drilling process to the processing of hard-soft heterogeneous ground karst cavity and underground artesian water: take the low pressure slow-speed for hard-soft heterogeneous ground karst cavity, the drilling method of fast feed is handled;
E, underground artesian water caused the processing of deflection: adopt low pump pressure, the little water yield, low-rotate speed, and the reinforced hole mouth sealing device, reduce underground water and sand flow and go out, when perforate, the concrete wall that perforate should residual 6～8cm, the back-water valve (BWV) of orifice tube will be turned flow down.
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