CN100573052C - 编码器 - Google Patents

编码器 Download PDF

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CN100573052C
CN100573052C CNB2004100951022A CN200410095102A CN100573052C CN 100573052 C CN100573052 C CN 100573052C CN B2004100951022 A CNB2004100951022 A CN B2004100951022A CN 200410095102 A CN200410095102 A CN 200410095102A CN 100573052 C CN100573052 C CN 100573052C
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CN1645058A (zh
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拉法埃莱·蒙塔尼奥尼
达尼埃莱·福雷斯蒂耶罗
安杰洛·维尼奥托
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    • GPHYSICS
    • G01MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01PMEASURING LINEAR OR ANGULAR SPEED, ACCELERATION, DECELERATION, OR SHOCK; INDICATING PRESENCE, ABSENCE, OR DIRECTION, OF MOVEMENT
    • G01P3/00Measuring linear or angular speed; Measuring differences of linear or angular speeds
    • G01P3/42Devices characterised by the use of electric or magnetic means
    • G01P3/44Devices characterised by the use of electric or magnetic means for measuring angular speed
    • G01P3/443Devices characterised by the use of electric or magnetic means for measuring angular speed mounted in bearings
    • GPHYSICS
    • G01MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01DMEASURING NOT SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR A SPECIFIC VARIABLE; ARRANGEMENTS FOR MEASURING TWO OR MORE VARIABLES NOT COVERED IN A SINGLE OTHER SUBCLASS; TARIFF METERING APPARATUS; MEASURING OR TESTING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • G01D5/00Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16CSHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
    • F16C33/00Parts of bearings; Special methods for making bearings or parts thereof
    • F16C33/72Sealings
    • F16C33/723Shaft end sealing means, e.g. cup-shaped caps or covers
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16CSHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
    • F16C41/00Other accessories, e.g. devices integrated in the bearing not relating to the bearing function as such
    • F16C41/007Encoders, e.g. parts with a plurality of alternating magnetic poles
    • GPHYSICS
    • G01MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01DMEASURING NOT SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR A SPECIFIC VARIABLE; ARRANGEMENTS FOR MEASURING TWO OR MORE VARIABLES NOT COVERED IN A SINGLE OTHER SUBCLASS; TARIFF METERING APPARATUS; MEASURING OR TESTING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • G01D11/00Component parts of measuring arrangements not specially adapted for a specific variable
    • G01D11/30Supports specially adapted for an instrument; Supports specially adapted for a set of instruments
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16CSHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
    • F16C19/00Bearings with rolling contact, for exclusively rotary movement
    • F16C19/02Bearings with rolling contact, for exclusively rotary movement with bearing balls essentially of the same size in one or more circular rows
    • F16C19/14Bearings with rolling contact, for exclusively rotary movement with bearing balls essentially of the same size in one or more circular rows for both radial and axial load
    • F16C19/18Bearings with rolling contact, for exclusively rotary movement with bearing balls essentially of the same size in one or more circular rows for both radial and axial load with two or more rows of balls
    • F16C19/181Bearings with rolling contact, for exclusively rotary movement with bearing balls essentially of the same size in one or more circular rows for both radial and axial load with two or more rows of balls with angular contact
    • F16C19/183Bearings with rolling contact, for exclusively rotary movement with bearing balls essentially of the same size in one or more circular rows for both radial and axial load with two or more rows of balls with angular contact with two rows at opposite angles
    • F16C19/184Bearings with rolling contact, for exclusively rotary movement with bearing balls essentially of the same size in one or more circular rows for both radial and axial load with two or more rows of balls with angular contact with two rows at opposite angles in O-arrangement
    • F16C19/185Bearings with rolling contact, for exclusively rotary movement with bearing balls essentially of the same size in one or more circular rows for both radial and axial load with two or more rows of balls with angular contact with two rows at opposite angles in O-arrangement with two raceways provided integrally on a part other than a race ring, e.g. a shaft or housing
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16CSHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
    • F16C19/00Bearings with rolling contact, for exclusively rotary movement
    • F16C19/02Bearings with rolling contact, for exclusively rotary movement with bearing balls essentially of the same size in one or more circular rows
    • F16C19/14Bearings with rolling contact, for exclusively rotary movement with bearing balls essentially of the same size in one or more circular rows for both radial and axial load
    • F16C19/18Bearings with rolling contact, for exclusively rotary movement with bearing balls essentially of the same size in one or more circular rows for both radial and axial load with two or more rows of balls
    • F16C19/181Bearings with rolling contact, for exclusively rotary movement with bearing balls essentially of the same size in one or more circular rows for both radial and axial load with two or more rows of balls with angular contact
    • F16C19/183Bearings with rolling contact, for exclusively rotary movement with bearing balls essentially of the same size in one or more circular rows for both radial and axial load with two or more rows of balls with angular contact with two rows at opposite angles
    • F16C19/184Bearings with rolling contact, for exclusively rotary movement with bearing balls essentially of the same size in one or more circular rows for both radial and axial load with two or more rows of balls with angular contact with two rows at opposite angles in O-arrangement
    • F16C19/186Bearings with rolling contact, for exclusively rotary movement with bearing balls essentially of the same size in one or more circular rows for both radial and axial load with two or more rows of balls with angular contact with two rows at opposite angles in O-arrangement with three raceways provided integrally on parts other than race rings, e.g. third generation hubs
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16CSHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
    • F16C2326/00Articles relating to transporting
    • F16C2326/01Parts of vehicles in general
    • F16C2326/02Wheel hubs or castors
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01FMAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
    • H01F13/00Apparatus or processes for magnetising or demagnetising
    • H01F13/003Methods and devices for magnetising permanent magnets

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Transmission And Conversion Of Sensor Element Output (AREA)
  • Magnetic Bearings And Hydrostatic Bearings (AREA)
  • Rolling Contact Bearings (AREA)

Abstract

本发明涉及具有一旋转轴(A)的编码器(1),配置一由塑料材料制造的基本构架(4),许多由铁磁性材料制造并被嵌入到基本构架(4)中的颗粒(5);和一与基本构架(4)形成一体的支撑插头(6),其用于在磁化该由铁磁性材料制造的颗粒(5)时安装该编码器(1)。

Description

编码器
技术领域
本发明涉及一种编码器。
背景技术
一般而言,公知的编码器包括一由橡胶材料制造的基本构架、一些嵌入基本构架的铁磁性材料,优选为粉末状,以及一与基本构架形成一体的支撑插头,用于将编码器安装在例如滚动接触轴承的旋转座圈上。
在刚刚描述的编码器中,基本构架通过支撑插头本身上的橡胶材料的硫化而与支撑插头形成一体。当橡胶材料硫化的同时,编码器被磁化以给编码器自身提供所需要的磁性特性。
编码器的磁化是通过将铁磁材料放置在一已确定的磁场中以便通过根据预定的流线对铁磁性材料本身进行定位进行的。尽管如此,已经表明这种编码器的磁性特性明显劣于可能获得的编码器的磁性特性,这是由于基本构架的同步硫化和铁磁性材料在橡胶材料内部运动时遇到的高阻抗会阻碍所有铁磁性材料自身的正确定位。
为了获得具有改进的铁磁性特性的编码器,公知的是由塑料-铁氧体材料制造的编码器,其中由塑料材料制造基本构架,以及如在美国专利5575568中所述使用粘结或机械锚定的方式使支撑插头和基本构架成为一体。
事实上,由塑料-铁氧体制造的编码器已显示出不仅具有由于嵌入铁磁性材料的存在而进一步加剧的高度的结构脆性,而且具有明显不同于相关支撑插头的热膨胀系数,并且最重要的,也不同于通常在其上使用编码器的滚动接触轴承的旋转座圈的热膨胀系数。
将塑料-铁氧体编码器锚定到它们的支撑插头时的特殊防范措施的采用导致了一个从制造的角度来看不是很划算的操作。
发明内容
本发明的目的是生产一种具有高性能的磁性特性并且其生产既容易又划算的编码器。
相据本发明,生产一种具有一旋转轴的编码器,该编码器包括一由塑料材料制造的基本构架,一些嵌入到基本构架中的铁磁性材料,以及一与基本构架形成一体的用于编码器的安装的支撑插头,该编码器的特征为在铁磁性材料磁化时,基本构架被组合模制在支撑插头上。
附图说明
现结合阐明了本发明的实施例的非限制性的形式的附图对本发明进行说明,其中:
-图1是依据本发明制造的编码器的第一优选实施例的剖面图;
-图2表示图1所示编码器的一个滚动接触轴承的应用的轴截面图;
-图3是图1所示编码器制造的第二优选实施例的剖面图;
-图4表示图3所示编码器的一个滚动接触轴承的应用的轴截面图;
-图5是图1所示编码器制造的第三优选实施例的剖面图;以及
-图6表示图5所示编码器的一个滚动接触轴承的应用的轴截面图。
具体实施方式
参照图1和2,数字1表示编码器整体,该编码器适宜地被安装在滚动接触轴承2上以便测量轴承自身的座圈3的角速度。特别的,座圈3是内座圈,编码器1适宜地被安装在座圈3自身的外圆柱表面3s上。
编码器1具有一与座圈3的旋转轴重合的旋转轴A,并且包括一由塑料材料制造的基本构架4,许多嵌入到基本构架4中的铁磁性颗粒5,以及一可由塑料或金属材料制造的支撑插头6,其与基本构架4构成一整体以便将编码器1安装在轴承2上。
在铁磁性颗粒5磁化时,基本构架4被组合模制在支撑插头6上,从而与插头6一起形成一个单一不可分的整体。
插头6包括-如上面刚描述的使用组合模制方式连接到构架4的支撑部分7和一适于被安装到座圈3上的安装部分8,。
安装部分8包括一具有与轴A同轴的圆柱形状的并且适于被直接冷缩配合在座圈3的表面3s上的冷缩配合壁9,而支撑部分7包括一与轴A成横向并且与壁9形成一体的环状凸缘10,和一与环状凸缘10形成一体并且相比壁9相反于环状凸缘10轴向延伸的圆柱形齿状物11。
图1所示的基本构架4形成适于轴向读出座圈3的角速度的形状,并且包括互相形成一个整体的圆柱形部分12和环状部分13,其中圆柱形部分12与壁9的环状末端14形成一整体,而环状部分13被轴向安置在凸缘10外面并且与其完全接触,同时还被径向安置为与齿状物11接触。
进一步的,环状部分13具有至少等于凸缘10厚度两倍的厚度,这样插头6就能易于吸收基本构架4的热膨胀,而不引起对整个编码器1的任何损伤。
在图3和4中所示的实施例形式涉及一种与编码器1相似的编码器1′,编码器1′与之的区别在于其基本构架4形成适于径向读出座圈3角旋转速度的形状。
该区别的第一个后果是支撑部分7包括一与轴A同轴并且直径尺寸小于壁9的直径尺寸的圆柱形壁10′,而基本构架4仅仅包括一个被一体地径向安置在圆柱形壁10′自身的内部并且具有至少等于壁10′两倍的厚度的圆柱形部分12′,这样插头6就能易于吸收基本构架4的热膨胀,而不引起对整个编码器1′的任何损伤。
编码器1′的安装部分8,除了包括在编码器1中相应描述的冷缩配合壁9,还包括具有与轴A呈横向的环形形状并且从径向和轴向角度插入在壁9和壁10′之间的轴向撞击壁20。这样作为壁9和壁10′之间过渡连接的壁20从壁10′径向向外延伸,并适于被轴向安置以紧靠座圈3。
编码器1′的安装部分8还包括终端壁21,该壁是与轴A呈横向的环形壁,并相比壁20与壁9相反地延伸。
最后,支撑部分7包括一环形齿状物11′,该环形齿状物相比壁20相反于壁10′延伸以便于径向限定基本构架4的部分12′,并且确定了一个最径向朝向编码器1′的插头6内部的点。特别地,从轴向角度和径向角度将齿状物11′、壁10′、壁20、壁21依次安置,这样就使得当将壁9冷缩配合在座圈3上时,基本构架4保留在轴承2外面和径向地位于表面3s里面。
图5和6中所示的实施例形式涉及一种与编码器1相似的编码器1″,该编码器1″与编码器1的区别的第一点基于,如编码器1′的情形,基本构架4形成适于径向读出座圈3角旋转速度的形状,第二点基于座圈3是轴承2的外座圈。
这样,在编码器1″的情形,通过将壁10′径向安置在壁9的外面,使得冷缩配合壁9和支撑部分的壁10′互相同轴地安置,并且通过中间环形壁20″互相连接,该环形壁20″向着冷缩配合壁9的外面径向延伸,并且轴向和径向安置成相比壁20与壁9相反。
在编码器1″的情形,构架4被从径向的角度安置成完全在插头6的外面,因而具有大于座圈3的表面3s的直径的直径大小。进一步地,在该实施例形式中,环形部分12′具有至少等于壁10′的厚度两倍的厚度,这样插头6就能够易于吸收基本构架4的热膨胀,而不引起对编码器1″的任何损伤。
根据上面的描述显而易见的,以不同实施例形式制造的,将由塑料材料制造的基本构架4组合模制到由塑料或金属材料制造的插头6上并且同时磁化颗粒5的编码器可容易地应用于不同应用,进一步地,由于插头6的形状,以及插头6自身的尺寸和结构4的尺寸之间的相对比例,就能够容易地补偿结构4和轴承2的座圈3的不同热膨胀系数,以避免在使用期间的任何破损。
本发明的目的不应局限于这里描述和说明的实施例的形式,本发明可以理解成该编码器的实施例形式,也可以包括对于部件的形状和配置以及构造和装配的细节的进一步的修改。

Claims (17)

1.具有一旋转轴(A)的编码器(1)(1′)(1″),包括一由塑料材料制造的基本构架(4),一些嵌入到该基本构架(4)中的铁磁性材料(5);和一个与基本构架(4)形成一体、用于编码器安装的支撑插头(6),编码器(1)(1′)(1″)的特征在于在铁磁性材料(5)磁化时,将基本构架(4)细合模制在支撑插头(6)上。
2.依据权利要求1的编码器,其特征在于支撑插头(6)包括一通过组合模制的方式连接到基本构架(4)的支撑部分(7),和一适用于安装在被监控的旋转元件(3)上的安装部分(8)。
3.依据权利要求2的编码器,其特征在于安装部分(8)包括一具有与所述旋转轴(A)同轴的圆柱形形状并被冷缩配合在所述旋转元件(3)上的冷缩配合壁(9)。
4.依据权利要求3的编码器,其特征在于支撑部分(7)包括一与所述旋转轴(A)呈横向并且与冷缩配合壁(9)形成一体的环形凸缘(10);基本构架(4)延伸与环形凸缘(10)完全接触,部分地也与冷缩配合壁(9)接触。
5.依据权利要求4的编码器,其特征在于所述基本构架(4)包括互相形成一体的一圆柱形部分(12)和一环形部分(13),并且其中圆柱形部分(12)与冷缩配合壁(9)的环形末端(14)形成一体,环形部分(13)与环形凸缘(10)形成一体。
6.依据权利要求5的编码器,其特征在于支撑部分(7)包括一与环形凸缘(10)形成一体的圆柱形齿状物(11),该齿状物被径向安置成与基本构架(4)的环形部分接触。
7.依据权利要求3的编码器,其特征在于安装部分(8)包括一具有环形形状并且与所述旋转轴(A)呈横向的轴向撞击壁(20),适用于被轴向安置成靠近所述旋转元件(3)。
8.依据权利要求7的编码器,其特征在于支撑部分(7)限定为一与所述旋转轴(A)同轴并与冷缩配合壁(9)形成一体的圆柱形壁(10′);基本构架(4)延伸与圆柱形壁(10′)完全接触。
9.依据权利要求8的编码器,其特征在于基本构架(4)包括一与支撑部分(7)的圆柱形壁(10′)形成一体的圆柱形部分(12′)。
10.依据权利要求9的编码器,其特征在于安装部分(8)包括一中间环形壁(20),该壁与所述旋转轴(A)呈横向安置,并且将支撑部分(7)的圆柱形壁(10′)连接到冷缩配合壁(9)。
11.依据权利要求10的编码器,其特征在于所述中间环形壁(20)与所述轴向撞击壁(20)重合,并且从支撑部分(7)的圆柱形壁(10′)开始向外面径向延伸。
12.依据权利要求11的编码器,其特征在于支撑部分(7)包括一环形齿状物(11′),该环形齿状物(11′)相比所述轴向撞击壁(20)相反于圆柱形壁(10′)同轴延伸,以便于轴向限定基本构架(4)。
13.依据权利要求12的编码器,其特征在于安装部分(8)包括一终端环形壁(21),其相对所述轴向撞击壁(20)相反于冷缩配合壁(9)延伸。
14.依据权利要求10的编码器,其特征在于中间环形壁(20)从支撑部分(7)的圆柱形壁(10′)开始向内部径向延伸。
15.依据前述权利要求1-14中任一个的编码器,其特征在于基本构架(4)具有至少等于支撑插头(6)厚度两倍的厚度。
16.依据前述权利要求1-14中任一个的编码器,其特征在于支撑插头(6)由塑料材料制造。
17.依据前述权利要求1-14中任一个的编码器,其特征在于支撑插头(6)由金属材料制造。
CNB2004100951022A 2003-11-04 2004-09-28 编码器 Active CN100573052C (zh)

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IT201700083818A1 (it) 2017-07-24 2019-01-24 Skf Ab Ruota fonica per gruppo mozzo-ruota
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DE102019213805A1 (de) * 2019-09-11 2021-03-11 Aktiebolaget Skf Verfahren zum Montieren einer Sensorlagereinheit und für solch ein Verfahren ausgeführte Sensorlagereinheit

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