CN100571698C - 柘树总黄酮有效部位提取物及其制备方法 - Google Patents
柘树总黄酮有效部位提取物及其制备方法 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
Description
技术领域
本发明属中药制药领域,涉及柘树总黄酮有效部位提取物及其制备方法。
背景技术:
柘树Cudrania tricuspidata(Carr.)Bur.为桑科(Moraceae)柘属植物,又名柘木,其根入药具有祛风除湿、活血通经、健脾益胃及消炎止痛等功效,临床用于治疗风湿关节痛、跌打损伤、脾虚泄泻及黄疸等症,近年来又用于治疗胃癌等消化系统肿瘤。
八十年代初,上海中药二厂将柘树根的提取液制成柘木糖浆,用于治疗消化道恶性肿瘤有一定疗效,但该制剂存在剂型老化,活性成分不明,缺少定量的质量标准等缺陷,因此直接影响其制备工艺的科学性和临床疗效。上海中药研究所在柘木糖浆剂的基础上对制备工艺进行了改进,相关技术为:1.“一种含柘木提取物的固体制剂及制备方法”,公开号CN 1515294A。其中公开了所制备的提取物,以7-葡萄糖-山奈酚为对照品,总黄酮含量为3-40%,7-葡萄糖-山奈酚的含量为0.3-4%。但该技术得到的提取物,总黄酮含量较低,达不到有效部位总黄酮含量大于50%的标准;并且该法以7-葡萄糖-山奈酚为定量分析的对照品,而该化合物是否为提取物中的抗肿瘤有效成分有待进一步证明;此外,该方法所得提取物的体内外抗肿瘤药效试验表明,受试样品浓度高,抗肿瘤效果不显著。
另有文献报道,柘树根黄酮提取物具有抗肿瘤活性,并涉及提取物的制备工艺,相关技术为:2.中医药学报,1998,5,47-48;3.佛山科学技术学院学报(自然科学版),2001,19(3):75-77。但上述两种技术得到的提取物,总黄酮含量较低,药效不理想;或因提取物中有效成分未知,选用芦丁作为对照品进行总黄酮的含量测定,而迄今为止,未见文献报道柘树根中含有芦丁。
现有技术对柘树根的抗肿瘤活性成分进行了较系统的研究,发现其有效成分为多种异戊烯基酮化合物(4.Bioorganic & Medicinal Chemistry,2004,12(8):1947-1953;5.Chemistry & Biodiversity,2005,2(1):131-138;6.“异戊烯基酮类化合物及其在制备抗肿瘤药物中的应用”,公开号CN 1557815A)。
发明内容:
本发明的目的是提供柘树总黄酮有效部位提取物。
本发明的另一目的是提供上述有效部位提取物的制备方法。
本发明采用下述方法制备柘树总黄酮有效部位提取物:
(1)提取
粉碎柘树根后,用65-95%含水乙醇渗漉或加热回流提取,将提取液浓缩备用;
(2)纯化
将上述所得浓缩液进行大孔树脂吸附,用5-50%C1-C5的低级醇水溶液淋洗除去杂质后,用50-95%C1-C5的低级醇洗脱,将洗脱液浓缩至干或除去低级醇后喷雾干燥,得提取物。
具体通过下述步骤:
将粉碎的柘树根用65-95%含水乙醇渗漉,溶媒用量约为生药量的4-15倍;或用65-95%含水乙醇热提3次,每次溶媒用量约为生药量的4-12倍;提取液浓缩后进行大孔树脂吸附,(大孔树脂为聚苯乙烯型多孔性吸附树脂,如D101、AB-8、SIP1300、HP-20型大孔树脂等),用浓度较低的低级醇水溶液淋洗除去杂质,低级醇为甲醇、乙醇或丙醇等C1-C5醇类,其浓度为5-50%,再用浓度较高的低级醇洗脱,其浓度为50-95%,将洗脱液浓缩至干或除去乙醇后喷雾干燥,得本发明的柘树总黄酮有效部位提取物,总黄酮含量为50-90%,异戊烯基酮化合物含量即柘树酮乙、柘树酮丁、柘树酮己和macluraxanthone B4种异戊烯基酮的含量之和为10-30%。
所得柘树总黄酮有效部位提取物的成分分析:经硅胶、ODS、MCI CHP-20P等正反相柱层析得到通式(I)的化学结构,用波谱方法鉴定结构,即上述4个异戊烯基酮化合物:柘树酮乙、柘树酮丁、柘树酮己和macluraxanthoneB,
其中,
或
化合物为柘树酮丁;
或
或
R4=R5=H时,
化合物为macluraxanthone B。
所得柘树总黄酮有效部位提取物进行含量测定:
为进一步说明本发明提取物在制备抗肿瘤药物中的应用,对本发明提取物进行了体外抑制人肿瘤细胞增殖的试验以及体内抑制SGC-7901裸鼠移植瘤增殖试验。由于新生血管形成是肿瘤持续生长的必要条件之一,抑制新生血管形成是肿瘤治疗的重要靶点,因此将本发明提取物进行了抗新生血管形成作用的试验。
试验结果表明,本发明提取物在体外能够显著抑制人胃癌(SGC-7901、BGC-823)、肝癌(SMMC-7721)、结肠癌(HCT)等人消化系统肿瘤细胞的增殖;体内能够显著抑制SGC-7901裸鼠移植瘤的增殖;对新生血管的形成有明显抑制作用。
本发明所涉及的肿瘤细胞,购自中科院上海细胞所。
本发明的制备方法其提纯工艺经济、简便、适用于工业化大生产。所得提取物可用于制备抗肿瘤药物。
本发明柘树总黄酮有效部位提取物可作为原料用于制成药物片剂、胶囊剂、颗粒剂、滴丸等及复方制剂,用于抗肿瘤药物。
具体实施方式
实施例1
100公斤粉碎后的柘树根Cudrania tricuspidata(Carr.)Bur.,用70%乙醇500升浸泡12h后渗漉,收集渗漉液1000升,浓缩至10升,用15%乙醇稀释至500升,以4BV/h的流速通过100升HP-20型大孔树脂柱,依次用500升30%乙醇淋洗除去杂质,再用500升90%乙醇洗脱,收集洗脱液,浓缩至干,得本发明的柘树总黄酮有效部位提取物,重500g,总黄酮含量为60%,4种异戊烯基酮的含量之和为13%。
实施例2
100公斤粉碎后的柘树根Cudrania tricuspidata(Carr.)Bur.,投入提取罐,在90-100℃用80%乙醇热提3次,每次溶媒用量为4-12倍,每次提取时间为90分钟,合并3次提取液,浓缩至10升,用20%乙醇稀释至500升,以4BV/h的流速通过100升SIP1300型大孔树脂柱,依次用500升40%乙醇淋洗除去杂质,再用500升85%乙醇洗脱,收集洗脱液,浓缩至干,得本发明的柘树总黄酮有效部位提取物,重550g,总黄酮含量为65%,4种异戊烯基酮的含量之和为15%。
实施例3
100公斤粉碎后的柘树根Cudrania tricuspidata(Carr.)Bur.,用95%乙醇500升浸泡12h后渗漉,收集渗漉液1000升,浓缩至10升,用30%乙醇稀释至500升,以4BV/h的流速通过100升HP-20型大孔树脂柱,依次用500升50%乙醇淋洗除去杂质,再用500升90%乙醇洗脱,收集洗脱液,浓缩至干,得本发明的柘树总黄酮有效部位提取物,重500g,总黄酮含量为85%,4种异戊烯基酮的含量之和为30%。
实施例4
体外抑制人肿瘤细胞SGC-7901、BGC-823、SMMC-7721、HCT增殖试验
采用改良MTT法:将融合为单层的肿瘤细胞消化为单细胞悬浮液,加入96孔培养板中,90μL/孔。在37℃、5%CO2培养箱中孵育24小时后,分别加入4种浓度的受试样品(5-320μg/mL),10μL/孔。受试样品组设3个复孔,阴性对照为等体积的PBS,阳性对照为顺铂(DDP)。继续孵育48小时后,加入MTT溶液5mg/mL,10μL/孔。继续培养4小时后,轻轻吸弃培养上清液,加入二甲亚砜(DMSO),100μL/孔,轻轻振荡10分钟以溶解结晶物,用酶标仪在490nm波长下测定各孔的OD值。
细胞抑制率=(阴性对照组OD值-用药组OD值)/阴性对照组OD值×100%。用SPSS12.0软件计算各样品的IC50值,结果见表1。
表1是本发明提取物对人肿瘤细胞增殖的抑制作用。
表1
实施例5本发明提取物体内抑制SGC-7901裸鼠移植瘤增殖试验
采用裸鼠移植瘤模型:取50只BALB/c裸鼠(6周大,18-22g,SPF级)称重后,用含6×109个/L SGC-7901细胞的单细胞悬浮液在裸鼠右侧腋部皮下注射,0.1mL/只。待移植肿瘤体积生长至0.5cm3时,将裸鼠随机分为5组,每组10只,分别为本发明柘树提取物小、中、大剂量组(200,500,1250mg/kg),阴性对照组用灭菌生理盐水,阳性对照为环磷酰胺组(40mg/kg)。每天固定时间灌胃给药,实验周期为2周,停药次日,称体重,剥取肿瘤称重,按下列方法计算抑瘤率,结果见表2。
抑瘤率=(1-实验组瘤重均数/对照组瘤重均数)×100%
表2是本发明提取物对SGC-7901裸鼠移植瘤增殖的抑制作用
表2
实施例6本发明提取物抗血管生成试验
1、对原代培养的人脐静脉血管内皮细胞(HUVEC)增殖的影响
参照Jaff等人的方法,进行HUVEC的原代分离。采用改良MTT法(具体参照实施例1),结果见表3。
表3是本发明提取物对HUVEC增殖的抑制作用
表3
2、对鸡胚尿囊膜血管生成的影响
取孵化5日龄的香港麻花鸡胚,随机分为4组,每组10只。在气室端开窗(1.5cm×1.5cm),滴加2-3滴PBS,轻轻剥离卵壳膜,暴露尿囊膜,将直径5mm的载体(含20-80μg的本发明提取物,PBS为对照组)放置于尿囊膜血管较少处,无菌透明胶封窗,继续孵化48小时。注入甲醇、丙酮的混合溶液(1∶1)1-2mL,室温固定15分钟。以滤纸为中心把膜剪下,放入盛有水的平皿里展开,拍照。
结果判断:
(-):不影响血管新生,即滤纸覆盖区域及周围血管生成正常,血管无断裂消失现象;(+):滤纸覆盖部位出现血管断裂或萎缩区域,但直径不超过4mm;(++):明显抑制血管生成,血管出现明显萎缩现象或无血管区超出滤纸覆盖范围,直径达5mm或更多。
根据上述判定标准,计算出10个经受试样品作用的鸡胚尿囊膜血管生成的抑制率:[(+)+(++)]/10×100%,结果见表4。
表4是本发明提取物对鸡胚尿囊膜血管生成的影响
表4
实施例7柘树总黄酮有效部位提取物片
取实施例1制得的柘树总黄酮有效部位提取物,粉碎,过100目筛,备用。
取50份柘树总黄酮有效部位提取物粉末,加入20份微晶纤维素、22份乳糖、5.5份交联聚维酮,用10%聚维酮醇水溶液制软材,过24目筛制湿颗粒,于50℃烘干,过24目筛整粒,加入2份交联聚维酮、0.5份硬脂酸镁,混匀,压片。片重0.2g,每片含黄酮60mg。
实施例8柘树总黄酮有效部位提取物肠溶胶囊
取实施例1制得的柘树总黄酮有效部位提取物,粉碎,过100目筛,备用。
取50份柘树总黄酮有效部位提取物粉末,加入30份微晶纤维素、20份乳糖,用3%聚维酮醇水溶液为黏合剂,用挤出滚圆法制小丸,于50℃烘干,分取24-48目间的小丸备用。
取上述小丸,用Eudragit L30D(内加10%柠檬酸三乙酯为增塑剂)包衣,控制包衣增重20%,于40℃烘4小时,得肠溶小丸,备用。
将上述肠溶小丸装入1号胶囊,每粒胶囊装量240mg,含黄酮60mg。
实施例9柘树总黄酮有效部位提取物滴丸
取实施例1制得的柘树总黄酮有效部位提取物,粉碎,过120目筛,备用。
取5份PEG 6000水浴加热至熔融,加入1份柘树总黄酮有效部位提取物充分搅拌均匀,用液状石蜡为冷却液,滴制成丸。每丸重60mg,含黄酮6mg。
Claims (6)
所述的柘树总黄酮有效部位提取物为柘树根提取物;
所述的有效部位提取物通过下述方法制备:
(1)提取
柘树根粉碎后,用65-95%含水乙醇渗漉或加热回流提取,将提取液浓缩备用;
(2)纯化
将步骤(1)所得浓缩液进行大孔树脂吸附,用5-50%C1-C5的低级醇水溶液淋洗除去杂质,再用50-95%C1-C5的低级醇洗脱,将洗脱液浓缩至干或除去低级醇后喷雾干燥,得提取物。
3、按权利要求1所述的柘树总黄酮有效部位提取物,其特征在于所述有效部位提取物制备步骤(2)中的大孔树脂为聚苯乙烯型多孔性吸附树脂。
4、根据权利要求3所述的柘树总黄酮有效部位提取物,其特征在于所述的聚苯乙烯型多孔性吸附树脂选自D101、AB-8、SIP1300或HP-20型大孔树脂。
5、按权利要求1所述的柘树总黄酮有效部位提取物,其特征在于所述有效部位提取物制备步骤(2)中的低级醇选自甲醇、乙醇或丙醇。
6、根据权利要求1所述的柘树总黄酮有效部位提取物,其特征在于作为原料制成硬胶囊剂、软胶囊剂、片剂、颗粒剂、滴丸、注射剂、口服液、气雾剂、喷雾剂或粉雾剂。
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