CN100558755C - 通过原子转换自由基加成反应(atra)制备的聚合烷氧基胺 - Google Patents
通过原子转换自由基加成反应(atra)制备的聚合烷氧基胺 Download PDFInfo
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- CN100558755C CN100558755C CNB038225298A CN03822529A CN100558755C CN 100558755 C CN100558755 C CN 100558755C CN B038225298 A CNB038225298 A CN B038225298A CN 03822529 A CN03822529 A CN 03822529A CN 100558755 C CN100558755 C CN 100558755C
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- C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
- C08G73/00—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming a linkage containing nitrogen with or without oxygen or carbon in the main chain of the macromolecule, not provided for in groups C08G12/00 - C08G71/00
- C08G73/02—Polyamines
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
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- C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
- C08G73/00—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming a linkage containing nitrogen with or without oxygen or carbon in the main chain of the macromolecule, not provided for in groups C08G12/00 - C08G71/00
- C08G73/02—Polyamines
- C08G73/024—Polyamines containing oxygen in the form of ether bonds in the main chain
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- C08K5/00—Use of organic ingredients
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Abstract
本发明涉及由原子转换自由基加成聚合反应(ATRA)制备的各种聚合烷氧基胺。本发明的另一个方面是其制备方法及其作为光稳定剂、阻燃剂以及用于受控自由基聚合方法的聚合调节剂/引发剂的用途。本发明的再一个方面是也可用作聚合反应调节剂/引发剂的新型单体中间体烷氧基胺。
Description
本发明涉及由常被称作“原子转换自由基加成聚合反应(ATRA)”的新方法制备的各种聚合烷氧基胺。本发明的另一个方面是其制备方法及其作为光稳定剂、阻燃剂以及用于受控自由基聚合过程的聚合调节剂/引发剂的用途。本发明的再一个方面是也可用作聚合反应调节剂/引发剂的新型单体中间体烷氧基胺。
在现有技术中,烷氧基胺或硝酰醚可广泛用于不同的用途。美国专利4,581,429首次描述了烷氧基胺用于受控自由基聚合反应的用途。美国专利4,921,962描述了1-烷氧基-四甲基哌啶衍生物用作天然和合成聚合物的多用途光稳定剂。美国专利5,393,812和美国专利5,844,026公开了1-烷氧基-四甲基哌啶衍生物作为聚合物中的阻燃剂的用途。
在各种出版物中已描述了烷氧基胺的制备。在Macromol.RapidCommun.17,149-154(1996)中描述了脱质子化羟胺的烷基化。另一种方法是如J.Chem.Soc.1920(1954)中所述,在硝酮或亚硝基化合物中加入自由基。所述自由基可由如“有机合成中的自由基(Wiley-VCH,2001)”或WO 2001/092228中所述的各种自由基来源制备。
Chem.Rev.2001,101,3661中简述了可行的制备方法。
制备单体烷氧基胺的最新方法基于如Macromolecules1996,29,7661和WO 00/61544中所述的“原子转换自由基加成反应(ATRA)”。该方法基于在适合的金属或金属盐以及任选的络合物配体存在下,氮氧基化合物与含有卤素或拟卤素的有机化合物的反应。
迄今为止,ATRA的概念仅用于制备单体烷氧基胺。迄今现有技术中未提到通过ATRA聚合制备聚合烷氧基胺。
本发明的一个方面是一种制备聚合烷氧基胺的方法,所述方法包括以下步骤:
在过渡金属或较低氧化态的过渡金属盐以及任选的能络合所述过渡金属或过渡金属盐的配体存在下,
a)将式(A):X-Ln-NO·的单氮氧基化合物;或
b)将式(B):·ON-Ln-NO·的二氮氧基化合物与式(C):X-Lh-X的双官能化合物反应;或
c)将式(D):Ln-[NO·]n的多氮氧基化合物与式(E):Lh-[X]n的多官能化合物反应;
其中:
X为卤素或-SCN;
Ln为连接氮氧基基团与X基或其他氮氧基基团的n价间隔基;
Lh为连接X基的n价间隔基;
n为3-6。
间隔基L和氮氧基基团可具有结构(F)的结构:
其中G1和G2各自独立地代表叔碳原子,其中所述叔碳原子连接了未取代的C1-C18烷基或苯基;或者连接了被CN、OH、COC1-C18烷基、CO-苯基、COOC1-C18烷基、OC1-C18烷基、NO2、NHC1-C18烷基或N(C1-C18)2烷基取代的C1-C18烷基或苯基;或
G1和G2中的一个为连接了-P(O)(OR22)2的仲碳原子,另一个如上定义;或
G1和G2与其连接的氮原子一起形成5-8元杂环或5-20元多环杂环或螺环杂环体系,所述氮原子的邻位被4个C1-C4烷基或2个C5-C12螺环烷基取代,并还可被一个或多个C1-C18烷基、C1-C18烷氧基或=O基取代;并且
可被其他氧原子或氮原子间隔;
L1和L2为例如如下的连接基:R101-Y-或R102-C(O)-Y-,其中Y连接于G1和/或G2;C1-C25亚烷基;被-O-、-S-、-SO-、-SO2-、
亚苯基或C5-C8亚环烷基间隔的C2-C25亚烷基;Y为O或NR109;
其中R101为C1-C18亚烷基,R102为化学键或C1-C18亚烷基,R103和R104各自独立为氢或C1-C18烷基,R109为氢、C1-C18烷基、C3-C18烯基、C3-C18炔基、苯基、C7-C9苯基烷基,所有以上基团可为未取代的或被一个或多个羟基、卤原子或C1-C4烷氧基取代的基团。
具有最高可达18个碳原子的烷基为直链或支链基团,其实例有甲基、乙基、丙基、异丙基、正丁基、仲丁基、异丁基、叔丁基、2-乙基丁基、正戊基、异戊基、1-甲基戊基、1,3-二甲基丁基、正己基、1-甲基己基、正庚基、异庚基、1,1,3,3-四甲基丁基、1-甲基庚基、3-甲基庚基、正辛基、2-乙基己基、1,1,3-三甲基己基、1,1,3,3-四甲基戊基、壬基、癸基、十一烷基、1-甲基十一烷基、十二烷基、1,1,3,3,5,5-六甲基己基、十三烷基、十四烷基、十五烷基、十六烷基、十七烷基或十八烷基。
被氧、硫或间隔的C3-C18烷的实例有CH3-O-CH2CH2-、CH3-S-CH2CH2-、CH3-N(CH3)-CH2CH2-、CH3-O-CH2CH2-O-CH2CH2-、CH3-(O-CH2CH2-)2O-CH2CH2-、CH3-(O-CH2CH2-)3O-CH2CH2-或CH3-(O-CH2CH2-)4O-CH2CH2-。
C7-C9苯基烷基的实例有苄基、α-甲基苄基、α,α-二甲基苄基或2-苯基-乙基。优选苄基和α,α-二甲基苄基。
C1-C25亚烷基为支链或非支链基团,其实例有亚甲基、亚乙基、1,2-亚丙基、1,3-亚丙基、1,4-亚丁基、1,5-亚戊基、1,6-亚己基、1,7-亚庚基、1,8-亚辛基、1,10-亚癸基、1,12-亚十二烷基或1,18-亚十八烷基。
被-O-、-S-、-SO-、-SO2-、
亚苯基或C5-C8亚环烷基间隔的C2-C25亚烷的实例有-CH2-O-CH2-、-CH2-S-CH2-、-CH2-N(CH3)-CH2-、-CH2-O-CH2CH2-、-CH2CH2-O-CH2CH2-、-CH2CH2-O-CH2CH2-O-CH2CH2-、-CH2CH2-(O-CH2CH2-)2O-CH2CH2-、-CH2CH2-(O-CH2CH2-)3O-CH2CH2-、-CH2CH2-(O-CH2CH2-)4O-CH2CH2-、-CH2CH2-S-CH2CH2-、
具有2-24个碳原子的烯基为支链或非支链基团,其实例有乙烯基、丙烯基、2-丁烯基、3-丁烯基、异丁烯基、正-2,4-戊二烯基、3-甲基-2-丁烯基、正-2-辛烯基、正-2-十二碳烯基、异十二碳烯基、油基、正-2-十八碳烯基或正-4-十八碳烯基。优选具有3-18个碳原子、尤其是3-12个,例如3-6个,特别是3-4个碳原子的烯基。
具有3-18个碳原子的炔基为支链或非支链基团,其实例有丙炔基、2-丁炔基、3-丁炔基、异丁炔基、正-2,4-戊二炔基、3-甲基-2-丁炔基、正-2-辛炔基、正-2-十二炔基、异十二炔基。
卤素例如为氯、溴或碘。优选氯和溴。
具有最高可达25个碳原子的烷氧基为支链或非支链基团,其实例有甲氧基、乙氧基、丙氧基、异丙氧基、正-丁氧基、异丁氧基、戊氧基、异戊氧基、己氧基、庚氧基、辛氧基、癸氧基、十四烷氧基、十六烷氧基或十八烷氧基。优选具有1-12个碳原子、特别是1-8个,例如1-6个碳原子的烷氧基。
具有最高可达25个碳原子的烷酰氧基为支链或非支链基团,其实例有乙酰氧基、丙酰氧基、丁酰氧基、戊酰氧基、己酰氧基、庚酰氧基、辛酰氧基、壬酰氧基、癸酰氧基、十一酰氧基、十二酰氧基、十三酰氧基、十四酰氧基、十五酰氧基、十六酰氧基、十七酰氧基、十八酰氧基、二十酰氧基或二十二酰氧基。优选具有2-18个、特别是2-12个碳原子,例如2-6个碳原子的烷酰氧基。
羟基取代的C2-C18烷基为包含优选1-3个羟基、特别是1或2个羟基的支链或非支链基团,其实例有羟乙基、3-羟丙基、2-羟丙基、4-羟丁基、3-羟丁基、2-羟丁基、5-羟戊基、4-羟戊基、3-羟戊基、2-羟戊基、6-羟己基、5-羟己基、4-羟己基、3-羟己基、2-羟己基、7-羟庚基、6-羟庚基、5-羟庚基、4-羟庚基、3-羟庚基、2-羟庚基、8-羟辛基、7-羟辛基、6-羟辛基、5-羟辛基、4-羟辛基、3-羟辛基、2-羟辛基、9-羟壬基、10-羟癸基、11-羟十一烷基、12-羟十二烷基、13-羟十三烷基、14-羟十四烷基、15-羟十五烷基、16-羟十六烷基、17-羟十七烷基、18-羟十八烷基。
C5-C12环烷的实例有环戊基、环己基、环庚基、甲基环戊基或环辛基。
芳基为苯基或萘基,优选为苯基。
可采用类似于已知方法的方法制备上述氮氧基化合物。
开链烷氧基胺的制备例如见述于WO 99/03894或WO 00/07981。基于四烷基哌啶的烷氧基胺例如见述于GB 2 335 1290或GB 2 361235。其他杂环烷氧基胺见述于GB 2 342 649。
所述配体例如为式III的配体:
其中R10、R11、R13和R14各自独立地为H、C1-C12烷基、C5-C12环烷基或芳基;
R12为H、C1-C12烷基、C5-C12环烷基、芳基或(CH2)q-NR10R11;
m、p和q为1-4;
n为0-4;或
所述配体为双环或多环杂脂环。
适合的各个配体例如有三[2-(二甲基氨基)乙基]胺、N,N,N’,N’,N”-五甲基二亚乙基三胺、N,N,N’,N’-四甲基亚乙基二胺、1,1,4,7,10,10-六甲基三亚乙基四胺、1,4,7-三甲基-1,4,7-三氮杂环壬烷、1,5,9-三甲基-1,5,9-三氮杂环十二烷、1,4,8,11-四甲基-1,4,8,11-四氮杂环十四烷、2,2’-联吡啶、2,2’-联(4-叔丁基)吡啶或2,2’,2”-三联吡啶。
所述过渡金属必须可以至少两种氧化态的形式存在。
在典型的方法中,所述过渡金属或较低氧化态的过渡金属盐与含卤素或-SCN化合物的摩尔比率为1∶1-1∶3。
优选所述过渡金属选自Cu、Fe、Mn、Mo、Cr、Ni和Ru,较低氧化态的过渡金属盐为这些金属的卤化物、硫酸盐、硝酸盐、羧酸盐或三氟甲磺酸盐。
也可使用各种过渡金属或过渡金属盐的混合物或各种过渡金属及其盐的混合物。
所述配体与过渡金属或较低氧化态的过渡金属盐的摩尔比率为0.5∶1-1∶5、特别是1∶1-1∶3。
所述方法通常在-20℃至100℃、优选0-40℃下进行。
本发明的一个优选的实施方案为一种方法,其中:
a)式(A)的单氮氧基化合物为式(Ia)、(Ib)或(Ic)的化合物:
b)式(B)的二氮氧基化合物为式(IIa)、(IIb)、(IIc)或(IId)的化合物:
式(C)的化合物为式(III)的化合物:
c)式(D)的多氮氧基化合物为式(IVa)、(IVb)或(IVc)的化合物:
式(E)的化合物为式(V)的化合物:
在各式中:
R1、R2、R3和R4为甲基或乙基;或
R1和R2和/或R3和R4与它们连接的碳原子一起形成C5-C8环烷基环;
R5为H或甲基;
R6和R7为H、C1-C8烷基或芳基;
R8为H或甲基;
X为卤素或-SCN;
A为O或NR9,其中R9为H或C1-C18烷基、C5-C12环烷基或芳基;
A1为-NR9-(CH2)a-NR9-,其中a为2-12,或下式的基团:
D为化学键或C1-C12亚烷基、C5-C12亚环烷基或亚芳基,其中所述亚烷基和亚环烷基可被一个或多个O、S或N原子间隔;
E为化学键、O或NR9;
G为C1-C12亚烷基、C5-C12亚环烷基或亚芳基,其中所述亚烷基和亚环烷基可被一个或多个O、S或N原子间隔;
n为3或4;
Q为三价或四价羧酸的酰基残基;
P为三价或四价醇的残基。
已给出各种取代基的实例。
三价或四价酰基残基例如衍生于相应的羧酸,例如柠檬酸、1,2,4-苯三酸、1,3,5-苯三酸、均苯四酸或丁烷四甲酸。
三价或四价醇的实例有丙三醇、三羟甲基丙烷、季戊四醇、赤藓糖醇或三羟甲基氨基甲烷。
优选其中所述化合物为式(Ia)、(Ib)或(Ic)化合物的方法。
特别优选其中所述化合物为式(Ia)、(Ib)或(Ic)化合物的方法,其中:
R1、R2、R3和R4为甲基;
R5为H;
R6和R7各自独立地为H或甲基;
R8为H或甲基;
X为Cl或Br;
A为O或NR9且R9为H或C1-C18烷基。
最优选其中所述化合物为式(Ia)化合物的方法。
例如还可用多于一种氮氧基化合物和/或卤化物实施本方法。这样得到无规共聚物。也可将不同的氮氧基化合物和/或卤化物按照一定的顺序聚合,得到嵌段共聚物。通过改变氮氧基与卤素官能团的比率不为1∶1,可调节聚合度,从而调节聚合物的分子量。这可以通过例如加入不含活性卤素原子的氮氧基化合物来实现。
得到的聚合物为原则上一端连有卤素或拟卤素部分,另一端连有硝酰基部分的遥爪聚合物。两端还可用于聚合物类似的反应。例如可通过消除反应除去所述卤素或拟卤素,在聚合物中剩下双键。所述硝酰基可还原为胺或羟胺,并还可用于例如酰化反应。
在使用液体组分原料的情况下或者在适合的有机溶剂中,所述方法可大批量进行。
适合的溶剂有甲苯、环己烷、石油醚、酯(例如乙酸乙酯)、酰胺(例如二甲基甲酰胺或二甲基乙酰胺)、酮(例如丙酮、甲基乙基酮)、醚(例如四氢呋喃或甲基叔丁基醚)、醇(例如甲醇、乙醇、异丙醇或丁醇)。
本发明的另一个方面为由上述方法得到的聚合物。
优选具有式(I’a)、(I’b)、(I’c)、(II’a)、(II’b)、(II’c)或(II’d)重复结构单元的聚合物:
在各式中:
m为1-5000;
R1、R2、R3和R4为甲基或乙基;或
R1和R2和/或R3和R4与它们连接的碳原子一起形成C5-C8环烷基环;
R5为H或甲基;
R6和R7为H、C1-C8烷基或芳基;
R8为H或甲基;
A为O或NR9,其中R9为H或C1-C18烷基、C5-C12环烷基或芳基;
A1为-NR9-(CH2)a-NR9-,其中a为2-12,或下式的基团:
D为化学键或C1-C12亚烷基、C5-C12亚环烷基或亚芳基,其中所述亚烷基和亚环烷基可被一个或多个O、S或N原子间隔;
E为化学键、O或NR9;和
G为C1-C12亚烷基、C5-C12亚环烷基或亚芳基,其中所述亚烷基和亚环烷基可被一个或多个O、S或N原子间隔。
优选m为5-5000,更优选20-1000。
本发明的另一个方面为式(Ia)、(Ib)或(Ic)的化合物:
在各式中:
R1、R2、R3和R4为甲基或乙基;或
R1和R2和/或R3和R4与它们连接的碳原子一起形成C5-C8环烷基环;
R5为H或甲基;
R6和R7为H、C1-C8烷基或芳基;
R8为H或甲基;
X为卤素或-SCN;和
A为O或NR9,其中R9为H、C1-C18烷基、C5-C12环烷基或芳基。
各个取代基及其优选的实例已在上文中给出,它们同样适用于各种单体和聚合物。
可采用实施例中描述的已知方法制备上述化合物。基于四烷基哌啶的硝酰化合物例如描述于GB 23351290、GB 2 361 235或WO02/48205中。其他杂环硝酰化合物描述于GB 2 342 649。
本发明的再一个方面是一种稳定的组合物,所述组合物包含:
(a)易于被热、光或氧降解的有机材料,和
(b)由上述方法得到的化合物。
优选所述组分(a)的有机材料为天然或合成的聚合物。
天然和合成的聚合物的实例有:
1.单烯烃和二烯烃的聚合物,其实例有聚丙烯、聚异丁烯,聚(1-丁烯),聚(4-甲基-1-戊烯),聚(乙烯基环己烷),聚异戊二烯或聚丁二烯以及环烯烃(如环戊烯或降冰片烯)的聚合物,聚乙烯(任选交联)如高密度聚乙烯(HDPE)、高密度高分子量聚乙烯(HDPE-HMW)、高密度超高分子量聚乙烯(HDPE-UHMW)、中密度聚乙烯(MDPE)、低密度聚乙烯(LDPE)、线性低密度聚乙烯(LLDPE)、(VLDPE)和(ULDPE)。
聚烯烃(即上文举例说明的单烯烃的聚合物,优选聚乙烯和聚丙烯)可以通过不同的方法制备,特别是通过下面的方法制备:
a)自由基聚合(通常在高温高压下进行)。
b)使用通常包含一种或多种元素周期表IVb、Vb、VIb或VIII族金属的催化剂进行催化聚合。这些金属通常具有一种或多种可π-或σ-配位的配位体,所述配位体通常为氧化物、卤化物、醇化物、酯、醚、胺、烷烃、烯烃和/或芳烃。这些金属络合物可为游离形式或固定在载体(通常为活性氯化镁、氯化钛(III)、氧化铝或二氧化硅)。这些催化剂可溶或不溶于聚合反应介质中。所述催化剂可以单独用在聚合反应中,或者还可使用其他的活性剂(通常为烷基金属、金属氢化物、烷基金属卤化物、烷基金属氧化物或金属氧烷(metalalkyloxane),所述金属为元素周期表中Ia、IIa和/或IIIa族元素)。所述活性剂可用其他酯、醚、胺或硅醚基团方便地改性。这些催化剂体系通常称作菲利普(Phillips)、Standard Oil Indiana、齐格勒-纳塔、TNZ(DuPont)、金属茂或单一活性点催化剂(SSC)。
2.1)所提到聚合物的混合物,如聚丙烯和聚异丁烯、聚丙烯和聚乙烯(例如PP/HDPE,PP/LDPE)的混合物以及不同类型聚乙烯的混合物(例如LDPE/HDPE)。
3.单烯烃和二烯烃的共聚物,或与其他乙烯基单体的共聚物,例如乙烯/丙烯共聚物、线性低密度聚乙烯(LLDPE)及其和低密度聚乙烯(LDPE)的混合物、丙烯/1-丁烯共聚物、丙烯/异丁烯共聚物、乙烯/1-丁烯共聚物、乙烯/己烯共聚物、乙烯/甲基戊烯共聚物、乙烯/庚烯共聚物、乙烯/辛烯共聚物、乙烯/乙烯基环己烷共聚物、乙烯/环烯烃共聚物(例如乙烯/降冰片烯共聚物如COC)、乙烯/1-烯烃共聚物(其中所述1-烯烃在原位生成);丙烯/丁二烯共聚物、异丁烯/异戊二烯共聚物、乙烯/乙烯基环己烯共聚物、乙烯/丙烯酸烷基酯共聚物、乙烯/甲基丙烯酸烷基酯共聚物、乙烯/醋酸乙烯酯共聚物或乙烯/丙烯酸共聚物及其盐(离子交联聚合物)以及乙烯、丙烯和二烯(如己二烯、二聚环戊二烯或亚乙基降冰片烯)的三元共聚物;以及这类共聚物相互的混合物,和与上面1)中提到的聚合物的混合物,例如聚丙烯/乙烯-丙烯共聚物、LDPE/乙烯-醋酸乙烯共聚物(EVA)、LDPE/乙烯-丙烯酸共聚物(EAA)、LLDPE/EVA、LLDPE/EAA和交替或无规聚亚烷基/一氧化碳共聚物及其和其他聚合物(例如聚酰胺)的混合物。
4.烃树脂(例如C5-C9的烃树脂),包括其氢化改性物(例如增粘剂)以及聚亚烷基与淀粉的混合物。
1.)-4.)的均聚物和共聚物可以具有任何立体结构,包括间同立构、全同立构、半全同立构或无规立构,其中优选无规立构聚合物。还包括立构规正嵌段聚合物。
5.聚苯乙烯、聚对甲基苯乙烯、聚(α-甲基苯乙烯)。
6.衍生自乙烯基芳族单体的芳族均聚物和共聚物,包括苯乙烯,α-甲基苯乙烯,乙烯基甲苯(特别是对乙烯基甲苯)的所有异构体,乙基苯乙烯,丙基苯乙烯,乙烯基联苯,乙烯基萘和乙烯基蒽及其混合物的所有异构体。均聚物和共聚物可具有任何立体结构,包括间同立构、全同立构、半全同立构或无规立构,其中优选无规立构聚合物。还包括立构规正嵌段聚合物。
6a.包括上述乙烯基芳族单体和共聚单体的共聚物,其中所述共聚单体选自:乙烯、丙烯、二烯、腈、酸、马来酸酐、马来酰胺、醋酸乙烯酯和氯乙烯或丙烯酸衍生物及其混合物,例如苯乙烯/丁二烯、苯乙烯/丙烯腈、苯乙烯/乙烯(共聚物)、苯乙烯/甲基丙烯酸烷基酯、苯乙烯/丁二烯/丙烯酸烷基酯、苯乙烯/丁二烯/甲基丙烯酸烷基酯、苯乙烯/马来酸酐、苯乙烯/丙烯腈/丙烯酸甲酯;高冲击强度的苯乙烯共聚物和另一种聚合物(如聚丙烯酸、二烯聚合物或乙烯/丙烯/二烯三元聚合物)的混合物;以及苯乙烯的嵌段共聚物(如苯乙烯/丁二烯/苯乙烯、苯乙烯/异戊二烯/苯乙烯、苯乙烯/乙烯/丁烯/苯乙烯或苯乙烯/乙烯/丙烯/苯乙烯)。
6b.6.)所提到的聚合物氢化所得的氢化芳族聚合物,具体包括通过氢化无规立构聚苯乙烯制备的聚环己基乙烯(PCHE),通常称作聚乙烯基环己烷(PVCH)。
6c.6a.)所提到的聚合物氢化所得的氢化芳族聚合物。
均聚物和共聚物可具有任何立体结构,包括间同立构、全同立构、半全同立构或无规立构,其中优选无规立构聚合物。还包括立构规正嵌段聚合物。
7.乙烯基芳族单体(如苯乙烯或α-甲基苯乙烯)的接枝共聚物,例如苯乙烯接枝的聚丁二烯、苯乙烯接枝的聚丁二烯-苯乙烯或苯乙烯接枝的聚丁二烯-丙烯腈共聚物;苯乙烯和丙烯腈(或甲基丙烯腈)接枝的聚丁二烯;苯乙烯、丙烯腈和甲基丙烯酸甲酯接枝的聚丁二烯;苯乙烯和马来酸酐接枝的聚丁二烯;苯乙烯、丙烯腈和马来酸酐或马来酰胺接枝的聚丁二烯;苯乙烯和马来酰胺接枝的聚丁二烯;苯乙烯和丙烯酸烷基酯或甲基丙烯酸烷基酯接枝的聚丁二烯;苯乙烯和丙烯腈接枝的乙烯/丙烯/二烯三元聚合物;苯乙烯和丙烯腈接枝的聚丙烯酸烷基酯或聚甲基丙烯酸烷基酯;苯乙烯和丙烯腈接枝的丙烯酸酯/丁二烯共聚物;及其和6)中列出的共聚物的混合物,例如称为ABS、MBS、ASA或AES聚合物的共聚物混合物。
8.含卤素的聚合物,例如聚氯丁二烯、氯化橡胶、异丁烯-异戊二烯的氯化和溴化共聚物(卤代丁基橡胶)、氯化或氯磺化聚乙烯、乙烯和氯化乙烯的共聚物、表氯醇均聚物和共聚物,特别是含卤素的乙烯基化合物的聚合物如聚氯乙烯、聚偏氯乙烯、聚氟乙烯、聚偏氟乙烯,及其共聚物如氯乙烯/偏氯乙烯、氯乙烯/醋酸乙烯酯或偏氯乙烯/醋酸乙烯酯共聚物。
9.衍生自α,β-不饱和酸及其衍生物的聚合物,如聚丙烯酸酯和聚甲基丙烯酸酯;用丙烯酸丁酯改良冲击性的聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯、聚丙烯酰胺和聚丙烯腈。
10.9)所提到的单体相互的共聚物或者与其他不饱和单体的共聚物,例如丙烯腈/丁二烯共聚物、丙烯腈/丙烯酸烷基酯共聚物、丙烯腈/丙烯酸烷氧基烷基酯或丙烯腈/乙烯基卤共聚物、或丙烯腈/甲基丙烯酸烷基酯/丁二烯三元聚合物。
11.衍生自不饱和醇和胺或酰基衍生物或其缩醛的聚合物,例如聚乙烯醇、聚醋酸乙烯酯、聚硬脂酸乙烯酯、聚苯甲酸乙烯酯、聚马来酸乙烯酯、聚乙烯基丁缩酮、聚邻苯二甲酸烯丙酯或聚烯丙基三聚氰胺;以及它们和1)中提到的烯烃的共聚物。
12.环醚的均聚物和共聚物,如聚亚烷基二醇、聚环氧乙烷、聚环氧丙烷或它们和二缩水甘油醚的共聚物。
13.聚醛,如聚甲醛和包含环氧乙烷作为共聚体的聚甲醛;用热塑性聚氨酯、丙烯酸酯或MBS改性的聚醛。
14.聚苯醚和聚苯硫醚,以及聚苯醚和苯乙烯聚合物或聚酰胺的混合物。
15.衍生自一方面为羟基封端的聚醚、聚酯和另一方面为聚丁二烯和脂族或芳族聚异氰酸酯的聚氨酯,及其前体。
16.衍生自二胺和二羧酸和/或氨基羧酸或相应的内酰胺的聚酰胺和共聚酰胺,例如聚酰胺4、聚酰胺6、聚酰胺6/6、6/10、6/9、6/12、4/6、12/12、聚酰胺11、聚酰胺12、源于间二甲苯二胺和己二酸的芳族聚酰胺;由1,6-己二胺和间苯二甲酸或/和对苯二甲酸和存在或不存在的作为改性剂的弹性体制备的聚酰胺,例如聚对苯二甲酰(2,4,4-三甲基-1,6-己二胺)或聚间苯二甲酰间苯二胺;和上述聚酰胺和聚烯烃、烯烃共聚物、离子交联聚合物或弹性体(化学键合或接枝)的嵌段共聚物;或上述聚酰胺和聚醚如和聚乙二醇、聚丙二醇或聚四亚甲基乙二醇的嵌段共聚物;以及用EPDM或ABS改性的聚酰胺或共聚酰胺;以及在加工中缩合的聚酰胺(RIM聚酰胺体系)。
17.聚脲、聚酰亚胺、聚酰胺-酰亚胺、聚醚酰亚胺、聚酯酰亚胺、聚乙内酰脲和聚苯并咪唑。
18.衍生自二羧酸和二醇和/或衍生自羟基酸或其相应内酯的聚酯,例如聚对苯二甲酸乙二酯、聚对苯二甲酸丁二酯、聚对苯二甲酸1,4-环己二亚甲酯、聚萘二甲酸亚烷基酯(PAN)和聚羟基苯甲酸酯,以及衍生自羟基封端的聚醚的嵌段共聚醚酯;和用聚碳酸酯或MBS改性的聚酯。
19.聚碳酸酯和聚酯碳酸酯。
20.聚酮。
21.聚砜、聚醚砜和聚醚酮。
22.衍生自一方面为醛和另一方面为苯酚、脲和三聚氰胺的交联聚合物例如苯酚/甲醛树脂、脲/甲醛树脂和三聚氰胺/甲醛树脂。
23.干燥和非干燥的醇酸树脂。
24.衍生自饱和和不饱和二羧酸和多元醇的共聚酯的不饱和聚酯树脂,用乙烯系化合物作为交联剂,及其具有低可燃性的含卤素改性物。
25.衍生自取代的丙烯酸酯的可交联的丙烯酸树脂,例如环氧丙烯酸酯、聚氨酯丙烯酸酯和聚酯丙烯酸酯。
26.用三聚氰胺树脂、脲树脂、异氰酸酯、异氰脲酸酯、多异氰酸酯或环氧树脂交联的醇酸树脂、聚酯树脂和丙烯酸酯树脂。
27.衍生自脂族、脂环族、杂环族或芳族缩水甘油化合物的交联的环氧树脂,例如双酚A和双酚F的二环氧甘油醚产物,采用常规的硬化剂如酸酐或胺交联,任选含有加速剂。
28.天然聚合物,如纤维素、橡胶、明胶及其化学改性的同系衍生物,例如乙酸纤维素酯、丙酸纤维素酯和丁酸纤维素酯或纤维素醚如甲基纤维素;以及松香及其衍生物。
29.上述聚合物的共混物(聚合共混物),例如PP/EPDM、聚酰胺/EPDM或ABS、PVC/EVA、PVC/ABS、PVC/MBS、PC/ABS、PBTP/ABS、PC/ASA、PC/PBT、PVC/CPE、PVC/丙烯酸酯、POM/热塑性PUR、PC/热塑性PUR、POM/丙烯酸酯、POM/MBS、PPO/HIPS、PPO/PA 6.6和共聚物、PA/HDPE、PA/PP、PA/PPO、PBT/PC/ABS或PBT/PET/PC。
在本发明的具体实施方案中,所述组合物还包含至少一种选自下面的共添加稳定剂:苯酚类抗氧化剂、硬脂酸金属盐、金属氧化物、有机磷化合物、呋喃酮抗氧化剂、羟胺类、紫外线吸收剂、不同于采用上述方法得到的受阻胺类稳定剂。
这些共稳定剂和其他添加剂的实例如下所述:
1.抗氧化剂
1.1.烷基化单苯酚,例如2,6-二叔丁基-4-甲基苯酚、2-叔丁基-4,6-二甲基苯酚、2,6-二叔丁基-4-乙基苯酚、2,6-二叔丁基-4-正丁基苯酚、2,6-叔丁基-4-异丁基苯酚、2,6-二环戊基-4-甲基苯酚、2-(α-甲基环己基)-4,6-二甲基苯酚、2,6-二(十八烷基)-4-甲基苯酚、2,4,6-三环己基苯酚、2,6-二叔丁基-4-甲氧基甲基苯酚、侧链为直链或支链的壬基苯酚(如2,6-二壬基-4-甲基苯酚)、2,4-二甲基-6-(1’-甲基十一烷-1’-基)苯酚、2,4-二甲基-6-(1’-甲基十七烷-1’-基)苯酚、2,4-二甲基-6-(1’-甲基十三烷-1’-基)苯酚及其混合物。
1.2.烷硫基甲基苯酚,例如2,4-二辛基硫代甲基-6-叔丁基苯酚、2,4-二辛基硫代甲基-6-甲基苯酚、2,4-二辛基硫代甲基-6-乙基苯酚、2,6-二(十二烷基硫代甲基)-4-壬基苯酚。
1.3.氢醌和烷基氢醌,例如2,6-二叔丁基-4-甲氧基苯酚、2,5-二叔丁基氢醌、2,5-二叔戊基氢醌、2,6-二苯基-4-十八烷氧基苯酚、2,6-二叔丁基氢醌、2,5-二叔丁基-4-羟基苯甲醚、3,5-二叔丁基-4-羟基苯甲醚、硬脂酸(3,5-二叔丁基-4-羟基苯)酯、己二酸双(3,5-二叔丁基-4-羟基苯酯)。
1.4.生育酚,例如α-生育酚、β-生育酚、γ-生育酚、δ-生育酚及其混合物(vitamin E)。
1.5.羟基化二苯硫醚,例如2,2’-硫代双(6-叔丁基-4-甲基苯酚)、2,2’-硫代双(4-辛基苯酚)、4,4’-硫代双(6-叔丁基-3-甲基苯酚)、4,4’-硫代双(6-叔丁基-2-甲基苯酚)、4,4’-硫代双(3,6-二仲戊基苯酚)、4,4’-双(2,6-二甲基-4-羟基苯基)二硫。
1.6.亚烷基二苯酚,例如2,2’-亚甲基-双(6-叔丁基-4-甲基苯酚)、2,2’-亚甲基-双(6-叔丁基-4-乙基苯酚)、2,2’-亚甲基-双[4-甲基-6-(α-甲基环己基)苯酚]、2,2’-亚甲基-双(4-甲基-6-环己基苯酚)、2,2’-亚甲基-双(6-壬基-4-甲基苯酚)、2,2’-亚甲基-双(4,6-二叔丁基苯酚)、2,2’-亚乙基-双(4,6-二叔丁基苯酚)、2,2’-亚乙基-双(6-叔丁基-4-异丁基苯酚)、2,2’-亚甲基-双[6-(α-甲基苄基)-4-壬基苯酚]、2,2’-亚甲基-双[6-(α,α-二甲基苄基)-4-壬基苯酚]、4,4’-亚甲基-双(2,6-二叔丁基苯酚)、4,4’-亚甲基-双(6-叔丁基-2-甲基苯酚)、1,1-双(5-叔丁基-4-羟基-2-甲基苯基)丁烷、2,6-双(3-叔丁基-5-甲基-2-羟基苄基)-4-甲基苯酚、1,1,3-三(5-叔丁基-4-羟基-2-甲基苯基)丁烷、1,1-双(5-叔丁基-4-羟基-2-甲基苯基)-3-正十二硫基丁烷、乙二醇二[3,3-双(3’-叔丁基-4’-羟基苯基)丁酸酯]、双(3-叔丁基-4-羟基-5-甲基苯基)二聚环戊二烯、对苯二甲酸二[2-(3’-叔丁基-2’-羟基-5’-甲基苄基)-6-叔丁基-4-甲基苯基酯]、1,1-双(3,5-二甲基-2-羟基苯基)丁烷、2,2-双(3,5-二叔丁基-4-羟基苯基)丙烷、2,2-双(5-叔丁基-4-羟基-2-甲基苯基)-4-正十二硫基丁烷、1,1,5,5-四(5-叔丁基-4-羟基-2-甲基苯基)戊烷。
1.7.O-、N-和S-苄基化合物,例如3,5,3′,5’-四叔丁基-4,4’-二羟基二苄醚、4-羟基-3,5-二甲基苄基巯基乙酸十八烷醇酯、4-羟基-3,5-二叔丁基苄基巯基乙酸十三烷醇酯、三(3,5-二叔丁基-4-羟基苄基)胺、二硫代对苯二甲酸二(4-叔丁基-3-羟基-2,6-二甲基苄酯)、二(3,5-二叔丁基-4-羟基-苄基)硫醚、3,5-二叔丁基-4-羟基苄基巯基乙酸异辛酯。
1.8.羟苄基化丙二酸酯,例如2,2-双(3,5-二叔丁基-2-羟苄基)丙二酸二(十八醇酯)、2-(3-叔丁基-4-羟基-5-甲基苄基)丙二酸二(十八醇酯)、2,2-双(3,5-二叔丁基-4-羟基苄基)丙二酸二(十二烷硫基乙酯)、2,2-双(3,5-二叔丁基-4-羟基苄基)丙二酸二[4-(1,1,3,3-四甲基丁基)苯酯]。
1.9.芳族羟苄基化合物,例如1,3,5-三(3,5-二叔丁基-4-羟基-苄基)-2,4,6-三甲基苯、1,4-双(3,5-二叔丁基-4-羟基苄基)-2,3,5,6-四甲基苯、2,4,6-三(3,5-二叔丁基-4-羟基苄基)苯酚。
1.10.三嗪化合物,例如2,4-二辛硫基-6-(3,5-二叔丁基-4-羟基-苯胺基)-1,3,5-三嗪、2-辛硫基-4,6-双(3,5-二叔丁基-4-羟基-苯胺基)-1,3,5-三嗪、2-辛硫基-4,6-双(3,5-二叔丁基-4-羟基苯氧基)-1,3,5-三嗪、2,4,6-三(3,5-二叔丁基-4-羟基苯氧基)-1,2,3-三嗪、1,3,5-三(3,5-二叔丁基-4-羟基苄基)异氰脲酸酯、1,3,5-三(4-叔丁基-3-羟基-2,6-二甲基苄基)异氰脲酸酯、2,4,6-三(3,5-二叔丁基-4-羟基苯乙基)-1,3,5-三嗪、1,3,5-三(3,5-二叔丁基-4-羟基-苯丙酰基)-六氢-1,3,5-三嗪、1,3,5-三(3,5-二环己基-4-羟基苄基)异氰脲酸酯。
1.11.苄基磷酸酯,例如2,5-二叔丁基-4-羟基苄基磷酸二甲酯、3,5-二叔丁基-4-羟基苄基磷酸二乙酯、3,5-二叔丁基-4-羟基苄基磷酸二(十八烷醇酯)、5-叔丁基-4-羟基-3-甲基苄基磷酸二(十八烷醇酯)、3,5-二叔丁基-4-羟基苄基磷酸单乙酯的钙盐。
1.12.酰胺基苯酚,例如4-羟基月桂酰苯胺(4-hydroxylauranilide)、4-羟基硬脂酰苯胺、N-(3,5-二叔丁基-4-羟基苯基)氨基甲酸辛酯。
1.13.β-(3,5-二叔丁基-4-羟基苯基)丙酸与一元或多元醇的酯,所述醇例如甲醇、乙醇、正辛醇、异辛醇、十八醇、1,6-己二醇、1,9-壬二醇、乙二醇、1,2-丙二醇、新戊二醇、硫代二乙二醇、二甘醇、三甘醇、季戊四醇、三(羟乙基)异氰脲酸酯、N,N’-二(羟乙基)草酰胺、3-硫杂十一烷醇、3-硫杂十五烷醇、三甲基己二醇、三羟甲基丙烷、4-羟甲基-1-磷杂-2,6,7-三氧杂二环[2.2.2]辛烷。
1.14.β-(5-叔丁基-4-羟基-3-甲基苯基)丙酸和一元或多元醇的酯,所述醇例如:甲醇、乙醇、正辛醇、异辛醇、十八醇、1,6-己二醇、1,9-壬二醇、乙二醇、1,2-丙二醇、新戊二醇、硫代二乙二醇、二甘醇、三甘醇、季戊四醇、三(羟乙基)异氰脲酸酯、N,N’-二(羟乙基)草酰胺、3-硫杂十一烷醇、3-硫杂十五烷醇、三甲基己二醇、三羟甲基丙烷、4-羟甲基-1-磷杂-2,6,7-三氧杂二环[2.2.2]辛烷;3,9-双[2-{3-(3-叔丁基-4-羟基-5-甲基苯基)丙酰氧基}-1,1-二甲基乙基]-2,4,8,10-四氧杂螺[5.5]十一烷。
1.15.β-(3,5-二环己基-4-羟基苯基)丙酸和一元或多元醇的酯,所述醇例如:甲醇、乙醇、辛醇、十八醇、1,6-己二醇、1,9-壬二醇、乙二醇、1,2-丙二醇、新戊二醇、硫代二乙二醇、二甘醇、三甘醇、季戊四醇、三(羟乙基)异氰脲酸酯、N,N’-二(羟乙基)草酰胺、3-硫杂十一烷醇、3-硫杂十五烷醇、三甲基己二醇、三羟甲基丙烷、4-羟甲基-1-磷杂-2,6,7-三氧杂二环[2.2.2]辛烷。
1.16.3,5-二叔丁基-4-羟基苯基乙酸和一元或多元醇的酯,所述醇例如:甲醇、乙醇、辛醇、十八醇、1,6-己二醇、1,9-壬二醇、乙二醇、1,2-丙二醇、新戊二醇、硫代二乙二醇、二甘醇、三甘醇、季戊四醇、三(羟乙基)异氰脲酸酯、N,N’-二(羟乙基)草酰胺、3-硫杂十一烷醇、3-硫杂十五烷醇、三甲基己二醇、三羟甲基丙烷、4-羟甲基-1-磷杂-2,6,7-三氧杂二环[2.2.2]辛烷。
1.17.β-(3,5-二叔丁基-4-羟基苯基)丙酸的酰胺,例如N,N’-双(3,5-二叔丁基-4-羟基苯基丙酰基)-1,6-己二酰胺、N,N’-双(3,5-二叔丁基-4-羟基苯基丙酰基)-1,3-丙二酰胺、N,N’-双(3,5-二叔丁基-4-羟基苯基丙酰基)肼、N,N’-双[2-(3-[3,5-二叔丁基-4-羟基苯基]丙酰氧基)乙基]草酰胺(XL-1,得自Uniroyal)。
1.18.抗坏血酸(vitamin C)
1.19.胺抗氧化剂,例如N,N’-二异丙基对苯二胺、N,N’-二仲丁基对苯二胺、N,N’-二(1,4-二甲基戊基)对苯二胺、N,N’-二(1-乙基-3-甲基戊基)对苯二胺、N,N’-二(1-甲基庚基)对苯二胺、N,N’-二环己基对苯二胺、N,N’-二苯基对苯二胺、N,N’-二(2-萘基)对苯二胺、N-异丙基-N’-苯基对苯二胺、N-(1,3-二甲基丁基)-N’-苯基对苯二胺、N-(1-甲基庚基)-N’-苯基对苯二胺、N-环己基-N’-苯基对苯二胺、4-(对甲苯氨磺酰基)二苯胺、N,N’-二甲基-N,N’-二仲丁基对苯二胺、二苯胺、N-烯丙基二苯胺、4-异丙氧基二苯胺、N-苯基-1-萘胺、N-(4-叔辛基苯基)-1-萘胺、N-苯基-2-萘胺、辛基化二苯胺(如p,p’-二叔辛基二苯胺)、4-正丁基氨基苯酚、4-丁酰氨基苯酚、4-壬酰氨基苯酚、4-十二酰氨基苯酚、4-十八酰氨基苯酚、二(4-甲氧基苯基)胺、2,6-二叔丁基-4-二甲氨基甲酚、2,4’-二氨基二苯基甲烷、4,4’-二氨基二苯基甲烷、N,N,N′,N’-四甲基-4,4’-二氨基二苯基甲烷、1,2-二[(2-甲基苯基)氨基]乙烷、1,2-二(苯基氨基)丙烷、邻甲苯基双胍、双[4-(1’,3’-二甲基丁基)苯基]胺、叔辛基化N-苯基-1-萘胺、单和二烷基化叔丁基/叔辛基二苯胺的混合物、单和二烷基化壬基二苯胺的混合物、单和二烷基化的十二烷基二苯胺的混合物、单和二烷基化的异丙基/异己基二苯胺的混合物、单和二烷基化的叔丁基二苯胺的混合物、2,3-二氢-3,3-二甲基-4H-1,4-苯并噻嗪、吩噻嗪、单和二烷基化叔丁基/叔辛基吩噻嗪的混合物、单和二烷基化叔辛基吩噻嗪的混合物、N-烯丙基吩噻嗪、N,N,N′,N’-四苯基-1,4-二氨基-2-丁烯、[N,N-二(2,2,6,6-四甲基哌啶-4-基)]-1,6-己二胺、癸二酸二(2,2,6,6-四甲基哌啶-4-基酯)、2,2,6,6-四甲基哌啶-4-酮、2,2,6,6-四甲基哌啶-4-醇。
2.UV吸收剂和光稳定剂
2.1.2-(2’-羟苯基)苯并三唑,例如2-(2’-羟基-5’-甲基苯基)苯并三唑、2-(3’,5’-二叔丁基-2’-羟基苯基)苯并三唑、2-(5’-叔丁基-2’-羟基苯基)苯并三唑、2-[2’-羟基-5’-(1,1,3,3-四甲基丁基)苯基]苯并三唑、2-(3′,5’-二叔丁基-2’-羟基苯基)-5-氯苯并三唑、2-(3’-叔丁基-2’-羟基-5’-甲基苯基)-5-氯苯并三唑、2-(3’-仲丁基-5’-叔丁基-2’-羟基苯基)苯并三唑、2-(2’-羟基-4’-辛氧基苯基)苯并三唑、2-(3’,5’-二叔戊基-2’-羟基苯基)苯并三唑、2-[3’,5’-双(α,α-二甲基苄基)-2’-羟基苯基]苯并三唑、2-[3’-叔丁基-2’-羟基-5’-(2-辛氧基羰乙基)苯基]-5-氯苯并三唑、2-{3’-叔丁基-5’-[2-(2-乙基己氧基)羰乙基]-2’-羟苯基}-5-氯苯并三唑、2-[3’-叔丁基-2’-羟基-5’-(2-甲氧基羰乙基)苯基]-5-氯苯并三唑、2-[3’-叔丁基-2’-羟基-5’-(2-甲氧基羰乙基)苯基]苯并三唑、2-[3’-叔丁基-2’-羟基-5’-(2-辛氧基羰乙基)苯基]苯并三唑、2-{3’-叔丁基-5’-[2-(2-乙基己氧基)羰乙基]-2’-羟基苯基}苯并三唑、2-(3’-十二烷基-2’-羟基-5’-甲基苯基)苯并三唑、2-(3’-叔丁基-2’-羟基-5’-(2-异辛氧基羰乙基)苯基苯并三唑、2,2’-亚甲基-双[4-(1,1,3,3-四甲基丁基)-6-苯并三唑-2-基-苯酚];2-[3’-叔丁基-5’-(2-甲氧基羰乙基)-2’-羟基苯基]-2H-苯并三唑和聚乙二醇300的酯交换产物、[R-CH2CH2-COO-CH2CH2-]2其中R=3’-叔丁基-4’-羟基-5’-2H-苯并三唑-2-基-苯基、2-[2’-羟基-3’-(α,α-二甲基苄基)-5’-(1,1,3,3-四甲基丁基)苯基]苯并三唑、2-[2’-羟基-3’-(1,1,3,3-四甲基丁基)-5’-(α,α-二甲基苄基)苯基]苯并三唑的酯交换产物。
2.2.2-羟基二苯甲酮,例如4-羟基、4-甲氧基、4-辛氧基、4-癸氧基、4-十二烷氧基、4-苄氧基、4,2’,4’-三羟基和2’-羟基-4,4’-二甲氧基衍生物。
2.3.取代和未取代苯甲酸的酯,例如水杨酸-4-叔丁基苯酯、水杨酸苯酯、水杨酸辛基苯酯、间苯二酚二苯甲酸酯、双(4-叔丁基苯甲酸酯)间苯二酚、间苯二酚苯甲酸酯、3,5-二叔丁基-4-羟基苯甲酸(2,4-二叔丁基苯酯)、3,5-二叔丁基-4-羟基苯甲酸十六醇酯、3,5-二叔丁基-4-羟基苯甲酸十八醇酯、3,5-二叔丁基-4-羟基苯甲酸(2-甲基-4,6-二叔丁基苯酯)。
2.4.丙烯酸酯,例如α-氰基-β,β-二苯基丙烯酸乙酯、α-氰基-β,β-二苯基丙烯酸异辛酯、α-甲酯基肉桂酸甲酯、α-氰基-β-甲基-对甲氧基肉桂酸甲酯、α-氰基-β-甲基-对甲氧基肉桂酸丁酯、α-甲酯基-对甲氧基肉桂酸甲酯和N-(β-甲酯基-β-氰基乙烯基)-2-甲基二氢吲哚。
2.5.镍化合物,例如2,2’-硫代双[4-(1,1,3,3-四甲基丁基)苯酚]的镍络合物,如1∶1或1∶2的络合物,其中可包含或不包含其他配位体如正丁胺、三乙醇胺或N-环己基二乙醇胺、二丁基二硫代氨基甲酸镍、4-羟基-3,5-二叔丁基苄基磷酸的单烷基酯(如甲酯或乙酯)的镍盐、酮肟如2-羟基-4-甲基苯基十一烷基酮肟的镍络合物、1-苯基-4-月桂酰基-5-羟基吡唑的镍络合物,可含或不含其他配位体。
2.6.空间位阻胺,例如癸二酸二(2,2,6,6-四甲基-4-哌啶酯)、丁二酸二(2,2,6,6-四甲基-4-哌啶酯)、癸二酸二(1,2,2,6,6-五甲基-4-哌啶酯)、癸二酸二(1-辛氧基-2,2,6,6-四甲基-4-哌啶酯)、正丁基-3,5-二叔丁基-4-羟基苄基丙二酸二(1,2,2,6,6-五甲基-4-哌啶酯)、1-(2-羟乙基)-2,2,6,6-四甲基-4-羟基哌啶与丁二酸的缩合物、N,N’-双(2,2,6,6-四甲基-4-哌啶基)六亚甲基二胺与4-叔辛基氨基-2,6-二氯-1,3,5-三嗪的直链或环状缩合物、次氨基三乙酸三(2,2,6,6-四甲基-4-哌啶酯)、1,2,3,4-丁四甲酸四(2,2,6,6-四甲基-4-哌啶酯)、1,1’-(1,2-亚乙基)-双(3,3,5,5-四甲基哌嗪酮)、4-苯甲酰基-2,2,6,6-四甲基哌啶、4-硬脂酰氧基-2,2,6,6-四甲基-哌啶、2-正丁基-2-(2-羟基-3,5-二叔丁基苄基)丙二酸二(1,2,2,6,6-五甲基哌啶酯)、3-正辛基-7,7,9,9-四甲基-1,3,8-三氮杂螺[4.5]癸烷-2,4-二酮、癸二酸二(1-辛氧基-2,2,6,6-四甲基哌啶酯)、丁二酸二(1-辛氧基-2,2,6,6-四甲基哌啶酯)、N,N’-双(2,2,6,6-四甲基-4-哌啶基)六亚甲基二胺与4-吗啉代-2,6-二氯-1,3,5-三嗪的直链或环状缩合物、2-氯-4,6-双(4-正丁基氨基-2,2,6,6-四甲基哌啶基)-1,3,5-三嗪与1,2-双(3-氨基丙基氨基)乙烷的缩合物、2-氯-4,6-二(4-正丁基氨基-1,2,2,6,6-五甲基哌啶基)-1,3,5-三嗪与1,2-双(3-氨基丙基氨基)乙烷的缩合物、8-乙酰基-3-十二烷基-7,7,9,9-四甲基-1,3,8-三氮杂螺[4.5]癸烷-2,4-酮、3-十二烷基-1-(2,2,6,6-四甲基-4-哌啶基)吡咯烷-2,5-二酮、3-十二烷基-1-(1,2,2,6,6-五甲基-4-哌啶基)吡咯烷-2,5-二酮、4-十六烷氧基-与4-硬脂酰氧基-2,2,6,6-四甲基哌啶的混合物、N,N’-双(2,2,6,6-四甲基-4-哌啶基)六亚甲基二胺与4-环己基氨基-2,6-二氯-1,3,5-三嗪的缩合物、1,2-双(3-氨基丙基氨基)乙烷与2,4,6-三氯-1,3,5-三嗪的缩合物以及4-丁基氨基-2,2,6,6-四甲基哌啶(CAS注册号[136504-96-6])、1,6-己二胺与2,4,6-三氯-1,3,5-三嗪的缩合物以及N,N-二丁基胺与4-丁基氨基-2,2,6,6-四甲基哌啶(CAS注册号[192268-64-7])的缩合物、N-(2,2,6,6-四甲基-4-哌啶基)-正十二烷基琥珀酰亚胺、N-(1,2,2,6,6-五甲基-4-哌啶基)-正十二烷基琥珀酰亚胺、2-十一烷基-7,7,9,9-四甲基-1-氧杂-3,8-二氮杂-4-氧代-螺[4,5]癸烷、7,7,9,9-四甲基-2-环十一烷基-1-氧杂-3,8-二氮杂-4-氧代-螺-[4,5]癸烷与表氯醇的反应产物、1,1-双(1,2,2,6,6-五甲基-4-哌啶氧基羰基)-2-(4-甲氧基苯基)乙烯、N,N’-二甲酰基-N,N’-双(2,2,6,6-四甲基-4-哌啶基)六亚甲基二胺、4-甲氧基亚甲基丙二酸与1,2,2,6,6-五甲基-4-羟基哌啶的二酯、聚[甲基丙基-3-氧基-4-(2,2,6,6-四甲基-4-哌啶基)]硅氧烷、马来酸酐-α-烯烃共聚物与2,2,6,6-四甲基-4-氨基哌啶或1,2,2,6,6-五甲基-4-氨基哌啶的反应产物。
2.7.草酰胺,例如N,N’-二(对辛氧基苯基)草酰胺、N,N’-二(邻乙氧基苯基)草酰胺、N,N’-二(2-辛氧基-5-叔丁基苯基)草酰胺、N,N’-二(2-十二烷氧基-5-叔丁基苯基)草酰胺、N-(2-乙氧基苯基)-N’-(2-乙基苯基)草酰胺、N,N’-二(3-二甲基氨基丙基)草酰胺、N-(2-乙氧基-5-叔丁基苯基)-N’-(2-乙基苯基)草酰胺及其和N-(2-乙氧基-5-叔丁基苯基)-N’-(2-乙基-4-叔丁基苯基)草酰胺的混合物、邻和对甲氧基二取代的N,N’-二苯基草酰胺的混合物以及邻和对乙氧基二取代的N,N’-二苯基草酰胺的混合物。
2.8.2-(2-羟基苯基)-1,3,5-三嗪,例如2,4,6-三(2-羟基-4-辛氧基苯基)-1,3,5-三嗪、2-(2-羟基-4-辛氧基苯基)-4,6-二(2,4-二甲基苯基)-1,3,5-三嗪、2-(2,4-二羟基苯基)-4,6-二(2,4-二甲基苯基)-1,3,5-三嗪、2,4-二(2-羟基-4-丙氧基苯基)-6-(2,4-二甲基苯基)-1,3,5-三嗪、2-(2-羟基-4-辛氧基苯基)-4,6-二(4-甲基苯基)-1,3,5-三嗪、2-(2-羟基-4-十二烷氧基苯基)-4,6-二(2,4-二甲基苯基)-1,3,5-三嗪、2-(2-羟基-4-十三烷氧基苯基)-4,6-二(2,4-二甲基苯基)-1,3,5-三嗪、2-[2-羟基-4-(2-羟基-3-丁氧基丙氧基)苯基]-4,6-二(2,4-二甲基)-1,3,5-三嗪、2-[2-羟基-4-(2-羟基-3-辛氧基丙氧基)苯基]-4,6-二(2,4-二甲基)-1,3,5-三嗪、2-[4-(十二烷氧基/十三烷氧基-2-羟基丙氧基)-2-羟基苯基]-4,6-二(2,4-二甲基苯基)-1,3,5-三嗪、2-[2-羟基-4-(2-羟基-3-十二烷氧基丙氧基)苯基]-4,6-二(2,4-二甲基苯基)-1,3,5-三嗪、2-(2-羟基-4-己氧基)苯基-4,6-二苯基-1,3,5-三嗪、2-(2-羟基-4-甲氧基苯基)-4,6-二苯基-1,3,5-三嗪、2,4,6-三[2-羟基-4-(3-丁氧基-2-羟基丙氧基)苯基]-1,3,5-三嗪、2-(2-羟基苯基)-4-(4-甲氧基苯基)-6-苯基-1,3,5-三嗪、2-{2-羟基-4-[3-(2-乙基己基-1-氧基)-2-羟基丙氧基]苯基}-4,6-二(2,4-二甲基苯基)-1,3,5-三嗪。
3.金属去活化剂,例如N,N’-二苯基草酰胺、N-水杨醛-N’-水杨酰肼、N,N’-二水杨酰肼、N,N’-二(3,5-二叔丁基-4-羟基苯基丙酰)肼、3-水杨酰氨基-1,2,4-三唑、二亚苄基草酰二肼、N,N’-二苯基草酰胺、异邻苯二甲酰肼、N,N’-二苯基癸二酰肼、N,N’-二乙酰己二酰肼、N,N’-二水杨酰草酰肼、N,N’-二水杨酰硫代丙酰肼。
4.亚磷酸酯和亚膦酸酯,例如亚磷酸三苯酯、亚磷酸二苯基酯烷基酯、亚磷酸苯基酯二烷基酯、亚磷酸三(壬基苯基酯)、亚磷酸三(十二烷基酯)、亚磷酸三(十八烷基酯)、二亚磷酸季戊四醇二十八烷酯、亚磷酸三(2,4-二叔丁基苯基酯)、二亚磷酸季戊四醇二异癸酯、二亚磷酸季戊四醇二(2,4-二叔丁基苯基酯)、二亚磷酸季戊四醇二(2,4-二枯基苯基酯)、二亚磷酸季戊四醇二(2,6-二叔丁基-4-甲基苯基酯)、二亚磷酸季戊四醇二异癸氧基酯、二亚磷酸季戊四醇二(2,4-二叔丁基-6-甲基苯基酯)、二亚磷酸季戊四醇二(2,4,6-三叔丁基苯基酯)、山梨醇三亚磷酸三十八烷基酯、4,4’-亚联苯基二亚磷酸四(2,4-二叔丁基苯基酯)、6-异辛氧基-2,4,8,10-四叔丁基-12H-二苯并[d,g]-1,3,2-二氧杂磷杂辛英、亚磷酸二(2,4-二叔丁基-6-甲基苯基酯)甲基酯、亚磷酸二(2,4-二叔丁基-6-甲基苯基酯)乙基酯、6-氟-2,4,8,10-四叔丁基-12-甲基-二苯并[d,g]-1,3,2-二氧杂磷杂辛英、2,2’,2”-次氮基-[三乙基三(3,3′,5,5’-四叔丁基-1,1’-联苯-2,2’-二基)亚磷酸酯]、亚磷酸2-乙基己基酯(3,3′,5,5’-四叔丁基-1,1’-联苯-2,2’-二基酯)、5-丁基-5-乙基-2-(2,4,6-三叔丁基苯氧基)-1,3,2-二氧杂磷杂环丙烷。
特别优选下面的亚磷酸酯:
5.羟胺,例如N,N-二苄基羟胺、N,N-二乙基羟胺、N,N-二辛基羟胺、N,N-二(十二烷基)羟胺、N,N-二(十四烷基)羟胺、N,N-二(十六烷基)羟胺、N,N-二(十八烷基)羟胺、N-十六烷基-N-十八烷基羟胺、N-十七烷基-N-十八烷基羟胺、衍生于衍生自氢化牛油脂肪胺的N,N-二烷基羟胺。
6.硝酮,例如N-苄基-α-苯基硝酮、N-乙基-α-甲基硝酮、N-辛基-α-庚基硝酮、N-十二烷基-α-十一烷基硝酮、N-十四烷基-α-三癸基硝酮、N-十六烷基-α-十五烷基硝酮、N-十八烷基-α-十七烷基硝酮、N-十六烷基-α-十七烷基硝酮、N-十八烷基-α-十五烷基硝酮、N-十七烷基-α-十七烷基硝酮、N-十八烷基-α-十六烷基硝酮、衍生自N,N-二烷基羟胺(衍生自牛油脂肪胺)的硝酮。
7.硫代增效剂,例如硫代二丙酸二月桂酯和硫代二丙酸二硬脂醇酯。
8.过氧化物清除剂,例如β-硫代丙酸酯,如十二烷基酯、十八烷基酯、十四烷基酯或十三烷基酯、硫代苯并咪唑或2-硫代苯并咪唑的锌盐、二丁基二硫代氨基甲酸锌、二(十八烷基)二硫、季戊四醇四(β-十二烷基硫基丙酸酯)。
9.聚酰胺稳定剂,例如铜盐和碘化物和/或磷化物以及二价锰盐的结合。
10.碱性共稳定剂,例如三聚氰胺、聚乙烯吡咯烷酮、二聚氨基氰、氰脲酸三烯丙基酯、脲衍生物、肼衍生物、胺、聚酰胺、聚氨酯、高级脂肪酸的碱金属盐和碱土金属盐(如硬脂酸钙、硬脂酸锌、山萮酸镁、硬脂酸镁、蓖麻醇酸钠和棕榈酸钾)、邻苯二酚锑或邻苯二酚锌。
11.成核剂,例如无机物,例如滑石粉,金属氧化物(如二氧化钛和氧化镁),金属的磷酸盐、碳酸盐或硫酸盐(优选碱土金属盐);有机化合物,例如一元或多元羧酸及其盐(如4-叔丁基苯甲酸、己二酸、二苯基乙酸、丁二酸钠或苯甲酸钠);聚合物(例如离子共聚物(离子交联聚合物)。特别优选1,3:2,4-二(3’,4’-二甲基亚苄基)山梨醇、1,3:2,4-二(对甲基二亚苄基)山梨醇和1,3:2,4-二(亚苄基)山梨醇。
12.填料和补强剂,例如碳酸钙、硅酸盐、玻璃纤维、玻璃珠、石棉、滑石粉、高岭土、云母、硫酸钡、金属氧化物、金属氢氧化物、炭黑、石墨、木材碎粉或其他天然产物的碎粉或纤维、合成纤维。
13.其他添加剂,例如增塑剂、润滑剂、乳化剂、颜料、流变剂、催化剂、流动控制剂、增白剂、阻燃剂、抗静电剂和发泡剂。
14.苯并呋喃酮和吲哚满酮,例如公开于下列专利中的那些:US-A-4,325,863、US-A-4,338,244、US-A-5,175,312、US-A-5,216,052、US-A-5,252,643、DE-A-4316611、DE-A-4316622、DE-A-4316876、EP-A-0589839或EP-A-0591102或3-[4-(2-乙酰氧基乙氧基)-苯基]-5,7-二叔丁基苯并呋喃-2-酮、5,7-二叔丁基-3-[4-(2-硬脂酰氧基乙氧基)苯基]-苯并呋喃-2-酮、3,3’-双[5,7-二叔丁基-3-(4-[2-羟基乙氧基]苯基)苯并呋喃-2-酮]、5,7-二叔丁基-3-(4-乙氧基苯基)苯并呋喃-2-酮、3-(4-乙酰氧基-3,5-二甲基苯基)-5,7-二叔丁基苯并呋喃-2-酮、3-(3,5-二甲基-4-新戊酰氧基苯基)-5,7-二叔丁基苯并呋喃-2-酮、3-(3,4-二甲基苯基)-5,7-二叔丁基苯并呋喃-2-酮、3-(2,3-二甲基苯基)-5,7-二叔丁基苯并呋喃-2-酮。
采用常规技术可将本发明的聚合烷氧基胺和任选的其他添加剂掺入到需要稳定的聚合物中。
可将本发明的添加剂与任选的其他组分分别或者混合在一起加入到聚合物材料中。如果需要,可通过例如干混、压缩或熔化,在掺入到聚合物之前将各个组分混合。
可采用已知的方法例如以粉末形式干混或以在例如惰性溶剂、水或油中的溶液、分散液或悬浮液的形式湿混,将本发明的添加剂和任选的其他添加剂掺入聚合物中。可在模塑前或者模塑后将本发明的添加剂和任选的其他添加剂掺入到聚合物中,或者将溶解的或者分散的添加剂或添加剂混合物掺入聚合物材料中,随后蒸发或无需蒸发溶剂或悬浮剂/分散剂。也可将例如以干混物、粉末、溶液、分散液、悬浮液或熔化物形式的这些添加剂直接加入加工装置中(例如挤出机、密闭式混合机等)。
可在带有搅拌器的任何可加热的容器、例如密闭的装置(例如捏合机、混合器或搅拌容器)中进行掺入。优选在挤出机或捏合机中进行掺入。该过程是在惰性气氛下还是在氧存在下进行并不重要。
向聚合物中加入添加剂或添加剂混合物可在所有常规的可熔融聚合物并将其与添加剂混合的混合设备中进行。适合的设备为本领域技术人员所熟知。这些设备主要为混合器、捏合机和挤出机。
所述方法优选通过在加工工程中向挤出机中加入所述添加剂进行。
特别优选加工设备为单螺杆挤出机、反向和同向双螺杆挤出机、行星式齿轮挤出机、环式挤出机或共捏合机。也可使用具有至少一个可施加真空的排气室的加工设备。
适合的挤出机和捏合机见述于例如Handbuch der Kunststoffex-trusion,第1卷Grundlagen,Editors F.Hensen,W.Knappe,H.Potente,1989,3-7页,ISBN:3-446-14339-4(第二卷Extrusionsanlagen1986,ISBN 3-446-14329-7)。
例如螺杆长度为螺杆直径的1-60倍,优选35-48倍。优选螺杆的转速为10-600转/分钟(rpm),非常特别优选25-300rpm。
最大生产量取决于螺杆直径、转速和驱动力。通过改变上述的参数或使用输送用量的计量设备使所述添加剂的掺入在低于最大生产量的水平下进行。
如果需加入多种组分,可将各种添加剂预混合或各自单独加入。
也可将本发明的添加剂和任选的其他添加剂喷在所述聚合物材料上。本发明的添加剂能稀释其他添加剂(例如上述的常规添加剂)或其熔融物,以便可与这些其他添加剂一起喷到所述材料上。最好在聚合催化剂的失活过程中喷入,在这种情况下,发出的物料流可用于催化剂的失活。例如对于球形聚烯烃,可最好例如通过喷雾本发明的添加剂(任选与其他添加剂)来进行施用。
也可以母料(“浓缩物”)的形式将本发明的添加剂和任选的其他添加剂加入聚合物中,所述母料包含例如占聚合物重量的大约1%-大约40%、优选大约2%-大约20%的各种添加剂组分。该聚合物无需与添加剂最后加入时的聚合物的结构相同。在这种操作中,该聚合物可为粉末、颗粒、溶液、悬浮液或胶乳形式。
可在成型之前或成型过程中进行所述掺入,或者通过在聚合物中施用溶解的或分散的化合物,随后蒸发溶剂或无需蒸发溶剂来进行所述掺入。对于弹性体,所述添加剂可以稳定的胶乳形式。另一个将本发明的添加剂掺入聚合物的可行方法是在相应的单体聚合前、聚合中、刚聚合后或者在交联之前进行所述掺入。在本文的上下文中,本发明的添加剂可以其本身或其包囊形式(在例如蜡、油或聚合物中)加入。
含有上述的本发明添加剂的材料可用于制备模塑制品、滚塑制品、注塑制品、吹塑制品、薄膜、带材、单丝、纤维、非织造物、型材、粘合剂、腻子、表面涂料等。
本发明的再一个方面是由上述方法得到的聚合物作为天然或合成聚合物的稳定剂、天然或合成聚合物的阻燃剂以及聚合反应的引发剂/自由基聚合反应调节剂的用途。
以下实施例用来说明本发明。
实施例1:2-溴-2-甲基丙酸2,2,6,6-四甲基-N-氧化哌啶-4-基酯-的ATRA缩聚反应
a)2-溴-2-甲基丙酸2,2,6,6-四甲基-N-氧化哌啶-4-基酯的制备
往17.2g(0.1mol)4-羟基-2,2,6,6-四甲基-N-氧化哌啶(4-羟基TEMPO)的150ml甲苯溶液中加入17.85ml(0.128mol)三乙胺。在30-35℃下滴加29.4g(0.128mol)2-溴异丁酸溴化物。在室温下将该混合物搅拌24小时。加入200ml水并分离有机相。用水洗有机相2次,每次50ml,经MgSO4干燥并蒸发溶剂。从甲醇中重结晶后得到20.65g(64%)红色结晶的标题化合物,该化合物的熔点为77-79℃。
C13H23BrNO3计算值:C 48.61%,H 7.22%,N 4.36%;实测值:C 48.63%,H 7.11%,N 4.33%。
b)ATRA缩聚
往6.22g(0.02mol)2-溴-2-甲基丙酸2,2,6,6-四甲基-N-氧化哌啶-4-基酯的25ml二甲基甲酰胺(DMFA)溶液中加入3.96g(0.04mol)CuCl。在20-25℃、氩气气氛中,在252分钟内使用计量泵往搅拌的悬浮液中连续加入8.4ml(0.04mol)五甲基二亚乙基三胺。在室温下将该混合物再搅拌17小时。随后加入300ml水和700ml二氯甲烷。分离有机相,用75ml水和10mlHCl(32%)摇混,用水洗涤3次,每次100ml,用100ml1M的NaHCO3洗涤1次,经MgSO4干燥并蒸发溶剂。得到4.65g具有下式的理想结构的浅黄色无定形聚合物:
Mn=1399,Mw=2175。
X主要为Br;Y主要为:
*代表连接键。但是也可由氮氧基官能团的还原或者卤化氢的消除得到少量其他的端位基团。
实施例2:氯苯基乙酸2,2,6,6-四甲基-N-氧化哌啶-4-基酯的ATRA缩聚反应
a)氯苯基乙酸2,2,6,6-四甲基-N-氧化哌啶-4-基酯的制备
向7.9g(0.05mol)4-羟基-2,2,6,6-四甲基哌啶在40ml甲苯的悬浮液中加入7.3ml(0.0515mol)三乙胺,随后在10℃下滴加10.7g(0.0515mol)α-氯苯基乙酸。在室温下将该混合物搅拌3小时,然后加入200ml水并分离有机相。用水洗涤有机相2次,每次50ml,经MgSO4干燥并蒸发溶剂。将残留物溶于20ml甲苯,加入8ml水,在20-30℃下往搅拌的乳液中滴加5.2g(0.08mol)过乙酸(40%乙酸溶液)。通过同时滴加40%的NaOH水溶液使过乙酸的加入过程中该混合物的pH值稳定在6-6.2。搅拌1小时后,分离有机相,用1M的NaHCO3洗涤2次,每次50ml,用50ml水洗涤1次,经MgSO4干燥并蒸发溶剂。通过硅胶气相色谱(用己烷-乙酸乙酯洗脱剂(6∶1))纯化该残留物,得到10.35g(63.7%)红色油状的标题化合物。
C17H23ClNO3计算值:C 62.86%,H 7.14%,N 4.31%,Cl 10.91%;实测值:C 62.97%,H 7.17%,N 4.19%,Cl 10.9%。
b)ATRA缩聚
按照实施例1的方法,将在25ml二甲基甲酰胺(DMFA)中的6.497g(0.02mol)氯苯基乙酸2,2,6,6-四甲基-N-氧化哌啶-4-基酯、3.96g(0.04mol)CuCl和8.4ml(0.04mol)五甲基二亚乙基三胺聚合。得到5.64g具有下式的理想结构的浅黄色玻璃状聚合物:
Mn=1621,Mw=7163。
X主要为Cl;Y主要为:
*代表连接键。但是也可由氮氧基官能团的还原或者卤化氢的消除得到少量其他的端位基团。
实施例3:癸二酸二(2,2,6,6-四甲基-N-氧化哌啶-4-基酯)与2-溴-丙酸2-(2-溴-丙酰氧基)乙酯的ATRA缩聚反应
a)2-溴丙酸2-(2-溴-丙酰氧基)乙酯的制备
在8-10℃下,往500ml甲苯、31g(0.5mol)乙二醇、87g(1.125mol)吡啶中缓慢滴加227.2g(1.052mol)2-溴丙酸溴化物的100ml甲苯溶液。在室温下将该悬浮液搅拌1小时,过滤除去沉淀,并用200ml甲苯洗涤。将滤液用100ml 1M的NaHCO3洗涤,并用水洗涤2次,每次100ml,经Na2SO4干燥并蒸发溶剂。得到153.4g(92.4%)浅黄色油状的标题化合物。
1H-NMR(300MHz,CDCl3):4.49-4.37m(3H),1.85-1.83d(3H)。
b)ATRA缩聚
往按照美国专利5574163制备的5.107g(0.01mol)癸二酸二(2,2,6,6-四甲基-N-氧化哌啶-4-基酯)和3.422g(0.01mol)2-溴丙酸2-(2-溴-丙酰氧基)乙酯的25ml DMFA的脱气溶液中加入3.96g(0.04mol)CuCl。在20-25℃、氩气气氛中,在252分钟内使用计量泵往搅拌的悬浮液中连续加入8.4ml(0.04mol)五甲基二亚乙基三胺。在室温下将该混合物再搅拌14小时,随后加入400ml水和250ml二氯甲烷。分离有机相,用4×200ml 1%的乙二胺四乙酸二钠溶液洗涤,经MgSO4干燥并蒸发溶剂。得到5.9g具有下式的理想结构的浅黄色无定形粉末:
Mn=3474,Mw=27752。
X主要为Br;Y主要为:
*代表连接键。但是也可由氮氧基官能团的还原或者卤化氢的消除得到少量其他的端位基团。
c)加入4-羟基-TEMPO下的ATRA缩聚
往按照美国专利5574163制备的4.596g(0.009mol)癸二酸二(2,2,6,6-四甲基-N-氧化哌啶-4-基酯)、3.422g(0.01mol)2-溴丙酸2-(2-溴-丙酰氧基)乙酯和0.344g(0.002mol)4-羟基-TEMPO的25ml DMFA脱气溶液中加入3.96g(0.04mol)CuCl。在20-25℃、氩气气氛中,在252分钟内使用计量泵往搅拌的悬浮液中连续加入8.4ml(0.04mol)五甲基二亚乙基三胺。在室温下将该混合物再搅拌17小时,随后加入400ml水和250ml二氯甲烷。分离有机相,用4×200ml 1%的乙二胺四乙酸二钠溶液洗涤,经MgSO4干燥并蒸发溶剂。得到6.71g具有下式的理想结构的浅黄色无定形粉末:
Mn=7692,Mw=13589。
实施例4:癸二酸二(2,2,6,6-四甲基-N-氧化哌啶-4-基酯)与2-溴丙酸6-(2-溴-丙酰氧基)己酯的ATRA缩聚反应
a)2-溴丙酸6-(2-溴-丙酰氧基)己酯的制备
往11.9g(0.1mol)1,6-己二醇的120ml甲苯溶液中加入16.6g(0.21mol)吡啶,随后在5-10℃下滴加45.4g(0.204mol)2-溴丙酸溴化物。将混合物在室温下搅拌18小时,然后加入200ml水,分离有机相并用100ml 1M的NaHCO3和100ml水洗涤,经MgSO4干燥并蒸发溶剂。得到37.35g(96%)无色油状的标题化合物。
1H-NMR(300MHz,CDCl3):4.41-4.34q(1H),4.24-4.10m(2H),1.84-1.81d(3H),1.72-1.67m(2H),1.48-1.38m(2H)。
b)ATRA缩聚
往按照美国专利5574163制备的5.107g(0.01mol)癸二酸二(2,2,6,6-四甲基-N-氧化哌啶-4-基酯)和3.881g(0.01mol)2-溴丙酸6-(2-溴-丙酰氧基)己酯的25ml DMFA的脱气溶液中加入3.96g(0.04mol)CuCl。在20-25℃、氩气气氛中,在252分钟内使用计量泵往搅拌的悬浮液中连续加入8.4ml(0.04mol)五甲基二亚乙基三胺。在室温下将该混合物搅拌16小时,随后加入500ml水和300ml二氯甲烷。分离有机相,用4×200ml1%的乙二胺四乙酸二钠,经MgSO4干燥并蒸发溶剂。得到6.17g具有下式的理想结构的浅黄色无定形粉末:
Mn=21541,Mw=43734。
X主要为Br;Y主要为:
*代表连接键。但是也可由氮氧基官能团的还原或者卤化氢的消除得到少量其他的端位基团。
实施例5:癸二酸二(2,2,6,6-四甲基-N-氧化哌啶-4-基酯)与2-溴丙酸12-(2-溴-丙酰氧基)十二烷基酯的ATRA缩聚反应
a)2-溴丙酸12-(2-溴-丙酰氧基)十二烷酯的制备.
按照类似实施例4a的方法,由18.2g(0.09mol)1,12-十二烷二醇、15.2ml(0.945mol)吡啶和40.9g(0.0945mol)2-溴丙酸溴化物制备40.9g(96%)无色油状的标题化合物。
1H-NMR(300MHz,CDCl3):4.40-4.33q(1H),4.23-4.09m(2H),1.84-1.81d(3H),1.71-1.59m(2H),1.40-1.28m(8H)。
b)ATRA缩聚
往按照美国专利5574163制备的5.107g(0.01mol)癸二酸二(2,2,6,6-四甲基-N-氧化哌啶-4-基酯)和4.742g(0.01mol)2-溴丙酸12-(2-溴-丙酰氧基)十二烷酯的50ml四氢呋喃(THF)的脱气溶液中加入3.96g(0.04mol)CuCl。在20-25℃、氩气气氛中,在252分钟内使用计量泵往搅拌的悬浮液中连续加入8.4ml(0.04mol)五甲基二亚乙基三胺。在室温下将该混合物搅拌18小时,并用Cellit硅藻土薄层过滤。蒸发滤液并将残留物溶于150ml二氯乙烷,依次用500ml水、5mlHCl(32%)、2×500ml 1%的乙二胺四乙酸二钠溶液和1×500ml水洗涤。该溶液经MgSO4干燥并蒸发溶剂。得到7.29g具有下式的理想结构的浅黄色无定形聚合物:
Mn=31782,Mw=69154。
X主要为Br;Y主要为:
*代表连接键。但是也可由氮氧基官能团的还原或者卤化氢的消除得到少量其他的端位基团。
实施例6:癸二酸二(2,2,6,6-四甲基-N-氧化哌啶-4-基酯)与2-溴丙酸12-(2-溴-丙酰氧基)十二烷基酯以及2-溴-2-甲基丙酸2,2,6,6-四甲基-N-氧化哌啶-4-基酯的ATRA共缩聚反应
在按照美国专利5574163制备的2.553g(0.005mol)癸二酸二(2,2,6,6-四甲基-N-氧化哌啶-4-基酯)、2.371g(0.005mol)2-溴丙酸12-(2-溴-丙酰氧基)十二烷基酯、1.606g(0.005mol)2-溴-2-甲基丙酸2,2,6,6-四甲基-N-氧化哌啶-4-基酯的50mlTHF脱气溶液中加入3.96g(0.04mol)CuCl。在20-25℃、氩气气氛中,在252分钟内使用计量泵往搅拌的悬浮液中连续加入8.4ml(0.04mol)五甲基二亚乙基三胺。在室温下将该混合物搅拌20小时,并用Cellit硅藻土薄层过滤。蒸发滤液并将残留物溶于300ml二氯乙烷,依次用2×500ml水、2×500ml1%乙二胺四乙酸二钠的溶液洗涤,经MgSO4干燥并蒸发溶剂。得到7.4g具有下式的理想结构的浅黄色无定形聚合物:
Mn=19989,Mw=41034。
X主要为Br;Y主要为:
*代表连接键。但是也可由氮氧基官能团的还原或者卤化氢的消除得到少量其他的端位基团。
实施例7:作为聚合反应调节剂/引发剂的用途
a)将1.34g实施例2的混合物(结构如下)加入到45.45g苯乙烯中,并在氩气气氛、130℃下搅拌6小时。在70℃下真空干燥除去残留的单体。聚合物的产率为48.1%,使用聚苯乙烯作为内标物进行GPC分析测定,测得Mn=35900且Mw=59200。
b)使用0.134g实施例2的化合物实施a)所述的步骤,聚合物的产率为59.5%,Mn=117000且Mw=190200。
c)使用0.0134g实施例2的化合物实施a)所述的步骤,聚合物的产率为93.2%,Mn=151400且Mw=270100。
实施例2的聚合氮氧基化合物为:
苯乙烯聚合物的再次引发以及与苯乙烯/丙烯腈共聚物的形成
将5.0g在a)下形成的聚苯乙烯加入到22.5g苯乙烯和7.5g丙烯腈的混合物中,并在氩气气氛、110℃下于200ml得自Büchi Inc.的高压釜中搅拌6小时。在40℃下真空除去残留的单体。共聚物的产率为51.3%,Mn=77900且Mw=136500。
将在b)下形成的聚合物再次引发:
采用与a)相同的步骤,使用5.0g由b)形成的聚苯乙烯,得到的共聚物的产率为52.1%,Mn=142500且Mw=269100。
将在c)下形成的聚合物再次引发:
采用与a)相同的步骤,使用5.0g由c)形成的聚苯乙烯,得到的共聚物的产率为37.5%,Mn=167300且Mw=328900。
Claims (13)
1.一种通过原子转换自由基加成聚合反应制备聚合烷氧基胺的方法,所述方法包括以下步骤:
在过渡金属或其卤化物、硫酸盐、硝酸盐、羧酸盐或三氟甲磺酸盐以及任选的能络合所述过渡金属或过渡金属盐的配体存在下,
a)将式(Ia)、(Ib)或(Ic)的单氮氧基化合物:
b)将式(IIa)、(IIb)、(IIc)或(IId)的二氮氧基化合物:
与式(III)的双官能化合物反应:
c)将式(IVa)、(IVb)或(IVc)的多氮氧基化合物:
与式(V)的的多官能化合物反应:
在各式中:
R1、R2、R3和R4为甲基或乙基,或
R1和R2与它们连接的碳原子一起形成C5-C8环烷基环,和/或R3和R4与它们连接的碳原子一起形成C5-C8环烷基环,
R5为H或甲基,
R6和R7为H、C1-C8烷基或芳基,
R8为H或甲基,
X为卤素或-SCN,
A为O或NR9,其中R9为H或C1-C18烷基、C5-C12环烷基或芳基,
A1为-NR9-(CH2)a-NR9-,其中a为2-12,或下式的基团:
D为化学键或C1-C12亚烷基、C5-C12亚环烷基或亚芳基,其中所述亚烷基和亚环烷基可被一个或多个O、S或N原子间隔,
E为化学键、O或NR9,
G为C1-C12亚烷基、C5-C12亚环烷基或亚芳基,其中所述亚烷基和亚环烷基可被一个或多个O、S或N原子间隔,
n为3或4,
Q为选自柠檬酸、1,2,4-苯三酸、1,3,5-苯三酸、均苯四酸和丁烷四甲酸的三价或四价羧酸的酰基残基,
P为选自丙三醇、三羟甲基丙烷、季戊四醇、赤藓糖醇和三羟甲基氨基甲烷的三价或四价醇的残基;
所述配体具有式IV的结构:
其中R10、R11、R13和R14各自独立地为H、C1-C12烷基、C5-C12环烷基或芳基,
R12为H、C1-C12烷基、C5-C12环烷基、芳基或-(CH2)q-NR10R11;
m、p和q为1-4,
n为0-4,或
所述配体为双环或多环杂脂环;
所述过渡金属或其卤化物、硫酸盐、硝酸盐、羧酸盐或三氟甲磺酸盐与含卤素或-SCN化合物的摩尔比率为1∶1-1∶3;
所述配体与过渡金属或其卤化物、硫酸盐、硝酸盐、羧酸盐或三氟甲磺酸盐的摩尔比率为0.5∶1-1∶5。
2.权利要求1的方法,其中所述配体选自三[2-(二甲基氨基)乙基]胺、N,N,N’,N’,N”-五甲基二亚乙基三胺、N,N,N’,N’-四甲基亚乙基二胺、1,1,4,7,10,10-六甲基三亚乙基四胺、1,4,7-三甲基-1,4,7-三氮杂环壬烷、1,5,9-三甲基-1,5,9-三氮杂环十二烷、1,4,8,11-四甲基-1,4,8,11-四氮杂环十四烷、2,2’-联吡啶、2,2’-联(4-叔丁基)吡啶和2,2’,2”-三联吡啶。
3.权利要求1的方法,其中所述过渡金属选自Cu、Fe、Mn、Mo、Cr、Ni和Ru。
4.权利要求1的方法,其中所述聚合温度为-20℃至100℃。
5.权利要求1的方法,其中所述化合物为式(Ia)、(Ib)或(Ic)的化合物,其中:
R1、R2、R3和R4为甲基;
R5为H;
R6和R7各自独立地为H或甲基;
R8为H或甲基;
X为Cl或Br;
A为O或NR9且R9为H或C1-C18烷基。
6.权利要求1的方法,其中所述化合物为式(Ia)的化合物。
7.一种聚合物,所述聚合物具有式(I’a)、(I’b)、(I’c)、(II’a)、(II’b)、(II’c)或(II’d)重复结构单元:
在各式中:
m为5-5000;
R1、R2、R3和R4为甲基或乙基;或
R1和R2与它们连接的碳原子一起形成C5-C8环烷基环,和/或R3和R4与它们连接的碳原子一起形成C5-C8环烷基环;
R5为H或甲基;
R6和R7为H、C1-C8烷基或芳基;
R8为H或甲基;
A为O或NR9,其中R9为H或C1-C18烷基、C5-C12环烷基或芳基;
A1为-NR9-(CH2)a-NR9-,其中a为2-12,或下式的基团:
D为化学键或C1-C12亚烷基、C5-C12亚环烷基或亚芳基,其中所述亚烷基和亚环烷基可被一个或多个O、S或N原子间隔;
E为化学键、O或NR9;和
G为C1-C12亚烷基、C5-C12亚环烷基或亚芳基,其中所述亚烷基和亚环烷基可被一个或多个O、S或N原子间隔。
8.一种稳定的组合物,所述组合物包含:
(a)易于被热、光或氧降解的有机材料,和
(b)由权利要求1的方法得到的聚合物。
9.权利要求8的组合物,其中组分(a)为天然或合成的聚合物。
10.权利要求8的组合物,所述组合物还包含至少一种选自下面的共添加稳定剂:苯酚类抗氧化剂、硬脂酸金属盐、金属氧化物、有机磷化合物、呋喃酮抗氧化剂、羟胺类、紫外线吸收剂和不同于权利要求1的方法得到的受阻胺类稳定剂。
11.由权利要求1的方法得到的聚合物作为天然或合成聚合物的稳定剂的用途。
12.由权利要求1的方法得到的聚合物作为天然或合成聚合物的阻燃剂的用途。
13.由权利要求1的方法得到的聚合物作为受控自由基聚合反应的聚合引发剂/调节剂的用途。
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