CN100546976C - 基于硝基苯胺的烷化剂和它们作为前体药物的用途 - Google Patents
基于硝基苯胺的烷化剂和它们作为前体药物的用途 Download PDFInfo
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- CN100546976C CN100546976C CNB2003801028127A CN200380102812A CN100546976C CN 100546976 C CN100546976 C CN 100546976C CN B2003801028127 A CNB2003801028127 A CN B2003801028127A CN 200380102812 A CN200380102812 A CN 200380102812A CN 100546976 C CN100546976 C CN 100546976C
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Abstract
提供了通式(I)的硝基苯胺类不对称氮芥以及制备方法和它们作为联合硝基还原酶的GDEPT(基因-依赖性酶-前体药物疗法)与细胞消融疗法的前体药物、作为低氧-选择性细胞毒素和作为抗癌剂的用途。
Description
本发明涉及基于硝基苯胺的不对称氮芥的制备和它们作为联合硝基还原酶的GDEPT(基因-依赖性酶-前体药物疗法)与细胞消融疗法的前体药物、作为低氧-选择性细胞毒素和作为抗癌剂的用途。
发明背景
肿瘤-选择性前体药物(相对无活性的化合物,它们能够在体内选择性转化为更具活性的化合物)的应用在癌症疗法中是一种重要的概念。
例如,前体药物可以在可连接于单克隆抗体的酶的影响下转化为抗肿瘤剂,该单克隆抗体可与肿瘤相关性抗原结合。这样一种前体药物与这样一种酶/单克隆抗体缀合物的结合代表一种非常强大的临床药物。这种癌症治疗方法经常被称为“抗体定向酶/前体药物疗法”(ADEPT),公开在WO88/07378中。
另一种治疗方法被称为“病毒定向酶前体药物疗法”(VDEPT),已被提出作为一种利用前体药物治疗患者肿瘤细胞的方法。用携带编码能够激活前体药物的酶的基因的病毒载体靶定肿瘤细胞。该基因可以受到组织特异性启动子或增强子序列的转录性调节。病毒载体进入肿瘤细胞并表达该酶,以便在肿瘤细胞内将前体药物转化为活性药物(Huber等人,Proc.Natl.Acad.Sci.USA(1991)88,8039)。作为替代选择,已经使用非病毒的基因递送方法。这类方法包括磷酸钙共沉淀、微量注入、脂质体、直接DNA摄取和受体-介导的DNA转移。这些方法参见Morgan & French,Annu.Rev.Biochem.,1993,62;191。术语“GDEPT”(基因定向酶前体药物疗法)用来包括病毒与非病毒的递送系统。
4-硝基芳族化合物被哺乳动物和细菌的黄素蛋白酶所还原,实现了多达六个电子的逐步加成。主要酶代谢产物通常是4-电子属(羟胺)。
本发明涉及新的具有细胞毒活性的基于硝基苯胺的不对称氮芥、制备这些新化合物的方法和这些化合物作为联合硝基还原酶(特别是被大肠杆菌nfsB基因或梭状芽孢杆菌属的种编码的硝基还原酶)的GDEPT与细胞消融疗法的前体药物、作为低氧-选择性细胞毒素和作为抗癌剂的用途。
二硝基苯甲酰胺氮丙啶(例如1)[Knox等人,Cancer Met.Rev.,1993,12,195]和硝基-与二硝基苯甲酰胺氮芥(例如2-4)[Friedlos等人,J.Med.Chem.,1997,40,1270]都已被报道作为需氧大肠杆菌硝基还原酶(NTR)的底物,并作为联合NTR的GDEPT的特异性前体药物。
不对称的(氯-甲磺酸酯)氮芥也已被报道[例如Marais等人,Cancer Res.1996,56,4735],包括二硝基类似物5[Friedlos等人,J.Med Chem.1997,40,1270],它被描述为强度不足以进行完整的生物学评价。
因此,本发明的目的是提供一系列不对称氮芥、制备这些不对称氮芥的方法,它们适合用作联合硝基还原酶的GDEPT(基因-依赖性酶-前体药物疗法)与细胞消融疗法的前体药物、用作低氧-选择性细胞毒素和用作抗癌剂,或者至少为公众提供有用的替代选择。
发明概述
在第一方面,本发明提供由通式(I)代表的基于硝基苯胺的不对称氮芥及其药学上可接受的衍生物和盐:
其中:
X代表基团NO2、CN或SO2R1之一,其中R1代表可选地被一个或多个羟基和/或一个或多个氨基取代的C1-6-低级烷基,其中当R1代表叔胺时,进一步包括该叔胺的N-氧化物衍生物;
Y代表基团OR2、NHCOR2、CONR2CO2R3、CONR2吗啉代、CONHR2、CONR2R3、CONHOR2、CONHSO2R2、SO2NH2、SO2NHR2或SO2NR2R3之一,其中每个R2和R3独立地代表H、可选地被一个或多个羟基和/或一个或多个氨基取代的C1-6-低级烷基;且
A和B各自独立地代表卤素、OSO2R4、OSO2NH2、OSO2NHR4或OSO2NR4R5,其中每个R4和R5独立地代表可选地被一个或多个羟基和/或一个或多个氨基取代的C1-6-低级烷基,其中当每个R4和R5独立地代表叔胺时,进一步包括该叔胺的N-氧化物衍生物;
条件是:
(i)A≠B,
(ii)
在优选的实施方式中,基于硝基苯胺的不对称氮芥选自由式(IIa-IIc)之一代表的化合物及其药学上可接受的衍生物和盐,
其中X、Y、A和B如上关于式(I)化合物所定义;
条件是:
(i)A≠B,
(iii)作为式(IIa)化合物的
除外。
在更优选的实施方式中,基于硝基苯胺的不对称氮芥选自由式(IIIa-IIIc)之一代表的化合物及其药学上可接受的衍生物和盐,
其中X、Y如上关于式(I)化合物所定义。
在本发明的第二方面,提供了制备由通式(I)代表的基于硝基苯胺的不对称氮芥及其药学上可接受的衍生物和盐的方法:
其中:
X代表基团NO2、CN或SO2R1之一,其中R1代表可选地被一个或多个羟基和/或一个或多个氨基取代的C1-6-低级烷基,其中当R1代表叔胺时,进一步包括该叔胺的N-氧化物衍生物;
Y代表基团OR2、NHCOR2、CONR2CO2R3、CONR2吗啉代、CONHR2、CONR2R3、CONHOR2、CONHSO2R2、SO2NH2、SO2NHR2或SO2NR2R3之一,其中每个R2和R3独立地代表H、可选地被一个或多个羟基和/或一个或多个氨基取代的C1-6-低级烷基;且
A和B各自独立地代表卤素、OSO2R4、OSO2NH2、OSO2NHR4或OSO2NR4R5,其中每个R4和R5独立地代表可选地被一个或多个羟基和/或一个或多个氨基取代的C1-6-低级烷基,其中当每个R4和R5独立地代表叔胺时,进一步包括该叔胺的N-氧化物衍生物;
条件是:
(i)A≠B,
该方法包括以下步骤:
(i)使下式化合物
与一定量碱金属卤化物在极性溶剂中反应,得到不对称的卤代-甲磺酸酯化合物。
在优选的实施方式中,涉及制备由通式(IIa-IIc)之一代表的基于硝基苯胺的不对称氮芥及其药学上可接受的衍生物和盐的方法,
其中X、Y、A和B如上关于式(I)化合物所定义;
条件是:
(i)A≠B,
该方法包括以下步骤:
(i)使下式化合物
与一定量碱金属卤化物或甲磺酰卤在极性溶剂中反应,得到不对称的卤代-甲磺酸酯化合物。
在更优选的实施方式中,涉及制备由通式(IIIa-IIIc)之一代表的基于硝基苯胺的不对称氮芥及其药学上可接受的衍生物和盐的方法,
其中X、Y如上关于式(I)化合物所定义;
该方法包括以下步骤:
(ii)使下式化合物
与一定量LiBr在极性溶剂中反应,得到式(IIIa-IIIc)之一的溴代-甲磺酸酯。
在如上所定义的方法中,优选的是所述极性溶剂选自乙腈、二甲基甲酰胺、乙酸乙酯、三乙胺、丙酮及其混合物。
在如上所定义的方法中,优选的是所述碱金属卤化物选自下列一种或多种:LiCl、LiBr、NaI和NaBr。
在第三方面,提供了由任意一种如上所定义的制备方法所得到的式(I)化合物。
在第四方面,本发明提供了用作适合于联合至少一种硝基还原酶的GDEPT(基因-依赖性酶-前体药物疗法)的前体药物、用作低氧-选择性细胞毒素的方法,包括向对象的肿瘤细胞以“治疗有效量”施用如上所定义的式I化合物或如上所定义的式Ia-Ic、IIa-IIc和IIIa-IIIc化合物或其混合物的步骤。
优选地,所述硝基还原酶被大肠杆菌nfsB基因或被梭状芽孢杆菌属的种所编码。
在第五方面,本发明提供了用作适合于联合至少一种硝基还原酶的GDEPT(基因-依赖性酶-前体药物疗法)的前体药物、用作抗癌剂的方法,包括向对象的肿瘤细胞以“治疗有效量”施用如上所定义的式I化合物或如上所定义的式Ia-Ic、IIa-IIc和IIIa-IIIc化合物或其混合物的步骤。
优选地,所述硝基还原酶被大肠杆菌nfsB基因或被梭状芽孢杆菌属的种所编码。
在本发明的第六方面,提供了采用至少一种硝基还原酶的细胞消融疗法,其中该方法包括施用“治疗有效量”的如上所定义的式I化合物或如上所定义的式Ia-Ic、IIa-IIc和IIIa-IIIc化合物或其混合物的步骤,以消融对象组织中的肿瘤细胞,其中所述组织表达至少一种硝基还原酶。
优选地,所述硝基还原酶被大肠杆菌nfsB基因或被梭状芽孢杆菌属的种所编码。
优选地,该细胞消融疗法提供了基本上最小的副作用。
在本发明的第七方面,提供了药物组合物,包括治疗有效量的式I化合物或式Ia-Ic、IIa-IIc和IIIa-IIIc化合物或其混合物,以及药学上可接受的赋形剂、助剂、载体、缓冲剂或稳定剂。
药学上可接受的赋形剂、助剂、载体、缓冲剂或稳定剂应当优选是无毒的,并且应当不干扰活性成分的功效。载体或其他材料的确切属性将依赖于施用途径,这可以是口服或者注射,例如皮肤、皮下或静脉内。应该领会的是,这些因素容易由本领域技术人员来确定,无需额外的实验。
用于口服施用的药物组合物可以是片剂、胶囊剂、粉剂或液体形式。片剂可以包含固体载体或助剂。液体药物组合物一般包含液体载体,例如水、石油、动物或植物油、矿物油或合成油。可以包括生理盐水溶液、葡萄糖或其他糖溶液,或者二醇如乙二醇、丙二醇或聚乙二醇。胶囊剂可以包含固体载体如明胶。
就静脉内、皮肤或皮下注射而言,活性成分将是肠胃外可接受的水溶液形式,其是无热原的并且具有适合的pH、等渗性和稳定性。本领域技术人员完全能够制备适合的溶液,例如使用等渗的载体如氯化钠注射液、林格氏注射液、乳酸化林格氏注射液。根据需要可以包括防腐剂、稳定剂、缓冲剂、抗氧化剂和/或其他添加剂。
在本发明的第八方面,提供了有效量的如上所定义的式I化合物或如上所定义的式Ia-Ic、IIa-IIc和IIIa-IIIc化合物在药物制备中的用途,该药物用于在GDEPT中靶定有需要的对象的癌细胞。
在本发明的第九方面,提供了有效量的如上所定义的式I化合物或如上所定义的式Ia-Ic、IIa-IIc和IIIa-IIIc化合物在药物制备中的用途,该药物用于在细胞消融疗法中靶定有需要的对象的癌细胞。
尽管本发明化合物通常将被用于靶定人类对象的肿瘤细胞或肿瘤组织,不过它们也可以用于靶定其他温血动物对象的肿瘤细胞或组织,例如其他灵长类、农用动物(例如牛)、竞技动物和宠物,例如马、狗和猫。
在说明书全文中使用的术语“治疗有效量”应被理解为足以对带有癌细胞的对象显示有益效果的如上所定义的式I化合物或如上所定义的式Ia-Ic、IIa-IIc和IIIa-IIIc化合物或其混合物的量。实际施用的量、速率和时间-过程将依赖于所治疗疾病的属性和严重性。治疗处方属于一般医务人员和其他医生的职责范围。
应该理解的是,如上所定义的本发明化合物可以单独施用或与其他治疗、尤其是放射疗法同时或者相继联合施用,这依赖于所要治疗的病症。
在说明书全文中使用的其药学上可接受的衍生物和盐包括酸衍生盐,成盐的酸有盐酸、硫酸、磷酸、乙酸、柠檬酸、草酸、丙二酸、水杨酸、苹果酸、富马酸、琥珀酸、抗坏血酸、马来酸、甲磺酸、羟乙磺酸等,和碱衍生盐,成盐的碱有钠与钾的碳酸盐、钠与钾的氢氧化物、氨、三乙胺、三乙醇胺等。
细胞消融疗法的技术是本领域技术人员已知的。这种疗法通过硝基还原酶的特异性酶表达,能够用于选择性消融指定的靶细胞或组织,例如该酶被组织特异性表达,然后能够用于将前体药物激活为活性代谢产物,以消融指定的靶细胞或组织(Gusterson等人,Endocrine Related Cancer,1997,4,67-74)。
措辞“基本上最小的副作用”应被理解为意指由于活化代谢产物在靶肿瘤细胞与非靶肿瘤细胞之间扩散所导致的对邻接非靶肿瘤细胞的杀灭作用最小,所述活化代谢产物来自如上所定义的式I化合物或如上所定义的任意一种式Ia-Ic、IIa-IIc和IIIa-IIIc化合物或其混合物的酶活化作用。
本发明的其他方面将因仅供举例的下列说明和参照所附合成流程而变得显而易见。
发明详述
式(I)化合物及其酸加成盐和N-氧化物可以通过流程1-3所述方法加以制备,它们的实例参见实施例A-C。
流程1
流程2
试剂
(i)RNH2;
(ii)HN(CH2CH2OH)2,然后MsCl;
(iii)LiCl;
(iv)LiBr.
流程3.
试剂
(i)KOH;然后HCl
(ii)SOCl2,然后NH4OH,然后HCl
(iii)LiBr
在流程1-3中,关键的反应是二甲磺酸酯6、9、13a-13g和18a-18d与严格控制量的LiBr或NaI在极性溶剂如DMF或MeCN中的反应,得到不对称的溴代-与碘代-甲磺酸酯氮芥。该方法也能适用于已知氯代-甲磺酸酯(5)的反应,得到不对称的氯代/溴代氮芥IIa2。尽管这种反应也得到不等量的相应双(溴代)或双(碘代)化合物,不过它们容易用色谱分离,得到纯的不对称氮芥。
其中X代表SO2Me、Y代表CONR2R3且A和B各自独立地代表卤素或OSO2R4(条件是A≠B)的式I化合物可以借助流程4(就具体实例而言)所述一般途径从3,4-二氟苄腈制备[按照Atwell等人,Anti-Cancer DrugDesign,1996,11,553-567]。其与NaSMe反应,继而氧化,得到SO2Me基团,然后将腈进一步修饰为CONR2R3官能团。4-F基团用二乙醇胺置换,继之以进一步修饰,得到所需的不对称氮芥。
(i)NaSMe;(ii)NaBO3;(iii)H2SO4/AcOH;(iv)SOCl2,然后NH4OH;(v)HNO3/H2SO4;(vi)HN(CH2CH2OH)2/DMSO;(vii)MsCl;(viii)LiBr/DMF.
其中X代表CN、Y代表CONR2R3且A和B各自独立地代表卤素或OSO2R4(条件是A≠B)的式I化合物可以借助流程5所述一般途径(如具体实例所示)从3,4-二氟苄腈制备[按照Atwell等人,Anti-Cancer Drug Design,1996,11,553-567]。将腈转化为甲酰胺(水解继之以胺化),然后用TMS-CN置换3-F,如流程4继之以4-F基团与二乙醇胺反应,随后进一步修饰,得到所需的不对称氮芥。
ii)H2SO4/AcOH;(ii)SOCl2,然后NH4OH;(iii)TMSCN;(iv)HNO3/H2SO4;(v)HN(CH2CH2OH)2/DMSO;(vi)MsCl;(vii)LiBr/DMF.
其中X代表NO2、Y代表NHCOR2且A和B各自独立地代表卤素或OSO2R4(条件是A≠B)的式I化合物可以借助流程6所述一般途径(如具体实例所示)从2,4-二硝基-5-氯苯甲酸制备。与DPPA进行库尔修斯反应,继之以水解和乙酰化,得到乙酰胺。如流程4,使5-Cl基团与二乙醇胺反应,随后进一步修饰,得到所需的不对称氮芥。
流程6
ii)DPPA/t-BuOH;(ii)TFA;(iii)Ac2O/吡啶;(iv)HN(CH2CH2OH)2/DMSO;(v)MsCl;(vi)LiBr/DMF
其中X代表NO2、Y代表OR2且A和B各自独立地代表卤素或OSO2R4(条件是A≠B)的式I化合物可以借助流程7所述一般途径(如具体实例所示)从1,5-二氯-2,4-二硝基苯制备。更具活性的1-Cl基团与NaOMe反应,得到甲基醚,随后如流程4进一步修饰5-Cl基团,得到所需的不对称氮芥。
流程7
ii)Na/MeOH;(ii)HN(CH2CH2OH)2/DMSO;(iii)MsCl;(iv)LiBr/DMF
其中X代表NO2、Y代表SO2NHR2且A和B各自独立地代表卤素或OSO2R4(条件是A≠B)的式I化合物可以借助8流程所述一般途径(如具体实例所示)从5-氯-2,4-二硝基苯胺(见流程6)制备。重氮化继之以氧化和胺化,得到磺酰胺[Herbert RB & Hollman RG.Tetrahedron 1965,21,663-675],随后如流程4进一步修饰5-Cl基团,得到所需的不对称氮芥。
流程8
(i)重氮化,然后H2S;(ii)Oxone;(iii)SOCl2,然后NH4OH;(iv)HN(CH2CH2OH)2/二噁烷(V)MsCl;(vi)LiBr/DMF
下表1列出25种通式I化合物的物理化学数据,它们是通式I的代表,并且可由本发明的方法制备。
表1
下列实施例A-C阐述代表性通式(I)化合物的制备。
实施例A:采用流程1所述方法制备式IIa类似物
5-[(2-溴乙基)(2-氯乙基)氨基]-2,4-二硝基苯甲酰胺(IIa2)
将甲磺酸2-[5-(氨基羰基)(2-氯乙基)-2,4-二硝基苯胺基]乙酯(5)[Friedlos等人,J.Med.Chem.1997,40,1270](0.91g,2.2mmol)与LiBr(0.21g,2.4mmol)在无水MeCN(25mL)中的混合物在回流下搅拌1.5小时,然后在减压下浓缩。残余物经过硅胶色谱处理,用CH2Cl2/EtOAc(3∶2)洗脱,得到被相应的二溴氮芥污染的粗产物。经过多次从EtOAc/I-Pr2O中重结晶纯化,得到IIa2(595mg,68%):mp 153℃;1H NMR[(CD3)2SO]δ8.52(s,1H,H-3),8.17 & 7.82(2xs,2H,CONH2),7.43(s,1H,H-6),3.82(t,J=5.8Hz,2H,CH2Cl),3.77-3.63(m,6H,N(CH2-)CH2CH2Br)。C11H12BrClN4O5分析计算值:C,33.4;H,3.1;N,14.2;Cl,9.6;实测值:C,33,4;H,3.0;N,14.1;Cl,8.9%。
甲磺酸2-[5-(氨基羰基)(2-溴乙基)-2,4-二硝基苯胺基]乙酯(IIa3)
将甲磺酸2-(5-(氨基羰基){2-[(甲基磺酰基)氧基]乙基}-2,4-二硝基苯胺基)乙酯(6)[Friedlos等人,J.Med Chem.,1997,40,1270](1.60g,3.4mmol)与LiBr(356mg,4.1mmol)在无水MeCN(30mL)中的混合物在回流下搅拌1小时。在减压下浓缩混合物,残余物经过硅胶色谱处理。用EtOAc/CH2Cl2(11∶9)洗脱,得到二溴氮芥,进一步用EtOAc/CH2Cl2(3∶1)洗脱,得到IIa3(0.61g,39%):mp(EtOAc/I-Pr2O)160-161℃;1H NMR[(CD3)2SO]δ8.53(s,1H,H-3),8.14 & 7.83(2xs,2H,CONH2),7.46(s,1H,H-6),4.33(t,J=5.1Hz,2H,CH2O),3.74(t,J=5.1Hz,2H,CH2CH2O),3.70(br s,4H,CH2CH2Br),3.14(s,3H,CH3)。C12H15BrN4O8S分析计算值:C,31.7;H,3.3;N,12.3;Br,17.6;实测值:C,32.0;H,3.4;N,12.2;Br,17.7%。
甲磺酸2-[5-(氨基羰基)(2-碘乙基)-2,4-二硝基苯胺基]乙酯(IIa4)
将6(1.12g,2.38mmol)与NaI(0.46g,3.07mmol)在无水MeCN(20mL)中的混合物在回流下搅拌1小时。在减压下浓缩混合物,残余物经过硅胶色谱处理。用EtOAc/CH2Cl2(1∶1)洗脱,得到二碘氮芥,进一步用EtOAc/CH2Cl2(3∶1)洗脱,得到IIa4(0.49g,41%):mp(Me2CO/EtOAc/I-Pr2O)160℃;1H NMR[(CD3)2SO]δ8.52(s,1H,H-3),8.14 & 7.83(2xs,2H,NH2),7.44(s,1H,H-6),4.33(t,J=5.1Hz,2H,CH2O),3.73(t,J=5.1Hz,2H,CH2CH2O),3.65(t,J=6.9Hz,2H,CH2CH2I),3.40(t,J=6.9Hz,2H,CH2I),3.13(s,3H,CH3)。C12H15IN4O8S分析计算值:C,28.7;H,3.0;N,11.2;I,25.3;实测值:C,29.4;H,3.0;N,11.0;I,25.0%。
甲磺酸2-((2-溴乙基)5-{[(2-羟基乙基)氨基]羰基}-2,4-二硝基苯胺基)乙酯(IIa5)
将搅拌着的5-[双(2-羟基乙基)氨基]-2,4-二硝基苯甲酸甲酯[Palmer等人,J.Med.Chem 1994,37,2175](5.50g,16.7mmol)与Et3N(5.82mL,41.8mmol)的无水CH2Cl2(50mL)溶液在0℃下用MsCl(3.14mL,40.0mmol)逐滴处理。30分钟后,加入10%KHCO3水溶液(100mL),将混合物在0℃下搅拌另外30分钟,然后用石油醚(500mL)稀释。收集所沉淀的产物,用水和iPr2O洗涤,得到5-(双{2-[(甲基磺酰基)氧基]乙基}氨基)-2,4-二硝基苯甲酸甲酯(7)(7.44g,92%):mp(CH2Cl2/石油醚)157-158℃;1H NMR[(CD3)2SO]δ8.62(s,1H,H-3),7.77(s,1H,H-6),4.35(t,J=5.1Hz,4H,2xCH2O),3.88(s,3H,CO2CH3),3.73(t,J=5.1Hz,4H,N(CH2)CH2),3.13(s,6H,2xSO2CH3)。C14H19N2O12S2分析计算值:C,34.6;H,3.9;N,8.7;S,13.2;实测值:C,34.8;H,3.7;N,8.9;S,13.1%。
将7(3.0g,6.18mmol)用3N KOH(40mL)在二噁烷(200mL)中在室温下水解15分钟,继之以用1N HCl酸化,用EtOAc萃取,得到定量收率的5-(双{2-[(甲基磺酰基)氧基]乙基}氨基)-2,4-二硝基苯甲酸(8),mp200-210℃,无需进一步纯化即可用于下一步;1H NMR[(CD3)2SO]δ14.1(vbr s,1H,CO2H),8.57(s,1H,H-3),7.69(s,1H,H-6),4.34(t,J=5.1Hz,4H,2xCH2O),3.72(t,J=5.1Hz,4H,2xCH2CH2O),3.13(s,6H,2xCH3)。
将含有DMF(2滴)的8(3.20g,6.79mmol)的SOCl2(60mL)悬液在回流下加热1小时。在减压下蒸发溶剂,继之以与苯共沸,得到粗的酰氯,将其溶于干燥Me2CO(80mL),在0℃下用2-氨基乙醇(1.24g,20.3mmol)处理。在0℃下搅拌5分钟后,将混合物用0.2N HCl酸化至pH 2-3,浓缩至一半体积,然后加入固体NaBr。将混合物用EtOAc萃取(2x),合并萃取液,用饱和NaBr溶液洗涤,干燥(Na2SO4),蒸发。残余物经过硅胶色谱处理,用EtOAc/MeOH(15∶1)洗脱,得到甲磺酸2-(5-{[(2-羟基乙基)氨基]羰基}{2-[(甲基磺酰基)氧基]乙基}-2,4-二硝基苯胺基)乙酯(9a)(2.87g,82%),为胶状物,直接使用。
将9a(1.80g,3.50mmol)与LiBr(0.43g,4.95mmol)在DMF(5mL)中的混合物在60℃下搅拌2小时。然后将反应物倒入饱和NaBr溶液中,用EtOAc萃取(2x)。合并萃取液,用饱和NaBr溶液洗涤,干燥(Na2SO4),在减压下浓缩。残余物经过硅胶色谱处理,用EtOAc洗脱,得到5-[双(2-溴乙基)氨基]-N-(2-羟基乙基)-2,4-二硝基苯甲酰胺(10a)(0.78g,46%):mp(MeOH/EtOAc/石油醚)151-152℃;1H NMR[(CD3)2SO]δ8.73(t,J=5.7Hz,1H,CONH),8.53(s,1H,H-3),7.43(s,1H,H-6),4.76(t,J=5.6Hz,1H,OH),3.77-3.64(m,8H,N(CH2CH2Br)2),3.53(q,J=6.0Hz,2H,CH2OH),3.31(q,部分模糊,J=6.1Hz,2H,CONHCH2)。C13H16Br2N4O6分析计算值:C,32.3;H,3.3;11.6;33.0;实测值:C,32.6;H,3.3;N,11.6;Br,33.3%。
进一步用EtOAc/MeOH(9∶1)洗脱,得到IIa5(0.73g,42%):mp(EtOAc)102-104℃;1H NMR[(CD3)2SO]δ8.70(t,J=5.7Hz,1H,CONH),8.54(s,1H,H-3),7.46(s,1H,H-6),4.76(J=5.5Hz,1H,OH),4.34(t,J=5.1Hz,2H,CH2OSO2),3.74(t,J=5.1Hz,2H,CH2CH2OSO2),3.70(br s,4H,CH2CH2Br),3.53(q,J=6.0Hz,2H,CH2OH),3.31(q,部分模糊,J=6.1Hz,2H,CONHCH2),3.14(s,3H,CH3)。C14H19BrN4O9S分析计算值:C,34.3;H,3.9;N,11.0;Br,15.9;实测值:C,33.8;H,3.8;H,11.2;Br,16.0%。
甲磺酸2-((2-溴乙基)5-{[(3-羟基丙基)氨基]羰基}-2,4-二硝基苯胺基)乙酯(IIa6)
将5-(双{2-[(甲基磺酰基)氧基]乙基}氨基)-2,4-二硝基苯甲酸(8)在回流下于过量SOCl2(60mL)和催化量DMF中加热1小时。在减压下蒸发,继之以在苯中共沸,得到粗的酰氯。将其溶于干燥Me2CO,在0℃下用3-氨基-1-丙醇处理5分钟。将混合物用0.2N HCl酸化至pH 2-3,浓缩至一半体积,然后加入固体NaBr,继之以用EtOAc萃取(2x)。蒸发,残余物经过硅胶色谱处理,用EtOAc/MeOH(9∶1)洗脱,得到甲磺酸2-(5-{[(3-羟基丙基)氨基]羰基}{2-[(甲基磺酰基)氧基]乙基}-2,4-二硝基苯胺基)乙酯(9b)(68%),为黄色胶状物;1H NMR[(CD3)2SO]δ8.54(t,J=5.7Hz,1H),8.53(s,1h),7.45(s,1H),4.43(t,J=5.1Hz,1H),4.33(t,J=5.2Hz,4H),3.69(t,J=5.2Hz,4H),3.57(q,J=5.9Hz,2H),3.26(D2O置换后,t,J=7.0Hz,1H),3.12(s,6H),1,66(五重峰,J=6.7Hz,2H)。C16H25N4O12S的HRMS(FAB)计算值:(MH+)m/z 529.0910;实测值:529.0904。
将9b的DMF溶液用LiBr(1.4当量)处理,如上操作,产物经过硅胶色谱处理。用EtOAc洗脱,得到少量二溴氮芥10b,用EtOAc/MeOH(19∶1)洗脱,得到IIa6(31%),为黄色胶状物:1H NMR[(CD3)2SO]δ8.60(t,J=5.6Hz,1H),8.54(s,1H),7.44(s,1H),4.45(t,J=5.2Hz,1H),4.33(t,J=5.1Hz,2H),3.74(t,J=5.2Hz,2H),3.72-3.66(m,4H),3.49(q,J=5.9Hz,2H),3.27(D2O置换后,t,J=7.0Hz,2H),3.14(s,3H),1.68(五重峰,J=6.7Hz,2H)。C15H22 79BrN4O9S的HRMS(FAB)计算值:(MH+)m/z 515.0270;实测值:515.0283。
甲磺酸2-((2-溴乙基)-5-{[(2,3-二羟基丙基)氨基]羰基}-2,4-二硝基苯胺基)乙酯(IIa7)
将如上由酸8(2.9g,6.15mmol)的反应所得的粗酰氯溶于Me2CO(100mL),在冰浴中冷却,用过量3-氨基-1,2-丙二醇处理。搅拌10分钟后,将反应混合物用1N HCl酸化至pH 2-3,蒸发大部分溶剂,使残余物在水与EtOAc之间分配。水层用EtOAc反萃取,合并有机相,干燥,蒸发。将残余物直接吸附到硅胶上进行色谱处理,用EtOAc/MeOH(从50∶1至10∶1)洗脱,得到甲磺酸2-(5-{[(2,3-二羟基丙基)氨基]羰基}{2-[(甲基磺酰基)氧基]乙基}-2,4-二硝基苯胺基)乙酯(9c)(2.92g,87%),为黄色油;1HNMR[(CD3)2SO]δ8.66(t,J=5.8Hz,1H,CONH),8.54(s,1H,H-3),7.48(s,1H,H-6),4.81(d,J=5.0Hz,1H,CHOH),4.59(t,J=5.1Hz,1H,CH2OH),4.35(m,4H,2x CH2OMs),3.66(m,4H),3.62(m,1H),3.46-3.36(m,4H),3.13(s,6H);13C NMRδ164.48,147.09,138.26,137.27,136.60,124.17,121.72,70.02,66.69,63.68,50.21,42.68,36.55。C16H25N4O13S2的HRMS m/z(M+1)+要求值:545.08596;实测值:545.0856。
将9c(1.28g,2.53mmol)溶于EtOAc(100mL),在60℃下用LiBr(347mg,4.0mmol)处理2小时。在减压下除去挥发物,将残余物直接吸附到硅胶上进行色谱处理。用EtOAc/MeOH(从1∶0至10∶2)洗脱,得到5-[双(2-溴乙基)氨基]-N-(2,3-二羟基丙基)-2,4-二硝基苯甲酰胺(10c)(0.4g,31%),为泡沫;1H NMR[(CD3)2SO]δ8.71(t,J=5.8Hz,1H,CONH),8.53(s,1H,H-3),7.43(s,1H,H-6),4.86(d,J=5.0Hz,1H,CHOH),4.59(t,J=5.8Hz,1H,CH2OH),3.70-3.10(m,13H);13C NMRδ164.61,146.65,137.99,137.35,136.52,124.25,121.20,70.05,63.73,52.44,42.76,30.33。C14H19 79Br2N4O7的HRMS m/z(M+1)+要求值:512.9621;实测值512.9596。
进一步洗脱得到IIa7(0.62g,46%):mp(EtOAc)117-118℃;1H NMR[(CD3)2SO]δ8.68(t,J=5.8Hz,1H,CONH),8.53(s,1H,H-3),7.46(s,1H,H-6),4.82(d,J=5.0Hz,1H,CHOH),4.56(t,J=5.1,1H,CH2OH),4.32(m,2H,CH2OMs),3.75-3.60(m,7H),3.46-3.36(m,4H),3.13(s,3H);13CNMRδ164.48,146.84,138.05,137.29,136.52,124.18,121.40,70.01,66.74,63.68,52.89,49.56,42.69,36.55,30.20。C15H21BrN4O10S分析计算值:C,34.1;H,4.0;N,10.6;Br,15.0;实测值:C,34.0;H,4.0;N,10.5;Br,15.2%。
进一步洗脱得到原料(9c)(0.27g,20%)。
实施例B:采用流程2所述方法制备式IIb类似物
甲磺酸2-[2-(氨基羰基)(2-氯乙基)-4,6-二硝基苯胺基]乙酯(IIb1)
将2-[双(2-羟基乙基)氨基]-3,5-二硝基苯甲酰胺[Friedlos等人,J.Med.Chem,1997,40,1270](2.5g,8mmol)的CH2Cl2(200mL)溶液在冰浴中冷却,一次性加入Et3N(8mL)和MsCl(4mL)。搅拌10分钟后,加入饱和NaHCO3(100mL),另外30分钟后,将水相用CH2Cl2(2×70mL)萃取,合并有机相,干燥,在减压下浓缩,残余物经过硅胶柱色谱纯化。用EtOAc/石油醚(1∶1至1∶0)洗脱,得到IIb1(0.6g,18%):mp(EtOAc/石油醚)155-157℃;1HNMR[(CD3)2SO]δ8.74(d,J=2.7Hz,1H,H-5),8.34(d,J=2.7Hz,1H,H-3),8.19(s,1H,CONH),7.99(s,1H,CONH),4.29(m,2H,CH2OMs),3.73(m,2H,CH2Cl),3.48(m,4H,2xCH2N),3.15(s,3H,OSO2CH3);13CNMRδ167.11,145.98,146.34,140.84,136.05,127.26,122.22,67.49,54.35,51.34,41.36,36.46。C12H15ClN4O8S分析计算值:C,35.1;H,3.7;N,13.7;Cl,8.5;实测值:C,35.7;H,3.9;N,13.6;Cl,8.7%。
进一步洗脱得到甲磺酸2-(2-(氨基羰基){2-[(甲基磺酰基)氧基]乙基}-4,6-二硝基苯胺基)乙酯(13a)(3.0g,80%):mp(EtOAc)149-150℃;1HNMR[(CD3)2SO]δ8.73(d,J=2.8Hz,1H,H-5),8.35(d,J=2.9Hz,1H,H-3),8.19(s,1H,CONH),8.00(s,1H,CONH),4.31(m,4H,2x CH2OMs),3.49(m,4H,2x CH2-N),3.14(s,6H,2xOSO2CH3)。C13H18N4O11S2分析计算值:C,33.2;H,3.9;N,11.9;实测值:C,33.7;H,4.0;N,11.8%。
甲磺酸2-[2-(氨基羰基)(2-溴乙基)-4,6-二硝基苯胺基]乙酯(IIb2)
将二甲磺酸酯13a(1.62g,3.5mmol)的温热EtOAc(100mL)溶液用LiBr(400mg,4.7mmol)一次性处理,将混合物加热至60℃达2小时。在减压下除去挥发物,将残余物直接吸附到硅胶上进行色谱处理。用EtOAc/石油醚(1∶1至1∶0)洗脱,得到二溴化物(0.31g,20%),为黄色固体(文献记载为泡沫)[Friedlos等人,J.Med.Chem.1997,1270]。进一步洗脱得到IIb2(0.85g,53%):mp(EtOAc/石油醚)153-154℃;1H NMR[(CD3)2SO]δ8.74(d,J=2.8Hz,1H,H-5),8.33(d,J=2.8Hz,1H,H-3),8.19(s,1H,CONH),7.99(s,1H,CONH),4.29(m,2H,CH2OMs),3.60(m,2H,CH2Br),3.49(m,4H,2xCH2-N),3.14(s,3H,OSO2CH3);13C NMRδ167.11,145.75,146.37,140.92,136.12,127.24,122.20,67.53,54.41,51.16,36.46,29.73。C12H15BrN4O8S分析计算值:C,31.7;H,3.3;N,12.3;Br,17.4;实测值:C,31.4;H,3.4;N,12.3;Br,17.8%。
甲磺酸2-((2-溴乙基)-2-{[(2-羟基乙基)氨基]羰基}-4,6-二硝基苯胺基)乙酯(IIb3)
将5mL水中的2-氨基乙醇(2.9g,47mmol)一次性加入到粗2-氯-3,5-二硝基苯甲酰氯(从2-氯-3,5-二硝基苯甲酸11(5.0g,18.3mmol)与SOCl2制备)的Me2CO(50mL)溶液中,同时在冰浴中冷却。将混合物搅拌30分钟,然后用1N HCl酸化至pH 4-5,在减压下浓缩,以除去Me2CO。加入EtOAc(100mL),2小时后收集白色固体,用EtOAc洗涤,风干,得到2-氯-3,5-二硝基-N-(2-羟基乙基)苯甲酰胺(12b)(3.0g,36%):mp(EtOAc)159-160℃;1H NMR[(CD3)2SO]δ8.99(d,J=2.6Hz,1H,H-5),8.86(m,1H,CONH),8.56(d,J=2.6Hz,1H,H-3),4.83(m,1H,-OH),3.54(m,4H),无需进一步纯化即可用于下一步。
将12b(0.6g,2.14mmol)的CH2Cl2溶液在冰浴中冷却,加入3,4-二氢-2H-吡喃(2.0mL)和对-甲苯磺酸(0.1g)。将反应混合物搅拌2小时,然后在减压下浓缩。残余物经过硅胶色谱处理,用EtOAc/石油醚(从1∶2至2∶1)洗脱,得到2-氯-3,5-二硝基-N-[2-(四氢-2H-吡喃-2-基氧基)乙基]苯甲酰胺(12c)(0.8g,100%),为油状物;1H NMR[(CD3)2SO]δ8.67(d,J=2.6Hz,1H,H-4),8.60(d,J=2.6Hz,1H,H-6),7.02(m,1H,CONH),4.54(m,1H),4.00-3.50(m,6H),1.84-1.75(m,6H),无需进一步纯化即可用于下一步。如上所述使12c与二乙醇胺、继而与MsCl/Et3N反应,得到甲磺酸2-[{2-[(甲基磺酰基)氧基]乙基}-4,6-二硝基-6-({[2-(四氢-2H-吡喃-2-基氧基)乙基]氨基}羰基)苯胺基]乙酯(13c)(1.28g,100%),为黄色泡沫;1H NMR[(CD3)2SO]δ8.63(d,J=2.9Hz,1H,H-5),8.51(d,J=2.9Hz,1H,H-3),4.55(m,1H),4.39(m,4H),4.00-3.59(m,10H),3.15(s,3H),3.03(s,3H),1.64-1.39(m,6H),无需进一步纯化即用于下一步。
将13c(1.28g,2.14mmol)的THF(60mL)溶液用1N HCl(40mL)处理,将溶液在20℃下搅拌1小时,然后用水(100mL)稀释,用饱和NaHCO3中和,用EtOAc萃取(3×80mL)。合并有机相,用盐水洗涤,干燥,蒸发溶剂,残余物经过硅胶色谱纯化,用EtOAc/MeOH(从1∶0至100∶2)洗脱,得到13b(0.84g,76%),为黄色泡沫;1H NMR[(CD3)2SO]δ8.78(m,1H,CONH),8.74(d,J=2.7Hz,1H,H-5),8.36(d,J=2.7Hz,1H,H-3),4.29(m,4H,2xCH2OMs),3.56(m,2H),3.45(m,6H),3.14(s,6H,2xOSO2CH3);13C NMRδ165.37,146.27,145.06,140,63,135.78,127.62,122.32,67.26,59.17,51.26,42.14,36.44。
在60℃下将13c(0.49g,0.95mmol)用LiBr(0.100g,1.2mmol)于EtOAc(60mL)中处理3小时,产物经过硅胶色谱处理,用EtOAc/石油醚(从2∶1至1∶0)洗脱,得到二溴化物(14c)(0.24g,53%)。进一步洗脱得到IIb3(0.20g,42%),为黄色泡沫;1H NMR[(CD3)2SO]δ8.77(m,1H,CONH),8.74(d,J=2.7Hz,1H,H-5),8.36(d,J=2.7Hz,1H,H-3),4.28(m,2H,CH2OMs),3.58(m,4H),3.44(m,4H),3.14(s,3H,OSO2CH3);13C NMRδ165.33,145.79,145.20,140,87,135.11,127.50,122.19,67.49,59.18,54.21,50.99,42.09,36.44,29.68。C14H20 79BrN4O9S的HRMS m/z(M+1)+要求值:499.01344;实测值:499.01324。
甲磺酸2-((2-碘乙基)-2-{[(2-羟基乙基)氨基]羰基}-4,6-二硝基苯胺基)乙酯(IIb4)
在60℃下,将13b(6.7g,13.0mmol)用NaI(2.9g,20mmol)于EtOAc(200mL)中处理3小时,产物经过硅胶色谱处理,用EtOAc/石油醚(从2∶1至1∶0)洗脱,得到2-[双(2-碘乙基)氨基]-N-(3-羟基乙基)-3,5-二硝基苯甲酰胺(3.3g,44%),为黄色固体:mp(EtOAc/石油醚)129-131℃;1H NMR[(CD3)2SO]δ8.72(d,J=2.8Hz,1H,H-4),8.70(m,1H,CONH),8.32(d,J=2.8Hz,1H,H-6),4.80(m,1H),3.55(m,2H),3.43(m,4H),3.31(m,6H);13C NMRδ165.3,145.2,144.7,141.0,136.3,127.3,122.0,59.3,54.7,42.1,2.94。
从后面的洗脱液得到IIb4(1.35g,19%),为黄色泡沫;1H NMR[(CD3)2SO]δ8.74(d,J=2.8Hz,1H,H-4),8.74(m,1H,CONH),8.34(d,J=2.8Hz,1H,H-6),4.28(m,2H),3.56(m,2H),3.43(m,2H),3.31(m,6H),3.13(s,3H);13C NMRδ165.3,145.5,145.2,140.8,136.1,127.4,122.1,67.5,59.2,55.4,50.6,42.1,36.5,2.6。C14H20IN4O9S的HRMS(FAB)计算值:[M+H+]m/z546.9996;实测值:546.9997。
甲磺酸2-((2-溴乙基)-2-{[(2-羟基丙基)氨基]羰基}-4,6-二硝基苯胺基)乙酯(IIb5)
将12d(1.22g,4.0mmol)的50mL CH2Cl2溶液在冰浴中冷却,加入3,4-二氢-2H-吡喃(1.0mL)和对-甲苯磺酸(0.1g)。将反应混合物搅拌2小时,然后在减压下浓缩。残余物经过硅胶色谱处理,用EtOAc/石油醚(从1∶2至2∶1)洗脱,得到2-氯-3,5-二硝基-N-[2-(四氢-2H-吡喃-2-基氧基)丙基]苯甲酰胺(12e)(1.45g,94%),为淡黄色油;1H NMR[(CD3)2SO]δ8.99(d,J=2.7Hz,1H,H-4),8.81(m,1H,CONH),8.51(d,J=2.7Hz,1H,H-6),4.57(m,1H),3.72(m,2H),3.46-3.25(m,4H),1.82-1.44(m,8H);13C NMRδ162.7,148.4,145.9,140.3,128.2,125.8,120.5,98.0,64.2,61.3,36.5,30.2,28.9,24.9,19.1。C15H19 35ClIN3O7的HRMS(FAB)计算值:[M+H+]m/z388.0912;实测值;388.0915。
如上所述使12e(1.45g,3.75mmol)与二乙醇胺(1.67g)反应,得到2-[双(2-羟基乙基)氨基]-3,5-二硝基-N-[2-(四氢-2H-吡喃-2-基氧基)丙基]苯甲酰胺(1.62g,95%),为黄色泡沫,直接使用;1H NMR[(CD3)2SO]δ8.96(m,1H,CONH),8.66(d,J=2.8Hz,1H,H-4),8.31(d,J=2.8Hz,1H,H-6),4.95(m,2H),4.56(m,1H),3.79-3.16(m,14H),1.80-1.45(m,8H);13C NMRδ166.2,148.1,143.6,139.3,133.8,128.9,123.8,98.5,64.8,61.7,58.5,54.6,37.3,30.6,29.2,25.4,19.6。C19H29N4O6的HRMS(FAB)计算值:[M+H+]m/z457.1935;实测值;457.1939。
如上所述使上述二醇(1.62g,3.55mmol)与MsCl(2mL)反应,得到甲磺酸2-[{2-[(甲基磺酰基)氧基]乙基}-4,6-二硝基-6-({[2-(四氢-2H-吡喃-2-基氧基)丙基]-氨基}羰基)苯胺基]乙酯(13e)(2.17g,100%),为黄色泡沫;1HNMR[(CD3)2SO]δ8.71(d,J=2.8Hz,1H),8.71(m,1H),8.31(d,J=2.8Hz,1H),4.26(m,4H),3.71-3.37(m,10H),3.13(s,6H),3.10(m,2H),1.82-1.43(m,8H);13C NMRδ165.1,146.3,145.4,140.9,135.9,127.4,122.2,98.0,67.2,64.3,51.4,45.7,36.5,30.2,28.7,24.9,19.1,8.5。C21H33N4O13S2的HRMS(FAB)计算值:[M+H+]m/z 613.1486;实测值:613.1481。
将13e(2.95g,3.55mmol)的THF(120mL)溶液用1N HCl(80mL)处理,将溶液在20℃下搅拌1小时,然后用水(100mL)稀释,用饱和NaHCO3中和,用EtOAc萃取(3×80mL)。合并有机相,用盐水洗涤,干燥,蒸发溶剂,残余物经过硅胶色谱纯化,用EtOAc/MeOH(100∶1)洗脱,得到甲磺酸2-[{2-[(甲基磺酰基)氧基]乙基}-4,6-二硝基-6-([{2-羟基丙基-氨基}羰基]苯胺基)乙酯(13d)(1.4g,75%),为黄色固体:mp(EtOAc/石油醚)130-133℃;1H NMR[(CD3)2SO]δ8.74(d,J=2.8Hz,1H),8.72(m,1H),8.32(d,J=2.8Hz,1H),4.29(m,4H),3.47(m,8H),3.14(s,6H),1.71(m,2H);13CNMRδ165.2,146.3,145.3,140.8,135.9,127.5,122.3,67.3,58.4,51.4,36.8,36.5,31.7。分析值(C16H24N4O12S2)C,H,N。
在60℃下,将13d(0.25g,0.45mmol)用LiBr(53mg,0.7mmol)于EtOAc(50mL)中处理3小时,产物经过硅胶色谱处理,用EtOAc/石油醚(从2∶1至1∶0)洗脱,得到IIb5(0.16g,66%),为黄色泡沫;1H NMR[(CD3)2SO]δ8.74(d,J=2.8Hz,1H),8.73(m,1H),8.31(d,J=2.8Hz,1H),4.28(m,2H),3.65-3.44(m,10H),3.13(s,3H),1.70(m,2H);13C NMRδ165.1,145.7,145.4,141.0,136.2,127.3,122.1,67.5,58.4,51.1,36.7,36.5,31.7,29.6。C15H22 79BrN4O9S的HRMS(FAB)计算值:[M+H+]m/z 513.0291;实测值:513.0281。
甲磺酸2-((2-溴乙基)-2-{[(2,3-二羟基丙基)氨基]羰基}-4,6-二硝基苯胺基)乙酯(IIb6)
在室温下,将甲磺酸2-(2-({[(2,2-二甲基-1,3-二氧戊环-4-基)甲基]氨基}羰基){2-[(甲基磺酰基)氧基]乙基}-4,6-二硝基苯胺基)乙酯(13g)[Palmer等人,J.Med.Chem.1997,40,1272](5.0mmol)的MeOH(200mL)溶液用对-甲苯磺酸(0.2g)处理4小时。然后蒸发大部分MeOH,将残余物吸收于EtOAc(200mL)中,用饱和NaHCO3和盐水洗涤,干燥,浓缩。产物经过硅胶色谱处理,用EtOAc/MeOH(20∶1)洗脱,得到甲磺酸2-(2-{[(2,3-二羟基丙基)氨基]羰基}{2-[(甲基磺酰基)氧基]乙基}-4,6-二硝基苯胺基)乙酯(13f)(2.0g,73%),为黄色泡沫;1H NMR[(CD3)2SO]δ8.77(m,1H,CONH),8.74(d,J=3.0Hz,1H,H-5),8.37(d,J=3.0Hz,1H,H-3),4.30(m,4H,2xCH2OMs),3.66(m,1H),3.48-3.30(m,8H),3.14(s,6H,2xOSO2CH3);13C NMRδ165.42,146.24,145.09,140.60,135.77,127.67,122.26,69.77,67.29,63.87,51.29,42.98,36.44。C16H25N4O13S2的HRMS m/z(M+1)+要求值:545.08596;实测值:545.08680。
在60℃下,将13f(1.50g,2.75mmol)用LiBr(0.21g,2.0mmol)于EtOAc(60mL)中处理3小时,继之以硅胶色谱处理,用EtOAc/MeOH(20∶1)洗脱,得到二溴化物14f(0.5g,35%),为黄色泡沫,然后得到IIb6(0.62g,34%),为黄色固体;1H NMR[(CD3)2SO]δ8.74(d,J=2.8Hz,1H,H-5),8.71(m,1H,CONH),8.36(d,J=2.8Hz,1H,H-3),4.28(m,2H,CH2OMs),3.69-3.30(m,11H),3.14(s,3H);13C NMRδ165.52,145.87,145.30,140.93,136.20,127.64,122.23,68.89,67.62,63.93,54.35,51.08,43.04,36.52,29.80。C15H21BrN4O10S分析计算值:C,34.1;H,4.0;N,10.6;Br,15.0;实测值:C,34.0;H,4.0;N,10.5;Br,15.2%。进一步洗脱得到原料8e(0.28,19%)。
甲磺酸2-[(2-溴乙基)-2-({[3-(4-吗啉基)丙基]氨基}羰基)-4,6-二硝基苯胺基]乙酯(IIb7)
在室温下,使2-氯-N-[3-(4-吗啉基)丙基]-3,5-二硝基苯甲酰胺(12h)(0.5g,1.34mmol)与二乙醇胺(0.5g)在对-二噁烷(10mL)中反应3小时。将反应混合物倒入盐水中,用EtOAc萃取(3×70mL),合并有机相,干燥,在减压下浓缩,得到粗的2-[双(2-羟基乙基)氨基]-N-[3-(4-吗啉基)丙基]-3,5-二硝基苯甲酰胺。将其溶于CH2Cl2(100mL),在冰浴中冷却,用Et3N(1.5mL)、继之以MsCl(0.7mL)一次性处理。搅拌10分钟后,加入饱和NaHCO3(100mL),将混合物搅拌另外30分钟,然后将水相用CH2Cl2萃取(2×70mL)。合并有机相,干燥,在减压下蒸发。残余物经过柱色谱纯化,用EtOAc/MeOH(20∶1至9∶0)洗脱,得到甲磺酸2-[{2-[(甲基磺酰基)氧基]乙基}-2-({[3-(4-吗啉基)丙基]氨基}羰基)-4,6-二硝基苯胺基]乙酯(13h)(0.75g,93%),为泡沫;1H NMR[(CD3)2SO]δ8.77(m,1H,CONH),8.74(d,J=2.7Hz,1H,H-5),8.20(d,J=2.7Hz,1H,H-3),4.28(m,4H,2xCH2OMs),3.56(m,5H),3.44(m,5H),3.15(s,6H),2.35(m,6H),1.71(m,2H)。
在60℃下,将13h(0.70g,1.17mmol)的EtOAc(100mL)溶液用LiBr(118mg,1.36mmol)处理2小时。在减压下除去挥发物,将残余物直接吸附到硅胶上进行色谱处理。用EtOAc/MeOH(从20∶1至10∶1)洗脱,得到2-[双(2-溴乙基)氨基]-N-[3-(4-吗啉基)丙基]-3,5-二硝基苯甲酰胺(14h)228mg(34%),为黄色油;1H NMR[(CD3)2SO]δ8.77(m,1H,CONH),8.76(d,J=2.8Hz,1H,H-5),8.30(d,J=2.8Hz,1H,H-3),3.58-3.42(m,14H),2.36(m,6H),1.70(m,2H);13C NMRδ165.08,145.57,145.27,141.19,136.40,127.27,122.10,66.08,59.66,55.64,53.19,37.61,25.39,13.99。C18H25 79Br2N5O6的HRMS m/z(M+1)+要求值:566.0250;实测值:566.0241。从后面的洗脱液得到IIb7(300mg,44%),为黄色泡沫;1H NMR[(CD3)2SO]δ8.77(m,1H,CONH),8.75(d,J=2.6Hz,1H,H-4),8.31(d,J=2.6Hz,1H,H-6),4.28(m,2H,CH2OMs),3.56(m,7H),3.44(m,5H),3.14(s,3H),2.35(m,6H),1.71(m,2H);13C NMRδ165.07,145.79,145.31,140.92,136.04,127.36,122.21,67.50,66.09,59.64,55.68,53.21,51.10,37.63,36.45,25.41,14.00。C19H29 79BrN5O9S的HRMS m/z(M+1)+要求值:582.08519;实测值:582.08694;还得到原料13h(117mg,18%)。
3-{[2-((2-氯乙基){2-[(甲基磺酰基)氧基]乙基}氨基)-3,5-二硝基苯甲酰基]氨基}丙酸甲酯(IIb8)
将丙氨酸甲酯盐酸盐(2.55g,18.3mmol)溶于水(12mL),将该溶液用Me2CO(20mL)和Et2O(50mL)稀释。然后将其倒入粗的2-氯-3,5-二硝基苯甲酰氯(从2-氯-3,5-二硝基苯甲酸11(5.0g,18.3mmol)与SOCl2制备)的Me2CO(50mL)溶液中,同时在冰浴中冷却。将混合物搅拌30分钟,然后倒入水中,用EtOAc萃取。将有机相用饱和NaHCO3和盐水洗涤,干燥,浓缩,得到3-[(2-氯-3,5-二硝基苯甲酰基)氨基]丙酸甲酯(12i)(4.45g,73.3%):mp(EtOAc/石油醚)128-130℃;1H NMR[(CD3)2SO]δ8.99(d,J=2.7Hz,1H,H-4),8.96(m,1H,CONH),8.51(d,J=2.7Hz,1H,H-6),3.63(s,3H,CO2CH3),3.50(m,2H,CONHCH2),2.64(m,2H,CH2CO2)。产物无需进一步纯化即可使用。
将12i(2.5g,7.6mmol)与二乙醇胺(2.0g)在对-二噁烷(30mL)中的混合物在室温下保持3小时,然后倒入盐水中,用EtOAc萃取(3×70mL)。合并有机相,干燥,在减压下蒸发。将残余物溶于CH2Cl2(15mL),在冰浴中冷却,用Et3N(8mL)和MsCl(4mL)处理。搅拌10分钟后,加入饱和NaHCO3(100mL),再搅拌另外30分钟后,将水相用CH2Cl2萃取(2×70mL)。合并有机相,干燥,然后在减压下蒸发,残余物然后经过硅胶柱色谱纯化。用EtOAc/石油醚(1∶1至1∶0)洗脱,得到IIb8(0.2g,5%),为黄色油;1H NMR[(CD3)2SO]δ8.88(m,1H,CONH),8.74(d,J=2.7Hz,1H,H-4),8.31(d,J=2.7Hz,1H,H-6),4.29(m,2H,CH2OMs),3.71(m,2H,CH2Cl),3.63(s,3H,CO2CH3),3.54-3.36(m,6H),3.14(s,3H,OSO2CH3),2.65(m,2H,CH2CO2);13C NMRδ171.68,165.34,146.14,145.17,140,74,135.59,127.58,122.42,67.47,54.22,51.45,51.22,41.37,36.48,35.44,32.95。C16H22 35ClN4O10S的HRMS m/z(M+1)+要求值:497.0745;实测值:497.0748。
进一步洗脱得到3-{[2-双{2-[(甲基磺酰基)氧基]乙基}氨基]-3,5-二硝基苯甲酰基}氨基}丙酸甲酯(13i)(2.6g,62%),为黄色油;1H NMR[(CD3)2SO]δ8.90(m,1H,CONH),8.74(d,J=2.7Hz,1H,H-4),8.32(d,J=2.7Hz,1H,H-6),4.30(m,4H,2xCH2OMs),3.63(s,3H,CO2CH3),3.52(m,2H,CONHCH2),3.44(m,4H,2x CH2N),3.14(s,6H,2xOSO2CH3),2.65(m,2H,CH2CO2);13C NMRδ171.66,165.28,146.36,144.98,140,52,135.23,127.64,122.50,67.20,51.40,51.25,36.44,35.45,32.91。C17H25N4O13S2的HRMS m/z(M+1)+要求值:557.0860;实测值:557.0853。
在IIb8的替代制备方法中,在60℃下将13i(0.417g,0.75mmol)的DMF(10mL)溶液用LiCl(0.038g,1.00mmol)处理2小时,然后冷却,倒入稀HCl中,用EtOAc萃取(3×80mL)。将产物处理并经过硅胶色谱分离,用EtOAc/石油醚(1∶1至2∶1)洗脱,得到3-({2-[双(2-氯乙基)氨基]-3,5-二硝基苯甲酰基}氨基)丙酸甲酯(15i)(0.16g,51%),为黄色油;1H NMR[(CD3)2SO]δ8.85(m,1H,CONH),8.74(d,J=2.7Hz,1H,H-4),8.29(d,J=2.7Hz,1H,H-6),3.68(m,4H,2x CH2Cl),3.63(s,3H,CO2CH3),3.50(m,2H,CONHCH2),3.41(m,4H,N(CH2)2),2.64(m,2H,CH2CO2);13C NMRδ171.59,165.28,145.81,145.31,140,89,135.89,127.45,122.26,54.08,51.40,41.51,35.35,32.92。然后进一步洗脱,得到IIb8(0.124g,33%),与上面制备的样品相同。
3-{[2-((2-溴乙基){2-[(甲基磺酰基)氧基]乙基}氨基)-3,5-二硝基苯甲酰基]氨基}丙酸甲酯(IIb9)
在60℃下,将13i(2.04g,3.67mmol)用LiBr(0.318g,3.67mmol)于EtOAc(100mL)中处理3小时,继之以硅胶色谱处理,用EtOAc/石油醚(1∶1至1∶0)洗脱,得到3-({2-[双(2-溴乙基)氨基]-3,5-二硝基苯甲酰基}氨基)丙酸甲酯(14i)(0.55g,29%),为黄色泡沫;1H NMR[(CD3)2SO]δ8.86(m,1H,CONH),8.74(d,J=2.7Hz,1H,H-4),8.29(d,J=2.7Hz,1H,H-6),3.63(s,3H,CO2CH3),3.60-3.43(m,10H),2.64(m,2H,CH2CO2);13C NMRδ171.60,165.28,145.39,145.36,141.07,136.05,127.44,122.25,53.97,51.44,35.35,32.95,29.96。C15H19 79Br2N4O7的HRMS m/z(M+1)+要求值:524.9621;实测值:524.9616。
进一步洗脱得到IIb9(0.96g,48%),为黄色泡沫;1H NMR[(CD3)2SO]δ8.89(m,1H,CONH),8.74(d,J=2.7Hz,1H,H-4),8.31(d,J=2.7Hz,1H,H-6),4.28(m,2H,CH2OMs),3.63(s,3H,CO2CH3),3.60-3.43(m,8H),3.14(s,3H,OSO2CH3),2.65(m,2H,CH2CO2);13C NMRδ171.63,165.28,145.87,145.19,140,81,135.65,127.54,122.37,67.47,54.25,51.42,51.02,36.45,35.40,32.93,29.69。C16H22 79BrN4O10S的HRMS m/z(M+1)+要求值:541.0240;实测值:541.0228,继而得到原料13g(0.45g,22%)。
实施例C:采用流程3所述方法制备式IIc类似物
甲磺酸2-[3-(氨基羰基)(2-氯乙基)-2,4-二硝基苯胺基]乙酯(IIc1)
将3-[双(2-羟基乙基)氨基]-2,6-二硝基苯甲酸甲酯[Palmer等人,J.Med.Chem.1996,39,2518](7.24g,22mmol)的CH2Cl2(120mL)溶液在冰浴中冷却,一次性加入Et3N(15mL)和MsCl(8mL)。搅拌10分钟后,加入饱和NaHCO3(100mL),另外30分钟后,将水相用CH2Cl2萃取(2×70mL),合并有机相,干燥,在减压下浓缩,残余物经过硅胶柱色谱纯化。用EtOAc/石油醚(1∶1至1∶0)洗脱,得到粗的3-(双{2-[(甲基磺酰基)氧基]乙基}氨基)-2,6-二硝基苯甲酸甲酯(16)(10.67g,100%),为黄色油;1H NMR[(CD3)2SO]δ8.32(d,J=9.6Hz,1H,H-5),7.75(d,J=9.6Hz,1H,H-4),4.32(m,4H),3.88(s,3H),3.67(m,4H),3.14(m,6H);13C NMRδ163.02,147.59,138.40,136.46,128.33,125.83,123.96,66.73,54.00,50.24,45.58,36.58。
将16(10.6g,21.9mmol)用3N KOH(40mL)于二噁烷(200mL)中在室温下水解15分钟,继而用1N HCl酸化,用EtOAc萃取,得到定量收率的粗的3-(双{2-[(甲基磺酰基)氧基]乙基}氨基)-2,6-二硝基苯甲酸(17):mp200-210℃,HRMS:C13H18N3O12S2要求值m/z 472.0332;实测值:472.033,无需纯化即可使用。将来自17(3.2g,6.8mmol)的酰氯(SOCl2/催化量的DMF)溶于Me2CO(30mL),在冰浴中冷却,用浓NH4OH(10mL)处理。搅拌10分钟后,将反应混合物用1N HCl酸化至pH 2-3,然后蒸发大部分溶剂,使残余物在EtOAc与水之间分配。将水层用EtOAc萃取(2×80mL),合并有机萃取液,干燥,在减压下蒸发。将残余物直接吸附到硅胶上进行色谱处理。用EtOAc/石油醚(从1∶1至1∶0)洗脱,得到IIc1(0.145g,5.2%:mp(EtOAc)134-136℃;1H NMR[(CD3)2SO]δ8.25(d,J=9.3Hz,1H,H-5),8.23(s,1H,NH),7.89(s,1H,NH),7.64(d,J=9.3Hz,1H,H-6),4.27(m,2H,CH2OMs),3.73(m,2H),3.66(m,2H),3.59(m,2H),3.15(s,3H);13CNMRδ163.06,146.40,140.52,137.65,129.42,127.51,122.89,66.83,52.93,50.16,41.45,36.57。C12H15ClN4O8S分析计算值:C,35.1;H,3.7;N,13.6;Cl,8.6;实测值:C,35.5;H,3.7;N,13.6;Cl,8.6%。
将柱子用EtOAc/MeOH(50∶1)洗脱,得到甲磺酸2-(3-(氨基羰基){2-[(甲基磺酰基)氧基]乙基}-2,6-二硝基苯胺基)乙酯(18a)(1.1g,34%):mp(EtOAc/MeOH/石油醚)160-162℃;1H NMR[(CD3)2SO]δ8.26(d,J=9.3Hz,1H,H-5),8.23(s,1H,NH),7.89(s,1H,NH),7.66(d,J=9.3Hz,1H,H-6),4.27(m,4H,2x-CH2OMs),3.63(m,4H,2x-CH2N),3.15(s,6H,2x CH3SO3-);13C NMRδ163.00,146.51,140.98,137.99,129.30,127.47,123.40,66.74,50.44,36.56。C13H18N4O11S2分析计算值:C,33.2;H,3.9;N,11.9;实测值:C,33.5;H,3.8;N,11.9%。
甲磺酸2-[3-(氨基羰基)(2-溴乙基)-2,6-二硝基苯胺基]乙酯(IIc2)
将LiBr(117mg,1.34mmol)一次性加入到18a(0.474g,1.0mmol)的Me2CO/EtOAc(1∶1,100mL)溶液中,将反应混合物加热至60℃达2小时。在减压下除去挥发物,将残余物直接吸附到硅胶上进行色谱处理。用EtOAc/石油醚(1∶1)洗脱,得到3-[双(2-溴乙基)氨基]-2,6-二硝基苯甲酰胺(19a)(95mg,21%),为黄色油;1H NMR[(CD3)2SO]δ8.25(d,J=9.5Hz,1H,H-5),8.22(s,1H,NH),7.88(s,1H,NH),7.63(d,J=9.5Hz,1H,H-4),3.68(m,4H),3.58(m,4H(文献[Palmer等人,J.Med.Chem.,1996,39,2518-2528])。
进一步用EtOAc/石油醚(3∶1)洗脱,得到IIc2(208mg,46%):mp(EtOAc/石油醚)143-145℃;1H NMR[(CD3)2SO]δ8.25(d,J=9.3Hz,1H,H-5),8.23(s,1H,NH),7.89(s,1H,NH),7.64(d,J=9.3Hz,1H,H-6),4.28(m,2H,CH2OMs),3.67(m,4H),3.57(m,2H),3.16(s,3H);13C NMRδ163.05,146.17,140.49,137.68,129.42,127.53,122.89,66.85,52.92,50.04,36.57,29.95。C12H15BrN4O8S分析计算值:C,31.7;H,3.3;N,12.3;Br,17.4。实测值:C,31.9;H,3.3;N,12.2;Br,17.5%。
从后面的洗脱液得到原料18a(150mg)。
甲磺酸2-((2-溴乙基)-3-{[(2-羟基乙基)氨基]羰基}-2,6-二硝基苯胺基)乙酯(IIc3)
将EtOAc(50mL)中的甲磺酸3-(3-{[(2-羟基乙基)氨基]羰基}{3-[(甲基磺酰基)氧基]丁基}-2,4-二硝基苯胺基)-1-甲基丙基酯(18b)](310mg,0.6mmol)用LiBr(78mg,0.9mmol)处理,继之以硅胶色谱处理,用EtOAc/石油醚(从1∶1至1∶0)洗脱,得到3-[双(2-溴乙基)氨基]-N-(2-羟基乙基)-2,6-二硝基苯甲酰胺(19b)(70mg,25%),为泡沫;1H NMR[(CD3)2SO]δ8.80(m,1H,CONH),8.24(d,J=9.4Hz,1H),7.63(d,J=9.4Hz,1H),4.66(m,1H),3.70(m,4H),3.60(m,4H),3.45(m,2H),3.22(m,2H);13C NMRδ161.4,145.8,140.2,137.5,129.2,127.6,122.6,59.0,52.6,41.7,30.0。C13H17 79Br2N4O6的HRMS(FAB)计算值:[M+H+]m/z 482.9515;实测值:482.9508。
进一步用EtOAc/MeOH(50∶2)洗脱,得到IIc3(118mg,39%):mp.94-97℃;1H NMR[(CD3)2SO]δ8.80(m,1H,CONH),8.25(d,J=9.4Hz,1H),7.64(d,J=9.4Hz,1H),4.67(m,1H),4.27(m,2H),3.63(m,4H),3.57(m,2H),3.45(m,2H),3.26(m,2H),3.15(s,3H);13C NMRδ161.4,146.2,140.5,137.7,129.2,127.5,122.9,66.8,59.0,50.0,41.7,36.6,29.9。分析(C14H19BrN4O9S)C,H,N。
甲磺酸2-((2-氯乙基)-3-{[(3-羟基丙基)氨基]羰基}-2,4-二硝基苯胺基)乙酯(IIc4)
如上所述,使17的酰氯与3-氨基丙醇在Me2CO中在0℃下反应,继而产物经过硅胶色谱处理,用EtOAc/石油醚(1∶1)洗脱,得到IIc4(292mg,12%):mp(EtOAc/石油醚)104-109℃;1H NMR[(CD3)2SO]δ8.75(t,J=5.8Hz,1H,CONH),8.24(d,J=9.4Hz,1H,H-5),7.64(d,J=9.4Hz,1H,H-6),4.44(m,1H,CHOH),4.26(m,2H),3.72(m,2H),3.65(m,2H),3.59(m,2H),3.43(m,2H),3.20(m,2H),3.15(s,3H),1.60(m,2H);13C NMRδ161.09,146.42,140.49,137.65,129.23,127.58,122.91,66.82,58.22,52.88,50.11,41.44,36.57,36.37,31.57。C15H21ClN4O9S分析计算值:C,38.5;H,4.5;N,12.0;Cl,7.5;实测值:C,38.8;H,4.8;N,11.5;Cl,7.0%。
进一步用EtOAc洗脱,得到甲磺酸2-(3-{[(3-羟基丙基)氨基]羰基}{2-[(甲基磺酰基)氧基]乙基}-2,4-二硝基苯胺基)乙酯(18e)(1.1g,41%):mp(EtOAc/MeOH/石油醚)160-162℃;1H NMR[(CD3)2SO]δ8.77(t,J=5.8Hz,1H,CONH),8.26(d,J=9.4Hz,1H,H-5),7.66(d,J=9.4Hz,1H,H-6),4.43(m,1H,CHOH),4.27(m,4H,2xCH2OMs),3.63(m,4H,2xCH2N),3.43(m,2H),3.20(m,2H),3.15(s,6H,2xCH3SO3),1.60(m,2H);13C NMRδ161.03,146.52,140.95,138.00,129.12,127.54,123.42,66.72,58.22,50.39,36.55,36.37,31.57。C16H24N4O12S2分析计算值:C,36.4;H,4.6;N,10.6;实测值:C,36.6;H,4.5;N,10.6%。
甲磺酸2-((2-溴乙基)-3-{[(3-羟基丙基)氨基]羰基}-2,6-二硝基苯胺基)乙酯(IIc5)
如上将EtOAc(200mL)中的18c(716mg,1.36mmol)用LiBr(175mg,2.0mmol)处理,继之以硅胶色谱处理,用EtOAc/石油醚(从1∶1至1∶0)洗脱,得到3-[双(2-溴乙基)氨基]-N-(3-羟基丙基)-2,6-二硝基苯甲酰胺(19c)(289mg,42%),为泡沫;1H NMR[(CD3)2SO]δ8.75(t,J=5.8Hz,1H,CONH),8.23(d,J=9.4Hz,1H,H-5),7.62(d,J=9.4Hz,1H,H-4),4.47(m,1H,CHOH),3.68(m,4H),3.57(m,4H),3.43(m,2H),3.20(m,2H),1.60(m,2H);13C NMRδ161.20,146.90,140.20,137.53,129.36,127.69,122.56,58.29,52.64,36.42,31.61,30.13。C14H19 79Br2N4O6的HRMS m/z(M+1)+要求值:496.9671;实测值;496.9667。
进一步用EtOAc/MeOH(50∶2)洗脱,得到IIc5(270mg,39%):mp.115-117℃;1H NMR[(CD3)2SO]δ8.75(t,J=5.8Hz,1H,CONH),8.24(d,J=9.4Hz,1H,H-5),7.64(d,J=9.4Hz,1H,H-6),4.43(m,1H,CHOH),4.27(m,2H,CH2OMs),3.66(m,4H,2xCH2N),3.59(m,2H),3.44(m,2H),3.22(m,2H),3.15(s,3H,CH3SO3),1.60(m,2H);13C NMRδ161.08,146.19,140.47,137.69,129.24,127.59,122.91,66.83,58.22,52.87,50.00,36.57,36.37,31.58,29.95。C15H21BrN4O9S分析计算值:C,35.2;H,4.1;N,10.9;Br,15.4;实测值:C,35.4;H,3.9;N,11.0;Br,16.3%。
甲磺酸2-((2-溴乙基)-3-{[(4-羟基丁基)氨基]羰基}-2,6-二硝基苯胺基)乙酯(IIc6)
将EtOAc(100mL)中的甲磺酸3-(3-{[(4-羟基丁基)氨基]羰基}{3-[(甲基磺酰基)氧基]丁基}-2,4-二硝基苯胺基)-1-甲基丙酯(18d)(500mg,0.92mmol)用LiBr(110mg,1.4mmol)处理,继之以硅胶色谱处理,用EtOAc/石油醚(从1∶1至1∶0)洗脱,得到3-[双(2-溴乙基)氨基]-N-(4-羟基丁基)-2,6-二硝基苯甲酰胺(19d)(100mg,21%),为泡沫;1H NMR[(CD3)2SO]δ8.73(m,1H,CONH),8.25(d,J=9.4Hz,1H),7.63(d,J=9.4Hz,1H),4.38(m,1H),3.69(m,4H),3.57(m,4H),3.40(m,2H),3.14(m,2H),1.47(m,4H);13CNMRδ161.0,145.8,140.2,137.6,129.3,127.6,122.6,60.2,52.6,30.0,29.6,24.8。C15H20 79Br2N4O6的HRMS(FAB)计算值:[M+H+]m/z510.9828;实测值:510.9819。
进一步用EtOAc/MeOH(50∶2)洗脱,得到IIc6(117mg,30%):mp.114-117℃;1H NMR[(CD3)2SO]δ8.74(m,1H,CONH),8.25(d,J=9.4Hz,1H),7.65(d,J=9.4Hz,1H),4.37(m,1H),4.27(m,2H),3.65(m,4H),3.57(m,2H),3.35(m,2H),3.16(m,2H),3.15(s,3H),1.47(m,4H);13CNMRδ160.0,146.1,140.6,137.8,129.2,127.5,122.9,66.8,60.2,52.9,50.0,36.6,29.9,29.6,24.9。分析(C16H23BrN4O9S)C,H,N。
甲磺酸2-((2-氯乙基)-3-{[(2,3-二羟基丙基)氨基]羰基}-2,4-二硝基苯胺基)乙酯(IIc7)
如上所述在0℃下使17的酰氯(2.4g,5.1mmol)与3-氨基-1,2-丙二醇在Me2CO中反应,继而产物经过硅胶色谱处理,用EtOAc洗脱,得到IIc7(240mg,10%):mp(EtOAc)100-105℃;1H NMR[(CD3)2SO]δ8.77(t,J=5.8Hz,1H,CONH),8.24(d,J=9.4Hz,1H,H-5),7.64(d,J=9.4Hz,1H,H-6),4.72(d,J=4.9,1H,CHOH),4.52(t,J=5.7,1H,CH2OH),4.27(m,2H,CH2OMs),3.74-3.50(m,10H),3.15(s,3H,CH3SO3),3.04(m,1H);13C NMRδ161.48,146.38,140.55,137.73,129.28,127.51,122.88,69.89,66.83,63.57,52.95,50.17,42.55,41.43,36.58。C15H21ClN4O10S分析计算值:C,37.2;H,4.4;N,11.6;Cl,7.2;实测值:C,38.0;H,4.5;N,11.1;Cl,7.2%。
进一步用EtOAc/MeOH(50∶1)洗脱,得到甲磺酸2-(3-{[(2,3-二羟基丙基)氨基]羰基}{2-[(甲基磺酰基)氧基]乙基}-2,4-二硝基苯胺基)乙酯(18e)(480mg,51%):mp(MeOH/EtOAc)60-63℃;1H NMR[(CD3)2SO]δ8.78(t,J=5.8Hz,1H,CONH),8.24(d,J=9.4Hz,1H,H-5),7.66(d,J=9.4Hz,1H,H-6),4.72(d,J=4.9,1H,CHOH),4.52(t,J=5.7,1H,CH2OH),4.27(m,4H,2xCH2OMs),3.63(m,4H),3.52-3.30(m,5H),3.15(s,3H,2xCH3SO3),3.06(m,1H);13C NMRδ161.43,146.49,141.01,138.07,129.15,127.47,123.36,69.89,66.73,63.67,50.44,42.55,36.56。C16H24N4O13S2分析计算值:C,35.3;H,4.5;N,10.3;实测值:C,35.8;H,4.5;N,10.5%。
甲磺酸2-((2-溴乙基)-3-{[(2,3-二羟基丙基)氨基]羰基}-2,4-二硝基苯胺基)乙酯(IIc8)
如上将EtOAc(200mL)中的18e(0.92g,1.7mmol)用LiBr(170mg,1.95mmol)处理,继之以硅胶色谱处理,用EtOAc/MeOH(50∶1)洗脱,得到3-[双(2-溴乙基)氨基]-N-(2,3-二羟基丙基)-2,4-二硝基苯甲酰胺(19e)(155mg,18%),为黄色油;1H NMR[(CD3)2SO]δ8.76(t,J=5.8Hz,1H,CONH),8.23(d,J=9.5Hz,1H,H-5),7.63(d,J=9.5Hz,1H,H-6),4.72(d,J=5.1Hz,1H,CHOH),4.52(t,J=5.7Hz,1H,CH2OH),3.70-3.50(m,11H),3.04(m,1H)。C14H19 79Br2N4O7的HRMS m/z(M+1)+要求值:512.9621;实测值:512.9603。
进一步洗脱得到IIc8(278mg,31%):mp(EtOAc)108-110℃;1H NMR[(CD3)2SO]δ8.77(t,J=5.8Hz,1H,CONH),8.24(d,J=9.4Hz,1H,H-5),7.64(d,J=9.4Hz,1H,H-6),4.72(d,J=4.9,1H,CHOH),4.52(t,J=5.7,1H,CH2OH),4.27(m,2H,CH2OMs),3.70-3.50(m,10H),3.15(s,3H,CH3SO3),3.06(m,1H);13C NMRδ161.47,146.16,140.52,137.77,129.28,127.53,122.88,69.89,66.84,63.57,52.94,50.05,42.55,36.58,29.94;C15H21BrN4O10S分析计算值:C,34.1;H,4.0;N,10.6;Br,15.0;实测值:C,34.3;H,4.1;N,10.4;Br,15.4%;以及原料(200mg,22%)。
甲磺酸2-[(2-氯乙基)-3-({[3-(4-吗啉基)丙基]氨基}羰基)-2,4-二硝基苯胺基]乙酯(IIc9)
如上所述,使Me2CO中的17的酰氯(1.3g)与3-(4-吗啉基)丙胺(1.0mL)在0℃下反应,继而产物经过硅胶色谱处理,用EtOAc/MeOH(9∶1至4∶1)洗脱,得到IIc9(0.37g,25%):mp(EtOAc/石油醚)113-116℃;1H NMR[(CD3)2SO]δ8.79(t,J=5.6Hz,1H,CONH),8.25(d,J=9.4Hz,1H,H-5),7.65(d,J=9.4Hz,1H,H-6),4.28(t,J=5.3,2H),3.73(t,J=6.3,2H),3.66(t,J=5.2,2H),3.60(t,J=5.9,2H),3.56(m,4H),3.17(m,5H),2.34(m,6H),1.61(m,2H);13C NMRδ161.07,146.44,140.44,137.62,129.23,127.60,122.92,66.81,66.12,55.40,53.19,52.85,50.10,41.45,37.30,36.56,25.12。C19H29 35ClN5O9S的HRMS m/z(M+1)+要求值:538.13745;实测值:538.13869。
从后面的洗脱液得到甲磺酸2-[{2-[(甲基磺酰基)氧基]乙基}-3-({[3-(4-吗啉基)丙基]氨基}羰基)-2,4-二硝基苯胺基]乙酯(18f)(0.93g,56%),为黄色固体,mp(EtOAc/石油醚)90-95℃;1H NMR[(CD3)2SO]δ8.79(t,J=5.7Hz,1H,CONH),8.25(d,J=9.4Hz,1H,H-5),7.65(d,J=9.4Hz,1H,H-6),4.28(t,J=5.3,4H),3.64(t,J=5.2,4H),3.55(t,J=4.6,4H),3.15(m,8H),2.34(m,6H),1.61(m,2H);13C NMRδ161.03,146.55,140.90,137.97,129.10,127.56,123.43,66.72,66.12,55.39,53.19,50.37,37.29,36.55,25.13。C20H32N5O12S2的HRMS m/z(M+1)+要求值:598.14889;实测值:598.14894。
甲磺酸2-[(2-溴乙基)-3-({[3-(4-吗啉基)丙基]氨基}羰基)-2,4-二硝基苯胺基]乙酯(IIc10)
将LiBr(107mg,1.3mmol)一次性加入温热的18f(0.53g,0.89mmol)的EtOAc(50mL)溶液中。将反应混合物加热至60℃达2小时,然后在减压下除去挥发物,将残余物直接吸附到硅胶上进行色谱处理。用EtOAc/MeOH(10∶1至5∶1)洗脱,得到3-[双(2-溴乙基)氨基]-N-[3-(4-吗啉基)丙基]-2,6-二硝基苯甲酰胺(19f)(109mg,22%),为泡沫;1H NMR[(CD3)2SO]δ8.77(t,J=5.6Hz,1H,CONH),8.23(d,J=9.4Hz,1H,H-5),7.63(d,J=9.4Hz,1H,H-6),3.68(m,4H),3.57(m,8H),3.17(m,2H),2.34(m,6H),1.61(m,2H)。HRMS:C15H11 79Br2N4O5要求值:m/z 438.9253;实测值:438.9228。
从后面的洗脱液得到IIc10(293mg,57%):mp(EtOAc/石油醚)114-117℃;1H NMR[(CD3)2SO]δ8.79(t,J=5.6Hz,1H,CONH),8.25(d,J=9.4Hz,1H,H-5),7.65(d,J=9.4Hz,1H,H-6),4.28(t,J=5.2,2H),3.66(m,J=5.2,4H),3.56(m,J=4.6,6H),3.17(m,5H),2.34(m,6H),1.61(m,2H);13C NMRδ161.07,146.22,140.39,137.65,129.21,127.62,122.92,66.83,66.07,55.37,53.15,52.83,49.99,37.28,36.57,29.97,25.07。C19H29 79BrN5O9S的HRMS m/z(M+1)+要求值:582.08694;实测值:582.08639。
从后面的洗脱液得到原料18f(124mg,23%)。
下表2和3给出表1所列化合物的生物学数据。
表2所选择的表1化合物实例对NTR-转染细胞系的相对细胞毒活性(18小时暴露)
表2注释
a人卵巢:野生型(NR-)是SKOV3,转染型(NR+)是SC3.2。
b人结肠:野生型(NR-)是WIDR,转染型(NR+)是WC14.10。
c中国仓鼠成纤维细胞:野生型(NR-)是T-78-1,转染型(NR+)是T79-A3。
dIC50:在评价期结束时,减少细胞数量至对照组的50%所需的药物浓度(以微摩尔计)。
e比率=IC50(NR-)/IC50(NR+)
f4小时暴露
表3.所选择的表1化合物实例对有氧与缺氧肿瘤细胞的相对细胞毒活性
表3注释
a人肺癌细胞系
b野生型
c比率=IC50(需氧)/IC50(缺氧)
d用人细胞色素P450还原酶(P450R)转染的A549
从表2和3数据清楚地看到,本发明的硝基苯胺衍生物的实例包括这样的化合物,它们具有细胞毒性剂的活性以及在低氧下被大肠杆菌NTR和/或内源性还原酶还原性活化的另外的能力。
在前述说明中提到过具有其已知等价形式的试剂或者整数,这些等价形式引用在此,如同分别阐述一样。
尽管已经参照某些实施方式和实施例描述了本发明,不过应该领会到的是可以对所提供的实施方式和实施例进行进一步的调整和改变,而不背离本发明的范围。
Claims (17)
1.由通式(IIb)代表的基于硝基苯胺的不对称氮芥及其药学上可接受的衍生物和盐:
其中:
X代表基团NO2、CN或SO2R1之一,其中R1代表可选地被一个或多个羟基和/或一个或多个氨基取代的C1-6-烷基;
Y代表基团OR2、NHCOR2、CONR2CO2R3、CONR2吗啉代、CONHR2、CONR2R3、CONHOR2、CONHSO2R2、SO2NH2、SO2NHR2或SO2NR2R3之一,其中每个R2和R3独立地代表H、可选地被一个或多个羟基和/或一个或多个氨基取代的C1-6-烷基;且
A和B各自独立地代表卤素、OSO2R4、OSO2NH2、OSO2NHR4或OSO2NR4R5,其中每个R4和R5独立地代表可选地被一个或多个羟基和/或一个或多个氨基取代的C1-6-烷基;
条件是:A≠B。
2.如权利要求1所述的基于硝基苯胺的不对称氮芥,选自
甲磺酸2-[2-(氨基羰基)(2-氯乙基)-4,6-二硝基苯胺基]乙酯,
甲磺酸2-[2-(氨基羰基)(2-溴乙基)-4,6-二硝基苯胺基]乙酯,
甲磺酸2-((2-溴乙基)-2-{[(2-羟基乙基)氨基]羰基}-4,6-二硝基苯胺基)乙酯,
甲磺酸2-((2-碘乙基)-2-{[(2-羟基乙基)氨基]羰基}-4,6-二硝基苯胺基)乙酯,
甲磺酸2-((2-溴乙基)-2-{[(2-羟基丙基)氨基]羰基}-4,6-二硝基苯胺基)乙酯,
甲磺酸2-((2-溴乙基)-2-{[(2,3-二羟基丙基)氨基]羰基}-4,6-二硝基苯胺基)乙酯。
3.化合物,该化合物选自下列化合物:
甲磺酸2-[(2-溴乙基)-2-({[3-(4-吗啉基)丙基]氨基}羰基)-4,6-二硝基苯胺基]乙酯,
3-{[2-((2-氯乙基){2-[(甲基磺酰基)氧基]乙基}氨基)-3,5-二硝基苯甲酰基]氨基}丙酸甲酯,和
3-{[2-((2-溴乙基){2-[(甲基磺酰基)氧基]乙基}氨基)-3,5-二硝基苯甲酰基]氨基}丙酸甲酯。
5.制备由通式(IIb)代表的基于硝基苯胺的不对称氮芥及其药学上可接受的衍生物和盐的方法:
其中:
X代表基团NO2、CN或SO2R1之一,其中R1代表可选地被一个或多个羟基和/或一个或多个氨基取代的C1-6-烷基;
Y代表基团OR2、NHCOR2、CONR2CO2R3、CONR2吗啉代、CONHR2、CONR2R3、CONHOR2、CONHSO2R2、SO2NH2、SO2NHR2或SO2NR2R3之一,其中每个R2和R3独立地代表H、可选地被一个或多个羟基和/或一个或多个氨基取代的C1-6-烷基;且
A和B各自独立地代表卤素、OSO2R4、OSO2NH2、OSO2NHR4或OSO2NR4R5,其中每个R4和R5独立地代表可选地被一个或多个羟基和/或一个或多个氨基取代的C1-6-烷基;
条件是:A≠B,
该方法包括以下步骤:
使下式化合物
与一定量碱金属卤化物在极性溶剂中反应,得到不对称的卤代-甲磺酸酯化合物。
6.制备如权利要求4所述的由通式(IIIb)代表的基于硝基苯胺的不对称氮芥及其药学上可接受的衍生物和盐的方法,
其中X、Y如权利要求1所定义;
该方法包括以下步骤:
使下式化合物
与一定量LiBr在极性溶剂中反应,得到式(IIIb)的溴代甲磺酸酯化合物。
7.如权利要求5或6所述的方法,其中极性溶剂选自乙腈、二甲基甲酰胺、乙酸乙酯、三乙胺、丙酮及其混合物。
8.如权利要求5所述的方法,其中该碱金属卤化物选自下列一种或多种:LiCl、LiBr、NaI和NaBr。
9.如权利要求1所定义的式IIb化合物在制备药物中的用途,所述药物在具有肿瘤细胞的对象中用作适合于联合至少一种硝基还原酶的基因-依赖性酶-前体药物疗法的前体药物,用作低氧-选择性细胞毒素。
10.根据权利要求9的用途,其中硝基还原酶被大肠杆菌nfsB基因或者被梭状芽孢杆菌属的种所编码。
11.如权利要求1所定义的式IIb化合物在制备药物中的用途,所述药物在具有肿瘤细胞的对象中用作适合于联合至少一种硝基还原酶的基因-依赖性酶-前体药物疗法的前体药物,用作抗癌剂。
12.根据权利要求11的用途,其中硝基还原酶被大肠杆菌nfsB基因或者被梭状芽孢杆菌属的种所编码。
13.如权利要求1所述的式IIb化合物在制备药物中的用途,所述药物用于消融对象组织中的肿瘤细胞,其中所述组织表达至少一种硝基还原酶。
14.根据权利要求13的用途,其中硝基还原酶被大肠杆菌nfsB基因或者被梭状芽孢杆菌属的种所编码。
15.药物组合物,包括治疗有效量的如权利要求1所定义的式IIb化合物和药学上可接受的赋形剂、助剂、载体、缓冲剂或稳定剂。
16.如权利要求1所定义的式IIb化合物在制备药物中的用途,该药物用于基因-依赖性酶-前体药物疗法中以靶定有需要的对象的癌细胞。
17.如权利要求1所定义的式IIb化合物在制备药物中的用途,该药物用于在细胞消融疗法中靶定有需要的对象的癌细胞。
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NZ521851A NZ521851A (en) | 2002-10-08 | 2002-10-08 | Nitroaniline-based unsymmetrical mustard alkylating agents for gene dependent enzyme prodrug therapy |
NZ521851 | 2002-10-08 |
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EP (1) | EP1558568A4 (zh) |
JP (2) | JP4582519B2 (zh) |
CN (1) | CN100546976C (zh) |
AU (1) | AU2003278628B2 (zh) |
CA (1) | CA2501388C (zh) |
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AU2004285831B2 (en) * | 2003-10-31 | 2011-09-15 | Auckland Uniservices Limited | Novel nitrophenyl mustard and nitrophenylaziridine alcohols and their corresponding phosphates and their use as targeted cytotoxic agents |
JP4761899B2 (ja) * | 2005-09-12 | 2011-08-31 | Hoya株式会社 | 電子内視鏡システム |
NZ549659A (en) * | 2006-09-04 | 2008-12-24 | Auckland Uniservices Ltd | Processes of preparing asymmetric dinitrobenzamide mustard compounds, intermediate compounds useful therein and products obtained therefrom |
EP2350664B1 (en) | 2008-10-21 | 2021-05-19 | ImmunoGenesis, Inc. | Treatment of cancer using the hypoxia activated prodrug th-302 in combination with docetaxel or pemetrexed |
CN101723932B (zh) | 2008-10-31 | 2013-11-20 | 北京以岭生物工程技术有限公司 | 硝基吡啶乙烯亚胺化合物、其药物组合物及其制备方法和用途 |
ES2649340T3 (es) | 2010-07-12 | 2018-01-11 | Threshold Pharmaceuticals, Inc. | Administración de fármacos activados por hipoxia y agentes antiangiogénicos para el tratamiento del cáncer |
US9254299B2 (en) | 2011-12-22 | 2016-02-09 | Threshold Pharmaceuticals, Inc. | Administration of hypoxia activated prodrugs in combination with Chk1 inhibitors for treating cancer |
CA2886574C (en) * | 2012-08-23 | 2019-10-08 | Auckland Uniservices Limited | Prodrugs and methods of use thereof |
US10202408B2 (en) | 2012-08-23 | 2019-02-12 | Health Innovation Ventures B.V. | Prodrugs and methods of use thereof |
WO2014062856A1 (en) | 2012-10-16 | 2014-04-24 | Halozyme, Inc. | Hypoxia and hyaluronan and markers thereof for diagnosis and monitoring of diseases and conditions and related methods |
JP2016528217A (ja) | 2013-07-26 | 2016-09-15 | スレッショルド ファーマシューティカルズ,インコーポレイテッド | 低酸素活性化プロドラッグおよびタキサンの組合せを用いた膵臓癌の治療 |
CA2964317C (en) | 2014-10-14 | 2021-10-05 | Halozyme, Inc. | Compositions of adenosine deaminase-2 (ada2), variants thereof and methods of using same |
WO2016210175A1 (en) | 2015-06-24 | 2016-12-29 | Threshold Pharmaceuticals, Inc. | Aziridine containing dna alkylating agents |
CN106995815B (zh) * | 2016-01-22 | 2020-09-01 | 南京农业大学 | 硝基还原酶基因pnr及其编码的蛋白和应用 |
CN106905184B (zh) * | 2017-03-05 | 2019-03-29 | 北京化工大学 | 含有苯甲酰胺基团的氮芥类化合物及其制备方法和用途 |
US11661404B2 (en) * | 2018-03-29 | 2023-05-30 | Achilles Medical Limited | Prodrug compounds activated by AKR1C3 and their use for treating hyperproliferative disorders |
CN112961082B (zh) * | 2021-02-22 | 2022-09-06 | 沈阳药科大学 | 一种血管阻断剂与双载药仿生脂质体联用的给药系统 |
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Mustard prodrugs for activation by escherichia colinitroreductase in gene-directed enzyme prodrug therapy. Frank Friedlos et al.J.Med.Chem.,No.40. 1997 |
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JP4582519B2 (ja) | 2010-11-17 |
US7776924B2 (en) | 2010-08-17 |
JP2006502214A (ja) | 2006-01-19 |
US20050256191A1 (en) | 2005-11-17 |
AU2003278628B2 (en) | 2010-09-23 |
JP2010265272A (ja) | 2010-11-25 |
WO2004033415A1 (en) | 2004-04-22 |
NZ521851A (en) | 2005-02-25 |
CN1711236A (zh) | 2005-12-21 |
AU2003278628A1 (en) | 2004-05-04 |
CA2501388A1 (en) | 2004-04-22 |
EP1558568A1 (en) | 2005-08-03 |
EP1558568A4 (en) | 2006-10-18 |
CA2501388C (en) | 2011-01-04 |
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