CN100546809C - 用于干燥合成橡胶的可变口型 - Google Patents

用于干燥合成橡胶的可变口型 Download PDF

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CN100546809C
CN100546809C CNB2004800135925A CN200480013592A CN100546809C CN 100546809 C CN100546809 C CN 100546809C CN B2004800135925 A CNB2004800135925 A CN B2004800135925A CN 200480013592 A CN200480013592 A CN 200480013592A CN 100546809 C CN100546809 C CN 100546809C
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regulating sleeve
die body
filter plate
drying material
drying
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CN1791501A (zh
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T·弗兰纳里
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Compagnie Generale des Etablissements Michelin SCA
Michelin Recherche et Technique SA France
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Societe de Technologie Michelin SAS
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    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F26DRYING
    • F26BDRYING SOLID MATERIALS OR OBJECTS BY REMOVING LIQUID THEREFROM
    • F26B5/00Drying solid materials or objects by processes not involving the application of heat
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29BPREPARATION OR PRETREATMENT OF THE MATERIAL TO BE SHAPED; MAKING GRANULES OR PREFORMS; RECOVERY OF PLASTICS OR OTHER CONSTITUENTS OF WASTE MATERIAL CONTAINING PLASTICS
    • B29B13/00Conditioning or physical treatment of the material to be shaped
    • B29B13/06Conditioning or physical treatment of the material to be shaped by drying
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C48/00Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C48/03Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor characterised by the shape of the extruded material at extrusion
    • B29C48/05Filamentary, e.g. strands
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B29C48/254Sealing means
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    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B29C48/25Component parts, details or accessories; Auxiliary operations
    • B29C48/30Extrusion nozzles or dies
    • B29C48/32Extrusion nozzles or dies with annular openings, e.g. for forming tubular articles
    • B29C48/325Extrusion nozzles or dies with annular openings, e.g. for forming tubular articles being adjustable, i.e. having adjustable exit sections
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B29C48/50Details of extruders
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    • B29C48/693Substantially flat filters mounted at the end of an extruder screw perpendicular to the feed axis
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C48/00Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor
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    • B29C48/50Details of extruders
    • B29C48/76Venting, drying means; Degassing means
    • B29C48/762Vapour stripping
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B29C48/25Component parts, details or accessories; Auxiliary operations
    • B29C48/92Measuring, controlling or regulating
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B29C2948/00Indexing scheme relating to extrusion moulding
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    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B29C2948/00Indexing scheme relating to extrusion moulding
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    • B29C2948/00Indexing scheme relating to extrusion moulding
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    • B29C2948/92609Dimensions
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    • B29C2948/00Indexing scheme relating to extrusion moulding
    • B29C2948/92Measuring, controlling or regulating
    • B29C2948/92504Controlled parameter
    • B29C2948/92723Content, e.g. percentage of humidity, volatiles, contaminants or degassing
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C2948/00Indexing scheme relating to extrusion moulding
    • B29C2948/92Measuring, controlling or regulating
    • B29C2948/92819Location or phase of control
    • B29C2948/92857Extrusion unit
    • B29C2948/92876Feeding, melting, plasticising or pumping zones, e.g. the melt itself
    • B29C2948/92885Screw or gear
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C2948/00Indexing scheme relating to extrusion moulding
    • B29C2948/92Measuring, controlling or regulating
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    • B29C2948/92857Extrusion unit
    • B29C2948/92904Die; Nozzle zone
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B29C48/00Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor
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    • B29C48/00Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor
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    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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Abstract

提供了采用一种可变口型(110)的用于快速干燥液体材料的装置和方法。口型或滤板(240)和口型主体(200)设有相对的锥形表面(204和244)的可调节构造的压力调节可变障碍物,其可以控制在材料进入口型(240)时的材料的温度。优化压力和温度可以优化快速干燥过程。

Description

用于干燥合成橡胶的可变口型
优先权声明
本申请人要求于2003年5月30日在美国专利商标局申请的、名称为“可调节挤出机口型”、申请系列号为60-4744445和编号为P50-0108的申请的优先权。
技术领域
[0001]本发明主题涉及合成橡胶,具体涉及用于干燥,即从橡胶去除水分的方法和装置。
背景技术
[0002]排出机-发泡机技术已经有不同的形式,其可以追溯到十九世纪。本领域涉及橡胶的处理过程(包括合成橡胶和天然橡胶),橡胶中已经结合有水,现要将水去除。
[0003]在以往采用的结构中,采用二个串联的挤出机将橡胶中的水去除。通常,第一挤出机也称为螺杆机,其在一对相互啮合的螺杆之间挤压橡胶。该过程通常能够降低水分含量从大约60%到大约15%。
[0004]在采用螺杆机的干燥处理的第一阶段后,橡胶材料经过被称为发泡机的第二挤出机以进行进一步干燥。该第二挤出机增加橡胶的压力,故而增加了橡胶的温度,从而产生过热液体。当该过热液体通常采用螺杆驱动技术被强制再次通过挤出机时,材料被强制通过位于螺杆末端的口型或滤板,在此处水分或挥发性物质将会闪蒸干燥(flash dry)。
[0005]闪蒸干燥过程(flash drying process)对应于从液体状态到蒸汽状态快速变化,当过热橡胶材料经过口型或滤板,其突然返回正常大气压力,而水温会仍然显著地高于100摄氏度。产生闪蒸干燥现象所需的能量从发泡机中的螺杆驱动机构转移到橡胶。橡胶经过口型溢出发泡机的阻力使这种能量的转换称为可能。过热橡胶的温度和压力在口型处到达最高值,因而对于给定的螺杆转速和橡胶流量,该阻力,也就是能量转换到橡胶的数量取决于机头处的压力。
[0006]该压力是过热橡胶通过口型而产生的压降来固定。在实际系统中,会有数个口型在发泡机的出口处,因而,压力取决于口型的数量和它们的几何形状和开口的大小。在以往采用的结构中,对于任何处理程序,口型的所有这些方面都是固定的。因为现有技术是采用固定的和不可变的结构,本发明的技术着眼于并克服了所出现的一些生产问题。
[0007]当过热橡胶途经口型时,闪蒸干燥过程造成橡胶的剥离,从而生成橡胶碎屑,碎屑被运至打包机用于进一步处理。控制锥形碎屑的大小是影响橡胶进行后续处理程序的良好输送的一个重要方面,从而会对进一步处理有影响。例如,基于产生太小的碎屑,就要去除送料机的结垢。因为现有技术采用预设的口型结构,除了停止生产外,没有能力处理涉及压力调整和碎屑大小的问题。而且,若不停产,除控制螺杆脱水机螺速以外,没有能力从整体上优化橡胶处理过程。
[0008]虽然已经发展有不同的螺杆脱水机技术,还没有出现大体上包含本发明主题技术的所有期望的特性的设计。
发明内容
[0009]鉴于认识到所遇到的现有技术的问题并由本发明主题着眼解决,提出了一种用于干燥合成橡胶(elastomeric)材料的改进方法。从而本技术得到的方法和装置,在用于优化口型(die)或滤板(filterscreen)处的压力时,无需停止生产。
[0010]在本发明主题的实施例中,提供了装置和伴随的方法,其动态地优化挤出机-发泡机(extruder-expander)系统的整体操作,而不需要通过停止生产来达到系统操作的优化。
[0011]在本发明主题的进一步实施例中,提供了方法和装置,其可以在生产过程中调节碎屑的大小,而无需通过停产来改变口型设置。
[0012]在本发明主题的另外的进一步实施例中,在口型头部处的压力以及碎屑大小可以自动控制。
[0013]本发明主题的其他优点,或者是在详细说明有所阐述,或者是对本领域技术人员是显而易见的。还应当理解,对所示出、提及和讨论的特征和元素进行的修改和变化,可以在不同的实施例中进行,并且采用了本发明而不脱离本发明主题的精神和范围。
[0014]还进一步,可以理解,本发明主题的不同的实施方式以及不同的优选的实施方式可以包括所公开的特征、步骤或元素或它们的对等物(包括在图中或在图的详细描述中没有明确示出的本发明的特征、部件或步骤或结构)。本发明主题的其他实施例,无需在本概述中表明,其可以包括和并入以上概述的特征、元素或步骤和/或本申请中另外讨论的特征、元素和步骤等方面的多种结合。通过阅读本说明书的提示,本领域技术人员可以更好地理解这些实施例及其他实施例的特征和概貌。
附图说明
[0015]参见附图,针对本领域普通技术人员,包括本发明的最佳实施例,在本说明书有全面和可实施的公开,其中:
[0016]图1示出发泡机头并示出采用四个分开的口型头部的口型头部设置;
[0017]图2示出沿图1的2-2线的剖面图,并显示根据本发明主题的口型头部。
[0018]图3示出图2示出的口型头部的第二剖面图,并显示本发明主题的可调节性;
[0019]图4示出根据操作状态下的本发明主题的口型头部的剖面图;和
[0020]图5示出根据本发明主题的口型头部分解图。
[0021]在整个说明书中和所附附图中相同的技术特征采用相同的标记。
具体实施方式
[0022]如图1所示为发泡机头100,用于容纳相互四个分开的口型头部110。可以理解,虽然所显示的结构为四个口型头部(die head),其仅为一示例,取决于工艺的要求,诸如具体类型的合成橡胶的加工,口型头部的个数是可以变化的。图中也显示了释放阀120和操作手柄122,在有必要停止生产线和/或发泡机头100的使用时,它们可以用于确保发泡机中的压力被释放。控制杆130可以被连接到控制机构并用于调节下面将要更全面地说明的口型(die)设置。应当理解,控制杆130及其伴随控制机构可以与自动控制设备(未示出)相联,根据下面将要更全面地说明的具体工艺要求,其用于自动控制本发明主题可变口型的开口大小。
[0023]图2和图3是根据本实施例沿图1中2-2线的可变口型的剖面图。图2和图3分别显示了该可变口型的相对“关”和相对“开”的位置。从图2和图3均可看出,该可变口型是由三个部分构成:口型主体200、调节套220、滤板240。口型主体200通过其螺纹部分202与挤出机头上的接头(未示出)螺纹相配合,可以被固定到挤出机头100上。正如以下所要详述的,对于本发明主体的口型主体200具有特别意义的方面在于,其提供了形成压力调节系统的倾斜或者锥形表面204。进一步参考图2和图3,可以注意到,口型主体200配有另外的螺纹部分206,这些螺纹206构造成与调节套220的螺纹部分226相匹配。
[0024]如图所示,调节套220构造成以压力封闭方式覆盖并螺纹配合口型主体200。通过采用位于口型主体200的外侧端部210和调节套220的内表面230之间的O形密封环208以提高密封能力。调节套220在一端部232扩张并在其内部设有螺纹234,这些螺纹234与滤板240外围上的螺纹246相匹配。
[0025]如所提及,滤板240具有以如下方式与调节套220的螺纹234相匹配的外围螺纹246:通过将滤板240紧紧地置入调节套220带螺纹的扩张部分232,以保持滤板240紧固到位。从图1和图5可以最清楚地看出,滤板240钻孔成多个均匀间距的闪蒸通道(flash channel)250。正如图1所示的安装在挤出机头110上四个口型头部110的上述示例,配置在每个口型头部110中闪蒸通道250的精确数量,会取决于有关所处理材料具体类型而变化。
[0026]以湍流通道268的形式出现的,作为通向所处理材料的多个闪蒸通道的分配器,是本发明主题的另一个显著特征。通过设计,湍流室268被以这种方式设置于滤板240内:无论调节套220与口型主体200的相对位置如何,至少可以提供一最小的体积空间。湍流室268是被处理的合成橡胶第一闪蒸干燥(flash drying)和剥离(decohesion)发生的地方。当被处理的材料经过由口型主体200的锥形表面204和滤板240的锥形表面244之间的可调节空间形成的压力控制系统的时候,产生的压力降低使得被处理的材料破碎并形成碎屑,其原因是存留在材料内部的部分水分迅速蒸发。
[0027]当被处理的材料从湍流室268通过闪蒸通道250的时候,被处理材料的第二闪蒸干燥发生。仍然过热的被处理材料通过闪蒸通道250并突然暴露到大气压力下之时,基本上被处理材料中残留的全部水分立刻进入蒸发状态。
[0028]如前所述,需要产生闪蒸干燥效果的能量从挤出机中的螺纹驱动转移到被处理的材料上。这个能量能够被产生,部分地是由于材料经由该口型从挤出机中排出的阻力。在本发明的主题中,该阻力的控制在很大程度上由控制锥形表面204和244之间的间距来实现。
[0029]进一步参见图3,图示有一箭头“A”,其表示调节套220相对于口型主体200的旋转。调节套220沿箭头“A”方向旋转产生调节套的运动,相应地,造成相连的滤板240沿箭头“B”运动。也就是沿箭头“A”方向的旋转使得锥形表面204,244之间的空间“开”。相反,沿箭头“A”的反方向旋转当然地会使锥形表面204,244之间的空间“关”。在实施例的结构中,口型主体的螺纹206和调节套的螺纹226可以构造成:调节套220的五(5)周完整的转动会使滤板240从基本上关,即零设定位置到达有效地全开,即100%位置。在本发明主题的可变口型的正常操作中,在刚刚所述的“零”和“100%”的定义下,正常的操作范围会包括5%至95%的开度。
[0030]在图5所示的口型头部110的分解图中可以最清楚地看出,调节套220的旋转可以由环形齿轮260有效地实现。环形齿轮260构造成与口型头部110内部的另外的齿轮(未示出)相匹配,其与杆130联动,同时调节与扩展头100相连的所有口型头部110。如前所述,口型头部110的这种方式的调节可以采用自动的手段,虽未示出,本领域普通技术人员也能很好地理解本发明主题相关的内容。
[0031]锥形表面204和244之间的空间开和关的重要方面在于,提供了一种新的机构,使得能够实时调节被处理材料上的施加的压力和其中产生的温度。而在本发明主题公开之前,这种调节只能通过停止整个生产线和手动调整口型的设置来实现。显然该现有技术的调整技术对挤出机-发泡机系统的高效操作是不利的。然而在挤出机-发泡机(extruder-expander)系统的操作方面更有意义的下述改进是可能的,正如本领域普通技术人员能领会的,对锥形表面204,244之间的空间的调节,从而对过程材料的压力和温度的调节,可以通过微控制器、计算机、微处理机或者其他自动处理装置进行控制。
[0032]简要地参考图4,其显示了本发明的操作实施例。如图所示将被处理的并含有大量水分的材料300由传送机构被强制沿箭头“C”方向经过口型头部110,其中传送机构虽未示出,但其可以包括螺旋输送装置。强制材料300通过口型头部110所需的能量值部分地由调节锥形表面204,244间距的压力调节来确定。当材料进入压力调节空间并流入湍流室268的时候,部分所含的水分从材料300中排出,其原因是材料进入湍流室268时的压力降低。湍流室268中压力降低和相应的水分排出产生材料300的剥离,剥离造成材料300呈碎屑形式。最后,碎屑材料经过闪蒸通道250,其余的水分被从碎屑材料中去除,因为当材料的压力突然降至大气压力,基本上全部剩余水分都变成了蒸汽。
[0033]虽然本发明的主题业已通过其具体实施方式加以详细描述,可以理解的是,对于本领域技术人员而言,在获得了对上述内容的理解的基础上,可以轻易地对这些实施方式作出各种替代、变化或者作出其等同方式。例如,虽然本发明被描述为在包含合成橡胶粒子的混合物的干燥中使用,本发明并非局限于此。相应地,本发明所公开的程度是举例说明性质的,而不是限定性的,而且所公开的主题并不排除对于领会了在此公开内容的教导的本领域技术人员而言显而易见的对于本发明主题的此类修正、变化和/或增补。

Claims (16)

1、一种用于干燥材料的可变口型组件,包括:
口型主体,其限定出纵向定位的内部通道,材料通过该通道而被移动;
调节套,所述口型主体和所述内部通道被容纳在该调节套中,所述调节套和所述口型主体构造为彼此互补地连接;和
滤板,其被固定到调节套中并包括多个预定尺寸的、使材料可以通过而排出的开口;
其中所述调节套能够沿着所述口型主体可选择地移动,从而在所述滤板和所述口型主体之间的距离可调。
2、如权利要求1所述的用于干燥材料的可变口型组件,其中,所述口型主体具有带螺纹的外表面,并且其中所述调节套具有构造为互补地容纳所述口型主体的带螺纹的外表面的带螺纹的内表面。
3、如权利要求1所述的用于干燥材料的可变口型组件,其中,所述滤板和所述口型主体限定出材料能够通过其间的相对的截头圆锥形表面。
4、如权利要求3所述的用于干燥材料的可变口型组件,其中所述滤板限定出一个湍流室,该湍流室构造用于容纳通过所述相对的截头圆锥表面的材料。
5、如权利要求1所述的用于干燥材料的可变口型组件,进一步包括安装到所述调节套用于旋转所述调节套的齿轮。
6、如权利要求1所述的用于干燥材料的可变口型组件,其中所述滤板置入所述调节套的端部。
7、如权利要求1所述的用于干燥材料的可变口型组件,进一步包括置于口型主体的外部表面和调节套的内部表面的密封环。
8、一种干燥材料的方法,包括以下步骤:
移动步骤:使材料沿着在口型主体内的纵向定位的管道移动,该口型主体位于调节套内;
通过步骤:使材料在由口型主体和滤板限定的相对的表面之间通过,该滤板安装到调节套;
流动步骤:使材料流动进入由滤板限定的腔室中;
溢出步骤:使材料通过多个位于滤板中的孔而溢出;以及
调节步骤:通过旋转调节套来改变在相对表面之间的距离以调节在口型主体中的材料的压力。
9、如权利要求8所述的干燥材料的方法,进一步包括在所述通过步骤之后降低材料的压力的步骤。
10、如权利要求8所述的干燥材料的方法,进一步包括基于材料在所述溢出步骤之后的物理特性来确定所述调节步骤的程度的步骤。
11、如权利要求8所述的干燥材料的方法,其中所述相对的表面为截头圆锥形。
12、如权利要求8所述的干燥材料的方法,其中所述溢出步骤有助于在材料中的水的排出。
13、如权利要求12所述的干燥材料的方法,其中在所述溢出步骤之前水是过热的。
14、如权利要求8所述的干燥材料的方法,其中所述移动步骤包括使用挤出机对材料施加压力。
15、如权利要求8所述的干燥材料的方法,其中所述孔具有预定尺寸和形状。
16、如权利要求8所述的干燥材料的方法,其中所述调节步骤包括对安装到调节套的齿轮施加旋转。
CNB2004800135925A 2003-05-30 2004-05-25 用于干燥合成橡胶的可变口型 Expired - Fee Related CN100546809C (zh)

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