CN101801207B - 挤出机 - Google Patents

挤出机 Download PDF

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CN101801207B
CN101801207B CN200880022584.5A CN200880022584A CN101801207B CN 101801207 B CN101801207 B CN 101801207B CN 200880022584 A CN200880022584 A CN 200880022584A CN 101801207 B CN101801207 B CN 101801207B
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fluid
cylinder
extruder
spiral
issuing
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CN101801207A (zh
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卡琳娜·维勒
克里斯朵夫·阿伯特
卡米亚·纳巴维
皮特·吉布斯
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Wmregley
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Mars Inc
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    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C48/00Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C48/25Component parts, details or accessories; Auxiliary operations
    • B29C48/36Means for plasticising or homogenising the moulding material or forcing it through the nozzle or die
    • B29C48/395Means for plasticising or homogenising the moulding material or forcing it through the nozzle or die using screws surrounded by a cooperating barrel, e.g. single screw extruders
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23PSHAPING OR WORKING OF FOODSTUFFS, NOT FULLY COVERED BY A SINGLE OTHER SUBCLASS
    • A23P30/00Shaping or working of foodstuffs characterised by the process or apparatus
    • A23P30/20Extruding
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23GCOCOA; COCOA PRODUCTS, e.g. CHOCOLATE; SUBSTITUTES FOR COCOA OR COCOA PRODUCTS; CONFECTIONERY; CHEWING GUM; ICE-CREAM; PREPARATION THEREOF
    • A23G1/00Cocoa; Cocoa products, e.g. chocolate; Substitutes therefor
    • A23G1/04Apparatus specially adapted for manufacture or treatment of cocoa or cocoa products
    • A23G1/20Apparatus for moulding, cutting, or dispensing chocolate
    • A23G1/201Apparatus not covered by groups A23G1/21 - A23G1/28
    • A23G1/202Apparatus in which the material is shaped at least partially by a die; Extrusion of cross-sections or plates, optionally with the associated cutting device
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23GCOCOA; COCOA PRODUCTS, e.g. CHOCOLATE; SUBSTITUTES FOR COCOA OR COCOA PRODUCTS; CONFECTIONERY; CHEWING GUM; ICE-CREAM; PREPARATION THEREOF
    • A23G3/00Sweetmeats; Confectionery; Marzipan; Coated or filled products
    • A23G3/02Apparatus specially adapted for manufacture or treatment of sweetmeats or confectionery; Accessories therefor
    • A23G3/0236Shaping of liquid, paste, powder; Manufacture of moulded articles, e.g. modelling, moulding, calendering
    • A23G3/0242Apparatus in which the material is shaped at least partially by a die; Extrusion of cross-sections or plates, optionally the associated cutting device
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C48/00Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C48/03Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor characterised by the shape of the extruded material at extrusion
    • B29C48/07Flat, e.g. panels
    • B29C48/08Flat, e.g. panels flexible, e.g. films
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C48/00Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C48/25Component parts, details or accessories; Auxiliary operations
    • B29C48/36Means for plasticising or homogenising the moulding material or forcing it through the nozzle or die
    • B29C48/50Details of extruders
    • B29C48/501Extruder feed section
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C48/00Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C48/25Component parts, details or accessories; Auxiliary operations
    • B29C48/36Means for plasticising or homogenising the moulding material or forcing it through the nozzle or die
    • B29C48/50Details of extruders
    • B29C48/505Screws
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C48/00Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C48/25Component parts, details or accessories; Auxiliary operations
    • B29C48/36Means for plasticising or homogenising the moulding material or forcing it through the nozzle or die
    • B29C48/50Details of extruders
    • B29C48/505Screws
    • B29C48/535Screws with thread pitch varying along the longitudinal axis
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C48/00Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C48/25Component parts, details or accessories; Auxiliary operations
    • B29C48/36Means for plasticising or homogenising the moulding material or forcing it through the nozzle or die
    • B29C48/50Details of extruders
    • B29C48/68Barrels or cylinders
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C2791/00Shaping characteristics in general
    • B29C2791/004Shaping under special conditions
    • B29C2791/006Using vacuum
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C48/00Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C48/25Component parts, details or accessories; Auxiliary operations
    • B29C48/36Means for plasticising or homogenising the moulding material or forcing it through the nozzle or die
    • B29C48/50Details of extruders
    • B29C48/76Venting, drying means; Degassing means
    • B29C48/765Venting, drying means; Degassing means in the extruder apparatus
    • B29C48/766Venting, drying means; Degassing means in the extruder apparatus in screw extruders
    • B29C48/767Venting, drying means; Degassing means in the extruder apparatus in screw extruders through a degassing opening of a barrel

Abstract

本发明的挤出机10包括筒12和安装在筒内用于旋转的螺旋24。该螺旋包括螺纹26a、26b、26c。该筒具有朝向被挤压材料一端的一个进口漏斗22,和一个在另一端有开口20的压模盘18,进气口28朝向筒的一端,以及出气口30朝向另一端。该螺纹能使得材料34在筒内进气口和出气口之间部分的移动速度比其在该部分上游更快。出气口连接一个泵32,使得进气口和出气口间有压力差。

Description

挤出机
技术领域
本发明涉及挤出机。挤出机是用来迫使材料,通常是塑料材料,通过模具;在处理或混合材料挤出前特别有用。
背景技术
挤出机通常包含一个筒,筒中旋转一个紧贴的螺旋。螺旋包括螺旋元件,其中一些是螺旋螺纹,用于移动材料通过筒。材料从筒的一段被引入,在螺旋的动作下,沿着筒移动,并被迫使在筒的另一端从一个关口或压模中挤出。旋转的螺旋在筒内混合材料,压缩并迫使材料通过压模或管口。混合程度是受控制的,材料在筒内的移动速度和在筒内的停留时间,以及筒内压力的变化,可以由螺旋元件的间距,螺旋旋转速度和材料引入筒内的速度控制。
挤压材料可在被挤压后得到处理,例如,该材料可以被挤干水分或其他流体。在挤出机中被这样处理是有利的。众所周知,在挤出机筒上抽真空,例如闪烁蒸发挤出机内的流体。真空是通过挤出机筒壁上的一个端口产生的。然而,有些材料对温度敏感,隐藏去除足够低沸点的流体点只能在达到到非常低的压力是进行。挤出机和其内部可以被冷却,但效率低,可能仍然不足以保护被挤压物。
发明内容
根据本发明提供的一种挤出机,包括:一筒以及一安装在筒内用于旋转的螺旋,所述的螺旋包括螺旋元件,所述的筒包括:朝向一端的一个用于被挤压的材料进口,和朝向另一端的一个材料出口;以及在筒壁上的一个流体入口和一个流体出口,其中所述的流体入口和流体出口沿筒壁长度方向分离,所述的螺旋元件能够使筒内的材料沿筒内流体入口和流体出口之间的部分比所述部分的上游移动的更快,所述的流体入口和流体出口之一连接到一个泵,使得流体入口和流体出口之间有压力差。最好是流体出口比流体出口更接近材料出口。挤出机可以是双螺旋挤出机。
根据本发明还有提供了一种挤压材料的方法,包括迫使材料从挤压机筒的材料进口到材料出口,同时伴随着挤压机筒内流入一流体从流体入口到流体出口。
本发明提供了一种方法和设备,用于干燥,即去除部分或全部的水分或其他流体,或其他在挤压机筒内对材料的处理,而无需控制材料温度的提高。
附图说明
以下将通过实施例和附图来进一步描述本发明,其中
图1是显示了用于本发明的挤出机。
具体实施方式
这项发明将进一步说明参照附图,附图显示的是根据本发明前述挤出机的首选。
图中的挤出机10包括一个筒12,其具有圆柱侧壁14和端壁16。与端壁16相对的筒12的另一端靠近一个压模盘18,其上有一个开口20。朝向与压模盘18相对的筒12的另一端是一个进口漏斗22,穿过圆柱形侧壁14,被挤压的材料可以通过漏斗被引入筒中。
具有螺旋线26a,26b,26c的螺旋24被沿筒12的长度方向设置,在筒内旋转。螺旋24机密配合在筒12内。挤出机10如图所示,具有一个螺旋24包括完整的螺纹元件。可以在螺旋24上包括其他元件用于混合或操作材料通过挤出机。
在进口漏斗22和压模盘18之间有一个进气口28穿过挤出机筒侧壁14。出气口30穿过靠近压模盘18的筒侧壁14,然后连接泵32。出气口30用于连接泵的方式可以是其外表面的螺纹。显然,从进气口28用泵往筒内充气可以替换用泵将筒内空气从出气口30抽出。
螺旋24在筒12中间区域Z2的部分,通常在进气口28和出气口30之间,其螺纹26b比筒12上游区域Z1的螺纹26a和下游区域Z3的螺纹26c间距要宽些。
在某些实施例中,没有示出,缺少一个气口,替换为空气通过压模盘18上的孔流入或流出筒12。在某些实施例中,没有示出,出气口可以通过材料进口漏斗22替代。
在使用时,螺旋24按传统方式旋转,图中没有示出。被积压的材料通过材料入口漏斗22引入挤出机的区域Z1,被混合、压缩并在挤出机筒12内朝压模盘18方向移动。筒上游区域Z1部分的螺纹24a是这样的:材料34填补了筒12在区域Z1的部分,上游的进气口28,由图中的虚线所示,表明筒内上层材料表面34。材料移动到筒内中间区域Z2,该部分具有较宽间距螺纹26b的,其使材料朝向压模盘18更快的移动,降低筒内材料的高度,如图虚线所示。当材料34移动到下游区域Z3,处于进气口28或在进气口下游的间距更窄的螺纹26c使得材料再次因当变慢,因此它填补了筒12的区域Z3,并被通过压模盘18的开口20产生的压力挤压。这可以从图中的虚线看出,材料34只部分填充在进气口28和出气口30之间,进气口和出气口之间有流体相互沟通;筒12内表面和螺旋24的螺纹26之间的配合虽然紧密,但可以使空气沿筒内从进气口28到出气口30之间流动。
螺纹26a,b,c的间距是有选择的,以便按计划运行的速度和挤出机的吞吐量,使材料填充挤出机筒12出气口30的上游和进气口28的下游。
正如在图中的箭头所示,空气被泵32抽出挤出机12,通过进气口28(或在其它方式下通过压模盘18上的孔),忽略在挤出机筒进气口28和出气口30之间通过出气口(或某些情况下通过材料入口漏斗20)损耗的的材料34。这使空气与挤出机筒内的材料相结合去干燥或以其他方式改变它。
该图显示了流体通过挤出机筒与材料被挤压同步。挤出机可以这样操作,流体流向与材料的挤压逆向。图中的挤出机使用了变螺距的螺旋使材料以不同的速率功过挤出机筒。其他方法也可用于以不同的速度移动材料。例如,可以使用一个具有变直径螺旋轴的固定间距螺纹,这样螺旋通道的深度由螺纹和筒内壁的变化来限定。该轴的直径可以通过安装在具有固定截面的轴上的一个或多个套筒来改变。该材料将被相对迅速地移动通过筒内轴的直径相对小的区域,相对缓慢地通过轴的直径相对大的区域。
相比空气,其他流体可以被泵入挤出机的筒内,在其中与材料惊喜相互作用。流体流动可用于在挤出机筒内将材料干燥或改变,包括化学的改变。
本发明的挤出机发现特别的应用于巧克力屑的挤压。该碎屑成分,糖,奶粉,水和可可块,被引入到挤出机,其总含水量,一般来说,大约是重量的5%到6.5%左右。成份在挤出机内混合,温度保持低于80℃左右。由于成分通过挤出机筒,它们被混合并暴露在通过进气口和出气口之间流动的空气中。约0.5%至1%左右的水可以被在挤出机中去除。该碎屑可从挤出机中挤出约3.5%至6%左右重量的水,减少碎屑进一步处理的干燥设备,虽然挤出机可以去除更多的水,减少了在挤压后进一步干燥或避免进一步干燥的需要。对于巧克力屑的挤压,首选的挤出机筒内的温度保持低于80℃左右,最好是在大约60℃到75℃左右,并且通过筒内的空气流量与通过挤出机的碎屑量约为0.005m3/kg到0.1m3/kg。该气流可以通过连接到出气口的泵抽出气压约600mbar到900mbar之间。碎屑在挤出机中的停留时间最好在约10秒钟道约60秒之间。
下面的例子显示了使用本发明挤出机的应用方法。
具有下列组成的巧克力屑引入本发明上述配置的挤出机筒内。空气通过进气口泵入通过挤出机筒,如上所述。
成分 重量%
55
脱脂奶粉 20
乳清粉 5
乳糖 5
可可块 10
5
挤出的是匀实的膏,含0.5%至1%的重量的水,比引入挤出机的膏含水量少。

Claims (9)

1.一种挤出机,包括:一筒以及一安装在筒内用于旋转的螺旋,所述的螺旋包括有螺旋元件,所述筒包括:
朝向一端的一个用于被挤压的材料进口,和朝向另一端的一个材料出口;以及
在筒壁上的一个流体入口和一个流体出口,其中所述的流体入口和流体出口沿筒壁长度方向分离;
所述的螺旋元件包括第一螺纹元件,具有在筒的流体进口和流体出口之间上游部分的第一间距,以及第二螺纹元件,具有在所述流体进口和流体出口之间部分的第二间距,第二间距比第一间距宽;
或者,
所述螺旋的螺旋轴直径可变且螺纹间距固定;
所述螺旋能够使筒内的材料沿筒内流体入口和流体出口之间的部分比所述部分的上游移动得更快,所述的流体入口和流体出口其中之一连接到一个泵,使得流体入口和流体出口之间有压力差。
2.根据权利要求1所述的挤出机,其中所述的流体入口比流体出口更接近材料出口。
3.根据权利要求1或2所述的挤出机,其中所述的挤出机是一种双螺旋挤出机。
4.根据权利要求1或2所述的挤出机,包括一位于挤出机筒一端的压模盘,所述流体入口和流体出口中的其中一个由压模盘上的孔实现。
5.一种挤出材料的方法,包括迫使材料从挤出机筒的材料进口到材料出口,同时伴随着挤出机筒内流入一流体从流体入口到流体出口;
其中,所述材料被迫使在沿筒内流体入口和流体出口之间部分比在所述部分的上游移动得更快,从而所述流体在该筒内流体入口和流体出口之间部分流过该材料;
其中的挤压机包括安装在筒内的螺旋,该螺旋包括:第一螺纹元件,具有在筒的流体进口和流体出口之间上游部分的第一间距,以及第二螺纹元件,具有在所述流体进口和流体出口之间部分的第二间距,第二间距比第一间距宽;或者,所述螺旋的螺旋轴直径可变且螺纹间距固定。
6.根据权利要求5所述的方法,流体与被挤压的材料并流。
7.根据权利要求5或6的方法,流体被泵出挤出机筒。
8.根据权利要求7所述的方法,被挤出的材料是食品。
9.根据权利要求8所述的方法,食品是巧克力碎屑。
CN200880022584.5A 2007-07-03 2008-07-03 挤出机 Active CN101801207B (zh)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
GB0712872A GB2450704A (en) 2007-07-03 2007-07-03 Screw extruder with a fluid inlet and a method of extruding
GB0712872.1 2007-07-03
PCT/GB2008/002316 WO2009004355A1 (en) 2007-07-03 2008-07-03 Extruder

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CN105212249B (zh) * 2015-10-21 2017-08-08 黑龙江省农业科学院食品加工研究所 一种用于生产杂粮再造米的双螺杆挤压机
CN109420535A (zh) * 2017-08-24 2019-03-05 东莞市昌祥粮食有限公司 一种谷物加湿装置与谷物加湿方法
CN109760333B (zh) * 2017-11-09 2021-04-20 四川大学 挤出发泡装置用螺杆以及挤出发泡装置
RU189317U1 (ru) * 2019-02-26 2019-05-22 федеральное государственное бюджетное образовательное учреждение высшего образования "Пензенский государственный аграрный университет" Экструдер с вакуумной камерой

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EP2173187A1 (en) 2010-04-14
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GB2450704A (en) 2009-01-07
US9167846B2 (en) 2015-10-27
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AU2008272666A1 (en) 2009-01-08
CA2692452A1 (en) 2009-01-08
WO2009004355A1 (en) 2009-01-08
AU2008272666B2 (en) 2013-12-05
CN101801207A (zh) 2010-08-11
CA2692452C (en) 2016-11-01
US20110059198A1 (en) 2011-03-10

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