CN100528452C - 用于同步激光焊接的设备 - Google Patents

用于同步激光焊接的设备 Download PDF

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CN100528452C
CN100528452C CNB2005800030824A CN200580003082A CN100528452C CN 100528452 C CN100528452 C CN 100528452C CN B2005800030824 A CNB2005800030824 A CN B2005800030824A CN 200580003082 A CN200580003082 A CN 200580003082A CN 100528452 C CN100528452 C CN 100528452C
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mirror elements
equipment
lasing light
light emitter
workpiece
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CN1910007A (zh
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A·米哈伊洛夫
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Hentze Lissotschenko Patentverwaltungs GmbH and Co KG
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K26/00—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
    • B23K26/02—Positioning or observing the workpiece, e.g. with respect to the point of impact; Aligning, aiming or focusing the laser beam
    • B23K26/06—Shaping the laser beam, e.g. by masks or multi-focusing
    • B23K26/0604—Shaping the laser beam, e.g. by masks or multi-focusing by a combination of beams
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C65/00—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C65/02—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure
    • B29C65/14—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using wave energy, i.e. electromagnetic radiation, or particle radiation
    • B29C65/16—Laser beams
    • B29C65/1629—Laser beams characterised by the way of heating the interface
    • B29C65/1635—Laser beams characterised by the way of heating the interface at least passing through one of the parts to be joined, i.e. laser transmission welding
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C65/00—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C65/02—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure
    • B29C65/14—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using wave energy, i.e. electromagnetic radiation, or particle radiation
    • B29C65/16—Laser beams
    • B29C65/1629—Laser beams characterised by the way of heating the interface
    • B29C65/1664—Laser beams characterised by the way of heating the interface making use of several radiators
    • B29C65/1667—Laser beams characterised by the way of heating the interface making use of several radiators at the same time, i.e. simultaneous laser welding
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C65/00—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C65/02—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure
    • B29C65/14—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using wave energy, i.e. electromagnetic radiation, or particle radiation
    • B29C65/16—Laser beams
    • B29C65/1629—Laser beams characterised by the way of heating the interface
    • B29C65/1664—Laser beams characterised by the way of heating the interface making use of several radiators
    • B29C65/1667—Laser beams characterised by the way of heating the interface making use of several radiators at the same time, i.e. simultaneous laser welding
    • B29C65/167—Laser beams characterised by the way of heating the interface making use of several radiators at the same time, i.e. simultaneous laser welding using laser diodes
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/01—General aspects dealing with the joint area or with the area to be joined
    • B29C66/05—Particular design of joint configurations
    • B29C66/10—Particular design of joint configurations particular design of the joint cross-sections
    • B29C66/11—Joint cross-sections comprising a single joint-segment, i.e. one of the parts to be joined comprising a single joint-segment in the joint cross-section
    • B29C66/112—Single lapped joints
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/01—General aspects dealing with the joint area or with the area to be joined
    • B29C66/05—Particular design of joint configurations
    • B29C66/10—Particular design of joint configurations particular design of the joint cross-sections
    • B29C66/11—Joint cross-sections comprising a single joint-segment, i.e. one of the parts to be joined comprising a single joint-segment in the joint cross-section
    • B29C66/112—Single lapped joints
    • B29C66/1122—Single lap to lap joints, i.e. overlap joints
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/01—General aspects dealing with the joint area or with the area to be joined
    • B29C66/05—Particular design of joint configurations
    • B29C66/10—Particular design of joint configurations particular design of the joint cross-sections
    • B29C66/11—Joint cross-sections comprising a single joint-segment, i.e. one of the parts to be joined comprising a single joint-segment in the joint cross-section
    • B29C66/114—Single butt joints
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/50—General aspects of joining tubular articles; General aspects of joining long products, i.e. bars or profiled elements; General aspects of joining single elements to tubular articles, hollow articles or bars; General aspects of joining several hollow-preforms to form hollow or tubular articles
    • B29C66/51—Joining tubular articles, profiled elements or bars; Joining single elements to tubular articles, hollow articles or bars; Joining several hollow-preforms to form hollow or tubular articles
    • B29C66/52—Joining tubular articles, bars or profiled elements
    • B29C66/522—Joining tubular articles
    • B29C66/5227—Joining tubular articles for forming multi-tubular articles by longitudinally joining elementary tubular articles wall-to-wall (e.g. joining the wall of a first tubular article to the wall of a second tubular article) or for forming multilayer tubular articles
    • B29C66/52271—Joining tubular articles for forming multi-tubular articles by longitudinally joining elementary tubular articles wall-to-wall (e.g. joining the wall of a first tubular article to the wall of a second tubular article) or for forming multilayer tubular articles one tubular article being placed inside the other
    • B29C66/52272—Joining tubular articles for forming multi-tubular articles by longitudinally joining elementary tubular articles wall-to-wall (e.g. joining the wall of a first tubular article to the wall of a second tubular article) or for forming multilayer tubular articles one tubular article being placed inside the other concentrically, e.g. for forming multilayer tubular articles
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/50—General aspects of joining tubular articles; General aspects of joining long products, i.e. bars or profiled elements; General aspects of joining single elements to tubular articles, hollow articles or bars; General aspects of joining several hollow-preforms to form hollow or tubular articles
    • B29C66/51—Joining tubular articles, profiled elements or bars; Joining single elements to tubular articles, hollow articles or bars; Joining several hollow-preforms to form hollow or tubular articles
    • B29C66/53—Joining single elements to tubular articles, hollow articles or bars
    • B29C66/534—Joining single elements to open ends of tubular or hollow articles or to the ends of bars
    • B29C66/5346—Joining single elements to open ends of tubular or hollow articles or to the ends of bars said single elements being substantially flat
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/50—General aspects of joining tubular articles; General aspects of joining long products, i.e. bars or profiled elements; General aspects of joining single elements to tubular articles, hollow articles or bars; General aspects of joining several hollow-preforms to form hollow or tubular articles
    • B29C66/61—Joining from or joining on the inside
    • B29C66/612—Making circumferential joints
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K26/00—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
    • B23K26/02—Positioning or observing the workpiece, e.g. with respect to the point of impact; Aligning, aiming or focusing the laser beam
    • B23K26/06—Shaping the laser beam, e.g. by masks or multi-focusing
    • B23K26/0604—Shaping the laser beam, e.g. by masks or multi-focusing by a combination of beams
    • B23K26/0619—Shaping the laser beam, e.g. by masks or multi-focusing by a combination of beams with spots located on opposed surfaces of the workpiece
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K26/00—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
    • B23K26/02—Positioning or observing the workpiece, e.g. with respect to the point of impact; Aligning, aiming or focusing the laser beam
    • B23K26/06—Shaping the laser beam, e.g. by masks or multi-focusing
    • B23K26/073—Shaping the laser spot
    • B23K26/0734—Shaping the laser spot into an annular shape
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C65/00—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C65/02—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure
    • B29C65/14—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using wave energy, i.e. electromagnetic radiation, or particle radiation
    • B29C65/16—Laser beams
    • B29C65/1603—Laser beams characterised by the type of electromagnetic radiation
    • B29C65/1612—Infrared [IR] radiation, e.g. by infrared lasers
    • B29C65/1616—Near infrared radiation [NIR], e.g. by YAG lasers
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/70—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material
    • B29C66/71—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the composition of the plastics material of the parts to be joined
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/70—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material
    • B29C66/73—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset
    • B29C66/739—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset
    • B29C66/7392—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the material of at least one of the parts being a thermoplastic
    • B29C66/73921—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the material of at least one of the parts being a thermoplastic characterised by the materials of both parts being thermoplastics
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29K—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES B29B, B29C OR B29D, RELATING TO MOULDING MATERIALS OR TO MATERIALS FOR MOULDS, REINFORCEMENTS, FILLERS OR PREFORMED PARTS, e.g. INSERTS
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Abstract

本发明涉及一种用于通过激光射束同步焊接工件的设备，包括许多激光源(1)，其中所述激光源(1)在至少一个圆上以这种方式设置，使得由激光源(1)发射的分射束(2、2’)射中至少一个具有局部基本恒定能量密度的径向位于更内部的区域(3)，工件能够置入到该区域中，该设备具有至少一个第一反射镜元件(4)，它在径向上比在其上设置激光源(1)的所述至少一个圆位于更内部地设置，并且该第一反射镜元件能够将至少一些分射束(2、2’)反射到轴向上；并且，该设备具有用于改变在第一反射镜元件(4)与其中至少一个工件之间的轴向间距的机构。

Description

用于同步激光焊接的设备
技术领域
本发明涉及一种用于通过激光射束同步焊接工件的设备，它包括许多激光源。
背景技术
在过去的年代里已经选择与由现有技术已知的拼接连接例如螺栓或粘接不同地构成一般的激光焊接和特殊的所谓透射焊接。
对于透射焊接，激光透穿一个可透过激光的工件并且在一个第二工件的表面上被吸收，由此局部熔化第二工件的表面。由于在焊接过程期间相互顶压的两个工件的表面接触也使可透过激光的工件局部熔化，由此在冷却后在两个工件之间的界面区域内形成一个激光焊缝。
除了上述的一个激光源沿着所期望的焊缝轮廓移动的周圈环焊以外，还已知使两个工件同步地相互焊接。为此在一个上述形式的设备中在工件上方布置激光二极管，由此可以同步地产生整个焊缝。但是这种用于通过激光同步透射焊接工件的设备的结构是非常耗费的并且由于必需的激光源数量也是成本昂贵的。此外只能局限地产生弯曲的、曲线形式的焊缝走向。此外，对于由现有技术已知的设备，在改变焊缝轮廓时总是需要新的二极管固定座，它们必须总是适配于所期望的焊缝轮廓的走向。
发明内容
在此提出本发明。
本发明的目的是，提出一种上述形式的设备供使用，借其可以通过简单的方式产生在极大程度上任意的尤其是弯曲的焊缝。
这个目的通过一种用于通过激光射束同步焊接工件的设备得以实现，该设备包括许多激光源，其中，按照本发明建议，所述激光源以这种方式设置在至少一个圆上，使得由激光源发射的分射束产生至少一个具有局部基本恒定的能量密度的径向内部区域，工件能够置入到该区域里面，所述设备具有至少一个第一反射镜元件，该第一反射镜元件在径向上比在其上设置激光源的所述至少一个圆位于更内部地设置，并且该第一反射镜元件能够将至少一些分射束反射到轴向上；并且，所述设备具有用于改变在第一反射镜元件与其中至少一个工件之间的轴向间距的机构。在这个径向位于更内部的、即位于所述至少一个圆内部的区域中置入要被相互焊接的工件，并且沿着一个在很大程度上任意选择的焊缝相互焊接。在焊接过程期间，一个可透过激光的工件面对至少一部分激光源。具有局部基本恒定的能量密度的区域由从激光源发出的分射束强度的叠加产生。恒定能量密度区域的均匀性尤其通过所使用激光源的数量确定。如果使用足够多的激光源，则可以使恒定能量密度的区域例如几乎是圆形的。
由于对称的原因，所述激光源最好在所述至少一个圆的圆周上基本相互等距地设置。通过这种方式能够使能量密度的数量级和能量密度基本恒定的区域在实践中易于估计和预计。
在一个优选的实施例中，所述激光源由半导体激光元件构成。该半导体激光元件最好可以包括至少一个激光二极管棒。这些激光二极管棒发射出波长数量级在约800至1000nm之间的光线，它适合于焊接工件、尤其是塑料工件。
在一个特别优选的实施例中，为每个激光源配设透镜装置，其中至少一个透镜装置可以起使分射束快轴准直的作用。所述透镜装置、尤其是那个在慢轴方向上的透镜装置的更换可以使至少一个具有局部基本恒定能量密度的区域侧向放大和/或缩小。
为了使按照本发明的设备不只用于在激光源的径向辐射方向上焊接工件，而是还可以在轴向实现两个工件的焊接，本设备的一个改进方案规定，所述设备具有至少一个第一反射镜元件，它在径向上比所述至少一个在其上设置激光源的圆设置在更内部，并且该反射镜元件可以将至少一些分射束反射到一个轴向上。由此例如可以焊接一个可透过激光的具有一个外壳的外壳盖，其材料吸收激光。此外本所述的设备的这个改进方案也可以用于所谓的对头焊接。在对头焊接时，对接部件均匀地吸收激光并且沿着所期望的焊缝曲线有针对性地被加热、局部地熔化并相互焊接。
在一个优选的实施例中，所述设备具有用于改变在第一反射镜元件与至少其中一个工件之间的轴向间距的机构。由此可以改变工作间距、即第一反射镜元件与工件之间的间距，由此根据这个工作间距可以有针对性地改变焊缝的宽度。
为了能够获得一个封闭的、尤其是基本圆形的焊缝曲线，一个优选的实施例规定，所述第一反射镜元件至少局部地构成为锥形反射镜元件。由于对称性的原因，通过使用一个这样的锥形反射镜元件可以获得一个基本上圆形的焊缝。这个焊缝在相应地形成锥形反射镜元时也可以是椭圆的。但是原则上可以使用许多不同的反射镜元件，它们只需适配于所相应期望的焊缝走向。
为了借助于按照本发明的所述的设备也可以使工件相互焊接，其中可透过激光的工件设置为径向位于更内部而吸收激光的工件设置为径向位于更外部，一个优选的实施例规定，所述的设备具有至少一个第二反射镜元件，它在轴向上与第一反射镜元件隔开距离，并且将由第一反射镜元件反射的分射束至少部分地径向向外反射。
所述第二反射镜元件最好至少局部地构成为锥形的反射镜元件。由此同样能够产生圆形或椭圆形的焊缝。
为了使能量密度和所述至少一个具有基本上恒定能量密度的区域的光照有针对性地适配和改变，一个特别有利的实施例规定，每个激光源可以与其它激光源独立地运行。
通过本发明提供一种用于通过激光射束同步焊接工件的所述的设备供使用，此外它也能够实现至少局部圆弧形的焊缝轮廓的同步焊接，其中可透过激光的材料是否设置为径向位于更内部或径向位于更外部是无关紧要的。
附图说明
借助于下面结合附图对优选的实施例的描述给出本发明的其它特征和优点。附图中：
图1示出按照本发明第一实施例的用于通过激光射束同步焊接工件的所述的设备的简化的示意俯视图；
图1a示出图1中的细节Ia；
图1b示出按照本发明第一实施例的激光焊接过程的简化的示意侧视图；
图2示出按照本发明第二实施例的按照本发明的所述的设备的简化的示意侧视图；
图3示出按照本发明第三实施例的按照本发明的所述的设备的简化的示意侧视图。
具体实施方式
首先参照图1。其中示出按照本发明的用于通过激光射束同步焊接工件的所述的设备的简化示意俯视图。该所述的设备包括许多激光源1，它们设置在一个圆上并且径向向内辐射激光。所有激光源1分别与圆的中心点具有一致的间距。必要时可以在围绕一个公共的中心点的其它同心圆上设置附加的激光源，这些圆的半径可以与图1中所示圆的半径不同。可以看出，在这个实施例中，由于对称性的原因激光源1在该圆的圆周上等距地设置。在按照图1的视图中，出于简化的原因只示出八个激光源1。所述激光源1最好可相互独立地运行，以便能够有针对性地用激光辐射工件。
在图1a中以一个俯视图示出激光源的结构。该激光源1可以设计成半导体激光元件且尤其设计成具有激光射出面11的激光二极管棒(Laserdiodenbarren)10。除了激光二极管棒10以外，在这个实施例中每个激光源1包括两个透镜装置12、13。在此第一透镜装置12用于快轴准直。第二透镜装置13具有一个凹下的光学功能的界面。结合图1还可以看出，由激光源1发出的分射束2、2’分别相对于激光二极管棒10的激光射出面11的法线以相对等同的角传播。
在图1中，对于每个激光源1分别示出两个分射束2、2’。可以看出，所述分射束2、2’在一个径向位于更内部的圆区域3上相切，在其上在按照本发明的所述的设备中设置激光源1，由此在区域3中使分射束2、2’的强度叠加。以这种方式在所述的设备内部形成区域3，在该区域内激光的能量密度基本恒定。这个区域3在比较少的激光源1时是多角形的。如果增加所使用的激光源数量，则这个能量密度恒定的区域3也可以几乎是圆形的。为了产生恒定能量密度的区域3，在实践中例如可以使用例如30个激光源。所述透镜装置12、13尤其是局部凹下成形的透镜装置13在慢轴方向上的更换在此可以使恒定能量密度的区域3被侧向放大或缩小。
在该区域3中，在按照本发明的所述的设备运行期间可以置入要被相互焊接的工件，其中激光焊缝的走向原则上可以是任意的并且取决于工件的形状、尤其是工件之间的界面的走向。在此，在激光源1与可以置入要被相互焊接工件的区域3之间的工作间距尤其取决于激光源1的数量和透镜装置12，13的光学特性。因为在透镜装置12后面只产生一个限制衍射的快轴发散，借助于按照本发明的所述的设备可以产生焊缝，它们可以具有数量级约2mm的宽度。
在图1b中以侧视图再一次简示出借助于在图1中所示所述的设备进行的焊接过程。在透射焊接时，分射束2、2’首先透穿一个可透过激光的工件W1，该工件一般具有一个大于60％的透射性。接着分射束2、2’射中一个第二工件W2，该工件本身靠近表面地吸收分射束2、2’。这种吸收导致在工件W1、W2之间的界面处工件W2的局部熔化。在此，两个工件W1、W2以一个确定的顶压力相互顶压，由此使它们沿着一个公共的焊缝相互焊接。例如所有热塑性以及所有由热塑性弹性体构成的塑料都适合作为可通过按照本发明的所述的设备相互焊接的工件。
经常需要焊接例如一个由可透过激光的材料制成的具有一个外壳部件的盖板，外壳部件至少局部地吸收激光。这一点通过在图1中所示的本发明第一实施例不能毫无问题地实现。
图2简示出按照本发明所述的设备的一个第二实施例，它例如将一个透明盖板焊接在一个吸收激光的外壳部件上。为此将一个在本实施例中设计成锥形反射镜元件的第一反射镜元件4这样置入到按照图1的本发明所述的设备的光路里面，使得来自第一反射镜元件4反射面40的分射束2、2’至少部分地作为分射束2a、2a’在轴向反射到透明的工件W1、例如一个外壳盖板上。所述分射束2a、2a’透射透明的工件W1并且在工件W2的表面上被吸收。在工件W1、W2之间的界面上如上所述重又产生一个激光焊缝。通过改变第一反射镜元件4与工件W1之间在轴向上的间距可以改变焊缝的宽度。此外也可以通过使用一个锥形反射镜元件来改变焊缝的轮廓，该反射镜元件的镜面具有一个与在图2中所示反射面(verspiegelte Flaechen)不同的斜度。通过使用在图2中所示的锥形反射镜元件4可以使工件W1、W2沿着一个基本圆形的焊缝同步地相互焊接。焊缝的形状可以由此有针对性地改变，即，代替一个锥形的反射镜元件使用一个任意成形的反射镜元件。按照图2的所述的设备除了用于透射焊接以外也可以用于对吸收激光的这些工件进行对头焊接。
使用按照图1和图1b的本发明所述的设备的前提是，径向位于更外部的工件W1可透射所使用的激光而径向位于更内部的工件W2吸收相应波长的激光。但是经常期望，可以相互焊接两个不同的工件，其中径向位于更外部的工件吸收激光，而径向位于更内部的工件可透射激光。通过在图1和2中所示的结构不能实现这种配置的同步激光焊接。
图3示出本发明的第三实施例，它能够实现工件W1、W2的同步焊接，其中径向位于更内部的工件W1透射激光而径向位于更外部的工件W2吸收激光。为了借助于在这里所示的所述的设备也可以使工件W1、W2以这种配置相互焊接，按照本发明的第三实施例使按照图2的结构如下扩展，一个第二反射镜元件5在轴向设置在第一反射镜元件4的下方。与第一反射镜元件4一样，第二反射镜元件5在这个实施例中也设计成锥形反射镜元件。由激光源1发出的分射束2、2’首先射中第一反射镜元件4的反射面40，并且至少部分地作为分射束2a、2a’由第一反射镜元件4沿轴向反射。接着，所反射的分射束2a、2a’射中第二反射镜元件5的反射面50，由该反射面使分射束至少部分地径向向外反射(分射束2b、2b’)。分射束2b、2b’重又透穿透明的工件W1并接着由吸收激光的工件W2吸收。在工件W1、W2之间的界面处又产生所期望的焊缝。第二反射镜元件5与第一反射镜元件4一样不必一定是锥形的。第二反射镜元件5的形状仍然取决于要被焊接的焊缝轮廓。

Claims (9)

1.一种用于通过激光射束同步焊接工件的设备，包括许多激光源(1)，其特征在于，所述激光源(1)在至少一个圆上以这种方式设置，使得由激光源(1)发射的分射束(2、2’)产生至少一个具有局部恒定能量密度的径向位于更内部的区域(3)，工件能够置入到该区域里面；所述设备具有至少一个第一反射镜元件(4)，该第一反射镜元件在径向上比在其上设置激光源(1)的所述至少一个圆位于更内部地设置，并且该第一反射镜元件能够将至少一些分射束(2、2’)反射到轴向上；并且，所述设备具有用于改变在第一反射镜元件(4)与其中至少一个工件之间的轴向间距的机构，由此可以改变工作间距、即第一反射镜元件与工件之间的间距，从而根据这个工作间距可以有针对性地改变焊缝的宽度。
2.如权利要求1所述的设备，其特征在于，所述激光源(1)在所述至少一个圆的圆周上相互等距地设置。
3.如权利要求1或2所述的设备，其特征在于，所述激光源(1)设计成半导体激光元件。
4.如权利要求3所述的设备，其特征在于，所述半导体激光元件包括至少一个激光二极管棒(10)。
5.如权利要求1所述的设备，其特征在于，为每个激光源(1)配设透镜装置(12，13)，其中至少一个透镜装置(12，13)能够起到一个使分射束(2、2’)快轴准直的作用。
6.如权利要求1所述的设备，其特征在于，所述反射镜元件(4)至少局部地构成为锥形反射镜元件。
7.如权利要求1所述的设备，其特征在于，所述设备具有至少一个第二反射镜元件(5)，该第二反射镜元件在轴向上与第一反射镜元件(4)隔开距离并且将由第一反射镜元件(4)反射的分射束(2b)至少部分地径向向外反射。
8.如权利要求7所述的设备，其特征在于，所述第二反射镜元件(5)至少局部地构成为锥形反射镜元件。
9.如权利要求1所述的设备，其特征在于，每个激光源(1)能够独立于其它激光源(1)运行。
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