CN100518732C - 从阿魏(FERULA)属植物中制备ferutinine的方法 - Google Patents

从阿魏(FERULA)属植物中制备ferutinine的方法 Download PDF

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CN100518732C
CN100518732C CNB2004800091113A CN200480009111A CN100518732C CN 100518732 C CN100518732 C CN 100518732C CN B2004800091113 A CNB2004800091113 A CN B2004800091113A CN 200480009111 A CN200480009111 A CN 200480009111A CN 100518732 C CN100518732 C CN 100518732C
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E·邦巴尔代利
G·丰塔纳
A·克里斯托尼
E·梅尔卡利
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Abstract

本发明涉及从阿魏(Ferula spp)提取物中制备ferutinine(Ia)的方法,该方法包括提取物的碱水解和用对新戊酰氧基苯甲酸进行的处理。本发明还涉及提取物和ferutinine在美容及皮肤病学领域中的用途。

Description

从阿魏(FERULA)属植物中制备ferutinine的方法
发明领域
本发明涉及阿魏(Ferula spp)的植物提取物以及从所述提取物中分离ferutinine的方法。
发明背景
大量阿魏属植物含有具有雌激素活性的萜烯,还称为植物雌激素,即调节激素功能的物质,对合成激素在治疗经前期综合征和与绝经及衰老有关的紊乱中的用途而言显然是有效的选择。某些种类的阿魏(Ferula)提取物在古代被用作避孕药和用于治疗阳萎和绝经期紊乱。近来,已经公开(WO0230438)阿魏(Ferula asafoetida L.)的醇提取物作为抗癌药。
阿魏属植物中含量最丰富的化合物是jaeschkenadiol(II)衍生物,
Figure C200480009111D00041
特别是具有通式(I)的胡萝卜烷酯,
Figure C200480009111D00042
胡萝卜烷酯是已知的化合物,例如在Phytochemistry,第37卷,no3,第597-623页,1994中公开。式(I)中,R为直链或支链的饱和或不饱和脂肪族酰基,或者是任选被取代的芳香族酰基。R基团的实例有异戊酰基、当归酰基、苯甲酰基、对羟基苄基、藜芦酰基或肉桂酰基。
来源于阿魏(Ferula spp)的胡萝卜烷酯是类似于SERMs(选择性雌激素受体调节剂)的雌激素调节剂;其中,ferutinine(Ia)呈现出显著的雌激素活性,而其它的胡萝卜烷酯则具有相当弱的活性。
Figure C200480009111D00051
具体而言,ferutinine是雌激素受体α激动剂(ERα)及雌激素受体β激动剂/拮抗剂(ERβ)。还已经证明:ferutinine与雌激素受体的结合力比他莫昔芬高。
因此,有必要得到富含ferutinine的提取物或者对从含有ferutinine前体的植物材料中提取ferutinine纯品进行优化。
从文献(J.Org.Chem.USSR(Engl.Transl.);EN;28;10;1992;1666-1673)中获知下述方法:该方法包括使胡萝卜烷酯全提取物水解产生jaeschkenadiol粗品,随后用适宜被保护的对羟基苯甲酸、例如用对乙酰氧基苯甲酸使jaeschkenadiol重新酯化。但是,此方法的产率相当低(约45%),这主要是由于竞争性酯交换反应而造成的。
发明详述
现已发现:使用对新戊酰氧基苯甲酸作为酯化剂可以避免导致低转化产率的竞争性反应。
因此,本发明的目的是制备ferutinine(Ia)的方法,
Figure C200480009111D00061
该方法包括以下步骤:
a)从阿魏(Ferula spp)中提取胡萝卜烷酯;
b)使胡萝卜烷酯碱水解,产生jaeschkenadiol(II);
Figure C200480009111D00062
c)用对新戊酰氧基苯甲酸(III)使jaeschkenadiol(II)酯化,
Figure C200480009111D00063
产生对新戊酰基ferutinine(IV);
Figure C200480009111D00064
d)使对新戊酰基ferutinine(IV)水解为ferutinine。
“胡萝卜烷酯”表示如上定义的通式(I)化合物;所述的酯可通过如下方法得到:用常规的方法、例如通过用低级醇提取的方法,提取阿魏(Ferulaspp)、优选大阿魏(Ferula communis)及赫蒙阿魏(Ferula hermonis)的根茎或地上部分。从含有1:1比例的ferutinine和jaeschkenadiol苯甲酸酯(通过色谱法不易分离)的赫蒙阿魏根茎开始,ferutinine纯品可通过如下方法分离:用甲醇提取根,用5% KOH处理提取物,用脂肪烃、醚、酯或氯化溶剂反提皂化提取物。
或者,胡萝卜烷酯可通过于35至65℃、优选45℃的温度和200至260bar(即2×104至2.6×104千帕斯卡)、优选245bar(即2.45×104千帕斯卡)的压力下用超临界CO2萃取而得到。分离器内(或多个分离器内)的温度为25至45℃,压力为约50bar(即5000千帕斯卡)。在这些实验条件下,胶状材料(使所需化合物回收困难)不被提取。残余物可根据实施例所报道的方法直接进行皂化。
根据上文所述的方法,其中胡萝卜烷酯从大阿魏中提取。
根据上文所述的方法,其中胡萝卜烷酯从赫蒙阿魏中提取。
根据上文所述的方法,其中胡萝卜烷酯用超临界二氧化碳在35至65℃的温度及2×104至2.6×104千帕斯卡的压力下提取。
根据上文所述的方法,其中温度为45℃。
根据上文所述的方法,其中分离在25至45℃的温度及4500至5500千帕斯卡的压力下进行。
根据上文所述的方法,其中步骤c)和d)依次进行而无需回收对新戊酰基ferutinine(IV)。
将jaeschkenadiol用对新戊酰氧基苯甲酸酯化,在相同反应溶剂中用碱、优选伯胺、更优选乙二胺处理,产生ferutinine纯品。根据本发明的一个优选实施方案,步骤c)和d)可方便地依次进行而无需回收中间体对新戊酰基ferutinine。
本发明的另一个目的是ferutinine、对新戊酰基ferutinine以及阿魏(Ferula spp)提取物、优选大阿魏和赫蒙阿魏提取物的美容和皮肤病学用途。
当应用于皮肤时,ferutinine和阿魏(Ferula spp)提取物令人惊讶地被证明能够增加胶原的生物合成,并且能够起滋补、营养及保湿的作用,由此产生紧致性(firmness)及弹性。此外,它们还可减少皮脂分泌,并且在控制多毛症和面部男性化方面发挥着显著的作用。因此,含有ferutinine或阿魏(Ferula spp)提取物的组合物在美容或皮肤病学领域中可用于治疗浅表或深皱纹或者其它不美观的方面以及用于治疗多种痤疮及皮脂溢形式。
Ferutinine及阿魏(Ferula spp)提取物可以与常规赋形剂混合配制成乳膏剂、凝胶剂及洗剂的形式,所述赋形剂例如是Remington′s PharmaceuticalSciences Handbook,XVII ed.,Mack出版社,N.Y.,U.S.A.中所述的那些,优选在大豆卵磷脂或磷脂、例如月桂酰磷脂酰胆碱及肉豆蔻酰磷脂酰胆碱(它们可掺入水/油和油/水型乳剂或者透皮硬膏剂中)的存在下配制。
以下实施例更为详细地解释了本发明。
实施例
实施例1-从赫蒙阿魏根中分离jaeschkenadiol
将250g研细的赫蒙阿魏根(粒径分布:2mm)用1升MeOH渗滤提取。用溶剂浸渍两天并渗滤后,重复操作(4×1升),得到112.2g甲醇提取物(45%)。通过TLC(石油醚/乙酸乙酯8/2,ferutinine Rf:0.14)监测药物是否提取完全。
将甲醇提取物用513ml 10%KOH甲醇溶液回流。1小时后,TLC分析(石油醚-乙酸乙酯8/2,ferutinine Rf:0.14;Rfjaeschkenadiol:0.31)表明反应完全。冷却后,反应混合物用水(500ml)稀释,用石油醚提取(4×500ml)。所合并的石油醚相用盐水洗涤,干燥,蒸发。所得的半晶质残余物用冷石油醚(冰箱温度)洗涤,得到7.5g jaeschkenadiol结晶。母液通过色谱法(50g硅胶,石油醚-乙酸乙酯95:5)纯化,得到α-没药醇(870mg)、α-没药醇与jaeschkenadiol的混合物以及jaeschkenadiol纯品(结晶后得3.4g)。jaeschkenadiol和α-没药醇的混合物用母液汇集,进行色谱法(50g硅胶,石油醚-乙酸乙酯95:5),得到1.95g jaeschkenadiol结晶(总产量:12.85g,5.1%)。
该化合物具有以下理化性质及光谱特性:
IR光谱(KBr,cm-1):3339,2965,2905,2875,1470,1375,1047,968,858质谱(C.I.)
M++1-H2O=221;M++1-2H2O=203
1H NMR光谱(300MHZ,CDCl3)δ:H9 5.43m,H2 3.9m,H14 1.78s,H151.00s,H12 0.95d J 4.98,H13 0.91d J 5.13。
实施例2-从大阿魏根中分离jaeschkenadiol
将250g研细的大阿魏根(粒径分布:2mm)用1升MeOH渗滤提取。用溶剂浸渍两天并渗滤后,重复操作(4×1升);甲醇提取物浓缩至相当于研细根的重量的体积,向提取物中加入10% KOH(10ml)。将碱性溶液回流2小时,然后冷却,用200ml正己烷反提3次。通过TLC(石油醚/乙酸乙酯8/2)监测药物是否提取完全。
所合并的己烷相用盐水洗涤,干燥,蒸发。所得的半晶质残余物用冷石油醚(冰箱温度)洗涤,得到3.5g jaeschkenadiol结晶。根据实施例1将母液纯化。产量:0.8g jaeschkenadiol,与实施例1的产物具有相同的理化性质。
实施例3-从大阿魏地上部分分离jaeschkenadiol
将1kg研细的大阿魏地上部分用二氧化碳于45℃及245bar(即2.45×104千帕斯卡)下在超临界气体萃取用装置中提取。分离器内(或多个分离器内)的温度为25至45℃,压力为约50bar(即5000千帕斯卡)。在这些条件下,胶状材料(使所需化合物回收困难)不被提取。将仅含有亲脂性化合物和水的残余物按照实施例1和2中所报道的方法用甲醇溶解并用碱处理,使jaeschkenadiol酯水解。纯化后,得到5.1g化合物纯品,与实施例1的产物具有相同特性。
实施例4-对新戊酰氧基苯甲酸的合成
将4-羟基苯甲酸(114.5g,829mmol)在搅拌下溶解于吡啶(1.15升)中,在冰浴上冷却至T<5℃。向所得溶液中加入4-二甲氨基吡啶(DMAP,0.3当量,248.8mmol,30.4g)及新戊酰氯(3当量,2.487mol,300g,293.6ml)。溶液温热至室温,在搅拌下放置2小时,然后加入水(2.29升)(放热反应:将溶液在冰浴中冷却),在搅拌下另外放置3小时。
将溶液倒入分液漏斗中,用CH2Cl2(3×750ml)萃取。所合并的二氯甲烷相用2M H2SO4(4×750ml)和饱和NaCl溶液(1×1150ml)洗涤,然后经Na2SO4(60g)干燥。
将溶液通过纸过滤器过滤,真空蒸发溶剂,得到残余物,将该残余物用石油醚于30-50°研磨(3×400ml),抽滤,在静态干燥器中于45℃真空干燥15小时。得到130.5g具有以下光谱特性的产物。
IR光谱(KBr,cm-1):3680,2978,2361,1753,1686,1603,1427,1289,1204,1163,1103。
质谱(C.I.):M++1=223
1H NMR光谱(300MHZ,D-DMSO)δ H3=7 8.00d J=8.48,H4=6 7.23dJ=8.55,CH3 1.34s。
实施例5-由jaeschkenadiol合成ferutinine
将jaeschkenadiol(100g,419.5mmol)在搅拌下于室温溶解于CH2Cl2(600ml)中。向所得溶液中加入对新戊酰氧基苯甲酸(1.4当量,587.3mmol,130.5g)及DMAP(0.3当量,125.9mmol,15.4g)。溶液在搅拌下放置10分钟,使试剂溶解完全,然后加入N,N’-二环己基碳二亚胺(DCC,1.8当量,755.1mmol,155.8g)。2小时后反应完全。
溶液浓缩至2体积(200ml),用5体积CH3CN(500ml)稀释,然后滤除二环己基脲沉淀,用另外5体积CH3CN(2×250ml)洗涤。将所合并的有机相倒入分液漏斗中,用10%w/v Na2CO3(2×250ml)和NaCl饱和溶液(1×250ml)萃取,然后经Na2SO4(100g)干燥。滤除Na2SO4,溶剂真空蒸发,产生360g具有以下光谱特性的化合物(IV):
1H NMR(300MHZ,CDCl3):δ 8.09(d,J=9.0Hz,H3’-H5’),7.20(d,J=8.7Hz,H2’-H6’),5.60(brt,J=4.7Hz,H9),5.35(td,J=10.4-2.9Hz,H6),2.58(dd,J=13,1-10.9Hz,H7b),2.34(dd,J=14.1-2.3Hz,H7a),2.07(m,H10),2.04(d,J=2.7Hz,H5),1.97(d,J=9.7Hz,H2a),1.89(m,H11),1.86(s,H14),1.63(m,H2b),1.57(m,H3a),1.41(s,C(CH3)3),1.30(m,H3b),1.14(s,H15),0.99(d,J=6.9Hz,H12),0.89(d,J=6.7Hz,H13).
将化合物(IV)在搅拌下于室温溶解于2升CH2Cl2中。向所得溶液中加入乙二胺(10当量,280ml)。3小时后反应完全。溶液冷却至0℃,倒入分液漏斗中,用0℃的3M H2SO4(2×750ml,放热反应)及饱和NaCl溶液(1×500ml)洗涤。有机相经Na2SO4(100g)干燥,过滤,蒸发至干。将残余物(230g)装到用5.8升己烷:乙酸乙酯=9:1的混合物平衡的硅胶柱(2.5kg)上,用70升相同混合物洗脱。汇集含有产物的级分,真空蒸发溶剂,产物在静态干燥器中于45℃干燥24小时。
得到139g(92.4%)具有以下光谱特性的产物:
IR光谱(KBr,cm-1):3410,1686,1655,1608,1593,1560,1279,1165,1099,771。
质谱(C.I.):M++1-H2O=341
1HNMR光谱(200MHZ,CDCl3):δ H3’=7’7.94d J=8,4’=6’6.88d J=8,H9 5.56m,H2 5.23dt J=11,H14 1.80brs,H15 1.10s,H13 0.94d J=6.5,H120.82d J=6.5。
实施例6-赫蒙阿魏提取物的制备
将1kg赫蒙阿魏整株植物用5体积丙酮提取3次。将所合并的丙酮提取物浓缩至相当于开始生物量重量的0.5份,用2份水稀释。在己烷的存在下,用稀KOH在剧烈搅拌下调节水溶液pH至7.8。弃去己烷相,水相酸化至pH5,用正己烷反提。含有ferutinine的己烷相浓缩至干,产生52g含有约35%ferutinine的提取物。
实施例7-用于治疗浅表皱纹的含有ferutinine的制剂
将ferutinine掺入具有以下组分的乳膏剂中:
Ferutinine                                    0.20g
卡波姆934(卡波普934P-Goodrich)                0.60g
丙二醇                                        3.00g
咪唑啉基脲                                    0.30g
Kathon CG                                     0.05g
EDTA二钠                                      0.10g
PEG-5大豆甾醇(Generol122E5-Henkel)            2.00g
辛基十二烷醇(Eutanol G-Henkel)                4.00g
麦芽油                                        4.00g
硅油350cps                                    0.50g
硬脂酸甘油酯(Cutine GMS-Henkel)               7.00g
聚山梨酯60(Tween 60-ICI)                      5.00g
生育酚                                        0.20g
抗坏血酸棕榈酸酯                              0.10g
10% NaOH溶液                                 2.00g
香料(186909-Dragoco)                          0.20g
纯化水                                        至100.00g
实施例8-含有赫蒙阿魏纯提取物的制剂,所述提取物含30%ferutinine及20% jaeschkenadiol苯甲酸酯
赫蒙阿魏提取物                                   0.5g
卡波姆934(卡波普934P-Goodrich)                   0.60g
丙二醇                                           3.00g
咪唑啉基脲                                       0.30g
Kathon CG                                        0.05g
EDTA二钠                                         0.10g
PEG-5大豆甾醇(Generol 122 E5-Henkel)             2.00g
辛基十二烷醇(Eutanol G-Henkel)                   4.00g
麦芽油                                           4.00g
硅油350cps                                       0.50g
硬脂酸甘油酯(Cutine GMS-Henkel)                  7.00g
聚山梨酯60(Tween 60-ICI)                         5.00g
生育酚                                           0.20g
抗坏血酸棕榈酸酯                                 0.10g
10%NaOH溶液                                     2.00g
香料(186909-Dragoco)                             0.20g
纯化水                                           至100.00g
实施例9-含有ferutinine的凝胶剂
Ferutinine                                       0.30g
咪唑啉基脲                                       0.30g
尼泊金甲酯                                       0.20g
羟乙基纤维素(Natrosol 250 HHX-Aqualon)           2.00g
纯化水                                           至100ml
实施例10-含有阿魏(Ferula spp)提取物的美容制剂
赫蒙阿魏提取物                                   0.5g
咪唑啉基脲                                        0.30g
尼泊金甲酯                                        0.20g
羟乙基纤维素(Natrosol 250 HHX-Aqualon)            2.00g
纯化水                                            至100ml
实验
产品效能
在对40名年龄为39至56岁的女性志愿者进行的双盲研究中评价对皮肤弹性和紧致性以及对皱纹测定法(rugometry)的作用,测定了实施例7的乳膏剂的效能。研究之前进行7天调节期,在此期间受试者必须戒绝使用保湿产品、防晒霜及液体化妆品,并避免晒黑处理及过度暴露在紫外线中。
受试者允许使用常规的眼部及唇部护理产品、搽脸粉和非保湿皂。
将受试者随机分成两组,一组用安慰乳膏剂处理,另一组用实施例7的乳膏剂处理。乳膏剂以标准量(0.5g,即从管中挤出0.5cm乳膏)涂于面部,一日两次,早晚各一次。治疗前及治疗五周后进行以下测量。
在每个测量期之前,所有受试者在23℃及相对湿度50%的气候室中停留30分钟。每一期包括在下述指定的皮肤区域用角质层测定仪(corneometer)测量三次、用肤质测定仪(cutometer)测量三次以及眶周区的硅印模(siliconimpression)。
所有40名受试者均完成了研究。
肤质测定法(Cutometry)
肤质测定仪是用于以非损伤方式测量皮肤机械性能的市售装置(Cutometer SEM 575,Courage & Khazaka,德国)。更为详细地说,它测量皮肤表面在通过2mm开口的探针受到500mmHg的负压时的垂直形变。透入探针中的皮肤长度以0.01mm的精度进行目测。探针与计算机相连,计算机记录皮肤随时间的形变。从所得曲线可外推出多个变量来评价皮肤的弹性、粘弹性及粘性行为。
记录以下参数:
即时膨胀(Ue),在0.1秒时测量;
延迟膨胀(Uv);
最终膨胀(Uf),在10秒时测量;以及
即时缩回(Ur)。
试验使用皮肤测定仪在两颊进行。
在安慰剂组中未观察到显著变化。处理5周后,治疗组的延迟膨胀(Uv)显著降低(16%,p<0.05)。该参数反映了皮肤的粘弹性能和真皮行为。5周后还观察到Ue的显著变化(-12%,p<0.05),Ue主要受角质层的水合性能及机械性能的影响。Uv和Ue的降低以及Ur的稳定表明皮肤的紧致性增加。
角质层测定法(Corneometry)
柔软光滑的皮肤外观主要取决于角质层中存在有充足量的水分。
角质层测定仪是测量由皮肤水合变化引起的电容变化的市售装置(Corneometer CM 825 Combi 3,Courage & Khazaka,德国)。
试验使用角质层测定仪在两颊进行。
5周后,在治疗组中观察到显著变化,具体而言,皮肤水合增加17.5%,而在安慰剂组中水合降低3%。
皱纹测定法(Rugometry)
硅印模在处于坐姿的受试者中进行。在开始时以及5周后,采用“Silflo硅印模材料”(从Flexico,UK可得)获得印模(2×5cm)。
然后用采用Quantirides-Monaderm软件的皮肤图像分析仪系统(SkinImage Analyzer System)分析印模,该系统可将皮肤微起伏与中等皱纹及深皱纹区别开,并计算它们的数量和深度;最终,获得皱纹的总面积值。
5周后,在治疗组中观察到显著变化。具体而言,观察到皱纹面积减少21.3%(p<0.05),而在安慰剂组中则减少0.4%。
已经观察到,主要是中等及深皱纹的数量和深度在统计学上显著减少。
结论
该研究可作出如下结论:实施例7的乳膏剂在治疗有时间迹象及光老化迹象的皮肤中具有良好的美容活性,因为它可增加皮肤的紧致性和水合作用,并可减小平均皱纹面积,特别是深的微小皱纹和大皱纹部位。皮肤明显变得更紧致和更光滑。

Claims (7)

1.制备ferutinine(Ia)的方法,
Figure C200480009111C00021
该方法包括以下步骤:
a)从阿魏(Ferula spp)中提取胡萝卜烷酯;
b)使胡萝卜烷酯碱水解,产生jaeschkenadiol(II);
Figure C200480009111C00022
c)用对新戊酰氧基苯甲酸(III)使jaeschkenadiol(II)酯化,
Figure C200480009111C00023
产生对新戊酰基ferutinine(IV);
Figure C200480009111C00024
d)使对新戊酰基ferutinine(IV)水解为ferutinine(Ia)。
2.根据权利要求1的方法,其中胡萝卜烷酯从大阿魏中提取。
3.根据权利要求1的方法,其中胡萝卜烷酯从赫蒙阿魏中提取。
4.根据权利要求1至3中任一项的方法,其中胡萝卜烷酯用超临界二氧化碳在35至65℃的温度及2×104至2.6×104千帕斯卡的压力下提取。
5.根据权利要求4的方法,其中温度为45℃。
6.根据权利要求1的方法,其中分离在25至45℃的温度及4500至5500千帕斯卡的压力下进行。
7。根据权利要求1至3中任一项的方法,其中步骤c)和d)依次进行而无需回收对新戊酰基ferutinine(IV)。
CNB2004800091113A 2003-04-04 2004-03-23 从阿魏(FERULA)属植物中制备ferutinine的方法 Expired - Fee Related CN100518732C (zh)

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