CN100434154C - 用于压力容器的速闭门 - Google Patents

用于压力容器的速闭门 Download PDF

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CN100434154C
CN100434154C CNB2004800114030A CN200480011403A CN100434154C CN 100434154 C CN100434154 C CN 100434154C CN B2004800114030 A CNB2004800114030 A CN B2004800114030A CN 200480011403 A CN200480011403 A CN 200480011403A CN 100434154 C CN100434154 C CN 100434154C
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pressure
packing ring
container
quick
superpressure
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CN1780685A (zh
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M·奥兹德斯里克
P·施梅茨
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SISTEM TEKNIK ENDUSTRIYEL ELEK
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J19/00—Chemical, physical or physico-chemical processes in general; Their relevant apparatus
    • B01J19/0006—Controlling or regulating processes
    • B01J19/002—Avoiding undesirable reactions or side-effects, e.g. avoiding explosions, or improving the yield by suppressing side-reactions
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J19/00—Chemical, physical or physico-chemical processes in general; Their relevant apparatus
    • B01J19/0053—Details of the reactor
    • B01J19/0073—Sealings
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J3/00—Processes of utilising sub-atmospheric or super-atmospheric pressure to effect chemical or physical change of matter; Apparatus therefor
    • B01J3/03—Pressure vessels, or vacuum vessels, having closure members or seals specially adapted therefor
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16J—PISTONS; CYLINDERS; SEALINGS
    • F16J13/00—Covers or similar closure members for pressure vessels in general
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16J—PISTONS; CYLINDERS; SEALINGS
    • F16J15/00—Sealings
    • F16J15/002—Sealings comprising at least two sealings in succession
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16J—PISTONS; CYLINDERS; SEALINGS
    • F16J15/00—Sealings
    • F16J15/46—Sealings with packing ring expanded or pressed into place by fluid pressure, e.g. inflatable packings
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J2219/00—Chemical, physical or physico-chemical processes in general; Their relevant apparatus
    • B01J2219/00049—Controlling or regulating processes
    • B01J2219/00191—Control algorithm
    • B01J2219/00193—Sensing a parameter
    • B01J2219/00207—Sensing a parameter other than of the reactor heat exchange system
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J2219/00—Chemical, physical or physico-chemical processes in general; Their relevant apparatus
    • B01J2219/00049—Controlling or regulating processes
    • B01J2219/00191—Control algorithm
    • B01J2219/00211—Control algorithm comparing a sensed parameter with a pre-set value
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J2219/00—Chemical, physical or physico-chemical processes in general; Their relevant apparatus
    • B01J2219/00049—Controlling or regulating processes
    • B01J2219/00191—Control algorithm
    • B01J2219/00222—Control algorithm taking actions
    • B01J2219/00225—Control algorithm taking actions stopping the system or generating an alarm
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J2219/00—Chemical, physical or physico-chemical processes in general; Their relevant apparatus
    • B01J2219/00049—Controlling or regulating processes
    • B01J2219/00245—Avoiding undesirable reactions or side-effects
    • B01J2219/00268—Detecting faulty operations

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Architecture (AREA)
  • Fluid Mechanics (AREA)
  • Pressure Vessels And Lids Thereof (AREA)
  • Electrical Discharge Machining, Electrochemical Machining, And Combined Machining (AREA)
  • Filling Or Discharging Of Gas Storage Vessels (AREA)

Abstract

在从负压到超压以及从超压到负压的可变内部压力下处理物料或产品时，广泛使用的用于压力容器的速闭门的密封系统是没有保证的。至于从负压到超压的压差以及可燃气体环境，容器内处于环境压力时存在危险。本发明涉及一种用于压力容器的速闭门的密封系统，它能确保在可燃气体环境下安全操作。

Description

用于压力容器的速闭门
背景技术
这类门是众所周知的，例如：它用于热空气高压釜，在-1/+20或更高巴的超压及负压范围的保护环境下，该高压釜可用于蒸汽养护和用于金属的热处理。
只要保护环境是惰性的，在操作中将过程压力由负压变为超压是没有问题的，而且反之亦然。
假如保护环境是可燃的或爆炸性的，当将它与氧气混合时，就不得不考虑安全问题。
该速闭门装设有特殊垫圈，它能确保当容器在超压以及在负压下的安全操作。当没有压差密封垫圈时，处于环境压力下的容器是危险的。
为安全起见使用带速闭门的压力容器，如果可变的内部压力由负压变为超压，而且处于例如氢气的可燃环境下时，则必须找到测量方法，该测量方法防止在环境压力下发生泄漏，并且当泄漏发生时，能发出警报。
发明内容
本发明的目的是提出一种能够克服上述缺陷的用于压力容器速闭门的密封系统。
发现两种不同的用于安全密封的方法，也供处于氢气环境下的压力容器使用。
第一种方法是在垫圈的两侧使用负压，以防止氢气渗透到周围空气中或空气渗透到压力容器中。
第二种方法是在两特殊的垫圈之间使用超压，保持密封紧密，而不依靠容器内的压力。
这两种情况下的密封功能将被连续测量，而且任何故障信号将使压力容器进入安全模式。
附图说明
图1是现有设计中压力容器的速闭门沿中心线的横截面图；
图2表示密封区域的放大图；
图3是带负压设计的压力容器的速闭门沿中心线的横截面图；
图4表示图3的密封区域的放大图；
图5是带超压设计的压力容器的速闭门沿中心线的横截面图；
图6表示图5的密封区域的放大图；
图7是压力容器的速闭门的正视图。
具体实施方式
在各图中，同一附图标记表示同一部件，如：数1通常表示压力容器的法兰，即便在图1到图7中，该法兰具有不同的设计。
本发明涉及一种用于压力容器1、10、11的速闭门2、4、5、6、7、9的密封方法，该压力容器通过可转动的环3锁紧，且用唇式垫圈8密封，并且周围带有水套12、13。
该容器的内部空间30包含要处理的物料，绝热的加热、冷却设备，保护气或反应气环境，气体循环及气体引导系统。
与环境大气31相比，内部压力可以是负压、超压或同样为环境压力。
当内部压力是负压时，环境压力将门压向垫圈，并使其密封。
当内部压力是超压时，该压力将垫圈的唇缘压向门法兰2，并且同样使其密封。
当内部压力是环境压力时，如果该环境是由可燃气体如氢气组成，密封不确定从而这可能造成危险。
根据本发明提出的第一种方法，是通过使用两个垫圈8、21，以及带有用于连接氮气源的部件23的超压空间24、25来获得安全密封的，该氮气源给空间25提供压力，该压力为容器30的最大压力的1.2到2.0倍。
空间25内的压力将垫圈的唇缘压向门的法兰2，而且为压力容器提供紧密密封而不依靠内部压力。通过部件22将压力空间与带报警开关的压力控制器相连接，在容器的整个工序中连续控制空间25内的压力。
万一发生任何故障，将根据容器内工序的实际阶段，将容器带进安全模式，这可能意味着用氮气吹洗或用氮气回注，和/或停止该工序。
提出的第二种方法是通过在压力容器的法兰1上的垫圈8周围设置负压空间15、16、18，并在门法兰2上的垫圈周围设置负压空间26、14、17来获得安全密封。该负压空间通过法兰19、20与真空泵相连接，而且压力被连续控制在1-50毫巴的范围内。假如在垫圈处有泄漏，根据容器内工序的实际阶段，负压控制器将发出信号使容器处于安全模式。
将内部压力以及垫圈处的超压或负压空间变为环境压力后，转动带液压缸41的锁紧环3直至夹紧齿44位于间隙43内时，通过拉动手柄42并环绕着铰链40转动门，即可打开门来加料或卸料。

Claims (2)

1、一种压力容器的速闭门的密封方法，用于即便在可燃气体环境以及可变的内部压力如负压、环境压力和超压下安全使用该容器，通过使用两个以两唇彼此相对的方式安装的唇式垫圈，并且在垫圈之间设置空间，该空间与氮气源相连接，该氮气源提供容器内最大压力的1.2-2.0倍的压力，以便将垫圈的唇压向门的法兰，在不依靠内部压力下提供容器的紧密密封。
2、根据权利要求1的方法，进一步包括紧密控制系统，通过连续测量垫圈间的超压并发出信号，如果压力值超过其容限，由此监控系统使容器自动进入安全模式。
CNB2004800114030A 2003-04-30 2004-01-13 用于压力容器的速闭门 Expired - Fee Related CN100434154C (zh)

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AT (1) ATE364439T1 (zh)
DE (1) DE602004006984T2 (zh)
ES (1) ES2288674T3 (zh)
WO (1) WO2004096427A1 (zh)

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DE102005045783A1 (de) * 2005-09-23 2007-03-29 Sistem Teknik Endustriyel Elektronik Sistemler Sanayi Ve Ticaret Ltd. Sirketi Einkammer-Vakuumofen mit Wasserstoffabschreckung
DE102012015045A1 (de) 2012-07-31 2014-02-06 Dockweiler Ag Vorrichtung zum Temperieren eines Gefäßes in einer Kammer
PL235514B1 (pl) * 2016-05-21 2020-08-24 Enbio Tech Społka Z Ograniczoną Odpowiedzialnością Zamknięcie zbiornika
CN108080220B (zh) * 2018-01-24 2021-07-06 宁波润华全芯微电子设备有限公司 一种单片硅晶圆气相hmds涂布装置

Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4469335A (en) * 1982-07-22 1984-09-04 American Sterilizer Company Sealing apparatus with sealing device operable under pressure differential established thereacross
DE3337092C1 (de) * 1983-10-12 1985-07-18 Maschinenbau Scholz Gmbh & Co Kg, 4420 Coesfeld Vorrichtung zum Abdichten des abnehmbaren Verschlußgliedes von Druckbehältern

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* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US1102945A (en) * 1911-10-24 1914-07-07 Isidore Heindenheim Apparatus for handling seines.
FR1320143A (fr) * 1962-01-24 1963-03-08 Heliot Maurice Ets Dispositif de fermeture étanche pour autoclave
DE1265138B (de) * 1965-01-27 1968-04-04 Philips Nv Vorrichtung zum vakuumdichten Verschliessen eines Gefaesses, z. B. einer Vakuumglocke
FR2395066A1 (fr) * 1977-06-21 1979-01-19 Gambini Joseph Dispositif d'etancheite de portes d'autoclaves

Patent Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4469335A (en) * 1982-07-22 1984-09-04 American Sterilizer Company Sealing apparatus with sealing device operable under pressure differential established thereacross
DE3337092C1 (de) * 1983-10-12 1985-07-18 Maschinenbau Scholz Gmbh & Co Kg, 4420 Coesfeld Vorrichtung zum Abdichten des abnehmbaren Verschlußgliedes von Druckbehältern

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ES2288674T3 (es) 2008-01-16
EP1617941B1 (en) 2007-06-13
US20060290074A1 (en) 2006-12-28
DE602004006984D1 (de) 2007-07-26
EP1617941A1 (en) 2006-01-25
WO2004096427A1 (en) 2004-11-11
CN1780685A (zh) 2006-05-31
ATE364439T1 (de) 2007-07-15
DE602004006984T2 (de) 2008-02-21

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