CN100432418C - 燃料喷射阀 - Google Patents

燃料喷射阀 Download PDF

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CN100432418C
CN100432418C CNB038255588A CN03825558A CN100432418C CN 100432418 C CN100432418 C CN 100432418C CN B038255588 A CNB038255588 A CN B038255588A CN 03825558 A CN03825558 A CN 03825558A CN 100432418 C CN100432418 C CN 100432418C
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armature
fuelinjection nozzle
coating
needle
stop face
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CN1714235A (zh
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曼弗雷德·勒斯勒尔
阿希姆·德格尔
罗尔夫·凯勒
马库斯·格斯克
吉多·皮尔格拉姆
贝恩德·埃因维勒
诺贝特·凯姆
米夏埃多·林纳
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Robert Bosch GmbH
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M61/00—Fuel-injectors not provided for in groups F02M39/00 - F02M57/00 or F02M67/00
    • F02M61/16—Details not provided for in, or of interest apart from, the apparatus of groups F02M61/02 - F02M61/14
    • F02M61/166—Selection of particular materials
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M51/00—Fuel-injection apparatus characterised by being operated electrically
    • F02M51/06—Injectors peculiar thereto with means directly operating the valve needle
    • F02M51/061—Injectors peculiar thereto with means directly operating the valve needle using electromagnetic operating means
    • F02M51/0625—Injectors peculiar thereto with means directly operating the valve needle using electromagnetic operating means characterised by arrangement of mobile armatures
    • F02M51/0664—Injectors peculiar thereto with means directly operating the valve needle using electromagnetic operating means characterised by arrangement of mobile armatures having a cylindrically or partly cylindrically shaped armature, e.g. entering the winding; having a plate-shaped or undulated armature entering the winding
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T29/00—Metal working
    • Y10T29/49—Method of mechanical manufacture
    • Y10T29/49229—Prime mover or fluid pump making
    • Y10T29/49231—I.C. [internal combustion] engine making
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T29/00—Metal working
    • Y10T29/49—Method of mechanical manufacture
    • Y10T29/49401—Fluid pattern dispersing device making, e.g., ink jet
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T29/00—Metal working
    • Y10T29/49—Method of mechanical manufacture
    • Y10T29/49405—Valve or choke making
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T29/00—Metal working
    • Y10T29/49—Method of mechanical manufacture
    • Y10T29/49405—Valve or choke making
    • Y10T29/49412—Valve or choke making with assembly, disassembly or composite article making
    • Y10T29/49425—Valve or choke making with assembly, disassembly or composite article making including metallurgical bonding
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T29/00—Metal working
    • Y10T29/49—Method of mechanical manufacture
    • Y10T29/49405—Valve or choke making
    • Y10T29/49426—Valve or choke making including metal shaping and diverse operation
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T29/00—Metal working
    • Y10T29/49—Method of mechanical manufacture
    • Y10T29/4998—Combined manufacture including applying or shaping of fluent material
    • Y10T29/49982—Coating

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Electromagnetism (AREA)
  • Fuel-Injection Apparatus (AREA)

Abstract

燃料喷射阀(1)，用于内燃机的燃料喷射装置，该燃料喷射阀具有一个电磁线圈(10)，一个在关闭方向上由一个复位弹簧(23)加载的衔铁(20)，及一个与该衔铁(20)构成传力链地形成连接的阀针(3)，在该阀针上构造有一个阀关闭体(4)，该阀关闭体与一个阀座面(6)共同构成一个密封座，其中，该衔铁(20)以一个衔铁止挡面(38)止挡在所述电磁线圈(10)的内磁极(13)的一个止挡面(39)上，且该衔铁止挡面(38)和/或该止挡面(39)设置有一个涂层(40)。其中，该涂层(40)具有一个表面结构(41)。

Description

燃料喷射阀
技术领域
本发明涉及一种用于内燃机的燃料喷射装置的燃料喷射阀。
背景技术
由EP 0 683 862 B1公知了一种可电磁操作的燃料喷射阀，其衔铁的特征是：朝向内磁极的衔铁止挡面构造成略微的楔状，以便使燃料喷射阀打开时的液压阻尼及激励电磁线圈的电流切断后的液压粘附力最小化或完全抑制。此外，通过适当的措施，如蒸镀及氮化，使衔铁的止挡面构造得耐磨，从而使止挡面在燃料喷射阀的整个寿命期间保持尺寸不变且燃料喷射阀的工作方式不受影响。
由EP 0 683 862 B1给出的燃料喷射阀的缺点主要是，尽管对衔铁止挡面进行了优化，当衔铁被吸时，在工作缝隙中仍然存在液压阻尼力，如果给电磁线圈接通励磁电流，衔铁就朝内磁极方向运动，且此时将处于内磁极与衔铁之间的燃料排出。由于摩擦与惯性效应，在此形成一个局部的压力场，该压力场在衔铁止挡面上产生一个与衔铁运动方向相反作用的液压力。由此延长了燃料喷射阀的开启与配量时间。
发明内容
根据本发明，提出了一种燃料喷射阀，用于内燃机的燃料喷射装置，该燃料喷射阀具有一个电磁线圈，一个在关闭方向上由一个复位弹簧加载的衔铁，及一个与该衔铁力锁合地形成连接的阀针，在该阀针上构造有一个阀关闭体，该阀关闭体与一个阀座面共同构成一个密封座，该衔铁以一个衔铁止挡面止挡在所述电磁线圈的内磁极的一个止挡面上，且该衔铁止挡面和/或该止挡面设有一个涂层，其中：该涂层具有带有一些凸起区域及一些凹入区域的表面结构，该涂层通过涂层方法形成，这些凸起区域构造成球缺状。
相比而言，本发明的、具有上述特征的燃料喷射阀所具有的优点是：通过施加在衔铁上的涂层的表面结构的构型，一方面有效地保护了衔铁止挡面，另一方面显著地降低了液压阻尼力，由此，燃料喷射阀能够被更快地打开，其结果是：配量时间及配量量更加精确，持续运转强度更高。
特别有利的是，涂层具有凸起的区域及凹入的区域，其中，这些区域之间的高度差这样地确定大小，使得这些凹入的区域在长期运行后仍保持在这些凸起的区域之下。
通过在下面给出的措施，能够对上述的燃料喷射阀进行有利的进一步构型及改善。
其中有利的是，高度差处于5μm至10μm之间，这超过了磨合阶段之后的正常的磨损量。
有利的是，涂层由一个或者多个铬层构成。
附图说明
在附图中简化地表示了本发明的一个实施例，并且在下面的说明中对其进行详细说明。附图表示：
图1根据现有技术的燃料喷射阀的一个轴向剖面，
图2A一个非常示意性地给出的局部放大图，为根据本发明的燃料喷射阀中新涂层的衔铁的一个实施例的局部，以及
图2B一个非常示意性地给出的局部放大图，为由图2A示出的衔铁的实施例经过较长的运行阶段后的局部。
实施例的说明
在借助图2A及图2B对根据本发明的燃料喷射阀的衔铁的实施例进行详细说明之前，为了更好地理解本发明，首先借助图1对已知的燃料喷射阀就其一些基本构件进行简短的说明。
图1所示的燃料喷射阀1的实施例，为以用于混合气压缩、强迫点火式内燃机的燃料喷射装置的燃料喷射阀1的形式来构造的。该燃料喷射阀1特别适用于将燃料直接喷入到图中未示出的内燃机的燃烧室中。
该燃料喷射阀1由一个喷嘴体2组成，其中设置有一个阀针3。该阀针3与一个阀关闭体4作用连接，后者则与一个设置在阀座体5上的阀座面6共同作用形成一个密封座。在实施例中，该燃料喷射阀1是一个向内打开的燃料喷射阀1，它具有一个喷射孔7。喷嘴体2通过一个密封件8相对于一个电磁线圈10的外磁极9密封。该电磁线圈10被封闭于一个线圈壳体11中，并被缠绕到一个线圈架12上，该线圈架靠置于电磁线圈10的一个内磁极13上。该内磁极13与该外磁极9通过一个收缩部分26彼此分离，并通过一个非铁磁性的连接部件29彼此相连接。该电磁线圈10通过一个导线19由一个可通过电插接触头17输入的电流励磁。该插接触头17由一个塑料外壳18所包覆，它可以被注塑在内磁极13上。
阀针3在一个阀针导向部分14中被导向，该阀针导向部分构造成盘状。一个配对的调节盘15用来行程调节。衔铁20处于该调节盘15的另一侧上，衔铁通过一个第一法兰21力锁合地与阀针3形成连接，该阀针通过一个焊缝22与该第一法兰21连接。在该第一法兰21上支承着一个复位弹簧23，它在燃料喷射阀1的所述构造形式中，由一个套管24施加预应力。
燃料通道30、31及32在阀针导向部分14、衔铁20中以及在一个导向元件36上延伸。燃料通过一个中心的燃料输入部16输入，并通过一个过滤元件25过滤。该燃料喷射阀1通过一个密封件28相对于一个未进一步示给出的燃料分配管路密封，并通过另一个密封件37相对于一个未进一步示出的缸盖密封。
在衔铁20的喷射侧的侧上，设置有一个环状的阻尼元件33，它由弹性体材料制成。该阻尼元件靠置在一个第二法兰34上，该第二法兰通过一个焊缝35力锁合地与阀针3相连接。
在燃料喷射阀1的静止状态中，衔铁20由复位弹簧23在逆着其抬起行程方向上这样地加载，使得阀关闭体4在阀座面6上保持密封地靠置。在对电磁线圈10进行励磁时，它建立一个磁场，该磁场使衔铁20抵抗复位弹簧23的弹性力在抬起行程方向上运动，其中行程通过一个在静止状态下位于内磁极13与衔铁20之间的工作间隙27来预先给定。衔铁20携带着与阀针3焊接在一起的所述第一法兰21也在抬起行程方向上运动。所述与阀针3形成连接阀关闭体4从阀座面6上抬起，通过所述燃料通道30至32输入的燃料通过喷射孔7喷出。
如果切断线圈电流，在磁场充分衰减之后，由于复位弹簧23的压力，衔铁20从内磁极13释放，由此，所述与阀针3形成连接的第一法兰21逆着抬起行程方向运动。该阀针3因此在相同的方向上运动，由此使阀关闭体4坐置在阀座面6上并使燃料喷射阀1关闭。
图2A非常示意性地给出了朝向燃料喷射阀1的内磁极13的衔铁止挡面38的局部。在此，该衔铁20可以与已经在图1详细说明的燃料喷射阀1相同地构造。
根据本发明，衔铁止挡面38设有一个涂层40，该涂层一方面保护衔铁止挡面38以及在内磁极13上的相应的止挡面39防止发生磨损，另一方面通过其特殊的表面结构41，使得在电磁线圈10通电时衔铁20受吸时燃料畅通无阻地排流，且由此不影响燃料喷射阀1的打开过程。此外，衔铁止挡面38以及内磁极13的止挡面39的气蚀减弱，因为燃料不产生成流。
在此，所述表面结构41具有凸起的以及凹入的区域42、43，它们通过一个相应的涂层方法实现。对于该涂层40优选使用铬，它以多个层施加到衔铁20的衔铁止挡面38上。由此得到特别是呈球缺状凸突的区域42，在它们之间构成凹入的区域43。
这个以交替出现的凸起与凹入区域42、43提供作为衔铁止挡面38的表面面积，如所期望的那样，比一个封闭的衔铁止挡面38的要小，因此，当关闭燃料喷射阀1时，所要注意的发生在衔铁止挡面38与内磁极13的止挡面39之间的液压粘附力减弱。
另一方面，该表面结构41，如从图2B中看到的那样，在经过长期运行的初始阶段后，在这样的程度上被磨损，从而产生出一种稳定的表面结构41，随后的磨损将非常微弱(磨合阶段)，尽管如此，该表面结构仍然同以前一样具有凹入的、用作排液器的区域43。这里，凸起区与凹入区域42、43之间的高度差，在磨合阶段之前为5至10μm，在典型的磨损深度下，该值会减小到大约4至5μm之间。这样，保证衔铁止挡面38能有效地排液，同时在衔铁止挡面38与内磁极13的止挡面39之间具有大的接触面。
本发明并不局限于所给的实施例，并且也可在多种其它结构形式的燃料喷射阀中实现。例如，也能够替代地或附加地将涂层40设置于内磁极13的止挡面39上。

Claims (5)

1.燃料喷射阀(1)，用于内燃机的燃料喷射装置，该燃料喷射阀具有一个电磁线圈(10)，一个在关闭方向上由一个复位弹簧(23)加载的衔铁(20)，及一个与该衔铁(20)力锁合地形成连接的阀针(3)，在该阀针上构造有一个阀关闭体(4)，该阀关闭体与一个阀座面(6)共同构成一个密封座，其中，该衔铁(20)以一个衔铁止挡面(38)止挡在所述电磁线圈(10)的内磁极(13)的一个止挡面(39)上，且该衔铁止挡面(38)和/或该止挡面(39)设有一个涂层(40)，其特征为：该涂层(40)具有带有一些凸起区域(42)及一些凹入区域(43)的表面结构(41)，该涂层通过涂层方法形成，这些凸起区域(42)构造成球缺状，并且，在衔铁(20)的喷射侧的侧上设置有一个环状的阻尼元件(33)。
2.根据权利要求1的燃料喷射阀，其特征为：在这些凸起区域与凹入区域(42、43)之间的高度差被这样地确定大小，使得它大于这些凸起区域(42)的、由于负荷出现的磨损量。
3.根据权利要求2的燃料喷射阀，其特征为：该高度差在5μm至10μm之间。
4.根据权利要求1至3之一的燃料喷射阀，其特征为：所述涂层(40)由铬制成。
5.根据权利要求4的燃料喷射阀，其特征为：该涂层(40)由多个铬层构成。
CNB038255588A 2002-12-04 2003-07-02 燃料喷射阀 Expired - Fee Related CN100432418C (zh)

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JP2006022727A (ja) * 2004-07-08 2006-01-26 Aisan Ind Co Ltd 燃料噴射弁
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US8020789B2 (en) 2011-09-20
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WO2004051072A1 (de) 2004-06-17
JP2006509140A (ja) 2006-03-16
DE10256662A1 (de) 2004-06-17
CN1714235A (zh) 2005-12-28
US8656591B2 (en) 2014-02-25
EP1570170B1 (de) 2014-04-16

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