CN100430458C - 用于混合流体的混合装置、多反应床下流型反应器及应用 - Google Patents

用于混合流体的混合装置、多反应床下流型反应器及应用 Download PDF

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CN100430458C
CN100430458C CNB018203248A CN01820324A CN100430458C CN 100430458 C CN100430458 C CN 100430458C CN B018203248 A CNB018203248 A CN B018203248A CN 01820324 A CN01820324 A CN 01820324A CN 100430458 C CN100430458 C CN 100430458C
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阿里·P·登哈尔托赫
维莱姆·范弗利特
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Abstract

本发明涉及的在多反应床的下流型反应器中用于流体混合的混合装置(5)包括：(i)一个基本上为水平的收集板(6)；(ii)在收集板(6)下面的用于混合液体的漩涡室(7)，该漩涡室有一个直接与收集板(6)的上面(9)流体沟通的上端口部份，和一个在它下端的出口(10)，漩涡室(7)的长度至少是其内径的0.35倍；(iii)在漩涡室(7)下面的一个基本上为水平的分配板(13)，该分配板(13)设有下流的液体和气体的多个开口或下导管(14)。本发明还涉及一个具有这种混合装置的多反应床的下流型反应器，并且涉及该反应器用于烃类处理过程。

Description

用于混合流体的混合装置、多反应床下流型反应器及应用
技术领域
本发明涉及一个多反应床的下流型反应器的用于混合流体的混合装置，涉及一个具有这种装置的多反应床的下流型反应器，并且涉及在烃类处理时这种反应器的使用。
背景技术
一个多反应床下流型反应器是一个反应器，在该反应器内气体和液体同时向下流经一些一个在另一个下面的反应床。这种反应器用于化学工业和石油精炼工业的各种处理过程，比如催化脱蜡，氢化处理和氢化裂解。在这些工序中液相典型地与气相混合，并且混合液体流经反应床中的微粒催化剂。当这些液体同时通过一张反应床时，相对于反应范围以及温度分布，通过反应床的液体和气体的分布容易变得不均匀而导致不利的结果。为了获得均匀的液体和气体的分配，以及进入下一层反应床的液体的均匀温度分布，通常在反应床之间设置一液体混合装置，该混合装置有许多不同的类型。这些装置提供液体-液体，气体-气体和气体-液体混合，并且为下一层反应床上的混合流体提供了均匀的分配。
在技术上已知一些这样的流体混合装置。已知的流体混合装置，例如在EP 716 881，WO 97/46303，和WO 99/28024中公开，具有相对较低的垂直长度的优点，因此减小了该装置对空间和体积需求。
然而，发现这些已知的小尺度混合装置的缺点是，当气体和/或液体的装载量较大地偏离它们的正常值，也就是在较高的转弯-下降比下，流体的混合不是最佳的。在改进了反应器之后可以发生与正常值较大的偏离，比如，改进成行式处理工艺而反应器成为其中的一个部分，或者将现有的反应器用于不同的目的。
发明内容
因此，在技术上需要一些流体混合装置，为大范围的气体和液体装载量，即大的转变-下降比，提供较好的流体混合操作。本发明的一个目的就是，在大的转变-下降比的情况下，在混合装置的长度和混合操作性能之间找到一个最佳方案。
现已发现，使用在有一定长度直径比的漩涡室内进行液体-液体混合的混合装置，可以为大范围的气体和液体装载量提供极佳的混合操作，典型地是从正常装载量的33％到200％。
因此，本发明涉及的在多反应床的下流型反应器中用于流体混合的混合装置包括：
(i)一个基本上为水平的收集板；
(ii)在收集板下面的用于混合液体的漩涡室，该漩涡室有一个直接与收集板的上面流体连通的上端口部份，和一个在它下端的出口，而漩涡室的长度至少是其内径的0.35倍；
(iii)在漩涡室下面的一个基本上为水平的分配板，该分配板设有下流的液体和气体的多个开口或下导管。
为了获得最佳的液体混合，尤其在下降速比大的情况下，优选地漩涡室的长度至少是其内径的0.50倍，更优选地是其内径的0.65倍。为了限制混合装置的长度和它在反应器中所占的体积，漩涡室的长度通常不超过其内径的1.5倍。
这里的漩涡室的长度是指入口的最低点和其出口之间的垂直距离。在多边形漩涡室的情况下，它的内径是指在相对侧壁之间、通过漩涡室中轴线的最大横截面的距离。
根据本发明的混合装置可以有一个以上的漩涡室。优选地，它有一个漩涡室位于混合装置的中轴线。
本发明的混合装置的基本上为水平的收集板可以是弯曲的或锥形的，并且漩涡室的上端部份直接与收集板的最低点的上表面流体连通。这里所述的基本上为水平的板是指该板有与水平面垂直的对称轴线。优选地，收集板是平的。
优选地，收集板还设有气体的通道装置，其形式为至少一个下导管延伸穿过收集板，下导管提供位于收集板上部的气体进口和位于收集板下表面水平处或下面的出口。下导管最好在气体进口的上部设有一个液体的导流板。气体出口可以是轴向的或径向的。优选的，下导管有一个使用弯板的径向出口，为了将压力下降减到最小，该弯板将气体引导到径向出口。
为了多反应床下流型反应器的反应床之间对流出物冷却，混合装置可以进一步包括一个在收集板上方的分配急冷液体的装置。在技术上已知一些分配急冷液体的装置，如专利，EP 427733、US 3,787,189和US 3,855,068中有说明。
在漩涡室出口的下面，该混合装置有一个分配板，用于在液体进入下一反应床之前均匀地分配气体和液体。在技术上已知一些适当的分配板，如在EP 716 881，EP 715 544，和US 5,989,502中公开。优选的分配板是在EP 716 881中公开的。
本发明的混合装置可以更进一步包括在漩涡室和分配板之间的基本上为水平的预分配板。在技术上这种预分配板是已知的。在外形上预分配板可以是圆形，正方形或矩形的，最好它的直径比分配板的直径小。最好，在预分配板的周边有一个溢流堰。该板具有多个开孔，最好位于它的周边附近。有预分配板的优点是它使液体更均匀地散布到分配板上，并且有助于促进液体-液体交互作用，进而使液体平衡。
本发明进一步涉及具有垂直隔开反应床的多反应床下流型反应器，优选地是有催化剂颗粒的反应床，并且，在相邻的反应床之间有一个上述的混合装置。
这种反应器至少有一个气体和/或液体的进口，至少一个反应器流出物的出口，和至少二个连续的反应床，典型地是催化剂颗粒床，每个床装在一个支撑板上。在技术上这些适当的支撑板的结构是已知的。例如，普遍使用的支撑板包含一个或多个能透过的板，像装在支撑梁上的筛板，而催化剂床装在所述的能透过的板上。在催化剂床发生反应而形成的气体和液体产品通过所述的能透过的板，送到后面的催化剂床或反应器出口。这种反应器典型地用于烃类油的加氢处理。
在另一方面，本发明涉及多反应床的下流型反应器的使用，像上述的烃类处理，最好用于催化脱蜡，氢化处理，氢化裂解，或加氢脱硫处理。
附图说明
现在通过图1和2用举例的方式说明本发明的混合装置和反应器。在不同的附图中相似部份用相同的标号表示。
图1是根据本发明的反应器的局部的纵剖面图，示出根据本发明的混合装置的一个实施例和位于混合装置上下的催化剂床。
图2是图1所示的混合装置的气体下导管的纵剖面图，该剖面为通过图1的II-II线并且在与图1所示平面相垂直的平面内。
具体实施方式
在图1中，示出了多反应床反应器的侧壁1和两个相邻的催化剂床2a和2b的一部分。催化剂床2a和2b安装在筛板3上，被支撑梁支撑(未示出)。根据本发明的一个混合装置5位于催化剂床2a和2b之间。混合装置5包括一个平的水平收集板6和一个位于收集板6下面的漩涡室7。漩涡室7有一个直接与收集板6的上表面9流体连通的上开口端8，在它的下端有一个出口10，还有一个用于液体通过时扰动液体的装置11。混合装置5还包括气体通道装置，该装置有三个延伸穿过收集板6的气体下导管12(仅示出一个下导管)。位于漩涡室7的下面是一个有许多下导管14的分配板13，在漩涡室7和分配板15之间是一个有溢流堰16和多个开口17的预分配板15。混合装置还包括一急冷环18。
在图1所示的混合装置的正常操作期间，催化剂床2a的流出物被急冷环18的急冷流体冷却。流出的液体集中在收集板6上，并且通过上开口端8进入漩涡室7。在漩涡室7中，扰动装置11使液体产生漩涡运动。用于使液体产生漩涡运动的适当装置在技术上是已知的，例如一个切线的入口、旋转风扇、或者装在漩涡室的侧壁内表面的挡板、或类似装置。对液体加上的漩涡作用和漩涡室的长度相结合，导致在液体和气体通过量很宽范围内生产液体-液体极好的混合。根据本发明的混合装置的一个优点就是在漩涡室7中形成的液体-液体的混合程度实际上与气体的装载量无关。混合液体经由出口10离开漩涡室7。优选地，漩涡室7在出口附近具有风扇或类似装置(未示出)，以停止液体的漩涡运动，因此会增加扰动并进一步改善液体-液体的混合。
来自催化剂床2a的流出气体经由气体下导管12通过收集板6。部分流出气体可以经由漩涡室7通过收集板6。什么部分流出气体通过气体通道装置和什么部分通过漩涡室尤其取决于气体和液体的装载量，并且取决于漩涡室进口的大小、形状和位置，和气体通道装置的气体进口的大小、形状和位置。
作为替代方案，根据本发明的混合装置可以没有分开的气体通道，在这种情况下所有的流出气体将经过漩涡室而通过收集板。
根据本发明的混合装置，气体-气体混合物受到急冷，及由气体通过下导管气体12和/或漩涡室7的作用。
离开漩涡室7的液体集积在预分配板15，在那里经过开孔17向下到分配板13，或者有时，越过溢流堰16。气体被预分配板15改变方向而流到分配板13。
在分配板13，平衡的气体和液体被带到一起。分配板13有两个目的。第一，在液体进入下一层反应床2b之前，均匀地分配液体和气体，第二，它允许液体和气体之间相互接触，以提供液体-气体交互作用。
在图2中，更为详细地示出图1的一个气体下导管12。下导管12有一个在收集板6上面的气体进口19，一个径向的气体出口20，位于收集板6下面，位于气体进口19上面的流体导流板21，和一个弯曲的板22引导气体通过下导管到径向的气体出口20。

Claims (8)

1.一种在多反应床的下流型反应器中用于混合流体的混合装置，包括：
(i)一个基本上为水平的收集板；
(ii)在收集板下面的用于混合液体的漩涡室，该漩涡室有一个直接与收集板的上面流体连通的上端口部份，和一个在它下端的出口，漩涡室的长度至少是其内径的0.35倍；
(iii)在漩涡室下面的一个基本上为水平的分配板，该分配板设有下流的液体和气体的多个开口或下导管。
2.根据权利要求1的混合装置，其特征在于漩涡室的长度至少是其内径的0.50倍。
3.根据权利要求2的混合装置，其特征在于漩涡室的长度至少是其内径的0.65倍。
4.根据权利要求1-3中任一项的混合装置，其特征在于收集板还设有气体的通道装置，其形式为至少一个下导管延伸穿过收集板，下导管提供位于收集板上部的气体进口和位于收集板下表面水平处或下面的出口。
5.根据权利要求1-3中任一项的混合装置，其特征在于该混合装置还包括分配急冷流体的装置，该装置位于收集板上方。
6.根据权利要求1-3中任一项的混合装置，其特征在于，还包括在漩涡室和分配板之间的基本上为水平的预分配板。
7.一种多反应床下流型反应器，包括垂直隔开的多个反应床，并且，在相邻的反应床之间，有一个按照权利要求1-3中任一项所限定的混合装置。
8.根据权利要求7所述的多反应床下流型反应器用于烃类的加氢处理。
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