CN100418121C - 处理视频画面的方法与装置 - Google Patents

处理视频画面的方法与装置 Download PDF

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CN100418121C
CN100418121C CNB2004800367903A CN200480036790A CN100418121C CN 100418121 C CN100418121 C CN 100418121C CN B2004800367903 A CNB2004800367903 A CN B2004800367903A CN 200480036790 A CN200480036790 A CN 200480036790A CN 100418121 C CN100418121 C CN 100418121C
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塞巴斯蒂恩·韦特布鲁克
西德里克·特博尔特
英戈·多瑟
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InterDigital CE Patent Holdings SAS
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    • G09G3/288Control arrangements or circuits, of interest only in connection with visual indicators other than cathode-ray tubes for presentation of an assembly of a number of characters, e.g. a page, by composing the assembly by combination of individual elements arranged in a matrix no fixed position being assigned to or needed to be assigned to the individual characters or partial characters using controlled light sources using luminous gas-discharge panels, e.g. plasma panels using AC panels
    • G09G3/291Control arrangements or circuits, of interest only in connection with visual indicators other than cathode-ray tubes for presentation of an assembly of a number of characters, e.g. a page, by composing the assembly by combination of individual elements arranged in a matrix no fixed position being assigned to or needed to be assigned to the individual characters or partial characters using controlled light sources using luminous gas-discharge panels, e.g. plasma panels using AC panels controlling the gas discharge to control a cell condition, e.g. by means of specific pulse shapes
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    • G09G3/34Control arrangements or circuits, of interest only in connection with visual indicators other than cathode-ray tubes for presentation of an assembly of a number of characters, e.g. a page, by composing the assembly by combination of individual elements arranged in a matrix no fixed position being assigned to or needed to be assigned to the individual characters or partial characters by control of light from an independent source
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    • G09G3/2007Display of intermediate tones
    • G09G3/2018Display of intermediate tones by time modulation using two or more time intervals
    • G09G3/2022Display of intermediate tones by time modulation using two or more time intervals using sub-frames
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    • GPHYSICS
    • G09EDUCATION; CRYPTOGRAPHY; DISPLAY; ADVERTISING; SEALS
    • G09GARRANGEMENTS OR CIRCUITS FOR CONTROL OF INDICATING DEVICES USING STATIC MEANS TO PRESENT VARIABLE INFORMATION
    • G09G3/00Control arrangements or circuits, of interest only in connection with visual indicators other than cathode-ray tubes
    • G09G3/20Control arrangements or circuits, of interest only in connection with visual indicators other than cathode-ray tubes for presentation of an assembly of a number of characters, e.g. a page, by composing the assembly by combination of individual elements arranged in a matrix no fixed position being assigned to or needed to be assigned to the individual characters or partial characters
    • G09G3/22Control arrangements or circuits, of interest only in connection with visual indicators other than cathode-ray tubes for presentation of an assembly of a number of characters, e.g. a page, by composing the assembly by combination of individual elements arranged in a matrix no fixed position being assigned to or needed to be assigned to the individual characters or partial characters using controlled light sources
    • G09G3/28Control arrangements or circuits, of interest only in connection with visual indicators other than cathode-ray tubes for presentation of an assembly of a number of characters, e.g. a page, by composing the assembly by combination of individual elements arranged in a matrix no fixed position being assigned to or needed to be assigned to the individual characters or partial characters using controlled light sources using luminous gas-discharge panels, e.g. plasma panels
    • HELECTRICITY
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    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
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    • Y10S348/91Flicker reduction

Abstract

本发明提供了一种处理视频画面的方法,该视频画面包含数字编码的像素,数字代码字确定了其间激活显示器中的相应像素的时间周期的长度,其中对于数字代码字中的每个位,分配被称为子场的特定激活时长,根据给定代码字的子场时长的总和确定其间激活相应像素的时间周期的长度,该方法包含以下步骤:检测视频画面源模式以及画面之间的奇偶性;如果该源处于电影模式,则在三个子场组中分布用于两个帧光栅的子场总数,并且向像素值分配在该三个子场组上分布有效子场周期的代码字。本发明适用于基于占空度调制原理的所有类型显示器。

Description

处理视频画面的方法与装置
技术领域
本发明涉及一种处理视频画面、尤其是但不排它的电影模式序列中的视频画面的方法与装置。本发明尤其涉及一种改进在诸如等离子显示器面板(PDP)之类的矩阵显示器、具有数字微镜阵列(DMD)的显示器设备、以及基于占空度调制(光发射的脉冲宽度调制)原理的各种显示器上显示的画面的画面质量的视频处理方法。
背景技术
将与等离子显示器面板相关地描述本发明。等离子显示器面板利用放电单元的矩阵阵列,这些放电单元只能被切换为导通或截至。另外,与其中灰度电平可以由对光发射的模拟控制来表示的CRT或LCD不同,在PDP中,通过调制每帧的光脉冲数目来控制灰度电平。人眼将在与人眼时间反应相对应的周期上对该时间调制进行积分。
对于静态画面,该时间调制重复自身,其基本频率等于所显示视频规范的帧频率。从CRT技术中可知,基本频率为50Hz的光发射会引入大面积的闪烁,这可以由100Hz CRT电视接收机中的场重复来消除。
与CRT相反(其中光发射占空度非常短),对于中等灰度,PDP中的光发射占空度为~50%。这减少了频谱中50Hz频率分量的幅度,以及因此减少了大面积闪烁假象,但由于PDP的较大尺寸以及PDP具有较大视角,所以就画面质量而言,即使减少了的大面积闪烁也会让人生厌。目前PDP的尺寸与亮度逐渐增大的趋势将来也会使该问题更加严重。
为了避免PDP中的大面积闪烁假象,已在申请人为Deutsche ThomsonBrandt的EP专利申请Nr 0982708中提出了一种特定视频处理方法。在下文中将更详细地描述该方法,其包含为帧周期优化子场组织。帧的子场被组织为两个连续子场组,并且向像素值分配代码字,其将有效子场周期平等地分布在这两个子场组上。如果为所谓的相机模式源优化了这个解决方案,则在电影模式源的情况下,可以实现特定的优化,以提高整体画面性能。
发明内容
本发明包含减少PDP中的大面积闪烁假象、尤其是为由电影模式源提供的视频信号减少PDP中的大面积闪烁假象而不产生大量额外成本的方法与装置。
因此本发明包含一种处理视频画面的方法,该视频画面包含数字编码的像素,数字代码字确定了其间激活显示器中相应像素的时间周期的长度,其中对于数字代码字的每个位,分配被称为子场的特定激活时长,根据给定代码字的子场时长的总和确定了其间激活相应像素的时间周期的长度,该方法包含以下步骤:
检测视频画面源模式以及画面之间的奇偶性;
如果该源为电影模式,则在三个子场组中分布用于两个帧光栅的子场总数;以及
向像素值分配在三个子场组上分布有效子场周期的代码字。
根据一个实施例,每一个子场组包含数目相同或相差一的多个子场。
根据另一个实施例,至少在最重要子场方面,所述三个子场组具有相同的结构,或者至少在最不重要子场方面,所述三个子场组具有相同的结构。
根据本发明的另一特征,在检测到源类型之间的变化之后的下一帧处,进行从用于相机模式的编码到用于电影模式的编码的编码改变。然而,使用以下步骤,进行从用于电影模式的编码到用于相机模式的编码的编码改变:
如果在两帧光栅中,第一画面处于电影模式且第二画面处于相机模式,则在第二帧的开始处添加具有对应于缺失能量的权重的子场,以获得正确的第一画面;
利用子场总数小于通常总数的两个子场组来编码第二画面;
利用子场总数等于通常总数的两个子场组来编码以后的画面。
本发明还涉及一种处理视频画面的装置,该视频画面包含数字编码的像素,数字代码字确定了其间激活显示器中的相应像素的时间周期的长度,其中对于数字代码字的每个位,分配被称为子场的特定激活时长,根据给定代码字的子场时长的总和确定其间激活相应像素的时间周期的长度,所述装置包含:伽马块(1),来自该伽马块的信号被并行地发送到传统信号处理电路以及模式检测块(3),来自模式检测块的信号被发送到编码选择块(4),编码选择块将选择信号送往包含各种编码LUT(查找表)的块(5)以选择正确的LUT。
附图说明
在附图中显示了并且在以下说明书中更详细地解释了本发明的示范实施例。
在附图中:
图1示出了用于说明如EP A 0982708所述、在相机模式源上使用的编码构思的图示。
图2示出了EP A 0982708中开发的、用于电影模式源的编码构思的图示。
图3示出了根据本发明一个实施例的新的子场组织。
图4示出了根据本发明另一个实施例的新的子场组织。
图5示出了图4的子场组织用于电影模式源的图示。
图6示出了从相机模式到电影模式编码的切换。
图7为其中混合相机模式与电影模式的画面。
图8为当混合相机模式与电影模式时所面临的问题的表示。
图9示出了用于将模式从电影模式切换回相机模式的特定解决方案。
图10显示图9中使用的子场组织。
图11为用于实现本发明的装置的示意图。
具体实施方式
在相机模式源的情况下参考图1,并且在电影模式源的情况下参考图2解释EP 0982708中使用的构思。
如图1所示,对于50Hz视频标准中的20ms帧周期,已经将子场的数目选择为14。实际上,60Hz的帧周期为16.6ms,其比50Hz视频标准大,从而允许寻址更多的子场。在这种情况下,如EP 0982708所述,将子场构造为每组7个子场的两组,其称为第一组与第二组。在图1的示例中,两个子场组被编码为1-2-6-12-20-30-43与1-4-9-16-25-36-50。根据另一实施例,这两个子场组在最重要子场方面可以相同、并且在最不重要子场方面可以不同。因此,当该构思用于平板面板上的输入画面时,如图1所示,从画面K到K+3每隔20ms改变黑色字母“E”,该字母每次移动两个像素,因为输入帧速率已经被分解为两个子部分,每个子部分包含类似的子场结构,所以该编码产生了对帧频率的人为翻倍。根据该构思,人眼所感知的新主频率不再是50Hz,而是100Hz,这几乎是不能察觉的。
在图2中,已经将相同的构思应用于电影模式源。在电影行业,按照每秒24个图像的低速率(24Hz)拍摄逐行画面。在剧院里,主要是重复这些画面以便人为地增加刷新速率,从而抑制来自大面积闪烁的任何不便之处。在欧洲,用于广播的公共刷新速率为50Hz隔行。因此,将稍微快一些地显示电影(比例为25/24),以便每秒处理25个完整画面。最后,这些25个画面中的每个都被重复两次,以达到每秒50个画面(50Hz)。最终,通过简单地从已转换的序列中抽取奇数行与偶数行,来进行该50Hz格式到用于广播的隔行的转换。奇数行与偶数行从同一逐行画面中抽取,以便可以通过简单地重新组合奇数行与偶数行而容易地转换回逐行。该解交织方法主要被称为“场插入”。为了做到这一点,重要地是检测该序列是否为电影模式序列,以及应该将哪些场匹配在一起(奇偶检测)。实际上,场之间的错误组合会具有严重后果。分析场内运动就能进行电影模式检测与奇偶检测。但是来自同一源的两个场将具有许多相似之处。因此,对于电影模式格式,场内运动分析的结果会导致以下结果:没有运动-有运动-没有运动-有运动-没有运动-有运动...。
图2示出了上述构思在电影模式序列上的使用。该构思基于在20ms帧光栅中包含的两个子场组。图2示出画面K与画面K+1相同,且画面K+2与画面K+3相同。因此,经优化的子场结构可以在画面K与画面K+1两者上扩展。因此,在电影模式材料的情况下,可以使用40ms帧光栅,这是因为在从奇数场与偶数场发出的两个输入画面之间没有运动。通过分析两个连续画面之间的运动,可以容易地检测出这种情况。
本发明提出:一旦检测出电影模式序列,则在40ms帧光栅上使用特定电影模式编码。根据本发明,两个帧中所使用的子场总数被分为三个子场组,每个组具有相同或不相同数目的子场。在该情况下,新的帧频为75Hz(3组/40ms)。这能够为当前应用充分地减少闪烁,并且在子场选择方面给出更高的灵活性。在本发明中,有40ms用于三个子场组。利用这样的方式,有可能找到在伪轮廓行为(false contour behavior)与灰度描画(gray scaleprotrayal)方面好得多的编码。
在图3与图4中,给出了本发明构思的两个示例。在这两个情况下,都在20ms帧光栅中使用14个子场结构。因此,在40ms帧光栅上,确切有28个子场而没有任何亮度方面的损失。
图3示出了利用28个子场且让主要MSB相等的、本发明构思的可能实现的示例。只有某些LSB是不同的。第一组包含10个子场,而另两个组每组只包含9个子场。
该示例的权重再次如下所示给出:
组1:0.5-1-4-5-6-7-10-13-17-21(10个子场)
组2:2-4-5-6-7-10-13-17-21(9个子场)
组3:3-4-5-6-7-10-13-17-21(9个子场)
所有权重的总和等于255.5。
在这个示例中,对于中等灰度与高灰度电平绝对没有闪烁,但是在低电平上可以看到闪烁,这是因为仅每隔40ms重复权重0.5,1,2,与3。
图4示出利用28个子场且让主要LSB相等的、本发明构思的可能实现的示例。只有剩余的MSB是不同的。第一组包含10个子场,而另两个组每组只包含9个子场。
该示例的权重再次如下所示给出:
组1:0.5-1-2-3-5-7-10-13-17-22(10个子场)
组2:0.5-1-2-3-6-10-15-20-26(9个子场)
组3:0.5-1-2-3-6-11-16-22-30(9个子场)
所有权重的总和等于255.5。
在该示例中,对于低灰度电平绝对没有闪烁,并且还可能通过简单地选择其代码字以最小化链接到低频(25Hz与50Hz)的傅立叶分量,而在其他电平上几乎没有闪烁。
将使用最后一个例子用于进一步的解释。
在图5中示出了该新构思在电影模式序列上的使用。在该图中,画面序列是这样以致画面K与画面K+1相同,并且画面K+2与画面K+3相同。每组两个画面的画面组在40ms帧光栅上显示。该新构思基于包含在40ms帧光栅中的3个子场组,即组1、组2、以及组3。因为在从这个40ms周期内的奇数与偶数场发出的两个输入画面之间没有运动,所以已优化的子场结构可以在两个相同画面上扩展。如在40ms帧光栅中,第一与第二画面相同;仅仅用3组的所有子场编码第一画面。
在该示例中,这三组分别具有10个子场、9个子场、和9个子场。子场的权重与图4中的那些相同。然而,显然子场的总数可以或可以不必平等地分为3组。按组选择子场数目以及子场权重的唯一规则是避免低频闪烁(24或25Hz),这可以通过傅立叶分析预计到。
将参考图6至9描述由模式改变而导致的问题。
上述相机模式方案基于在完整输入帧(20ms)内包含的编码。因此,如图6所示,可以在下一帧处简单地进行从相机模式到电影模式的任何改变。画面K处于相机模式下。因此,其用两个子场组在20ms上编码。在画面K与画面K+1之间检测到模式改变。画面K+1与画面K+2相同,而画面K+3不同于画面K+2。因此,可以进行在40ms帧光栅中对三个子场组的电影模式编码。然而,反之则不然。
可能需要从电影模式迅速切换回相机模式。即例如,为电影模式源的混合模式材料的情况,其中后来以相机模式格式添加了某些信息(例如在广播级别处添加了滚动条(ticker-tape))。图7中示出了这样的滚动条序列。图7示出了混合模式的情况,其中已经在电影模式材料上添加了以相机模式的文本。在该图中,示出了组合在一起的两场(奇数与偶数)。容易看出在背景中没有场内运动,而在文本上有场内运动(字母的齿性外观)。如果在混合模式材料上使用特定电影模式子场编码,则客户会看到这一画面外观:文本变得无法阅读。
图8中说明了这一错误情况,其中正确检测了模式改变,但是等待从一种模式切换到另一种模式直至显示了来自电影模式编码的所有子场为止。在图8的左面部分,来自电影模式源的、称为画面K的画面在扩展于40ms帧光栅上的三个子场组上编码。即使在画面K与画面K+1之间检测到模式改变,也会将画面K+1编码为与画面K相同。只有在40ms帧光栅结束处,模式才切换到相机模式。画面K+2与画面K+3每个都以20ms帧光栅的形式在两个子场组上编码。在该情况下,必须迅速切换回相机模式,并且即使在场内这也可能发生。本发明提出了一种特定解决方案,其使得即使在扩展于40ms帧光栅上的三个子场组的编码的中间,也能够从电影模式编码返回到相机模式编码。
图9与10说明了该构思。图9说明了用于将编码从电影模式专用解决方案迅速切换回到通用相机模式解决方案的新构思,而且图10更专注于从电影模式到相机模式的即时变换。
首先,假定在画面K+1上已经检测到相机模式情况,而对于画面K与画面K+1两者都使用了电影模式编码。一旦检测到画面K+1,就必须结束画面K的显示。然而,在电影模式编码的情况下,使用255.5个电平来呈现两个画面,因此128个足以呈现画面K。因此,在画面K+1的开始处,将使用能够终结用于画面K的128个所需电平的子场。利用以下子场结构会作到这一点:
用于画面K的时间(20ms)使得能够显示以下子场:
组1:0.5-1-2-3-5-7-10-13-17-22
组2的开始:0.5-1-2-3-6-10-15
这对应于118个视频电平的总和。因此,必须在帧K+1的开始处添加与缺失能量相对应的权重10的子场,以正确地呈现画面K。使用特定的LUT(查找表),以在帧K+1的开始处进行该电平的编码。然后,对于画面K+1,使用基于255个电平但是其中用二去除子场总数的子场代码。然而,将使用较少的子场,这是因为帧K+1中的部分仍然由来自画面K的一个子场占据。以下给出了基于12个子场的、这样的可能编码:
1-4-8-17-37-64-//-2-5-11-23-34-49
因此,最终在图10中给出用于两个画面K与K+1的结构。
本发明在图11所示的装置中实现。输入的R、G、B画面被转发给伽马块1,其执行以
Figure C20048003679000101
形式的二次函数,其中γ大约为2.2,MAX表示最高可能输入值。在12位上进行输出以便能够正确地呈现低电平。
伽马块1的输出被转发给两个不同的块:
抖动功能快2,其使得能够正确地呈现视频(更多可见电平);
电影模式检测块3,其执行对当前输入视频格式的检测;
电影模式检测块3的输出被转发给编码选择块4,其处理编码的正确选择:
对于相机模式方案,用20ms帧光栅中的两个子场组编码;
对于相机模式选择,用40ms帧光栅中的三个子场组编码;
当在场内从电影模式到相机模式时,特定切换模式。
一旦选择了正确的编码,块5就选择正确的LUT(查找表)以便编码子场中的视频,其然后被转发给PDP屏幕6。
本发明不限于所公开的实施例。各种修改都是可能的并且被认为是落入了权利要求的范围之内。例如,所用子场的数目与权重可以在各个实现之间改变。
工业实用性
通过使用用于灰电平变化的PWM型控制来控制的所有类型显示器都可以结合本发明使用。

Claims (8)

1. 一种处理视频画面、并且将视频画面显示在脉冲宽度调制驱动的显示器设备上的方法,该视频画面包含数字编码的像素,数字代码字确定了激活显示器中的相应像素的时间周期的长度,其中对于数字代码字的每个位,分配了被称为子场的特定激活时长,根据给定代码字的子场时长的总和确定了激活相应像素的时间周期的长度,该方法包含以下步骤:
检测视频画面源模式以及画面之间的奇偶性;
如果该视频画面源处于电影模式,则将用于两个帧光栅的子场总数分布于三个子场组中,并且向像素值分配与有效子场周期在这三个子场组上的分布相对应的代码字;以及
如果该视频画面源处于相机模式,则将用于每个帧光栅的子场总数分布于两个子场组中,并且向像素值分配与有效子场周期在这两个子场组上的分布相对应的代码字。
2. 如权利要求1所述的方法,其中所述三个子场组中的每一个子场组或所述两个子场组中的每一个子场组包含彼此之间数目相同或相差一个的多个子场。
3. 如权利要求1所述的方法,其中至少在最重要子场方面,所述电影模式下的三个子场组或所述相机模式下的两个子场组具有相同的结构。
4. 如权利要求1所述的方法,其中至少在最不重要子场方面,所述三个子场组具有相同的结构。
5. 如权利要求1所述的方法,其中通过分析场内运动来进行所述对视频画面源模式和画面之间的奇偶性的检测。
6. 如权利要求1所述的方法,其中在检测到该视频画面源类型之间的改变之后的下一帧处,进行从用于相机模式的编码到用于电影模式的编码的编码改变。
7. 如权利要求1至5中任一项所述的方法,其中进行从用于电影模式的编码到用于相机模式的编码改变使用以下步骤进行:
如果在两帧光栅中,第一画面处于电影模式且第二画面处于相机模式,则在第二画面的帧的开始处,添加具有这样的权重的子场,以便第一画面的帧的子场和该子场的总激活时长基本等于相机模式画面的两个子场组中的子场的总激活时长;
使用两个子场组来编码第二画面,这两个子场组的子场总数小于用于相机模式画面的子场总数,而且这两个子场组的总激活时长等于用于显示相机模式画面的时间周期;
使用两个子场组来编码以后的画面,这两个子场组的子场总数具有等于用于显示相机模式画面的时间周期的总激活时长。
8. 一种装置,特征在于其用来实现如权利要求1至7中任一项所述的方法
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