CN100440280C - 用于处理在显示设备上显示的视频数据的方法和设备 - Google Patents

用于处理在显示设备上显示的视频数据的方法和设备 Download PDF

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CN100440280C
CN100440280C CNB2003801085882A CN200380108588A CN100440280C CN 100440280 C CN100440280 C CN 100440280C CN B2003801085882 A CNB2003801085882 A CN B2003801085882A CN 200380108588 A CN200380108588 A CN 200380108588A CN 100440280 C CN100440280 C CN 100440280C
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锡德里克·特博尔特
卡洛斯·科雷亚
塞巴斯蒂恩·韦特布吕什
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    • G09GARRANGEMENTS OR CIRCUITS FOR CONTROL OF INDICATING DEVICES USING STATIC MEANS TO PRESENT VARIABLE INFORMATION
    • G09G3/00Control arrangements or circuits, of interest only in connection with visual indicators other than cathode-ray tubes
    • G09G3/20Control arrangements or circuits, of interest only in connection with visual indicators other than cathode-ray tubes for presentation of an assembly of a number of characters, e.g. a page, by composing the assembly by combination of individual elements arranged in a matrix no fixed position being assigned to or needed to be assigned to the individual characters or partial characters
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    • G09G3/2007Display of intermediate tones
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Abstract

在具有运动图片和静态图片的应用的情况下,将更有效地抑制传统矩阵抖动的可视图案。因此,提出了在抖动块(12)中非周期地改变抖动图案。这可以由随机发生器(13)来实现,随机发生器(13)可以由运动检测器(14)激活。运动检测器(14)使得能根据运动或静态图片独立地交替抖动函数。

Description

用于处理在显示设备上显示的视频数据的方法和设备
技术领域
本发明涉及一种用于处理在具有多个发光元件的显示设备上显示的视频数据的方法,该方法通过将抖动函数应用到所述视频数据的至少一部分,来改进所述视频数据的视频图片的灰度级表现。此外,本发明涉及包括抖动装置的、用于处理视频数据的对应设备。
背景技术
PDP(等离子显示面板)使用只能是“开”或“关”的、放电单元的矩阵阵列。不像在CRT或LCD中那样由发光模拟控制来表示灰度等级,PDP通过调制每帧的光脉冲(维持脉冲)来控制灰度等级。将通过眼睛在对应于眼睛时间响应的时间段上来合成(integrate)该时间调制。由于视频幅度由以给定频率发生的光脉冲的数量来描述,更大的幅度意味着更多的光脉冲,从而更多的“开”时间。由于这个原因,这种类型的调制又被称为PWM(脉宽调制)。
这种PWM要对一个PDP图像质量问题负责:尤其在图片的较暗区域中的低灰度级表现质量。这是由于这样的事实,显示的亮度与脉冲的数量成线性关系,但眼睛对噪声的响应和敏感度不是线性的。眼睛在较暗区域中比在较亮区域中更敏感。这意味着即使现代的PDP可以显示ca.255离散视频电平,在较暗区域中,量化误差也将是非常容易察觉的。
如上所述,PDP使用PWM(脉宽调制)来产生不同的灰度色调。CRT则相反,在CRT中,亮度与所施加的阴极电压成近似二次关系,亮度与放电脉冲的数量成线性关系。因此,在PWM之前不得不对视频应用近似数字二次伽马函数。
由于该伽马函数,对于较小的视频电平,多个输入电平被映射到同一输出电平。换句话说,对于较暗区域,量化比特的输出数量小于输入数量,特别是小于16的值(当以8比特视频输入工作时)都被映射为0。这对于视频实际上无法接收的四比特分辨率也是一样的。
一个已知的改善显示的图片的质量的解决方案是通过使用抖动来人为地增加显示的视频电平的数量。抖动是一种已知的技术,用于避免由于截断而导致放松(loose)幅度分辨率比特。然而,该技术仅仅当在截断步骤前可以得到所要求的分辨率时才有效。由于伽马操作后的、用于视频信号的预校正的视频数据具有16比特分辨率,因此通常这是在多数应用中的情况。理论上,抖动可以恢复与由于截断所失去的比特同样多的比特。然而,抖动噪声的频率和抖动比特数量降低,从而变得更容易察觉。
通过下面例子来说明抖动的概念。将通过抖动减少大小为1的量化级。抖动技术使用人眼的时间合成特性。可以通过使用1比特抖动将量化级减少到0.5。因此,在人眼的时间响应内的一半时间中显示值1,并且一半时间中显示值0。结果,眼睛看到值0.5。或者,量化级也可以减少到0.25。这样的抖动需要两比特。为了获得值0.25,在四分之一的时间中显示值1,而在四分之三的时间中显示值0。为了获得值0.5,在四分之二的时间中显示值1,而在四分之二的时间中显示值0。类似地,可以产生值0.75。以同样的方式,可以通过使用3比特抖动来获得0.125的量化级。这意味着1比特的抖动对应于可用输出电平的数量的2倍,2比特的抖动对应于4倍,并且3比特的抖动对应于输出电平的数量的8倍。需要最小3比特的抖动来给予灰度级表现一个“CRT”的外观。
文献中提出的抖动方法(如误差扩散)主要是被开发出来以改善静止图像(传真应用和报纸照片描绘)的质量。因此获得的结果对PDP并不是最佳的。
目前为止最适于PDP的抖动是在欧洲专利申请EP-A-1 136 974中描述的基于放电单元(cell)的抖动和在申请号为01 250 199.5的欧洲专利申请中描述的多掩码(mask)抖动,其改善了灰度级表现,但是增加了高频率低幅度的抖动噪声。这里参考这两个文件。
如图1所示,基于放电单元的抖动添加了时间抖动图案,该时间抖动图案是为每个面板放电单元而不是为每个面板像素定义的。面板像素由三个放电单元组成:红色、绿色和蓝色放电单元。这样的优点在于,使抖动噪声表现得更细微,从而观看者不易察觉。
因为以放电单元方式定义抖动图案,所以为了避免当一个放电单元在另一色彩的相邻放电单元中扩散时发生的图片的着色(colouring),不能使用如误差扩散这样的技术。代替使用误差扩散,提出了静态三维抖动图案。
该静态三维抖动是基于眼睛的空间(二维x和y)和时间(第三维t)合成。对下面的说明,矩阵抖动可以表示为具有三个变量的函数:三个参数x,y和t将表示一种抖动的相位。
Figure C20038010858800052
Figure C20038010858800053
是周期性的)。现在,根据要重构的比特的数量,可以改变这三个状态的周期。对于每个帧,每个函数
Figure C20038010858800054
表示一种(二维的)抖动图案。
图2图解了三维矩阵概念。在图片上显示的值对于在垂直和水平方向上的每个等离子放电单元轻微地改变。此外,值对于每个帧也改变。
在图2的例子中,对于在时间t0显示的帧,给出下面的抖动值:
Figure C20038010858800057
Figure C20038010858800058
一帧过后,在时间t0+1的抖动值为:
Figure C20038010858800059
Figure C200380108588000510
Figure C200380108588000511
Figure C200380108588000512
眼睛的空间分辨率好到足以看到固定的静态图案A、B、A、B,但如果以交错函数的形式加入第三维(即时间),则眼睛将只能看到每个放电单元的平均值。
将考虑位于位置(x0,y0)的放电单元的情况。该放电单元的值将如下随着帧改变:
Figure C200380108588000513
Figure C200380108588000515
等等。
则几微秒的眼睛时间响应(时间合成)可以由下式表示:
Figure C200380108588000516
在本例中,导出
Eye ( x 0 , y 0 ) = A + B 2
应当注意的是,当在时间上合成时,提出的图案对所有面板放电单元总是给出同样的值。如果不是这样的话,在一些情况下,一些放电单元可能获得相对其他放电单元的幅度偏移,这对应于不期望的、固定的、假(spurious)静态图案。
在等离子屏幕上显示运动物体的同时,人眼将跟随该物体,并且不再在时间上合成同一等离子(PDP)单元。在这种情况下,第三维将不再很好地起作用,并且可以看到抖动图案。
为了更好地理解这个问题,如图3所示,将考虑下面的运动的例子
Figure C20038010858800061
其表示每帧一个像素在x方向上的运动。在这种情况下,眼睛在时间t0将只看(x0,y0),然后在时间t0+1它将跟随像素(x0+1,y0)的运动,依次类推。在这种情况下,将如下定义眼睛看到的放电单元:
Figure C20038010858800062
其对应于
Eye = 1 T ( A + A + . . . + A ) = A
在这种情况下,抖动的第三维方面将不会正确工作,并且只有空间抖动可用。这种效果将使得抖动取决于运动而或多或少地可见。抖动图案不再被空间和时间眼睛合成所隐藏。尤其是,对于某些运动,可能出现难看的图案。当将要显示的图片已经包含抖动时,由于同样的原因,也会出现同类的问题。这是某些PC应用的情况。然后两个抖动可能相互干扰,同样产生强的固定图案。
发明内容
由此,本发明的目标是提供一种具有改进的抖动函数的方法和设备。
根据本发明,该目标通过一种用于处理在具有多个发光元件的显示设备上显示的视频数据的方法来解决,该方法包括步骤:将抖动函数应用到所述视频数据的至少一部分,来改进所述视频数据的视频图片的灰度级表现;提供非周期性的调制函数;以及当将所述抖动函数应用到所述视频数据的至少一部分时,根据所述调制函数来改变所述抖动函数的相位或幅度。
此外,根据本发明,提供一种用于处理在具有多个发光元件的显示设备上显示的视频数据的设备,包括:抖动装置,用于将抖动函数应用到所述视频数据的至少一部分,来改进所述视频数据的视频图片的灰度级表现,其中,所述抖动装置包括调制元件,用于使用非周期性的调制函数调制抖动函数的相位或者幅度。
发明的调制函数使能当出现静态或运动图片时观看者更不易察觉的抖动。其原因在于,人眼将不会合成、抖动函数的周期性图案。
最好,调制函数包括随机函数。该随机函数使得抖动图案非周期性地出现。这意味着在给定的时间抖动图案随机出现,从而观看者将不会觉察到难看的图案。
该抖动函数除了由调制函数给出的时间维之外,还可以包括两个空间维。这种结构允许高级的矩阵抖动。
最好,抖动函数是1、2、3和/或4比特的抖动函数。所使用的比特的数量取决于处理能力。通常,3比特的抖动是足够的,使得大多数量化噪声不可见。
如上面已经提到的,应当在抖动过程前由二次伽马函数执行预校正。因此,在抖动的帮助下,也减少了由伽马函数校正所产生的量化误差。
可以通过以图片帧的节奏控制抖动来引入抖动函数的时间分量。因此,不必提供额外的同步。
根据本发明的抖动可以以基于放电单元的抖动和/或多掩码抖动为基础,其在于添加为每个等离子放电单元而不是为每个像素定义的抖动信号。此外,还可以为每个视频电平最优化该抖动。这使得抖动噪声更细微,更难以被观看者察觉。
通过使用运动估计器来改变对于每个放电单元的抖动函数的相位或其他参数,可以获得抖动图案对图片的运动的适应性,以便抑制为特定运动而出现的抖动结构。在这种情况下,即使眼睛跟随着运动,抖动的质量也将保持恒定,并且在运动情况下的抖动图案也将得到抑制。此外,本发明可以与任何类型的矩阵抖动合并。
附图说明
在附图中图解本发明的示范性实施例,并且在下面的描述中更详细地对其进行说明。在附图中:
图1显示基于像素的抖动和基于放电单元的抖动的原理;
图2图解三维矩阵抖动的概念;
图3显示当应用三维矩阵抖动时眼睛对运动图片的合成的原理;和
图4显示根据本发明的算法的硬件实现的方框图。
具体实施方式
下面的实施例目标在于消除在运动期间以基于放电单元的抖动出现的抖动图案,以便与差错扩散相比仅仅具有优点。这将通过使用抖动图案的随机序列取代现有技术中的预定序列来实现。由于这个原理,对于静态和运动图片总体图像质量是一样的。
使用随机图案序列的矩阵抖动
固定矩阵抖动的问题是由于其完全明确的结构。为了避免该问题,抖动必须更加不可预测,并且其结构必须更加复杂。为了得到这个结果,将要施加到图片的抖动图案可以随机地交替,以便实现矩阵抖动随机图案序列。可以通过使用随机函数t→ρ(t)代替t来实现。新的抖动函数将由
Figure C20038010858800081
定义。因此,将抖动值
Figure C20038010858800082
赋予每个三维向量(x,y,t)。
这可以通过例子的方式来说明。
模2。此外,根据图3,假设A=0且B=1来产生0.5的电平。
如果没有运动,对于给定的像素眼睛将看到0和1的时间序列。并且如果例如有1像素/帧的运动,如之前所述,眼睛将取决于像素而连续地看到0或1。
根据优选实施例,使用随机函数ρ,该函数对于t=t0...t23...取下列值:ρ(t0),ρ(t1)...,ρ(t23)...=1,1,0,1,0,0,1,0,1,1,0,0,0,1,0,0,1,1,1,0,0,0,1,1...。由于只有两种不同的抖动图案,因此随机生成器生成值1和1。
如果没有运动,眼睛将看到序列:1,1,0,1,0,0,1,0,1,1,0,0,0,1,0,0,1,1,1,0,0,0,1,1(或者取决于像素,为逆序列:0,0,1,0,1,1,0,1,0,0,1,1,1,0,1,1,0,0,0,1,1,1,0,0)。然而,如果例如有1像素/帧的运动,眼睛将看到结果序列:1,0,0,0,0,1,1,1,1,0,0,1,0,0,0,1,1,0,1,1,0,1,1,0(或者取决于像素,为逆序列:0,1,1,1,1,0,0,0,0,1,1,0,1,1,1,0,0,1,0,0,1,0,0,1)。通过采用随机函数的第一值、反随机函数的第二值、随机函数的第三值等等,来获得结果序列。
该序列对任何运动看起来都是类似的。它将总是具有与原始的抖动序列相同的特性。
对于1像素/帧的运动,抖动的时间频率将不如对于静态图片的那样高,从而将出现较低的频率。这意味着抖动将更容易察觉。但是抖动仍然将正确运作,并且静态和运动的图片的抖动的质量之间将没有差别。相比标准的基于放电单元的抖动,静态图片看起来噪声更多,但对于大多数运动图片则要好的多。
或者,可以采用运动检测器或者估计器来决定是否不得不使用随机抖动来替代标准抖动。随机抖动应当用于运动图片,而标准抖动应用于静态图片。
最好,实现3比特抖动,使得高达8帧用于抖动。如果用于抖动的帧的数量增加,则抖动的频率可能过低,因此出现闪烁。主要地提供具有8帧循环和2D空间分量的3比特抖动。在这种情况下,由于使用8个抖动图案,因此随机生成器生成值0到7。
图3图解该算法的可能实现。由信号R0、G0和B0表示的RGB输入图片被传送到伽马函数块10。它可以由查找表(LUT)组成,或者可以由数学函数构成。伽马函数块10的输出R1、G1和B1被传送到抖动块12,该抖动块12考虑像素位置和由随机生成器13给出的随机值ρ,用于根据上面的等式计算抖动值。随机生成器13可选择性地接收来自运动检测器14的输入。输入信号用于激活随机生成器13。如果没有被激活,随机生成器仅仅增加ρ的值,以便以与标准的基于放电单元的抖动相同的顺序交替抖动图案。运动检测器14可以把在信号R0、G0和B0中传输的整个图片或者图片的预定部分当作构成随机生成器13的输入信号的基础,以便使抖动更加适应于各种类型的图片。
在抖动块12经受抖动的视频信号R1、G1和B1作为信号R2、G2和B2输出,并且被传送到子场编码单元16,该子场编码单元16在控制单元18的控制下执行子场编码。等离子控制单元18为子场编码单元16提供码。
关于子场编码,参考已经提到的欧洲专利申请EP-A-1 136 974。
从子场编码单元16输出的每种色彩的子场信号由参考信号SFR、SFG、SFB表示。对于等离子显示面板寻址,将一条线的这些子场码字全部集中起来,以便创建可以用于线状(linewise)PDP的寻址的、单个很长的码字。这是在由等离子控制单元18控制的串并转换单元20中实现的。
此外,控制单元18生成所有用于PDP控制的扫描和维持脉冲。其接收用于参考定时的水平和垂直同步信号。
在本实施例中推荐使用运动估计器,然而,这种运动估计器或检测器可以用于其他技术,如假轮廓补偿、锐度改善和荧光体滞后减少。在这种情况下,由于可以重新使用相同的运动向量,所以限制了额外的成本。
运动补偿抖动可以应用到所有限制分辨率比特的数量的、基于彩色放电单元的显示器(例如彩色LCD)。
本发明带来的优点在于,在具有运动图片和静止图片的应用的情况下,抑制传统矩阵抖动的可视图案。

Claims (8)

1.一种用于处理在具有多个发光元件的显示设备上显示的视频数据的方法,该方法通过:
将伽马函数应用到所述视频数据的至少一部分,然后将抖动函数应用到所述视频数据的、被应用了所述伽马函数的所述至少一部分,来改进所述视频数据的视频图片的灰度级表现,
其特征在于:
提供非周期性的调制函数;以及
当将所述抖动函数应用到所述视频数据的所述至少一部分时,根据所述调制函数来改变所述抖动函数的相位或幅度。
2.如权利要求1所述的方法,其中调制函数包括随机函数。
3.如权利要求1或2所述的方法,其中,所述抖动函数除了由调制函数给出的时间维外,还包括两个空间维。
4.如权利要求1所述的方法,其中,所述抖动函数是1、2、3或4比特的抖动函数。
5.一种用于处理在具有多个发光元件的显示设备上显示的视频数据的设备,包括:
伽马装置(10),用于将伽马函数应用到所述视频数据的至少一部分;和
抖动装置(12),用于将抖动函数应用到所述视频数据的、被应用了所述伽马函数的所述至少一部分,来改进所述视频数据的视频图片的灰度级表现,
其特征在于:
所述抖动装置(12)包括调制元件,用于使用非周期性的调制函数调制抖动函数的相位或者幅度。
6.如权利要求5所述的设备,其中,通过连接到所述抖动装置(12)的随机生成器(13)来提供所述调制函数。
7.如权利要求5或6所述的设备,其中,抖动函数除了通过调制函数获得的时间维之外,还包括两个空间维。
8.如权利要求5所述的设备,其中,所述抖动函数是1、2、3或4比特的抖动函数。
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