CN100417759C - 用于制造无纺织物的方法 - Google Patents

用于制造无纺织物的方法 Download PDF

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CN100417759C
CN100417759C CNB2004100641666A CN200410064166A CN100417759C CN 100417759 C CN100417759 C CN 100417759C CN B2004100641666 A CNB2004100641666 A CN B2004100641666A CN 200410064166 A CN200410064166 A CN 200410064166A CN 100417759 C CN100417759 C CN 100417759C
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塞巴斯蒂安·索默
迈克尔·鲍迈斯特
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Machine Factory Of Leffinhauser Co ltd
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Abstract

一种用于生产无纺织物的方法，其中，形成一层包含至少两种不同纤维的纤维混合物的无纺织物；整个无纺织物层被固结；随后，固结后的整个无纺织物层经受热处理，热处理的程度使得所述纤维中的至少一种产生收缩。

Description

用于制造无纺织物的方法
技术领域
本发明涉及一种用于制造无纺织物的方法，其中形成一层包含有至少两种不同纤维的纤维混合物的无纺织物。所述纤维优选包括热塑性塑料制成的长丝。
背景技术
现有技术中已经公知了各种制造无纺织物的方法。如果要生产具有高强度和高刚度的无纺织物，这些无纺织物通常具有相对较薄的厚度。换句话说，这些无纺织物仅仅具有相对较小的体积，因此通常其纺织品的感觉不够。用于增加其厚度或体积的特殊处理步骤比如对无纺织物进行针刺，对于轻质无纺织物产品，尤其是对于卫生领域的轻质无纺织物产品来说是不经济的。
发明内容
本发明正是为了解决上述技术问题，提供了用于制造无纺织物的方法，该方法能够以简单而廉价的方式使无纺织物的体积或厚度增加。
为了解决这个技术问题，本发明教导了一种用于制造无纺织物的方法，其中形成一层包含有至少两种不同纤维的纤维混合物的无纺织物，整个的无纺织物层被固结，然后固结后的整个无纺织物层经受热处理，使得所述纤维中的至少一种纤维发生收缩。
根据本发明的一个实施例，术语“整个的无纺织物层”意思是一个层集合体，其由多个相同的无纺织物层构成。因此，具有相同纤维混合物因而具有相同收缩性能的多个相同的无纺织物层一层位于另外一层之上，从而形成一个实质上均一的层集合体。在这种情况下，形成所述层集合体的这些相同的无纺织物层利用一个纺丝工具(spinning tool)并且所有层在相同的铺设(same laying)中形成，这在本发明的范围内。根据这个实施例，随后被固结的整个无纺织物层优选是在一压延机(calender)上固结，形成这样一种层集合体。
纤维混合物中纤维包括适当地由热塑性塑料构成的连续纤维，这在本发明的范围之内。根据本发明的一个非常优选的实施例，所述整个无纺织物层在固结之前呈现为均匀的纤维混合物形式。换句话说，所述的至少两种纤维均匀地分布在所述无纺织物层中。在上下文中，“均匀”的意思是纤维大体上均匀地分布在所述无纺织物层中。就此而论，在任何情况下，在本发明的范围内，都没有用所述不同类型的纤维形成不同的层。
另外，在本发明的范围内，所述纤维混合物中的两种类型的纤维在热处理过程中呈现出不同的收缩性能。因而，根据本发明，所使用的纤维混合物包括可收缩的纤维混合物，其中的不同类型的纤维在不同温度下收缩。
根据本发明的一个非常优选的实施例，形成所述无纺织物层的不同类型纤维采用唯一的纺丝工具制造。根据这个实施例，本发明的无纺织物层在混合纤维铺设时在一纺丝甬道中适当地形成。在本发明的一个尤其优选的实施例，在该实施例范围内，使用的纺丝工具通常用来生产双组分纤维或多组分纤维。在这种情形中，不同组分或不同类型的纤维从纺丝工具上相应的不同纺丝孔或毛细管中排出。通过改变相应孔的密度和每个毛细管的生产量来确保不同组分或不同类型纤维大体相同的纺丝速度。
两种类型的纤维由不同的塑料构成也在本发明的范围内。根据本发明的非常优选的实施例，两种纤维中的至少一种由至少一种选择下述组中的塑料构成，包括“聚烯烃，聚酯，聚酰胺”。所述两种类型的纤维也可以由上述塑料的共聚物构成。根据本发明的一个实施例，第一种纤维由聚烯烃构成，第二种纤维由聚酯构成。聚烯烃适当地由聚乙烯或聚丙烯构成。聚酯优选包括聚对苯二甲酸乙二酯(PET)或聚对苯二甲酸丁二酯(PBT)。根据本发明的一个实施例，纤维混合物中的一种纤维由聚丙烯构成，而纤维混合物中的另外一种纤维由聚对苯二甲酸乙二酯(PET)构成。本发明的另外一个实施例中，纤维混合物中的一种纤维由聚丙烯构成，而纤维混合物中的另外一种纤维由聚对苯二甲酸丁二酯(PBT)构成。根据本发明的另外一个实施例，纤维混合物中的一种纤维由聚乙烯构成，而纤维混合物中的另外一种纤维由聚丙烯构成。
用于纤维混合物的纤维优选包括单纤维丝。然而，下述情形也在本发明的范围内，即，纤维混合物中的一种纤维由多组分纤维或多组分长丝构成，尤其是由双组分纤维或双组分长丝构成。然而，纤维混合物中的两种纤维或者所有种类纤维都使用单纤维丝是优选的。
在本发明的范围内，纤维混合物中的所述两种纤维在热处理过程中具有不同的收缩行为。由于为纤维选用特殊的原材料和/或通过调节纺丝条件，不同纤维组分在一定温度范围内具有不同的收缩潜力。
根据本发明的一个非常优选的实施例，该实施例在本发明中十分重要，整个的无纺织物层通过使用压延机而被固结。在这种情形中，用一个压延辊或一对压延辊来实施固结在本发明的范围内。优选地，使用一个压延辊或一对压延辊，压延辊上具有一些雕刻点，平均的雕刻点距离超过1.5毫米，优选超过2.5毫米。根据一个优选实施例，这些是平均的雕刻点距离。
根据本发明的一个优选实施例，固结后的无纺织物层的热处理采用一种加热的流体实施。该加热处理适当地由热空气进行。关于此，热处理可以在一个热空气炉中进行。例如，鼓式烘干机可以使用。
所述两种类型纤维的不同收缩率在热处理过程中被利用。在这种情形，具有较高收缩率的第一种组分将雕刻点或连接点向一起拉，而具有较低收缩率的纤维组分就好象其细度发生了改变。
本发明基于这样的知识，即，具有及好性能的大体积无纺织物可以通过本发明的方法简单而便宜的生产出来。具有及好纺织品感觉的相对较厚和较大体积的无纺织物被生产出来。应当强调地是，本发明的方法可以相对便宜地实施，因此，获得的无纺织物具有较低的成本。

Claims (8)

1. 一种用于生产无纺织物的方法，其中，由纤维混合物形成一无纺织物层；该纤维混合物由单组分纤维丝组成，
其中所述纤维混合物包括至少两种不同类型的纤维的单组分纤维丝，并且两种类型的纤维在热处理时具有不同收缩性能；
其中形成所述无纺织物层的不同类型纤维采用单个纺丝工具制成；
将整个无纺织物层固结；随后，固结后的整个无纺织物层经受热处理，热处理的程度使得所述纤维中的至少一种产生收缩。
2. 如权利要求1所述的方法，其特征在于，所述两种类型的纤维由不同的塑料构成。
3. 如权利要求1或2所述的方法，其特征在于，所述两种类型的纤维的至少一种由选自下述组的至少一种塑料构成：聚烯烃、聚酯、以及聚酰胺。
4. 如权利要求1所述的方法，其特征在于，所述整个无纺织物层采用一压延机而固结。
5. 如权利要求4所述的方法，其特征在于，采用了一个压延辊或一对压延辊，压延辊具有的平均雕刻点距离超过1.5毫米。
6. 如权利要求1所述的方法，其特征在于，所述热处理采用至少一种加热流体进行。
7. 如权利要求6所述的方法，其特征在于，所述加热流体包括热空气。
8. 如权利要求5所述的方法，其特征在于，压延辊具有的平均雕刻点距离超过2.5毫米。
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ATE377106T1 (de) 2007-11-15
KR100815697B1 (ko) 2008-03-20
CA2478132C (en) 2008-10-21
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CA2478132A1 (en) 2005-02-20
BRPI0403315A (pt) 2005-05-31
BRPI0403315B1 (pt) 2014-12-23
DE502004005348D1 (de) 2007-12-13
KR20050020631A (ko) 2005-03-04
US20050040565A1 (en) 2005-02-24
JP4146403B2 (ja) 2008-09-10
US7854813B2 (en) 2010-12-21
MXPA04008026A (es) 2005-06-08
MY141145A (en) 2010-03-15
ES2291782T3 (es) 2008-03-01
EP1508634B1 (de) 2007-10-31
CN1584168A (zh) 2005-02-23
JP2005068632A (ja) 2005-03-17

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