CN100408520C - Dual-hydrolysis fast treatment method of organic solid waste matter - Google Patents

Dual-hydrolysis fast treatment method of organic solid waste matter Download PDF

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CN100408520C
CN100408520C CNB2006100266975A CN200610026697A CN100408520C CN 100408520 C CN100408520 C CN 100408520C CN B2006100266975 A CNB2006100266975 A CN B2006100266975A CN 200610026697 A CN200610026697 A CN 200610026697A CN 100408520 C CN100408520 C CN 100408520C
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hydrolysis
organic solid
organic
temperature
reaction
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CN1868976A (en
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刘文治
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Anhui Hexie Environmental Technology Co., Ltd.
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费拥军
刘文治
费杰
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    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02ATECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A40/00Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
    • Y02A40/10Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in agriculture
    • Y02A40/20Fertilizers of biological origin, e.g. guano or fertilizers made from animal corpses
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02WCLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
    • Y02W30/00Technologies for solid waste management
    • Y02W30/40Bio-organic fraction processing; Production of fertilisers from the organic fraction of waste or refuse

Abstract

After the ratio of carbon to nitrogen of organic solid waste (including animals' excrement, the straw of crop, leaves, branches, humus soil, organic domestic refuse, activated sludge, the waste slag of fermentation industry, and the hydrolytic decomposition slag of industrial plants) is regulated, the organic solid waste is acidified and hydrolyzed at middle temperature and high temperature anaerobic fermentation for 4 to 2 hours; as a result, a great amount of mixing organic acid is generated as catalysts; then, the organic solid waste is hydrolyzed in a high temperature and high pressure chemical catalyzing mode for 2 to 10 minutes; thereby, the organic solid waste can be rapidly degraded into nitrides and carbides with small molecules; a stable nitrogen and carbon compound namely organic fertilizer with a high fertilizer effect and without malodour or abnormal flavour is formed only for 0.5 to 1 hour under the action of ammonia-fixing catalysts. The present invention can be effectively used for the fields of environmental protection and fertilizer production.

Description

The two hydrolysis fast processing of a kind of organic solid castoff prepare the method for fertilizer
1, technical field:
The invention belongs to organic solid castoff handles and the comprehensive utilization field
2, background technology:
Composting method with traditional fertilizer of organic solid castoff (comprising feces of livestock and poultry, agricultural crop straw, leaf, tree fork, vegetable mould, organic domestic waste, active sludge, industrial fermentation waste residue, industrial plant hydrolysis residue etc.) is long-term compost fermentation method.Divide anaerobically fermenting and aerobic fermentation or the two bonded mixed fermentation.Fermentation time is 20 days-30 days, reaches stabilization and promptly becomes thoroughly decomposed.This method time is long, and consequently nutrient loses in a large number, becomes greenhouse gases, especially produces foul gas and causes secondary pollution, and environmental health is very poor.Because the organism volatilization produces a large amount of greenhouse gases and foul smelling and bacterium pollution in the fermenting process, heavy metal does not decompose, is concentrated on the contrary relative quantity to be increased, and the result is that nutrient content is low, is difficult to commercialization.The investigator who has is adding through the function yeast of cultivating, purpose is deodorizing, if stink alleviates, but peculiar smell has appearred, still pollute, so the compost of long-term fermentation can only be done the topped soil of greening with nutrition soil or garbage loading embeading factory, do that the farmland organic fertilizer easily pollutes and fertilizer efficiency is very poor.
The patent of invention of inventor's power of patenting in 2000 (patent No.: ZL96120682.9, Granted publication number: C05G1/00) a kind of high nutrient composite fertilizer and production method thereof.Overcome the drawback of compost fermentation, employing adds the catalyzer mineral acid and carry out the chemical catalysis hydrolysis reaction again under high-temperature and high-pressure conditions.Only just fertilizer or composite organic-inorganic fertilizer have been formed fast with 4 hours.The inventor applied for a patent " household gabbage chemical stability treatment technology " (application number: organic nitrogenous fertilizer or the organonitrogen composite fertilizer that produces nitrogen carbon complex type fast with the solid ammonia process of chemical catalysis hydrolysis 200510025613.1 open day 2005.10.26 publication numbers 1686624) again in 2005, but need add mineral acid and make catalyzer, mineral acid is an eroding chemical, and transportation, storage all cause certain burden.Also having a kind of catalyzer is hemicellulose in the organism, and the ethanoyl of taking off in hydrolytic process has formed acetate, and the methoxyl group of taking off in the xylogen hydrolytic process has formed formic acid, makees catalyzer because of being the autocatalysis that is called that self produces with this.Characteristics are to add mineral acid, have reduced the burden that cost has reduced transportation, storage.Shortcoming is because formic acid and acetate are volatility weak acid, the excretory amount again very little, the result is that hydrolysis time is oversize, needs make reaction unit huge more than 10 hours, has increased investment.
Water content behind the solid ammonia of hydrolysis is bigger, has often dehydrated into very difficult problem.With traditional drying means, efficient is low, and drying machine is huge, the big cost height of floor space.Need to replace traditional drying means with new drying means.
3, summary of the invention:
The present invention aims to provide that a kind of, method low in conjunction with traditional anaerobic composting fermentation method cost is simple, the fs can produce macro-mixing organic acid characteristics, need not produce the anaerobically fermenting subordinate phase of biogas.This stage is oversize because of the time, the too big and secondary pollution that produces greenhouse gases of nutrient loss.Adopt the solid ammonia process of chemical catalysis hydrolysis quick, innoxious thoroughly, the nutrient advantage of not losing, avoided making the shortcoming of catalyzer of mineral acid, a large amount of mixed organic acid of the cheapness that produces with acidication stage of anaerobically fermenting is made catalyzer, replace, the two advantage combined and avoided the two deficiency, the invention of Here it is dual-hydrolysis fast treatment method of organic solid waste matter.As a large amount of multiple mixed organic acid that produced of acidication stage fs of utilizing the organism anaerobically fermenting makees cheap catalyzer, than autocatalysis very big superiority arranged, and need not add mineral acid again.If the employing mesophilic digestion, the control leavening temperature is 55 ℃~65 ℃, and fermentation time is 4-6 hour, just produce macro-mixing organic acid such as formic acid, acetate, propionic acid, butyric acid, citric acid, tartrate, oxysuccinic acid etc.If the employing thermophilic fermentation, the control leavening temperature is at 70 ℃~90 ℃, and fermentation time only needs 1-2 hour, produces above-mentioned macro-mixing organic acid equally.The mixed organic acid that produces from measure and kind on all much better than than acetate and formic acid.Though be not as strong as the catalytic capability that adds mineral acid, its advantage one is to save running cost, the 2nd, save and take up an area of and facility investment.The 3rd, the burden of do not have storage, transporting, the 4th, do not corrode the safety problem that causes because of mineral acid.Though the mixed in theory organic acid of chemical catalysis hydrolysis required time comes the shortening time than adding the long slightly of mineral acid with increasing substantially temperature and pressure, can be also shorter than adding the mineral acid time, superiority is arranged generally.The fs of tradition Unareobic fermentation is to lean on the anaerobion of organic solid castoff self existence in above-mentioned suitable temperature in the acidication stage, suitable carbon, nitrogen ratio, above-mentioned suitable fermentation time nature respectively produces the catalyzer of a large amount of mixed organic acids as cheapness, carry out the chemical catalysis hydrolysis then, temperature is controlled at 300 ℃~500 ℃, pressure-controlling is at 3MPa-7MPa, and hydrolysis time is controlled at 2min to 10min.Carry out the temperature and pressure that the chemical catalysis hydrolysis controlled and increase substantially than adopting mineral acid to make catalyzer, energy consumption increases, and the result shortens hydrolysis time significantly.Integrate consideration superiority is still arranged.Gu ammonia react just utilizes proteolysis produces in the organic solid castoff peptide class and amino acid, the amino of Ammonia and organic carbide fibre element, hemicellulose, the carbohydrate of starch based hydrolysis carries out Maillard reaction and forms the nitrogen carbon complex, this moment, temperature was controlled at 150 ℃~300 ℃, pressure-controlling is at 0.5MPa-2.0MPa, reaction times is controlled at 0.5h-1h, use alkali metal containing, the oxide compound of alkaline-earth metal, oxyhydroxide, weak acid strong alkali salt is made catalyzer, dosage is pressed pH value control 7.5-10, after the solid ammonia of hydrolysis is finished, it is bigger because of water content to enter the drying and dehydrating stage, with traditional normal pressure, high temperature drying dehydration difficulty is big, drying machine is huge, floor space is big, invest also big, the present invention adopts based on the quick forced dehydration of the pressurization of kinetic energy, what solved traditional method is not that new method specifically is with 120 ℃~200 ℃ of the warm airs in the pressurized heat air reservoir, pressure 0.3MPa-0.8MPa, carry out forced dehydration in the jar, material moisture drops to 60%-35% by original 80%-90% in the controlling tank.This is a first step.Keeping a jar internal pressure then is that 0.3MPa-0.8MPa opens pneumatic discharge valve rapidly, makes the material of two hydrolytic decomposition pots spray the quick-fried percussion flow drying machine that enters simultaneously relatively, sprays quick-fried bump, and this is second step of forced drying dehydration.The kinetic energy that a kind of very strong percussion flow produces makes water molecules produce thermal motion and leaves material.This drying and dehydrating method produces the be heated to be master of water molecules thermal motion than traditional method thus to apply kinetic energy, and kinetic energy is that the drying effect of assisting improves more than 1 times, and equipment manufacturing cost significantly reduction reaches 2/3rds.Percussion flow drying machine top is provided with an induced draft fan, the water vapor of carrying the micro mist material secretly is drawn out to the spray column bottom with the negative pressure form, after top drives three layers of nozzle spray cleaning with three recycle pumps, again through mist eliminator, after removing water vapor, air again after heat exchanger heats to 70 ℃-90 ℃, is advanced discharged.Absorption liquid is that water is isolated thin material recycling through whizzer.At this moment Material control moisture content is at 15%-35%, and again through the sieve apparatus screening, the 10mm screen overflow if the organism that does not have hydrolysis to finish is broken after selection by winnowing is removed foreign material, advances the hydrolysis of hydrolytic decomposition pot secondary again.The 10mm screen underflow advances defibrator, feed hot air temperature simultaneously more than or equal to 150 ℃, dehydrate once more in the levigate while, fineness is controlled at 80 orders-400 order, moisture content is controlled at 15%-20%, advance cooler then, usually warm air is cooled to below 40 ℃, through computer proportioning machine and wrapping machine meet the organic commercial fertilizer of agricultural industry criteria.As the inorganic nutrients that adds suitable proportion again meet the organic-inorganic composite fertilizer of national standard.Tail gas after anaerobic acidification hydrolysis stage and the chemical catalysis hydrolysis causes top, spray column bottom through induced draft fan and overbottom pressure head respectively and drives three layers of nozzle with three recycle pumps and make absorption agent with saturated limewater, make the free VFA in two hydrolytic decomposition pot tail gas, hydrogen sulfide, methyl sulphur etc. all form the calcium of organic acid of indissoluble, sulfurated lime, organic sulfide calcium are after centrifugation, be back to use in the dry preceding organic fertilizer, supernatant liquor recycles.
Superiority of the present invention is that to have overcome the simple compost fermentation time long, the a large amount of volatilization losses of available nutrient, there is germ, virus, secondary pollution problem in microbial toxin accumulation and spissated problem of heavy metal and the fermenting process, the characteristics that the acidication stage that has absorbed the anaerobically fermenting fs again produces cheap organic acid catalyst have also overcome simultaneously to be made catalyzer with mineral acid and has increased running cost, increase transportation, the burden that stores, the corrodibility security burden, occupation of land and facility investment have also been saved simultaneously, kept the quick of the solid ammonia technology of chemical catalysis hydrolysis again, innoxious thorough, make the characteristics that organic nutrient content is high and optimize.Concentrate the two strong point, avoid the two weakness.
Positively effect of the present invention is to have solved to utilize organic solid castoff to be difficult for commercialization, the low disadvantage that has secondary pollution again of quality by compost fermentation merely, has drawn the hydrolysis of anaerobically fermenting fs, acidifying strong point simultaneously again.Use aforementioned production method, solve the difficult problem that the organic solid castoff with extensive resource is done raw material large-scale production fertilizer.Overcome simple chemical catalytic hydrolysis again and done the shortcoming of catalyzer, avoided the defective of two kinds of methods, in conjunction with the strong point of two kinds of methods with mineral acid.The present invention can clean and produce high quality, ordorless, the organic commercial fertilizer of free from extraneous odour or the key technical problem of an organic inorganic composite fertilizer.
The organic fertilizer drying and dehydrating is that a great problem traditional method exists drying efficiency low, the equipment manufacturing cost height, the drawback that floor space is big, new for kinetic energy, heat energy is that the pressurization forced dehydration combines with the quick-fried percussion flow drying means of spray in the jar of assisting, have the drying efficiency height, facility investment is low, floor space is little, utilizes residual head to have energy-conservation characteristics.
4, combined process flow process journey figure illustrates specific embodiment:
Further specify the present invention below in conjunction with the accompanying drawing and the technological process of production for embodiment.
Present embodiment can adopt feces of livestock and poultry, agricultural crop straw, leaf, branch, vegetable mould, organic domestic waste, sludge sewage, industrial fermentation waste residue, industrial plant hydrolysis residue, as adopt agricultural crop straw to need earlier through pulverizing, the above-mentioned material that makes wherein one or two or more kinds through pulverize, after screening removes foreign material, it is mixed to advance mixing machine, advances the anaerobic hydrolysis-acidification jar then.As to choose warm anaerobically fermenting, controlled temperature be 60 ℃, and fermentation time 4 hours, as select high-temperature anaerobic fermentation, controlled temperature be at 85 ℃, fermentation time 2 hours, and carbon-nitrogen ratio was controlled at 1: 5.After making it to produce a large amount of organic acids, cut off thermal source, the tail gas that fermentor tank is produced send with induced draft fan and sprays the scavenging tower bottom certainly earlier, and top absorbs absorption agent with three layers of nozzle spray of three recycle pumps drives and purifies absorption with saturated limewater.Absorption liquid be exhaust gas volumes 6%, the spray cover ratio be 120/100, with pressure method anaerobic acidification hydrolysis material is pressed and delivered to the chemical catalysis hydrolytic decomposition pot with sealing-duct through air compressor machine then.The anaerobic acidification hydrolytic decomposition pot of emptying replenishes virgin material at once.To entering the material of chemical catalysis hydrolytic decomposition pot, (do fuel with the crushed stalk briquetting, produce the superheated vapour that fuel gas produces by gas fired-boiler again through thermal decomposition vaporization stove pyrolytic gasification, be passed into the chemical catalysis hydrolytic decomposition pot) carry out the chemical catalysis hydrolysis reaction, temperature is controlled at 400 ℃, pressure-controlling is after the 7Mpa reaction times is controlled at 5min, cut off thermal source, tail gas causes the spray purification tower bottom by a jar interior overbottom pressure head, top drives three layers of nozzle with three recycle pumps, absorption liquid is to absorb with the saturated limewater spray, absorption liquid is 6% of a tail gas, and the spray cover ratio is 120/100.The calcium of organic acid of two jars of tail gas spray cleaning generation insolublies, sulfurated lime, organic sulfide calcium etc. are after whizzer separates, be recovered in the dry preceding fertilizer, the new absorption agent of clarifying absorption liquid restock recycles, and with the air compressor machine pressure pipeline hydrolyzation material is transported to compound solid ammonia jar after hydrolysis is finished.After the hydrolytic decomposition pot emptying, replenish virgin material at once.Make catalyzer toward the magnesium hydroxide that compound solid ammonia jar adds Containing Sulfur sodium, dosage controls to 7 by PH, control reaction temperature is 250 ℃, and pressure-controlling is at 1.8MPa, after the reaction times is 1h, cut off steam valve, to open the warm air storage tank valve, advance the pressurized heat air, temperature is controlled at 〉=and 200 ℃, pressure-controlling is at 0.5MPa, the pressurize steam discharge when material moisture reaches 40%, cuts off the warm air valve, at this moment keeping a jar internal pressure is 0.8MPa, two compound solid ammonia jars are opened pneumatic quick opening valve simultaneously, and two bursts of streams are sprayed the quick-fried percussion flow drying machine that arrives relatively simultaneously, make it strong head-on collision, the kinetic energy that is produced makes the material contained humidity overflow fast with the steam fog form.The induced draft fan on percussion flow drying machine top leads to the spray column bottom fast with steam fog, three recycle pumps in top drive three layers of nozzle, and spray absorbs, and the spray cleaning absorption agent is a saturated limewater solution, the absorption agent volume is 6% of a steam fog volume, and the spray cover ratio is 120/100.Warm air passes through the delivery pipe emptying after being 70 ℃ with the heat exchanger heats air again after mist eliminator absorbs condensed water.The contained micro mist material of absorption liquid is after the whizzer centrifugation, and it is mixed to reclaim and deliver to dry preceding fertilizer.Be controlled at 25% o'clock through percussion flow exsiccant material moisture content, be transported to the sieve apparatus screening with conveying belt, the 10mm screen overflow is through the winnowing machine selection by winnowing, and foreign material discard, and do not have the good organism of hydrolysis after crusher in crushing, return hydrolytic decomposition pot again, again hydrolysis.The 10mm screen underflow is advanced defibrator, lead to 200 ℃ hot blast simultaneously, limit drying that the limit is levigate, moisture content control is smaller or equal to 20%, and fineness is controlled at 200 orders, to less than 5% screenings, reinstate conveyor delivery to cooler with a large amount of 200 order materials one returning again levigate back, cool to temperature of charge with the normal temperature air contact cooling and reach below 40 ℃, through computer proportioning machine batching, what adjustment nutrient index lacked adds.At last, metering, packaging final prod warehouse-in are the powdery fertilizer.As produce granular organic fertilizer add the granulating agent wilkinite of butt meter 3% and add water by the computer proportioning machine be bentonitic 10% after, granulation, be not more than at 20% o'clock, reach the warehouse-in of metering packing below 40 ℃ through the cooler cooling again after the track type drying machine dewaters to water content.If produce composite organic-inorganic fertilizer, join N, P, K fertilizer by total nutrient 〉=15% calculating through the computer proportioning machine from N, P, the fertile storage tank of K.P wherein 2O 5More than or equal to 4%, N, K 2O amount is adjusted proper ratio as required, and moisture content is controlled at≤and 8%, other link is by national standard control.

Claims (7)

1. the two hydrolysis fast processing of an organic solid castoff prepare the method for fertilizer, comprise the following steps:
A) the acidication stage of anaerobically fermenting: in retort, organic solid castoff produces organic acid through anaeration in normal temperature fermentation or high-temperature anaerobic fermentation acidication;
B) chemical catalysis hydrolysis reaction: the organic acid that generates with step a) is a catalyzer, and organic solid castoff is proceeded the chemical catalysis hydrolysis reaction, generates small molecules carbide and nitride;
C) Maillard reaction: the hydrolysis material of step b) is imported solid ammonia jar, add solid ammonia catalyzer, make it pH 7.5~10, carry out Maillard reaction, be combined into small molecules carbon nitrogen mixture;
D) dehydrate.
2. prepare the method for fertilizer according to the two hydrolysis fast processing of the described organic solid castoff of claim 1, it is characterized in that the fermentation condition of anaeration in normal temperature described in the step a) is that temperature is 55 ℃~65 ℃, fermentation time is 4h~6h; The condition of high-temperature anaerobic fermentation described in the step a) is 70 ℃~90 ℃ of temperature, fermentation time 1h~2h; The reaction conditions of step b) is 300 ℃~500 ℃ of temperature, pressure 3MPa~7MPa, reaction times 2min~10min.
3. the method for preparing fertilizer according to the two hydrolysis fast processing of the described organic solid castoff of claim 1, it is characterized in that consolidating in the described step b) oxide compound, oxyhydroxide or the weak acid strong alkali salt that the ammonia catalyzer is selected from basic metal or alkaline-earth metal, its add-on is pressed pH7.5-10 control.
4. the method for preparing fertilizer according to the two hydrolysis fast processing of the described organic solid castoff of claim 1, it is characterized in that described step c) Maillard reaction reaction conditions is that temperature is 150 ℃~300 ℃, pressure 0.5MPa~2.0MPa, reaction times 0.5h~1h.
5. the method for preparing fertilizer according to the two hydrolysis fast processing of the described organic solid castoff of claim 1, it is characterized in that step d) dehydrates can adopt two steps to carry out, quick forced drying dehydration is input pressurized heat force air dehydration in solid ammonia jar from pressure warm air basin in the first step jar, 120 ℃~200 ℃ of the hot air temperatures of pressurized heat force air dehydration, pressure 0.3MPa~0.8MPa, material moisture is 60%~35% in the controlling tank; Second step is that pressurization percussion flow dewatering is when keep-uping pressure to 0.3MPa~0.8MPa in two solid ammonia jars simultaneously, open pneumatic blow-off valve simultaneously and make the quick-fried collision of spray in the percussion flow drying machine relatively simultaneously of two jars of materials, percussion flow dehydration back material moisture is controlled at 25%~30%.
6. prepare the method for fertilizer according to the two hydrolysis fast processing of the described organic solid castoff of claim 1, it is characterized in that after step d), also comprising that material sieves through 8~12mm mesh screen extension set again; Screen overflow discards, after the fragmentation, returns hydrolytic decomposition pot again through selection by winnowing, foreign material, carries out the secondary pressurized hydrolysis; Screen underflow is milled down to 80 sieve meshes~400 sieve meshes through defibrator, logical>150 ℃ warm air in the levigate process, and the defibrator process drying and dehydrating, moisture controlled is 15%~20%, and cooling is prepared burden, packing.
7. the method for preparing fertilizer according to the two hydrolysis fast processing of the described organic solid castoff of claim 1, it is characterized in that also comprising the acidication stage of anaerobically fermenting and the tail gas clean-up recycling step of chemical catalysis hydrolysis reaction, deliver to spray column through induced draft fan and overbottom pressure with the anaerobically fermenting acidication stage respectively with the tail gas chemical catalysis hydrolysis reaction, enter from the bottom, recycle pump drives top three layers of nozzle spray saturated limewater solution respectively, vapour-liquid ratio is 1: 0.05~0.1, the spray cover ratio is 120/100, form amorphous sediment, after the whizzer centrifugation, be incorporated in the dry preceding fertilizer, supernatant liquor recycles.
CNB2006100266975A 2006-05-18 2006-05-18 Dual-hydrolysis fast treatment method of organic solid waste matter Expired - Fee Related CN100408520C (en)

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