CN100406118C - 制备阳离子铑配合物的方法 - Google Patents

制备阳离子铑配合物的方法 Download PDF

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CN100406118C
CN100406118C CNB2004800286751A CN200480028675A CN100406118C CN 100406118 C CN100406118 C CN 100406118C CN B2004800286751 A CNB2004800286751 A CN B2004800286751A CN 200480028675 A CN200480028675 A CN 200480028675A CN 100406118 C CN100406118 C CN 100406118C
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phosphorus
ether
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rhodium
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J·A·拉姆斯登
P·H·莫兰
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Dr Reddys Laboratories EU Ltd
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Abstract

本发明包括制备和分离具有通式:[Rh(配体)m(二烯烃)]+Y-的非无定形阳离子铑配合物的方法,其中配体是具有一个或两个配位磷原子的富含对映体的有机化合物。

Description

制备阳离子铑配合物的方法
发明背景
1.发明领域
本发明涉及适于在商业规模上制备含磷手性配体的阳离子铑配合物的改进方法。特别地,本发明涉及用作不对称合成、特别是不对称氢化的催化剂的铑配合物的制备。
2.现有技术的描述
手性单一对映体化合物的有效生产在现代精细化学品和药物制造中是一个最重要的挑战。取代烯烃由手性磷配体改性的过渡金属配合物的不对称氢化是向分子中引入手性的特别有力方法。这由过渡金属/磷配体配合物对一个烯烃面的优先结合实现,随后的氢化产生富含一种立体异构体的产物。不对称氢化由于各种因素特别适于大规模氢化:低于化学计量数量催化剂的使用、反应的干净本质和大规模设备的可用性。开发了许多种类的磷配体和过渡金属配合物用于不对称烯烃氢化。最有效的催化剂是阳离子铑手性磷配体配合物。它们的特定成功是由于它们的高催化剂活性、生产率和对映体选择性。
由阳离子铑手性磷配体配合物氢化的精细化学品和药物中间体通常是配合物多官能分子,该配合性通常反映在必要的手性磷配体中,其在结构上是相似的配合物和通过多步骤合成制备。结果是许多最有效的手性磷配体的合成特别困难和昂贵,阳离子铑膦配合物的有效形成是不对称氢化催化剂的经济活力或它在氢化工艺中的随后应用的关键方面。
原则上阳离子铑手性磷配体配合物可以采用两种方式产生:1)原位通过混合手性配体和合适的金属前体或2)通过使用预形成的配合物。使用原位形成的催化剂具有几个显着缺点:1)许多配体对氧非常敏感,拙劣的操作很容易使其氧化;2)原位催化剂形成引入额外的工艺步骤;3)原位制备催化剂也可引起不一致的结果;4)不正确的金属/配体化学计量学可不利地影响催化剂活性和选择性。从规则以及技术观点看这样的因素可限制其在药物制造中的应用性。然而,使用预形成的配合物可克服这些困难:1)敏感性配体由金属中心的配合可稳定配体;2)预形成的催化剂可以容易地处理和引入工艺,避免另外的步骤和3)预形成的催化剂是较好定义和表征的物质,它得到更一致的结果。
由于不对称氢化催化剂最通常用于高价值活性药物成分、药物中间体和其它精细化学品的合成,最重要的是保证催化剂的整体性和这可以通过使用预形成的物质容易地达到。然而,具有挑战的是建立可靠和经济的方法以适于贮存的形式制备和分离这样的阳离子铑配合物。迄今为此,由于不能与市售手性配体RoPHOS形成具有足够贮存稳定性的结晶阳离子铑催化剂,这一点尤为突出。从RoPHOS生产的分离的固体阳离子铑催化剂经历自发的分解,导致有价值催化剂和配体的损失(Conference Proceedings,Chiral Europe 2003,M.Thommen,Solvias AG)。
文献中描述的许多手性磷配体配合物给出了对其对应的阳离子铑催化剂的各种合成途径。制备阳离子铑磷配合物的最常用方法是采用必要的手性磷配体来处理[(1,5-环辛二烯)2Rh][X],其中X是阴离子和典型地是[BF4]-、[PF6]-、[SbF6]-、[ClO4]-、或[OSO2CF3]-。代表性例子参见:J.Am.Chem.Soc.1971,73,2397;Helv.Chem.Acta.1991,74,370;Organometallics 2003,93,1356;Organometallics 2002,21,4611;J. Am.Chem.Soc.1993,115,10125。在低极性溶剂用于协助产物回收的情况下,由于[(1,5-环辛二烯)2Rh][X]在低极性溶剂中的相对不溶性,产物中包含金属-前体是危险的。手性阳离子铑催化剂被非手性金属-前体污染可降低不对称氢化的总体立体选择性。此问题可以通过使用过量配体克服,然而,在采用昂贵配体的情况下该选择不是所期望的。此外,预形成的配合物和过量配体的进一步反应有可能带来选择性不如所需催化剂的物类。在极性更大的溶剂如四氢呋喃中使用[(1,5-环辛二烯)2Rh][X]通常要求蒸发、采用抗溶剂的研磨和结晶步骤以获得纯产物。
在另一个方法中,可以将氯代前体[(1,5-环辛二烯)RhCl]2可用盐如AgBF4、AgPF6、AgClO4、AgSbF6、NH4PF6、NaBF4、NaSbF6和NaClO4处理以抽取氯化物,用必要磷配体处理可产生阳离子铑催化剂。代表性例子参见:J. Organometall.Chem.1999,577,346;J.Organometall.Chem.1983,251,79;Helv.Chim.Acta.1988,71,897;Bull. Chem.Soc.Jpn.1984,57,2171;Inorg Chem.1980,19,577;J.Organometall.Chem.1982,239,1。由于银盐如AgBF4和AgSbF6是昂贵的试剂,此途径对于大规模应用是不利的。另外,在随后的反应中使用催化剂之前必须通过过滤除去产生的AgCl。在使用盐如NaBF4或NH4PF6的情况下,必须通过含水洗涤除去产生的氯化物盐,因此增加另外的分离和干燥步骤以除去盐和水。同样不稳定配体如双氨基亚磷酸酯、亚膦酸酯和亚磷酸酯由于对水分的反应性不适于此方法。此外,阳离子催化剂被氯化物污染可以对催化剂性能是特别有害的,如Cobley等人在OrganicProcess Research & Development 2003,7,407中所强调。
在另一种方法中,其中将[(1,5-环辛二烯)Rh(乙酰丙酮)]用含水HClO4处理,阳离子铑催化剂可以由适当磷配体的加成而产生,InorgChem.1981,20,3616。使用此方法收率是变化的,对反应液用31P-NMR进行精密检查显示存在着除了产物的各种物质,因此限制了该反应的最大收率。使用含水酸如HClO4限制了可用于该方法的手性磷配体的范围。由于应用的反应条件导致配体的分解,常用的手性磷配体如亚磷酸酯、亚膦酸酯和双氨基亚磷酸酯不能与含水酸一起使用。
在相关方法中Schmutzler(Z.Anorg.Allg.Chem.2002,628,545和Z.Anorg Allg.Chem.2002,628,779)显示[(1,5-环辛二烯)Rh(乙酰丙酮)]与杯芳烃衍生的亚磷酸酯和缩二脲在-78℃下的直接反应以及随后的与醚合HBF4的反应可产生阳离子铑磷配合物,尽管收率低和以空气和水分敏感性的形式。
生产阳离子铑磷配合物的另一种方法是[(降冰片二烯)Rh(乙酰丙酮)]与Ph3CBF4和合适手性磷配体的反应,J.Am.Chem.Soc.1983,105,7288。此方法在工业情况下的应用性较低,这是由于试剂Ph3CBF4的令人望而却步的成本,此外该反应要求-78℃的反应温度,且仅在浓缩、研磨和再结晶之后获得产物。
所述催化剂制备的共同特征是需要进一步处理粗反应混合物以分离催化剂。大多数催化剂制备导致均相溶液,因此必须加入抗溶剂将催化剂从反应混合物中沉淀。抗溶剂的加入通常会导致具有大表面积的微结晶或无定形材料的快速沉淀。这是特别不利的,因为微结晶和无定形材料的热力学稳定性不如结晶材料,可导致催化剂的差的贮存性、差的操作能力和加速分解。在工业情况下,通常远在使用之前购买或制备催化剂,由于催化剂和危及的选择性和收率的损失,催化剂的差稳定性可对制造活动的结果具有不利影响,对财政有着巨大的牵连。由于其是微结晶的和没有足够的纯度,通常需要再结晶通过沉淀分离的催化剂。这增加进一步的步骤和降低了总体收率。
用大范围含磷配体来一致地产生高纯度、结晶材料的阳离子铑催化剂的制造方法是特别有利的。与现有技术形成对照,本发明的方法满足工业活力的这些要求。
发明概述
本发明包括具有通式:[Rh(配体)m(二烯烃)]+Y-的非无定形阳离子铑配合物的制备和分离方法,其中配体是具有一个或两个配位磷原子的富含对映体的有机化合物。本发明具有从很多种结构亚类型对含磷配体的通用适应性。
优选实施方案的详细描述
本发明包括一种制备和分离通式(1)的非无定形阳离子铑配合物的方法:
[Rh(配体)m(二烯烃)]+Y-     (1)
其中配体表示具有一个或两个配位磷原子的富含对映体的有机化合物,和其中当配体是单齿时m=2和当配体是双齿时m=1。本发明的方法包括如下步骤:
(a)将Rh(二烯烃)(acac)在一种或多种醚溶剂中溶解;
(b)同时或按顺序加入氟化非无机酸HY和醇溶剂或含醇溶剂混合物,以形成铑与一种或多种反应溶剂的溶解性溶剂化配合物;
(c)加入在有机溶剂的溶液中的配体或净配体;
(d)收集配合物(1)的结晶沉淀物。
优选,方法的步骤(b)包括同时加入。更优选,步骤(b)包括加入作为在醇溶剂或含醇溶剂混合物中的溶液的HY。
优选,用于方法的二烯烃是环状二烯烃。更优选,二烯烃选自1,5-环辛二烯(COD)或2,5-降冰片二烯(NBD)。在最优选的实施方案中,二烯烃是COD。或者,通式(1)中的二烯烃表示选自乙烯或C5-10环烯烃的烯烃的两个分子。该方法的优选氟化非无机酸HY是选自如下的全氟化非无机酸:HBF4、HPF6、HSbF6或三氟甲磺酸。最优选,氟化非无机酸HY是HBF4
在优选的方法中,醚溶剂选自二烷基醚、四氢呋喃、1,4-二恶烷或1,2-二甲氧基乙烷。在二烷基醚用作本发明方法的醚溶剂的情况下,其优选选自叔丁基甲基醚、二乙醚、二异丙基醚和二正丁基醚。最优选,二烷基醚是叔丁基甲基醚。在另一个的实施方案中,二烷基醚与四氢呋喃混合。优选,二烷基醚∶四氢呋喃的比例为约10∶1-约1∶1。更优选,二烷基醚∶四氢呋喃的比例为约6∶1-约2∶1。
优选,醇溶剂是线性或支链C1-6链烷醇,其中链烷醇选自甲醇、乙醇、正丙醇、异丙醇或1-丁醇。在本发明的方法中,用于配体溶解的有机溶液选自醚溶剂、非极性烃溶剂或其混合物。
在用于本发明的方法的配体中,配位磷原子(或多个原子)的形式可以为叔膦或可以共价键合到一个或多个杂原子。提供本发明的各种实施方案的以下描述用于说明的目的,以呈现合适配体的代表性但非限制性例子。报导了双齿和单齿手性磷配体的许多设计,其持续成为科学努力的高度活跃领域。对于近来的全面综述,参见Tang和Zhang,Chem.Rev.2003,103,3029。
当在配合物(1)中m=1和配体是双齿的时,在本发明的一个实施方案中配体是二膦。二膦可以是双磷杂环(bisphosphacycle),优选包含两个磷杂环戊烷(phospholane)环或两个磷杂环丁烷(phosphetane)环。在双磷杂环戊烷的情况下,已存在的配体类别由通式(2)代表或其相对对映体,其中X表示有机或有机金属桥接基团,R1和R2每个独立地是H或非必要取代烃基,条件是R1和R2两者不都是H,和任一或两个磷杂环戊烷环的3-和4-位置非必要地可以由一个或多个非干扰基团取代,和每个磷杂环戊烷环可以如所示为分离的环或嵌入多环环体系中。优选,R1和R2每个独立地是C1-20烷基、芳基或芳烷基。更优选,R1=R2=C1-20烷基或R1=R2=苯基。在R1=R2=C1-20烷基的情况下,烷基选自甲基、乙基、正丙基、异丙基、正丁基、异丁基、仲丁基和或叔丁基。本发明的方法适用于配合物(1)的制备,其中配体是(2)的羟基化变体。对于此实施方案可以方便地使用带有酸不稳定羟基保护基团的配体前体,其在铑配合物的形成期间分裂。
Figure C20048002867500131
双磷杂环戊烷(2)中的优选P-X-P桥接基团选自通式(3)-(8),其中的每一个可以非必要地是取代的;(4)中的n是从0-5;(7)中的Z是O或N-烷基。更优选P-X-P是(3)或(4),其中n是1。关于主链结构(3)-(8),本领域技术人员很容易认识到通过供选择主链结构的取代,可以由本发明的方法获得转化成铑配合物的配体。
Figure C20048002867500132
可以由本发明的方法转化成铑配合物的可选择的双磷杂环戊烷是包含两个立体磷中心的那些,包括化合物(9)、其相对对映体及其取代类似物。
在双磷杂环丁烷的情况下,本发明方法的另一个实施方案采用由通式(10)表示的配体、或其相对对映体,其中X表示有机或有机金属桥接基团,R1和R2每个独立地是H或非必要取代的烃基,条件是R1和R2两者不都是H,和任一或两个磷杂环丁烷环的3-位置非必要地可以由一个或多个非干扰基团取代。优选X是1,1′-二茂铁基和R1和R2每个独立地是C1-20烷基、芳基或芳烷基。更优选,R1=R2=C1-20烷基或R1=R2=苯基。在R1=R2=C1-20烷基的情况下,烷基选自甲基、乙基、正丙基、异丙基、正丁基、异丁基、仲丁基或叔丁基。
Figure C20048002867500141
本发明的方法的另一个实施方案采用包括阻转异构体二膦的二膦配体,该阻转异构体二膦包含两个P(Ar)2基团,其中Ar=苯基,其非必要地被一个或多个烷基或烷氧基取代。优选,阻转异构体二膦是二芳基二膦,其中二芳基部分可以非必要地是杂芳族的。本发明的优选二芳基二膦是通式(11)的BINAP配体,或其相对对映体。代表性杂芳族类似物是二膦(12),或其相对对映体。
Figure C20048002867500142
本发明的另一个实施方案包括其中二膦是通式(13)的配体、或其相对对映体的方法。非必要地,可以进一步取代(13)的[2,2′]-对环芳主链。
Figure C20048002867500143
本发明的另一个实施方案包括其中配体是手性二茂铁基二膦的方法。除其中X=1,1-二茂铁基的双磷杂环丁烷(10)以外,还存在几种亚类别这样的二膦,如由Tang和Zhang描述,出处同上。Togni等人的非-C2-对称Josiphos类型配体(J.Am.Chem.Soc.1994,116,4062)提供了最好已知的例子。
当在配合物(1)中m=1时,配体中的至少一个配位磷原子可以共价键合到一个或多个杂原子。在本发明的此实施方案中,优选两个配位磷原子共价键合到一个或多个杂原子。更优选,配体选自双亚磷酸酯、双亚次膦酸酯、双亚膦酸酯或双氨基亚磷酸酯。
本发明的另一个实施方案包括其中配体是单膦和因此在配合物(1)中m=2的方法。优选,单膦配体包括P-芳基磷杂环。本发明的另一个实施方案包括其中配体是通式(14)的双氨基亚磷酸酯、或其相对对映体,和因此在配合物(1)中m=2的方法。
在本发明的所有实施方案中,优选配合物(1)以结晶形式获得和配合物(1)在惰性气氛下在环境温度中稳定贮存至少三(3)天。根据本发明方法的优选实施方案,配体富含对映体到至少95%ee。更优选,配体富含对映体到至少99%ee。最优选,配体是对映体纯的。
如下实施例说明本发明:
实施例1:((-)-1,2-双-((2R,5R)-2,5-二甲基磷杂环戊烷基)苯(1,5-环辛 二烯)四氟硼酸铑(I):[((R,R)-MeDuPHOS)Rh(COD)][BF 4 ]的合成
将装备有可编程循环器、接触温度计、顶部搅拌器、回流冷凝器、冷凝器循环器、底出料阀、三个加料口、两个膜计量泵和带有10升接收烧瓶的过滤器组合体的10升带夹套玻璃容器连接到氮气/真空组合体,放置在惰性氮气气氛下。向反应器中加入0.600kg(1.934mol)的(1,5-环辛二烯)(乙酰丙酮合)铑(I)、0.411kg脱气的四氢呋喃和1.708kg脱气的叔丁基甲基醚。将回流冷凝器温度设定到10℃。将容器内容物搅拌和通过可编程循环器加热到轻微回流直到所有材料溶解。将装备侧臂和在线过滤器的Schlenk烧瓶通过计量泵连接到反应器,向其中加入0.726kg脱气的丙-2-醇,将0.376kg(2.322mol)四氟硼酸二乙基醚合物(tetrafluoroboric acid diethyletherate)在搅拌下缓慢加入丙-2-醇中同时保持温度35℃或更低。在搅拌下向装备侧臂和在线过滤器、通过第二膜式泵连接到反应器的第二schlenk烧瓶加入1.069kg脱气的四氢呋喃和0.593kg(1.935mol)的((-)-1,2-双((2R,5R)-2,5-二甲基磷杂环戊烷基)苯)直到所有的材料溶解。使用膜式计量泵将四氟硼酸二乙基醚合物的丙-2-醇溶液在25分钟内连续加入反应器容器,同时保持轻微回流以得到透明黄色/棕色均相溶液。将计量泵管线用3×20ml脱气的丙-2-醇清洗和和将反应器内容物在回流下搅拌大约~20分钟。将((-)-1,2-双((2R,5R)-2,5-二甲基磷杂环戊烷基)苯)在脱气的四氢呋喃中的溶液在~22分钟内使用膜式计量泵连续加入,同时保持轻微回流,和将泵管线用3×20ml脱气的四氢呋喃清洗。((-)-1,2-双((2R,5R)-2,5-二甲基磷杂环戊烷基)苯)溶液的加入引起深红色结晶产物的几乎立即沉淀。在((-)-1,2-双((2R,5R)-2,5-二甲基磷杂环戊烷基)苯)溶液的加入完成之后,在采用线性方式将容器冷却器编程以冷却到~-25℃之前将容器内容物在回流下搅拌~26mins。将容器内容物在N2中通过底部出料阀在N2压力下转移到过滤器组合体。将反应器和过滤器组合体通过容器用2×1.25kg脱气的丙-2-醇清洗两次和在真空下除去残余的溶剂。将滤饼最终采用3×0.384kg脱气的3∶2四氢呋喃/叔丁基甲基醚溶液清洗和真空干燥到恒定重量。反应产量1.102kg,94.3%的((-)-1,2-双((2R,5R)-2,5-二甲基磷杂环戊烷基)苯)(1,5-环辛二烯)四氟硼酸铑(I)。
31PNMR(162MHz,CDCl3)δ77.1ppm,双峰,JRh-P 148.6Hz
实施例2:((-)-1,2-双-((2R,5R)-2,5-二乙基磷杂环戊烷基)苯)(1,5-环辛 二烯)四氟硼酸铑(I):[((R,R)-EtDuPHOS)Rh(COD)][BF 4 ]的合成
向schlenk烧瓶中在氮气下加入1.5988g(5.154mmol)的(1,5-环辛二烯)(乙酰丙酮合)铑(I)、1.239g干燥脱气的四氢呋喃和6.147g脱气的叔丁基甲基醚,在搅拌下加热到55℃直到所有的材料溶解。将1.001g(6.1848mmol)四氟硼酸二乙醚合物在1.918g脱气的丙-2-醇的溶液通过注射器在10mins内滴加以得到均匀黄色/棕色溶液。将获得的溶液进一步搅拌20mins。将1.8687g(5.154mmol)(-)-1,2-双((2R,5R)-2,5-二乙基磷杂环戊烷基)苯在7.400g脱气的叔丁基甲基醚在10分钟内滴加以得到红色结晶沉淀物。在冷却到-20℃之前将反应进一步搅拌20分钟。将反应溶剂通过注射器除去和将材料采用2×1.48g脱气的叔丁基甲基醚洗涤和在真空下干燥以得到3.211g,97%收率的((-)-1,2-双((2R,5R)-2,5二乙基磷杂环戊烷基)苯)(1,5-环辛二烯)四氟硼酸铑(I)。
31P NMR(162MHz,CDCl3)δ70.4ppm,双峰JRh-P148.7Hz
实施例3:((+)-1,2-双-((2R,5R)-2,5-二甲基磷杂环戊烷基)乙烷)(1,5-环 辛二烯)四氟硼酸铑(I):[((R,R)-MeBPE)Rh(COD)][BF 4 ]的合成
向Schlenk烧瓶中在氮气下加入6.00g(19.356mmol)的(1,5-环辛二烯)(乙酰丙酮合)铑(I)、4.656g干燥脱气的四氢呋喃和23.082g脱气的叔丁基甲基醚,在搅拌下加热到55℃直到所有的材料溶解。将3.76g(23.22mmol)四氟硼酸二乙醚合物在7.20g脱气的丙-2-醇中的溶液通过注射器在10mins内滴加以得到均匀黄色/棕色溶液。将获得的溶液进一步搅拌20mins。将5g(19.356mmol)1,2-双-((2R,5R)-2,5二甲基磷杂环戊烷基)乙烷在22.2g脱气的叔丁基甲基醚中的溶液在20分钟内滴加以得到橙色/红色结晶沉淀物。在冷却到-20℃之前将反应进一步搅拌20分钟。将反应在氮气下过滤和在真空下干燥以得到10.19g,96.4%收率的(1,2-双-((2R,5R)-2,5二甲基磷杂环戊烷基)乙烷)(1,5-环辛二烯)四氟硼酸铑(I)。
31PNMR(162MHz,CDCl3)δ77.49ppm,双峰JRh-P144.7Hz
实施例4:(1,2-双-((2S,5S)-2,5-二苯基磷杂环戊烷基)乙烷)(1,5-环辛 二烯)四氟硼酸铑(I):[((R,R)-PhBPE)Rh(COD)][BF 4 ]的合成
向Schlenk烧瓶在氮气下加入340mg(1.096mmol)的(1,5-环辛二烯)(乙酰丙酮合)铑(I)、445mg干燥脱气的四氢呋喃和2.59g脱气的叔丁基甲基醚,在搅拌下加热到55℃直到所有的材料溶解。将214mg(1.322mmol)四氟硼酸二乙醚合物在392mg脱气的丙-2-醇中的溶液通过注射器在10mins内滴加以得到均匀黄色/棕色溶液。将获得的溶液进一步搅拌30mins。将556mg(1.0975mmol)1,2-双-((2S,5S)-2,5二苯基磷杂环戊烷基)乙烷在4.445g脱气的四氢呋喃中的溶液在10分钟内滴加以得到橙色结晶沉淀物。在冷却到室温之前将反应进一步搅拌30分钟。将反应在氮气下过滤和将材料采用3.925g脱气的丙-2-醇、8.89g脱气的四氢呋喃洗涤和在真空下干燥以得到860mg,97.5%收率的(1,2-双-((2S,55)-2,5-二苯基磷杂环戊烷基)乙烷)(1,5-环辛二烯)四氟硼酸铑(I)。
31PNMR(162MHz,CDCl3)δ79.64ppm,双峰JRh-P153.9Hz
实施例5:(1,1′-双-((2R,5R)-2,5-二异丙基磷杂环戊烷基)二茂铁)(1,5- 环辛二烯)四氟硼酸铑(I):[((R,R)-i-Pr-5-Fc)Rh(COD)][BF 4 ]的合成
向Schlenk烧瓶在氮气下加入200mg(0.6448mmol)的(1,5-环辛二烯)(乙酰丙酮合)铑(I)、155mg干燥脱气的四氢呋喃和769mg脱气的叔丁基甲基醚,在搅拌下加热到55℃直到所有的材料溶解。将125mg(0.7719mmol)四氟硼酸二乙醚合物在240mg脱气的丙-2-醇中的溶液通过注射器在10mins内滴加以得到均匀黄色/棕色溶液。将获得的溶液进一步搅拌20mins。将338.2mg(0.6448mmol)1,1′-双((2R,5R)-2,5-二异丙基磷杂环戊烷基)二茂铁在1.48g脱气的叔丁基甲基醚中的溶液在10分钟内滴加以得到橙色结晶沉淀物。在冷却到-20℃之前将反应进一步搅拌10分钟。将反应溶剂通过注射器除去和将材料采用2×1.48g脱气的叔丁基甲基醚洗涤和在真空下干燥以得到507mg,96.9%收率的(1,1′-双((2R,5R)-2,5-二异丙基磷杂环戊烷基)二茂铁)(1,5-环辛二烯)四氟硼酸铑(I)。
31PNMR(162MHz,CDCl3)δ30.3ppm,双峰JRh-P141.2Hz
实施例6:((+)-1,1′-双-((2R,4R)-2,4-二乙基磷杂环丁烷基)二茂 铁)(1,5-环辛二烯)四氟硼酸铑(I):[((R,R)-EtFerroTANE)Rh(COD)][BF 4 ] 的合成
向Schlenk烧瓶在氮气下加入3.522g(11.355mmol)的(1,5-环辛二烯)(乙酰丙酮合)铑(I)、2.729g干燥脱气的四氢呋喃和13.541g脱气的叔丁基甲基醚,在搅拌下加热到55℃直到所有的材料溶解。将2.206g(13.626mmol)四氟硼酸二乙醚合物在4.225g脱气的丙-2-醇中的溶液通过注射器在10mins内滴加以得到均匀黄色/棕色溶液。将获得的溶液进一步搅拌20mins。将5g(11.355mmol)的(+)-1,1′-双-((2R,4R)-2,4-二乙基磷杂环丁烷基)二茂铁在14.80g脱气的叔丁基甲基醚中的溶液在10分钟内滴加以得到橙色结晶沉淀物。在冷却到-20℃之前将反应进一步搅拌20分钟。将反应在真空下干燥和在真空下干燥以得到7.55g,91%收率的((+)-1,1′-双-((2R,4R)-2,4二乙基磷杂环丁烷基)二茂铁)(1,5-环辛二烯)四氟硼酸铑(I)。
31PNMR(162MHz,CDCl3)δ51.74ppm,双峰JRh-P 146.4Hz
实施例7:((R)-(+)-2,2′-双-(二苯基膦基)-1,1′-联萘)(1,5-环辛二烯)四 氟硼酸铑(I):[((R)-BINAP)Rh(COD)][BF 4 ]的合成
向Schlenk烧瓶在氮气下加入100mg(0.322mmol)的(1,5-环辛二烯)(乙酰丙酮合)铑(I)、68.5mg干燥脱气的四氢呋喃和384.7mg脱气的叔丁基甲基醚,在搅拌下加热到55℃直到所有的材料溶解。将62.6mg(0.387mmol)四氟硼酸二乙醚合物在120mg脱气的丙-2-醇中的溶液通过注射器在10mins内滴加以得到均匀黄色/棕色溶液。将获得的溶液进一步搅拌20mins。将200.6mg(0.322mmol)(R)-(+)-2,2′-双(二苯基膦基)-1,1′-联萘在0.889g脱气的四氢呋喃和2.2g脱气的叔丁基甲基醚中的溶液在10分钟内滴加以得到橙色/红色结晶沉淀物。在冷却到-20℃之前将反应进一步搅拌20分钟。将反应溶剂通过注射器除去和将材料采用2×1.48g脱气的叔丁基甲基醚洗涤和在真空下干燥以得到292mg,99%收率的((R)-(+)-2,2′双(二苯基膦基)-1,1′-联萘)(1,5-环辛二烯)四氟硼酸铑(I)。
31P NMR(162MHz,CDCl3)δ26.6ppm,双峰JRh-P146.8Hz
实施例8:((R)-(-)-4,12-双-(二苯基膦基)-[2.2]-对环芳)(1,5-环辛二烯) 四氟硼酸铑(I):[((R)-PhanePhos)Rh(COD)][BF 4 ]的合成
向Schlenk烧瓶在氮气下加入50mg(0.1612mmol)的(1,5-环辛二烯)(乙酰丙酮合)铑(I)、34.25mg干燥脱气的四氢呋喃和192.4mg脱气的叔丁基甲基醚,在搅拌下加热到55℃直到所有的材料溶解。将31.3mg(0.1934mmol)四氟硼酸二乙醚合物在60mg脱气的丙-2-醇中的溶液通过注射器在10mins内滴加以得到均匀黄色/棕色溶液。将获得的溶液进一步搅拌25mins。将92.95mg(0.1612mmol)(R)-(-)-4,12双(二苯基膦基)-[2.2]-对环芳在1.78g脱气的四氢呋喃和2.2g脱气的叔丁基甲基醚中的溶液在10分钟内滴加以得到橙色/红色结晶沉淀物。在冷却到-20℃之前将反应进一步搅拌20分钟。将反应溶剂通过注射器除去和将材料采用2×1.48g脱气的叔丁基甲基醚洗涤和在真空下干燥以得到134mg,95%收率的((R)-(-)-4,12-双(二苯基膦基)-[2.2]-对环芳)(1,5-环辛二烯)四氟硼酸铑(I)。
31P NMR(162MHz,CDCl3)δ33.3ppm,双峰JRh-P147Hz
实施例9:(双-((R)-(-)-(3,5-二氧杂-4-磷杂-环庚[2,1-a;3,4-a′]二萘-4-基) 二甲基胺)(1,5-环辛二烯)四氟硼酸铑(I):[((R)-Monophos) 2 Rh(COD)][BF 4 ] 的合成
向Schlenk烧瓶在氮气下加入100mg(0.322mmol)的(1,5-环辛二烯)(乙酰丙酮合)铑(I)、68.5mg干燥、脱气的四氢呋喃和384.7mg脱气的叔丁基甲基醚,在搅拌下加热到55℃直到所有的材料溶解。将62.6mg(0.387mmol)四氟硼酸二乙醚合物在120mg脱气的丙-2-醇中的溶液通过注射器在10mins内滴加以得到均匀黄色/棕色溶液。将获得的溶液进一步搅拌20mins。将231.6mg(0.644mmol)(R)-(-)-(3,5-二氧杂-4-磷杂环庚[2,1-a;3,4-a′]二萘-4-基)二甲基胺在1.33g脱气的四氢呋喃和2.2g脱气的叔丁基甲基醚中的溶液在10分钟内滴加以得到橙色/黄色结晶沉淀物。在冷却到-20℃之前将反应进一步搅拌20分钟。将反应溶剂通过注射器除去和将材料采用2×1.48g脱气的叔丁基甲基醚洗涤和在真空下干燥以得到281mg,87%收率的(双-((R)-(-)-(3,5-二氧杂-4-磷杂-环庚[2,1-a;3,4-a′]二萘-4-基)二甲基胺))(1,5-环辛二烯)四氟硼酸铑(I)。
31P NMR(162MHz,CDCl3)δ138ppm,多峰的宽双峰
实施例10:((R)-2,2′,6,6′-四甲氢基-4,4′-双(二(3,5-二甲苯基)膦 基)-3,3′-双吡啶)(1,5-环辛二烯)四氟硼酸铑(I): [(CTH-(R)-Xylyl-P-Phos)Rh(COD)][BF 4 ]的合成
向Schlenk烧瓶在氮气下加入42mg(0.135mmol)的(1,5-环辛二烯)(乙酰丙酮合)铑(I)、100μl干燥、脱气的四氢呋喃和200μl脱气的叔丁基甲基醚,在搅拌下加热到55℃直到所有的材料溶解。将18μl(0.132mmol)四氟硼酸二乙醚合物在100μl脱气的丙-2-醇中的溶液通过注射器在10mins内滴加以得到均匀黄色/棕色溶液。将获得的溶液进一步搅拌25mins。将102mg(0.135mmol)((R)-2,2′,6,6′-四甲氧基-4,4′-双(二(3,5-二甲苯基)膦基)-3,3′-双吡啶)在0.5ml脱气的四氢呋喃和2ml脱气的叔丁基甲基醚中的溶液在30分钟内滴加以得到橙色/红色结晶沉淀物。在冷却到室温之前将反应进一步搅拌20分钟。进一步滴加8ml脱气的叔丁基甲基醚。将混合物冷却到-20℃,将反应溶剂通过注射器除去和将材料在真空下干燥以得到66mg,46%收率的((R)-2,2′,6,6′-四甲氧基-4,4′-双(二(3,5-二甲苯基)膦基)-3,3′-双吡啶)(1,5-环辛二烯)四氟硼酸铑(I)。
31P NMR(162MHz,CDCl3)δ24.7ppm,双峰JRh-P143Hz
实施例11:((1S,1S′,2R,2R′)-1,1′-二-叔丁基-[2,2′]二磷杂环戊烷)(1,5- 环辛二烯)四氟硼酸铑(I):[((S,S,R,R)-TangPhos)Rh(COD)][BF 4 ]的合成
向Schlenk烧瓶在氮气下加入121mg(0.395mmol)的(1,5-环辛二烯)(乙酰丙酮合)铑(I)、300μl干燥脱气的四氢呋喃和600μl脱气的叔丁基甲基醚,在搅拌下加热到55℃直到所有的材料溶解。将54μl(0.397mmol)四氟硼酸二乙醚合物在100μl脱气的丙-2-醇中的溶液通过注射器在10mins内滴加以得到均匀黄色/棕色溶液。将获得的溶液进一步搅拌25mins。将113mg(0.135mmol)(1S,1S′,2R,2R′-1,1′-二-叔丁基-[2,2′]二磷杂环戊烷在1ml脱气的四氢呋喃和2ml脱气的叔丁基甲基醚中的溶液在1h内滴加以得到橙色/红色结晶沉淀物。在冷却到室温之前将反应进一步搅拌20分钟,然后在冰水浴中冷却。将产物在schlenk过滤器中收集和进一步用2×2ml脱气的叔丁基甲基醚洗涤。将材料在真空下干燥以得到166mg,72%收率的((1S,1S′,2R,2R′)-1,1′-二-叔丁基-[2,2′]二磷杂环戊烷)(1,5-环辛二烯)四氟硼酸铑(I)。
31P NMR(162MHz,CDCl3)δ97.7ppm,双峰JRh-P143Hz
实施例12:{(1,2-双[(2S,5S)-2,5-二甲基-(3S,4S)-3,4-二羟基磷杂环戊 烷基]苯)(L5-环辛二烯)四氟硼酸铑(I)的合成,与配体前体的原位解保护
向Schlenk烧瓶在氮气下加入70mg(0.226mmol)的(1,5-环辛二烯)(乙酰丙酮合)铑(I)、200μl干燥脱气的四氢呋喃和400μl脱气的叔丁基甲基醚,在搅拌下加热到55℃直到所有的材料溶解。将25μl(0.13mmol)四氟硼酸二乙醚合物在100μl脱气的丙-2-醇中的溶液通过注射器在10mins内滴加以得到均匀黄色/棕色溶液。将获得的溶液进一步搅拌30mins。将101mg(0.224mmol)(S,S,S,S)-MeKetalPhos在0.5ml脱气的四氢呋喃和2ml脱气的叔丁基甲基醚中的溶液在1h内滴加以得到橙色/红色结晶沉淀物。进一步滴加2ml叔丁基甲基醚。在冷却到室温之前将反应进一步搅拌60分钟,然后在冰水浴中冷却。将上清液体除去和将残余物在真空下干燥以得到红色粉末的产物55mg,63%收率的{(1,2-双[(2S,5S)-2,5-二甲基-(3S,4S)-3,4-二羟基磷杂环戊烷基]苯)(1,5-环辛二烯)四氟硼酸铑(I)。
31P NMR(162MHz,d4-MeOH)δ77.6ppm,双峰JRh-P 152Hz

Claims (54)

1.一种制备和分离通式(1)的非无定形阳离子铑配合物的方法,其中配体表示具有一个或两个配位磷原子的富含对映体的有机化合物,和其中当配体是单齿时m=2和当配体是双齿时m=1,该方法包括如下步骤:
(a)将Rh(二烯烃)(acac)在一种或多种醚溶剂中溶解,其中二烯烃为环二烯烃或选自乙烯或C5-C10环烯烃的烯烃的两个分子;
(b)同时或按顺序加入选自HBF4、HPF6、HSbF6或CF3SO3H的酸HY和醇溶剂或含醇溶剂混合物,以形成铑与一种或多种反应溶剂的溶解性溶剂化配合物;
(c)加入在有机溶剂的溶液中的配体或净配体;
(d)收集配合物(1)的结晶沉淀物
[Rh(配体)m(二烯烃)]+Y-   (1)。
2.根据权利要求1所述的方法,其中步骤(b)包括同时加入HY和醇溶剂或含醇溶剂混合物。
3.根据权利要求2所述的方法,其中步骤(b)包括加入作为在醇溶剂或含醇溶剂混合物中的溶液的HY。
4.根据权利要求1所述的方法,其中步骤(b)包括采用任一顺序,按顺序加入HY和醇溶剂或含醇溶剂混合物。
5.根据权利要求1所述的方法,其中二烯烃是环状二烯烃。
6.根据权利要求5所述的方法,其中二烯烃是1,5-环辛二烯(COD)或2,5-降冰片二烯(NBD)。
7.根据权利要求6所述的方法,其中二烯烃是COD。
8.根据权利要求1所述的方法,其中二烯烃表示选自乙烯或C5-10环烯烃的烯烃的两个分子。
9.根据权利要求1所述的方法,其中HY是HBF4
10.根据权利要求1所述的方法,其中醚溶剂选自二烷基醚、四氢呋喃、1,4-二恶烷或1,2-二甲氧基乙烷。
11.根据权利要求10所述的方法,其中二烷基醚选自叔丁基甲基醚、乙醚、二异丙基醚或二正丁基醚。
12.根据权利要求11所述的方法,其中二烷基醚与四氢呋喃混合。
13.根据权利要求12所述的方法,其中二烷基醚∶四氢呋喃的比例为10∶1-1∶1。
14.根据权利要求13所述的方法,其中二烷基醚∶四氢呋喃的比例为6∶1-2∶1。
15.根据权利要求14所述的方法,其中二烷基醚是叔丁基甲基醚。
16.根据权利要求1所述的方法,其中醇是线性或支链C1-6链烷醇。
17.根据权利要求16所述的方法,其中链烷醇选自甲醇、乙醇、正丙醇、异丙醇或1-丁醇。
18.根据权利要求1所述的方法,其中用于配体溶解的有机溶液选自醚溶剂、非极性烃溶剂或其混合物。
19.根据权利要求1所述的方法,其中m=1。
20.根据权利要求19所述的方法,其中配体是二膦。
21.根据权利要求20所述的方法,其中二膦是双磷杂环。
22.根据权利要求21所述的方法,其中双磷杂环是双磷杂环戊烷。
23.根据权利要求22所述的方法,其中双磷杂环是根据通式(2)的双磷杂环戊烷、或其相对对映体,其中X表示有机或有机金属桥接基团,R1和R2每个独立地是H或非必要取代的烃基,条件是R1和R2两者不都是H,和任一或两个磷杂环戊烷环的3-和4-位置非必要地被一个或多个非干扰基团取代。
Figure C2004800286750004C1
24.根据权利要求23所述的方法,其中双磷杂环戊烷中的P-X-P选自通式(3)-(8),其中的每一个可以非必要地是取代的;(4)中的n是从0-5;(7)中的Z是O或N-烷基。
Figure C2004800286750004C2
25.根据权利要求24所述的方法,其中P-X-P具有通式(3)。
26.根据权利要求24所述的方法,其中P-X-P具有通式(4)和n=1。
27.根据权利要求24所述的方法,其中P-X-P具有通式(5)。
28.根据权利要求22所述的方法,其中双磷杂环是根据通式(9)的双磷杂环戊烷、其相对对映体及其取代类似物。
Figure C2004800286750005C1
29.根据权利要求21所述的方法,其中双磷杂环是通式(10)的双磷杂环丁烷,其中X表示有机或有机金属桥接基团,R1和R2每个独立地是H或非必要取代d烃基,条件是R1和R2两者不都是H,和任一或两个磷杂环丁烷环的3-位置非必要地被一个或多个非干扰基团取代。
Figure C2004800286750005C2
30.根据权利要求29所述的方法,其中X是1,1′-二茂铁基。
31.根据权利要求23-27或29-30任一所述的方法,其中R1和R2每个独立地是C1-20烷基、芳基或芳烷基。
32.根据权利要求31所述的方法,其中R1=R2=C1-20烷基。
33.根据权利要求32所述的方法,其中烷基选自甲基、乙基、正丙基、异丙基、正丁基、异丁基、仲丁基或叔丁基。
34.根据权利要求31所述的方法,其中R1=R2=苯基。
35.根据权利要求20所述的方法,其中二膦是包含两个P(Ar)2基团的阻转异构体二膦,其中Ar=苯基,非必要地被一个或多个烷基或烷氧基取代。
36.根据权利要求30所述的方法,其中二膦是二芳基二膦。
37.根据权利要求31所述的方法,其中二芳基二膦是通式(11)的BINAP配体、或其相对对映体。
Figure C2004800286750006C1
38.根据权利要求36所述的方法,其中二芳基部分是杂芳族的。
39.根据权利要求20所述的方法,其中二膦是通式(13)的PHANEPHOS配体、或其相对对映体。
Figure C2004800286750006C2
40.根据权利要求19所述的方法,其中配体中的至少一个配位磷原子共价键合到一个或多个杂原子。
41.根据权利要求40所述的方法,其中两个配位磷原子共价键合到一个或多个杂原子。
42.根据权利要求41所述的方法,其中配体选自双亚磷酸酯、双亚次膦酸酯、双亚膦酸酯或双氨基亚磷酸酯。
43.根据权利要求1所述的方法,其中m=2。
44.根据权利要求43所述的方法,其中配体是单膦。
45.根据权利要求44所述的方法,其中膦是P-芳基磷杂环。
46.根据权利要求43所述的方法,其中配体中的配位磷原子共价键合到一个或多个杂原子。
47.根据权利要求46所述的方法,其中配体是双氨基亚磷酸酯。
48.根据权利要求47所述的方法,其中双氨基亚磷酸酯具有通式(14)或其相对对映体。
49.根据权利要求1所述的方法,其中配合物(1)直接从包含一个或多个酸不稳定羟基保护基团的配体前体制备,该保护基团在配合物形成期间除去。
50.根据权利要求1所述的方法,其中配合物(1)以结晶形式获得。
51.根据权利要求1所述的方法,其中配合物(1)在惰性气氛下在环境温度下稳定贮存至少三(3)天。
52.根据权利要求1所述的方法,其中配体富含对映体到至少95%ee。
53.根据权利要求52所述的方法,其中配体富含对映体到至少99%ee。
54.根据权利要求53所述的方法,其中配体是对映体纯的。
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