CN100396706C - 聚烯烃嵌段共聚物 - Google Patents

聚烯烃嵌段共聚物 Download PDF

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CN100396706C
CN100396706C CNB038181053A CN03818105A CN100396706C CN 100396706 C CN100396706 C CN 100396706C CN B038181053 A CNB038181053 A CN B038181053A CN 03818105 A CN03818105 A CN 03818105A CN 100396706 C CN100396706 C CN 100396706C
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C·C·米弗登
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Abstract

本发明公开了一种α-烯烃与第二种烯烃的嵌段共聚物。该嵌段共聚物并不是呈高度全同立构构型,而是含有全同立构序列并呈窄分子量分布的共聚物。本发明还公开了一种制备这些嵌段共聚物的方法。

Description

聚烯烃嵌段共聚物
技术领域
本发明涉及α-烯烃与第二种烯烃的嵌段共聚物。该嵌段共聚物并不是呈高度全同立构构型,而是含有全同立构序列并呈窄分子量分布。本发明还公开了这些嵌段共聚物的共混物。
背景技术
α-烯烃与第二种烯烃的共聚物是众所周知的,它们可以是无规或嵌段的共聚物,其特征在于它们的分子量分布和单体单元的立体有规性。所谓“立体有规性”,本文是指α-烯烃重复单元所具有的全同立构、间同立构或无规立构的构型。这些特征会影响共聚物的加工性和物理性能。根据最终用途,对性能会有不同的要求。
聚合物链中的共聚单体含量和共聚单体分布也会影响共聚物的性能。R.Kravchenko和R.Waymouth研究了以芳基茚二茂锆为催化剂的乙烯-丙烯共聚反应。他们在Macromolecules 31,(1998),1中报告了当采用非桥连结构催化剂时,共聚单体(单体竞聚率乘积r1r2=1.0-1.9)以无规或少量嵌段形态分布在共聚物中,而采用桥连结构催化剂时,共聚单体则呈另一种分布。他们列出了过去文献中已研究过的18种其它催化剂的结果。13种茂金属催化剂中没有一种能获得嵌段共聚物(r1r2从低0.14高至1.5变动)。在Ziegler-Natta催化剂中,多相钛催化剂能获得嵌段共聚物,但呈宽分子量分布。没有一种聚合物的r1r2>2.0又是呈窄分子量分布的。
M.Galimberti等人在Macromolecules,32,(1999)7968中报导了几种乙烯-丙烯嵌段共聚物,但这些共聚物是完全全同立构(全同立构规整度指数=1.0)共聚物。美国专利6111046提供了其中丙烯序列具有无规立构结构的、基本上呈无定形的乙烯与丙烯的共聚物。美国专利5700896提供了一种含有长的全同立构序列的,但属无规共聚物的共聚物。
美国专利6232260公开了含有茚并吲哚基配体的过渡金属催化剂的用途。虽然已提及可采用烯烃混合物,但所有实施例都是乙烯的聚合或乙烯与1-丁烯的共聚合。没有表明能否形成嵌段共聚物,也没有任何控制立体化学结构的说明。
待审查专利申请09/859332(2001年5月17日提出申请)公开了一种在含有两个非桥链结构茚并吲哚基配体的第3-5族过渡金属催化剂存在下丙烯的聚合方法,其中形成的聚丙烯含有全同立构和无规立构的立体嵌段序列。没有制备任何共聚物,也没有说明该方法可适用于共聚合。
一般来说,高度全同立构(全同立构规整度指数>0.90)共聚物是基本上结晶的。虽然结晶度能提高聚合物的劲度,但常会降低聚合物的弹性性能。反之,具有低立构规整度(全同立构规整度指数<0.4)的共聚物通常是软而柔韧的,但强度较低并可能有发粘的感觉。具有中等立构规整度的共聚物既会保留高度全同立构共聚物的一些劲度和强度,又会具有较高的柔韧性和较低的粘性。
“嵌段”共聚物,即r1r2值大于2.0的共聚物,是可与各种其它聚合物如聚乙烯、聚丙烯、弹性体聚烯烃等高度相容的。此外,嵌段共聚物还具有较高的热性能。
呈窄分子量分布(Mw/Mn)的共聚物与呈较宽分子量分布Mw/Mn值的聚合物相比,因其常常具有较高的强度和机械性能,所以是合乎需要的。
尽管在这一领域已进行了大量的研究工作,但仍然只可获得最多具有两种所需特征的共聚物。然而,需要的是一种具有所有三种特征即嵌段状的,呈窄分子量分布以及具有立体有规性的共聚物,其中立体有规性不是指具有高度全同立构的构型,而是指含有较长的全同立构序列。具有所有三种特征的共聚物应具备优良的弹性、热塑性弹性性能(高抗拉强度、高伸长率、高弹性回复率)以及优良的与许多烯烃聚合物的相容性。
发明内容
本发明涉及α-烯烃与第二种烯烃的嵌段共聚物。该嵌段共聚物的全同立构规整度指数为0.40-0.90,分子量分布(Mw/Mn)低于6.0。此外,该共聚物基本上具有嵌段结构,烯烃单体的竞聚率乘积(r1r2)大于2.0。本发明的共聚物具有优良的弹性和热塑性弹性性能,并可与许多烯烃聚合物相容。
本发明还提供共聚方法和聚烯烃嵌段共聚物与第二种聚合物的共混物。共聚方法是在活化剂与含有两个非桥连结构的茚并吲哚基配体的第3-5族过渡金属催化剂存在下实施的。
具体实施方式
适用于共聚合的α-烯烃是C3-C20α-烯烃(如丙烯、1-丁烯、1-己烯和1-辛烯)。优选的α-烯烃是丙烯、1-丁烯、1-己烯和1-辛烯。特别优选的是丙烯。第二种烯烃是与第一种烯烃不同的。适用的第二种烯烃是C2-C20α-烯烃,如乙烯、丙烯、1-丁烯、1-己烯和1-辛烯。优选的第二种烯烃是乙烯、丙烯、1-丁烯、1-己烯和1-辛烯。特别优选的是乙烯。α-烯烃与第二种烯烃的优选组合是丙烯与乙烯的组合。可使用第三种烯烃。适用的第三种烯烃是C2-C20α-烯烃如乙烯、丙烯、1-丁烯、1-己烯、1-辛烯以及非共轭二烯如1,5-己二烯和2,5-降冰片二烯。优选的是,嵌段共聚物包含高于60摩尔%丙烯单元,而更优选的是包含高于80摩尔%丙烯单元。
聚合物或共聚物的立构规整度会影响它们的性能。名词“立构规整度”是指聚合物的立体化学构型。例如,相邻单体单元的构型可以是相同或是相反的。如果所有单体单元的构型都相同,则称该聚合物为“全同立构”聚合物。如果相邻单体单元的构型是相反的,且这种交替的构型沿整个聚合物链延续的话,则称该聚合物为“间同立构”聚合物。如果单体单元的构型是无规的话,则称该聚合物为“无规立构”聚合物。当两个连接的单体单元(二单元组)的构型是相同的,则称此二单元组为全同立构或“内消旋”(m)二单元组。当该两单体单元的构型是相反的,则称该二单元组为“外消旋”(r)二单元组。对于相邻三个单体单元(三单元组)来说,可有三种可能性。如果相邻的三个单体单元的构型是相同的,则以mm表示该三单元组。以rr表示中间单体单元的构型与其相邻两个单元的构型相反的三单元组。如果相邻的两个单体单元的构型相同,但与第三个单体单元的构型不同,则以mr表示该三单元组的立构构型。共聚物构型可通过13C核磁共振光谱来测定。如Macromolecules,6,(1973),925(已在本文中引用以供参考)和PCT Int.Appl.WO 00/01745中所述。关于聚合物立体化学的更详细的信息可参见G.Odian,Principles ofPolymerization,第二版(1981),第568-580页。
单体单元的构型会影响聚合物性能。例如,高度全同立构聚丙烯容易形成结晶结构并具有优良的耐化学性和耐热性。与全同立构聚丙烯不同,无规立构聚丙烯是呈无定形的。它的耐化学性和耐热性较全同立构聚丙烯低。无规立构聚丙烯主要用于粘合剂。
为了对聚合物的立构规整度进行定量,我们从三单元组的构型表计算全同立构规整度指数。“所谓全同立构规整度指数”,是指具有相同构型的三单元组的数量除以所有三单元组总数之商。因此,全同立构规整度指数=mm/[mm+mr+rr]。完全全同立构共聚物的全同立构规整度指数为1.0。当全同立构规整度指数大于0.9时,则该共聚物是高度全同立构聚合物。完全无规立构共聚物的全同立构规整度指数为0.25。本发明的共聚物并不是呈高度全同立构构型,而是含有较长的全同立构序列,还可存在无规立构序列嵌段的共聚物。该共聚物的特征在于全同立构规整度指数为0.4-0.9,优选0.45-0.80。
该共聚物呈窄分子量分布。分子量分布可通过凝胶渗透色谱法测定,它是重均分子量(Mw)与数均分子量(Mn)之比。所谓窄分子量分布,是指Mw/Mn小于6.0,优选小于4.0的分子量分布。分子量分布会影响聚合物性能如韧度和加工性。
两种烯烃的反应活性会影响它们在聚合物链中的分布。单体竞聚率乘积可通过13C核磁共振谱来测定,如在Macromolecules,15(1982)1150中所述。例如,对于乙烯-丙烯共聚物来说,测定结果显示出相应于PP、EE和PE序列的二单元组。单体竞聚率乘积可由该二单元组计算,r1r2=EE(PP/(PE/2)2)。当共聚单体序列分布呈无规分布,则r1r2为约1.0。共聚单体呈交替分布的r1r2小于1.0,而每种共聚单体呈嵌段分布的共聚物的r1r2大于1.0。r1r2越大,嵌段序列越长。本发明的共聚物是嵌段共聚物,其r1r2大于2.0,优选大于2.5。
嵌段共聚物可通过α-烯烃与第二种烯烃在活化剂和第3-5族过渡金属催化剂存在下进行共聚合而制得。优选的催化剂含有两个从茚并吲哚化合物衍生的茚并吲哚基配体。所谓“茚并吲哚化合物”,是指既有吲哚环又有茚环的有机化合物。它们是由两个各自五元环经共享两个碳原子而稠合成的。茚并吲哚基配体相互间不是桥连的。
该催化剂优选具有下列通式:
Figure C0381810500081
式中M是第3-5族过渡金属。优选M是锆。茚并吲哚基配体L1和L2是以π键与M键合的。L1和L2可以是相同的或不相同的,优选具有下列两种不同的结构:
Figure C0381810500082
Figure C0381810500083
R1优先选自烷基、芳基、芳烷基和甲硅烷基基团。实例是甲基、叔丁基、苯基和三甲代甲硅烷基基团。R2-R10是相同的或不相同的,优先选自氢、烷基、芳基、芳烷基、甲硅烷基、卤素、烷氧基、芳氧基、甲硅烷氧基、硫醚、硝基、氨基基团等。
催化剂含有两个其它配体X1和X2,它们可以是相同的或不相同的。它们优先选自卤素、烷氧基、芳氧基、甲硅烷氧基、二烷基氨基、二芳基氨基以及烃基基团。活泼的配体如卤素是特别优选的。
适用催化剂的实例包括二-(2-氯-5-苯基-5,10-二氢茚并[1,2-b]吲哚基)·二氯合锆(结构I)、二-(5-苯基-5,10-二氢茚并[1,2-b]吲哚基)·二氯合锆(结构II)、二-(5,8-二甲基-5,10-二氢茚并[1,2-b]吲哚基)·二氯合锆(结构III)及二-(5-三甲代甲硅烷基-8-甲基-5,10-二氢茚并[1,2-b]吲哚基)·二氯合锆(结构IV)。更优选的催化剂是二-(2-氯-5-苯基-5,10-二氢茚并[1,2-b]吲哚基)·二氯合锆(结构I)。
Figure C0381810500101
催化剂可通过任何一种已知方法来制备。美国专利6232260详细地介绍了如何制备茚并吲哚基催化剂的方法。例如催化剂III可按下述流程来制备:
Figure C0381810500111
该催化剂是经活化的。适用的活化剂包括铝氧烷、烷基铝、卤化烷基铝、硼或铝的阴离子化合物、三烷基硼和三芳基硼化合物。实例包括甲基铝氧烷(MAO)、聚合的MAO(PMAO)、乙基铝氧烷、二异丁基铝氧烷、三乙基铝、二乙基氯化铝、三甲基铝、三异丁基铝、四(五氟苯基)硼酸锂、四(五氟苯基)铝酸锂、四(五氟苯基)硼酸二甲基铝、四(五氟苯基)硼酸三苯甲酯、三(五氟苯基)硼烷、三苯基硼烷、三正辛基硼烷等,以及它们的混合物。
活化剂的选择取决于许多因素,其中包括所用的催化剂和所希望的共聚物性能。例如,对于丙烯与乙烯的共聚合来说,当采用二(2-氯-5-苯基-5,10-二氢茚并[1,2-b]吲哚基)·二氯合锆为催化剂而以MAO作为活化剂时,制得的共聚物与以三异丁基铝和四(五氟苯基)硼酸三苯甲酯混合物作为活化剂制得的共聚物相比,具有较高的全同立构规整度指数和较长的嵌段序列。
任选的是,催化剂可固定在载体上。载体优选为多孔材料如无机氧化物和氯化物以及有机聚合物树脂。优选的无机氧化物包括第2、3、4、5、13或14族元素的氧化物。优选的载体包括二氧化硅、三氧化铝、氧化硅-氧化铝、氧化镁、二氧化钛、氧化锆、氯化镁以及交联聚苯乙烯。
可采用多种聚合方法,可在气相中、本体中、溶液中或淤浆中实施聚合。聚合反应能在较宽的温度范围内进行。优选的聚合温度在约0℃-约150℃范围内,更优选在约25℃-约100℃范围内。
这些共聚物的独特结构使其能成为优良的共混成分。较长的全同立构序列会提高与其它聚合物和共聚物的相容性并使共混物具有较高的性能如较高的冲击强度、韧度和透明性。该共聚物可与若干加成或缩合聚合物或共聚物中的任何一种相共混,这些聚合物如聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚乙烯醇、聚氯乙烯、EPDM、聚酰胺或聚碳酸酯。优选的是与聚烯烃如聚丙烯、聚乙烯或LLDPE相共混。其中优选的共混物是与聚丙烯的共混物,特别优选的是与全同立构聚丙烯的共混物。
下列实施例只是为了说明本发明。本技术领域的技术人员都会知道在本发明精神和权利要求规定的范围内的许多变体。
实施例A
催化剂1:二(2-氯-5-苯基-5,10-二氢茚并[1,2-b]吲哚基)·二氯合锆的制备
在100毫升圆底烧瓶中,混合50毫升乙醇、4毫升H2SO4、5.09克5-氯-二氢-1-茚酮(0.0306摩尔)和6.74克N,N-二苯基肼盐酸盐(0.0306摩尔),并加热回流4小时。当冷却反应混合物就会离析出棕色固体,在乙醇中重结晶可得7.55克茚并吲哚产物(产率72%)。
在干燥的氮气氛下,将2.37克(0.0075摩尔)2-氯-5-苯基-5,10-二氢茚并[1,2-b]吲哚在40毫升己烷中制成淤浆。向淤浆添加5.6毫升2.0摩尔正丁基锂的环己烷溶液。在室温和氮气氛下搅拌混合物67小时。过滤产生的黄色固体,用己烷洗涤并在真空下干燥(得产物1.8克,产率67%)。
将上述锂盐(0.9克,0.0028摩尔)溶解于4毫升甲苯与0.5毫升二乙醚混合物中。将四氯化锆(0.34克,0.0014摩尔)在10毫升二乙醚与4毫升甲苯的混合物中制成淤浆。在25℃和干燥氮气氛下将锂盐溶液缓缓地加入到淤浆中。然后在25℃下搅拌混合物40小时。过滤出得到的橙色固体,用二乙醚洗涤并在真空下干燥(得产物0.72克,产率58%)。
实施例B
在干燥箱的惰性气氛中,将5毫克实施例A制备的催化剂1与1.9毫升10重量%MAO甲苯溶液和3毫升甲苯相混合制成催化剂和活化剂溶液。使该溶液静置30分钟后加到聚合反应器中。
实施例C
在干燥箱的惰性气氛中,将5毫克实施例A制备的催化剂1与12毫克四(五氟苯基)硼酸三苯甲酯、1.5毫升三异丁基铝(25重量%庚烷溶液)和3.5毫升甲苯相混合制成催化剂和活化剂溶液。使该溶液静置30分钟后加到聚合反应器中。
实施例1-9
共聚物制备
共聚反应是在1升带搅拌器的不锈钢反应器中进行的。在室温下,向反应器加入400ml干燥的无氧丙烯。然后,加入0.8毫升25重量%三异丁基铝的庚烷(400毫升)溶液,并用50毫升异丁烷冲洗入反应器中。加入乙烯气体使反应器的压力升高至表1中所示的20、40或60磅/平方英寸表压以达到所要求的丙烯/乙烯比。通过添加1.0毫升如表1所示的实施例B或C的催化剂溶液,随后用50毫升异丁烷冲洗使聚合反应开始。乙烯的供入要求保持反应器的压力而温度保持在25℃。聚合15分钟后,将反应器排空以除去剩余的单体和异丁烷。从反应器中取出聚合物,在1升甲醇中浸泡过液,然后过滤和干燥。表1列出了共聚合条件和聚合物性能。
表1
聚合结果
Figure C0381810500141
全同立构规整度指数是采用与PCT Int.Appl.WO 00/01745中所述的相同技术以13CNMR数据计算的。
对照实施例1和对照实施例6是丙烯均聚物。实施例2和3是复验样聚合以显示本发明是可重现的。实施例2-5和7-9说明形成了具有所有三种所需特性的共聚物,即形成了r1r2大于2,呈窄分子量分布以及并不是呈高度全同立构构型而是含有较长的全同立构序列的嵌段共聚物。实施例2-5和7-9还表明,与均聚物制备相比有较高的分子量和较高的产率。
实施例10和11
r1r2大于2的单一共聚物具有较长的嵌段。由r1r2分别为约1.0的无规共聚物经混合形成的共聚物组合物的r1r2值也可能大于2.0。常规Ziegler-Natta聚合物被认为具有一般高的r1r2值,因为它们基本上是无规聚合物的混合物。为了确定本发明的共聚物不是简单的无规共聚物的混合物,对共聚物进行了分级研究。如果这些共聚物是无规共聚物的简单混合物,应可预期每一级分的r1r2为约1.0。另一方面,如果这些共聚物基本上是嵌段状共聚物,则每一级分的r1r2应大于2.0。
实施例10
将实施例3的共聚物压塑成约75-100微米厚的薄膜,并切成约12毫米的方块。然后取5克这种薄膜片放入盛有400毫升己烷的烧瓶中,并在室温下搅拌50分钟。用筛网滤出不溶物质并干燥之。使己烷可溶的共聚物在甲醇中再沉淀并干燥之。总的回收率为96%。己烷不溶级分为初始聚合物重量的53%,并具有下述特性:Mw=404000,Mw/Mn=3.8,结合的乙烯=10.3摩尔%,r1r2=3.6。己烷可溶级分为初始聚合物重量的43%,并具有下述特性:Mw=257000,Mw/Mn=3.9,结合的乙烯=12.4摩尔%,r1r2=3.1。
上述步骤将共聚物分离成具有不同分子量和不同共聚单体含量的级分。每一级分都有高r1r2,说明该共聚单体是以嵌段形态分布在整个聚合物组成中的。
实施例11
将实施例4的共聚物压塑成约75-100微米厚的薄膜,并切成约12毫米的方形片。然后取5克这种薄膜片放入盛有400毫升己烷的烧瓶中,并在室温下搅拌90分钟。用筛网滤出不溶物质并干燥之。使己烷可溶的共聚物在甲醇中再沉淀并干燥之。总回收率为90%。己烷不溶级分为初始聚合物重量的22%,并具有下述特性:Mw=459000,Mw/Mn=3.5,结合的乙烯=12.5摩尔%,r1r2=4.0。己烷可溶级分为初始聚合物重量的68%,并具有下述特性:Mw=287000,Mw/Mn=4.0,结合的乙烯=22摩尔%,r1r2=3.0。
上述步骤将共聚物分离成具有不同分子量和不同共聚单体含量的级分。每一级分的r1r2都大于2.0,说明该共聚单体是以嵌段形态分布在整个聚合物组成中的。
因此,实施例10和11证明了该共聚物不是不同分子量和不同共聚单体含量的无规共聚物的简单混合物。

Claims (5)

1.一种包含大于60摩尔%丙烯和乙烯的重复单元的嵌段共聚物,该嵌段共聚物具有下列特征:
(a)全同立构规整度指数为0.40-0.90;
(b)分子量分布小于6.0;及
(c)r1r2大于2.0,其中r1r2是丙烯与乙烯的竞聚率的乘积。
2.一种生产权利要求1中所述嵌段共聚物的方法,包括在活化剂和含有两个非桥连结构的茚并吲哚基配体的第4族过渡金属催化剂存在下使丙烯与乙烯共聚合,其中所得的嵌段共聚物具有全同立构和无规立构的立体嵌段序列。
3.权利要求2的方法,其中催化剂具有下列通式:
Figure C038181050002C1
式中M为第4族过渡金属;X1和X2是相同或不相同的,并选自卤素、烷氧基、芳氧基、甲硅烷氧基、二烷基氨基和烃基配体;L1和L2是相同的或不相同的,并选自:
Figure C038181050002C2
式中R1选自烷基、芳基、芳烷基和甲硅烷基基团;R2-R10是相同的或不相同的,并选自氢、烷基、芳基、芳烷基、甲硅烷基、卤素、烷氧基、芳氧基、甲硅烷氧基、硫醚、硝基、二烷基氨基和二芳基氨基基团。
4.权利要求2的方法,其中聚合反应是在温度为0-150℃范围内进行的。
5.一种共混物,包含聚丙烯和权利要求1的嵌段共聚物。
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