CN100387419C - Method for manufacturing three-dimensional object by use of spray coating successively - Google Patents
Method for manufacturing three-dimensional object by use of spray coating successively Download PDFInfo
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- CN100387419C CN100387419C CNB2006100378082A CN200610037808A CN100387419C CN 100387419 C CN100387419 C CN 100387419C CN B2006100378082 A CNB2006100378082 A CN B2006100378082A CN 200610037808 A CN200610037808 A CN 200610037808A CN 100387419 C CN100387419 C CN 100387419C
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Abstract
The present invention discloses a method for fabricating a three-dimensional object by spraying layer by layer. The method comprises the processes: a computer solid model of a three-dimensional object is established and is sliced and layered; a computer controls a printing spray head to make set printing motion and spray UV liquid materials according to the forming information of each layer, and subsequently, ultraviolet light is used for solidifying the UV liquid materials so as to form a layer sheet having the same shape with the forming information of each layer and has certain strength; supporting materials are sprayed and filled in the region which is not sprayed for supporting; the layers are stuck and superposed one by one, and finally, the designed three-dimensional object is manufactured; filled support materials of each layer are removed so as to obtain the three-dimensional object corresponding to the computer solid model. The present invention can be used for fabricating the three-dimensional object having a complicated shape with high speed, reliability, safety and low cost, and a full color three-dimensional object. The forming materials used by the forming method are nontoxic, and thus, the three-dimensional object can be fabricated by using the present invention in office environment.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the object forming method of three-dimensional structure, is the method for a kind of employing spraying method making successively three-dimensional body specifically.
Background technology
Rapid shaping technique is a kind of quick Fabrication instrument from the Computerized three-dimensional entity to physical entity, and it is fit to make the functor of prototype and small lot, and the material of the part of making can be materials such as ceramic material, metal material, paper, photosensitive resin.Rapid shaping technique technology relatively more commonly used has ultraviolet curing process, selective laser sintering, the manufacturing of fuse deposition, laminated solid mass manufacturing and 3 D-printing etc.
More than several technologies can both make complicated three-dimensional structure, but have following defective: 1) precision is lower.As the precision of the ultraviolet curing process that adopts the laser curing photosensitive resin three-dimensional structure of making is about 0.1mm, the three-dimensional structure precision that selective laser sintering technology, fuse deposition manufacturing process and laminated solid mass manufacturing process are made all is lower than 0.1mm, adopts powder also all to be lower than 0.1mm as the precision of the three-dimensional structure of the 3 D-printing technology making of moulding material.2) shaping speed is slow.Ultraviolet curing process adopts the laser beam curing photosensitive resin to form the curing lines mostly, forms to solidify synusia again; Selective laser sintering technology is to adopt laser beam deposite metal powder or other alloy powder to form the sintering lines, forms the sintering synusia again; Fuse deposition manufacturing process be adopt low melting material in intensification, fusing after nozzle ejection forms the lines that solidify, form the synusia that solidifies again.More than three kinds of technologies all be to be piled into line by point, be piled into face by line again, be piled into three-dimensional structure by a plurality of faces at last, therefore, molding time is all longer.Laminated solid mass is made Wang Yishi and is cut out every layer profile by laser instrument, and every layer non-entity area chopping, therefore, the time in the time of processing thin-walled is longer again, and stock utilization is low.Adopt the 3 D-printing technology of powder as moulding material, though the shaping speed compared with other four kinds of technologies is fast, but every layer of preceding supporting processes such as powder, shop powder that supply of processing need the regular hour, the three-dimensional structure of processing generally all has several thousand synusia, and the accumulated time of supporting process gets up also many.3) can only make monochromatic or polychrome but opaque three-dimensional structure.Except that 3 D-printing technology, other four kinds of moulding process all can only be made monochromatic three-dimensional structure, can't produce colored three-dimensional body, and for aspects such as the conceptual design of product and appearance designs, product has just lacked color representation power like this; Present 3 D-printing technology, because of adopting opaque granular materials such as land plaster, starch, ceramic powder mostly, though the three-dimensional body of making is colored, but can't make colored transparent three-dimensional body, and the precision of the three-dimensional body of present 3 D-printing technology making is all lower, needs a large amount of postprocessing working procedures could obtain high-quality surface quality.
Summary of the invention
The object of the present invention is to provide a kind of forming method that can make high-precision, complicated, full color, transparent or semitransparent three-dimensional body fast, reliably, safely, cheaply to adopt the method for the three-dimensional body of spraying method making successively one by one.
The present invention is that the following technical scheme of utilization realizes goal of the invention:
A. set up the computer mock-up of three-dimensional body, it is carried out slicing delamination, obtain every layer shaping information;
B. the computer control printing head is done the printing campaign of setting and is sprayed the UV liquid material according to shaping information according to the shaping information of ground floor, with ultraviolet light the UV liquid material is solidified subsequently, form the synusia equiform with the ground floor shaping information, that certain intensity is arranged; Spray backing material in not injected zone with another printing head and fill, as the support of next synusia;
C. on ground floor, the computer control printing head is done the printing campaign of setting and is sprayed the UV fluent material according to shaping information according to the shaping information of the second layer again, with ultraviolet light the UV liquid material is solidified, form the synusia equiform with second layer shaping information, that certain intensity is arranged; Simultaneously, the second layer and ground floor are bonded to an integral body; Spray backing material in not injected zone with another printing head and fill, as the support of next synusia;
D. produce each layer according to every layer shaping information successively, be bonded to an integral body with last layer simultaneously, like this, bonding stack layer by layer finally produces the three-dimensional body that designs in computer;
E. remove the backing material of every layer of filling, promptly obtain and the corresponding three-dimensional body of computer mock-up.
The UV liquid material of making three-dimensional body is comparatively responsive to the ultraviolet light of wavelength 200-400nm.The UV liquid material comprises oligomer, activated monomer, light trigger, colouring agent and other auxiliary agent.(1) oligomer is the low polymer that contains unsaturated functional group, and its non-limiting example is polyurethane acrylate, polyester acrylate, polyether acrylate, epoxy acrylate and various modification acrylate.Preferred this oligomer is that liquid has required low viscosity to keep UV liquid, and preferably its degree of functionality greater than one.If oligomer is the material of on-liquid state, it should dissolve in the liquid component of described active material.(2) activated monomer mainly is in order to improve the viscosity of oligomer.The bifunctionality activated monomer comprises and at least aly is selected from 1, the monomer of 4-butanediol, neopentyl glycol, ethylene glycol, diethylene glycol (DEG), triethylene glycol, polyethylene glycol and diacrylate.Three or higher official can activated monomer comprise at least a monomer that is selected from ethoxylated trimethylolpropane acrylate and propoxylated glycerol acrylate.Preferred bifunctional monomer is tri (propylene glycol) diacrylate (TPGDA) and 1,6-hexanediyl ester (HDDA), and preferred trifunctional monomer is trimethylolpropane triacrylate (TMPTA), pentaerythritol triacrylate (PETA).(3) light trigger absorbs energy and excites generation free radical or cation.Free radical photo-initiation is derivative (as benzoin ether, benzil ketals etc.), acetophenone derivs (as to phenoxy group 2 α, 12 hydroxyl ring ethylo benzene ethyl ketones etc.), the aromatic ketone photoinitiator (as benzophenone, chlorinated diphenyl ketone etc.) of benzoin and benzil ketals; Cation light initiator is the acylphosphine compound.(4) colouring agent has determined the color and the optical characteristics of three-dimensional structure, is preferably thermally-stabilised and water-insoluble.(5) auxiliary agent comprises dispersant, lubricant, intensifier, filler, accelerator etc., and it has influence on the term of validity of the curing rate of printing ink and use and thicknesses of layers etc.Can contain fillers such as colloid or nano particle in the UV fluent material, as silica, organic matter, metal or alloy.Liquid viscosity at room temperature is 2-1000cps.Liquid 50-130 ℃, can spray when viscosity is lower than 30cps.
The backing material of filling every layer of white space or non-entity area can be more low-melting material, as fusing point at 40-160 ℃ animal wax, vegetable wax, mineral wax, synthetic wax etc.; Can be by the more diffluent material of organic solvent dissolution, as ester class material; Can be to be easy to water-soluble material, as inorganic salts materials such as ammonium chlorides; Also can be the material that easily distils, as organic naphthalene material.
Be pointed out that, though moulding material is known as " UV liquid material " or " backing material " in this patent, but these materials also can be replaced mutually, promptly make three-dimensional structure with " backing material ", form the support section of this three-dimensional structure with " UV liquid material ".But generally speaking, wish that the material that is used to form three-dimensional structure has the performance that is superior to the material that is used to form support section, as have more performance such as high strength and hardness.
It is a plurality of making the printing head that uses in the process of three-dimensional structure, can spray fluent material that constitutes the three-dimensional structure body and the backing material that constitutes every layer of support of three-dimensional structure respectively, and printing head is according to the principle work of piezo inkjet technology.The aperture size of the nozzle of shower nozzle be 1-100 μ m and (or) size of the drop that sprayed is 1-200pl.
The thickness maximum that constitutes the synusia of three-dimensional structure can reach 300 μ m, and minimum can be 1 μ m.
Speed and precision that the present invention makes three-dimensional structure are much higher than quick shaping process such as common ultraviolet curing process, the manufacturing of fuse deposition, laminated solid mass manufacturing; Fluent material that the present invention adopts and backing material cost also are significantly less than the moulding material that other several quick shaping process use.Therefore, the present invention can be fast, reliable, safety, make that shape is extremely complicated, full color, transparent or semitransparent, high-precision three-dimensional structure at low cost.Because the moulding material that uses all is nontoxic, and in the process, does not have any dust and discharge pollutants, therefore, be fit to very much use in the working environment the present invention to make three-dimensional structure.
Description of drawings
Shown in Figure 1 is the moulding flow chart of making three-dimensional structure;
Shown in Figure 2 is the framework schematic diagram of making three-dimensional structure.
Comprise printing head carriage 1 among the above figure, printing head 2, printing head carriage X is to guide rail 4, printing head carriage Y is to guide rail 3, printing head rinse bath 5, shaping substrate 6, moulding entity area 7, moulding supporting zone 8, Z is to workbench 9, UV light source 10, computer 11, printing head control circuit 12, printing head X-Y position control circuit 13, lifting platform control circuit 14, UV control circuit for light source 15.
The specific embodiment
The present invention is further illustrated below in conjunction with drawings and Examples.
As shown in Figure 1 and Figure 2, to make the detailed process of three-dimensional body as follows for the method that adopts spraying method successively to make three-dimensional body:
Design the three-dimensional CAD model of the three-dimensional structure of required processing by computer, this three-dimensional CAD model is carried out the entity slicing delamination, form a series of two dimension slicings with high-speed computation ability.The thickness of each section can be identical, also can be inequality, and the thickness of each section is at 1 μ m-300 μ m.Computer 11 is controlled each mechanism respectively according to the shaping information of each layer and is done the coordinated movement of various economic factors.Particularly, when making beginning, computer 11 is issued printing head control circuit 12 to the ground floor machining information, certain or certain several shower nozzles that printing head control circuit 12 drives in the printing heads 2 eject the UV liquid material by the shape of this layer, solidified rapidly by UV light source 10 subsequently, form entity area 7, certain or certain several shower nozzles in printing head 2 spray in the UV liquid material, another shower nozzle in the printing head 2 sprays the zone that backing material is filled the not injected UV liquid material of this layer, forms supporting zone 8.Then, computer is issued printing head control circuit 12 to the following shaping information of one deck and is ejected UV liquid material and backing material, and forms new cured layer in UV light source irradiation back.So repeatedly, printing from level to level and bonding, thus quick Fabrication goes out three-dimensional structure. Remove every layer backing material, and, can obtain quality part preferably through certain post-processing.
Shown in Figure 2 is the apparatus structure framework schematic diagram of making three-dimensional structure.The structure that application the present invention makes the shaped device (except that computer) of three-dimensional structure comprises: printing head carriage 1, printing head 2, printing head carriage X are to guide rail 3, and printing head carriage Y is to guide rail 4, printing head rinse bath 5, shaping substrate 6, Z be to workbench 9, UV light source 10, printing head control circuit 12, printing head X-Y position control circuit 13, lifting platform control circuit 14, UV control circuit for light source 15 etc.Printing head carriage 1 is done two-way linear along directions X and is moved; Printing head is done plane motion to guide rail 3, printing head carriage Y to guide rail along printing head carriage X in X-Y plane; Z moves up and down to workbench 9 vertical direction.Every printing a period of time, printing head 2 cleans in printing head rinse bath 5 under the drive of printing head carriage 1, and is not blocked to guarantee shower nozzle.
Table 1 is the ratio of each main component of UV liquid material of the present invention.
The composition of table 1UV liquid material
| Composition | Volume content (%) |
| Oligomer | 40-60 |
| Activated monomer | 10-20 |
| Colouring agent | 15-23 |
| Light trigger | 3-10 |
| Other auxiliary agents | 1-3 |
Claims (4)
1. method that adopts spraying method successively to make three-dimensional body, its step is as follows:
A. set up the computer mock-up of three-dimensional body, it is carried out slicing delamination, obtain every layer shaping information;
B. the computer control printing head is done the printing campaign of setting and is sprayed the UV liquid material according to shaping information according to the shaping information of ground floor, with ultraviolet light the UV liquid material is solidified subsequently, form the synusia equiform with the ground floor shaping information, that certain intensity is arranged; Spray backing material in not injected zone with another printing head and fill, as the support of next synusia;
C. on ground floor, the computer control printing head is done the printing campaign of setting and is sprayed the UV fluent material according to shaping information according to the shaping information of the second layer again, with ultraviolet light the UV liquid material is solidified, form the synusia equiform with second layer shaping information, that certain intensity is arranged; Simultaneously, the second layer and ground floor are bonded to an integral body; Spray backing material in not injected zone with another printing head and fill, as the support of next synusia;
D. produce each layer according to every layer shaping information successively, be bonded to an integral body with last layer simultaneously, like this, bonding stack layer by layer finally produces the three-dimensional body that designs in computer;
E. remove the backing material of every layer of filling, promptly obtain and the corresponding three-dimensional body of computer mock-up.
2. the method for employing according to claim 1 spraying method making successively three-dimensional body, it is characterized in that: described UV fluent material is
A. this kind liquid is comparatively responsive to the ultraviolet light of wavelength 200-400nm, and liquid comprises oligomer, activated monomer, light trigger, colouring agent and other auxiliary agent;
B. liquid can contain colloid or nanoparticle fillers, as silica, organic matter, metal or alloy;
C. liquid viscosity at room temperature is 2-1000cps;
D. liquid can spray in 50-130 ℃ temperature range, and in this temperature range, the viscosity of liquid is lower than 30cps.
3. according to the method for the spraying method making successively of the employing described in the claim 1 three-dimensional body, it is characterized in that: described backing material is
A. more low-melting animal wax, vegetable wax, mineral wax or synthetic wax, fusing point is at 40-160 ℃; Or
B. by the more diffluent ester class of organic solvent dissolution material; Or
C. backing material can be to be easy to water-soluble ammonium chloride; Or
D. the easy organic naphthalene that distils;
4. according to the method for claim 1 described employing spraying method making successively three-dimensional body, it is characterized in that: described slicing delamination can be every layer and have identical bed thickness also can have different bed thickness, and the excursion of bed thickness is at 1 μ m-300 μ m.
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| CNB2006100378082A CN100387419C (en) | 2006-01-16 | 2006-01-16 | Method for manufacturing three-dimensional object by use of spray coating successively |
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| CNB2006100378082A CN100387419C (en) | 2006-01-16 | 2006-01-16 | Method for manufacturing three-dimensional object by use of spray coating successively |
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| CN100387419C true CN100387419C (en) | 2008-05-14 |
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