CN100380609C - 半导体基片的uv增强的氧氮化 - Google Patents
半导体基片的uv增强的氧氮化 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
当使半导体基片暴露于O2与N2、N2O、H2和NH3中的一种或多种的气氛下时,通过使该基片经受UV辐射而在半导体基片上形成氧氮化物层或氧化层。此后,根据已知的四步栅叠介电处理技术形成氮化硅层。或者,使用三步栅叠法,即在UV氧化后,在NH3中进一步施加UV辐射,随后在惰性环境中进行快速热退火处理。通过使用UV氧化作为四步或三步栅叠法中的第一步,可以获得当量氧化物厚度(EOT)小于16和低至14.2的非常薄的复合介电膜,同时泄漏电流密度显著改善。
Description
发明领域
本发明一般涉及形成ULSI用超薄介电膜的方法。当用于由化学汽相沉积(CVD)法在硅半导体基片上形成氧氮化物薄膜时,该方法具有特别的优点。
发明背景
集成电路目前的趋势是当制造金属氧化物半导体(MOS)时使用超薄介电膜。典型地,通过在基本为纯氧的气氛中热氧化半导体硅片来形成栅氧化层(gate oxide layer)。然而,在超大规模集成(ULSI)电路中,金属氧化物半导体场效应半导体管(MOSFET)中的这种栅氧化层显示出不需要的特性,如相对高的缺陷密度和电荷陷获(charge trapping),以及相对低的可靠性和低的抗热载流子效应。为了获得非常薄的、具有所需当量氧化物厚度(equivalentoxide thickness,EOT)的介电膜,以及满足性能规格所需的所有其它质量要求,已对复合氧化物-氮化物介电体进行了实验。虽然氧氮化物中较高的氮含量是有益的,但其也可以使半导体管的迁移率下降。
一旦清洁了半导体基片表面,就对其进行一系列快速热加热处理(RTP)来形成多层栅叠(gate stack)。这些方法通常由以下步骤组成:(1)用一氧化氮(NO)生成氧氮化物层;(2)用快速热化学汽相沉积(RTCVD)法沉积氮化硅(SiNx)层;(3)在氨(NH3)环境中快速热退火该具有SiNx层的基片;和(4)在N2O环境中快速热退火该基片。在四步栅叠介电体生长中,通常认为这4个步骤是标准的。
第一步是最关键的。氧氮化物层生长步骤的目的如下:获得栅叠介电膜的非常薄的EOT;生成具有合适氮含量的氧氮化物层;生成这样的氧氮化物层,该氧氮化物层使施加在其上的氮化硅优质生长;和获得半导体管的高迁移率。
最通常地,用快速热NO或O2氧化来形成氧氮化物膜,其中将该基片在NO或O2气体的气氛中快速加热达控制的、通常很短的时间。当这种快速热NO或O2氧化是四步栅叠介电体生长法中的第一步时,最终在半导体上形成的介电膜的EOT几乎总是大于16埃()。在制造越来越薄栅叠介电体的趋势下,需要更薄的并且具有良好性能的氧氮化物层。不幸的是,当氧氮化物的EOT低于16时,生成的介电膜迅速变差,即漏电流密度显著增加。
已经发现,当氮化物层的物理厚度约为25和更低时,不理想地,发现沉积在二氧化硅层上的CVD氮化硅薄膜的表面粗糙度高(即,均方根(RMS)粗糙度约为10,甚至高达20)。已出版的研究论文表明,直到氮化硅薄膜的物理厚度超过约20才出现氮化物成核岛(nucleation island)的聚集。见H.Resinger和A.Spitzer,“Electrical Breakdown Induced by Silicon Nitride Roughnessin Thin Oxide-Nitride-Oxide Films,”J.Appl.Phys.,第79卷,第3028页(1996);M.Copel等人,“Nucleation of ChemicalVapor Deposited Silicon Nitride on Silicon Dioxide,”Appl.Phys.Lett.,第74卷,第1830页(1999);和Y.Hu等人,“An In-SituReal Time Measurement of the Incubation Time for Si Nucleationon SiO2 in a Rapid Thermal Process,”Appl.Phys.Lett.,第66卷,第700页(1995)。因此,由于在氧化层上生长氮化硅膜看起来是依赖于具有足够的成核位置,所以较薄的氮化物膜具有不能接受的表面粗糙度,而这样的表面粗糙度导致不能接受的栅介电特性。
近年来,一些研究表明,远距离等离子氧化可以改善超薄型氧化物界面。见Lucovsky等人,Appl.Phys.Lett.,第74卷,第2005页(1999)。不幸的是,远距离等离子氧化需要专用的处理设备,且使用起来复杂。因此仍然在寻找形成更多成核位置并降低薄氮化硅膜表面粗糙度的其它方法。此外,也仍然在寻找形成EOT更低且漏电流密度更低的介电膜的其它方法。
发明概述
根据本发明,使用UV氧化作为四步栅叠介电体生长法中的第一步而在半导体基片上形成氧氮化物层。与现有技术快速热NO或O2氧化相比,在我们的方法中,使半导体基片同时暴露于UV辐射与含O2和选自N2、NH3、N2O和H2中一种或多种气体的气态气氛下。优选地,半导体基片是硅。优选地,在约100-150℃的温度(优选为130℃)、约80-120托(优选为100托)的压力下,通过使基片表面暴露于(1)UV辐射(最大功率200瓦特的约50%-100%的功率,优选为70%的功率)和(2)气态气氛下约30-90秒(优选为60秒)而在基片表面上形成氧氮化物层。优选地,以约100-500SCCM(标准立方厘米/分钟)的流量引入O2,以约2,000-3,000SCCM的流量引入N2、NH3、N2O和/或H2,其中O2气体不到气氛中混合物的约20%。最优选地,该气氛由O2和N2气体组成,其中O2气体占气氛中混合物的约2-12%。
根据本发明,在通过UV氧化施加了氧氮化物层之后,进行已知四步栅叠法的其余步骤。通常使用化学汽相沉积将氮化硅层施加到氧氮化物层上。在有NH3气氛的情况下对具有SiNx层的基片退火,然后在有N2O气氛的情况下进行进一步退火。
在另一个优选的实施方案中,使半导体基片表面同时暴露于UV辐射与含O2和选自N2、NH3、N2O和H2中一种或多种气体的气氛下。在形成氧氮化物层之后,使半导体基片暴露于UV辐射和含NH3的气氛下。在约100-200℃(优选为150℃)的温度、约10-200托(优选为100托)的压力下,以约0.2-1.0SLPM(标准升/分钟)的流量引入NH3。在设置为最高功率200瓦特的约50-100%的功率(优选为70%的功率)下,施加UV辐射约2-30秒。然后,在约800-1000℃的温度下,在惰性环境(优选为流量为0.5-2 SLPM的N2)中,使用快速热处理对该基片退火约30-60秒。
已经发现,通过使用UV氧化作为四步(例如图1)栅介电生长法中的第一步,可以获得EOT值低于16埃()和低至14.2的复合介电膜。得到的介电膜的相关漏电流密度也非常低,在1.0E-01A/cm2的数量级。这比从现有技术(图3中的实线)中推断的值低一个数量级以上。
ITRS(International Technology Roadmap for Semiconductor,国际半导体技术线路图)规定要求,对于100纳米技术结点(node),栅介电的EOT应该为10厚,同时漏电流密度低于1.0A/cm2。预计,三步法(例如,图2)将产生质量相同或更好的介电体。因此,本方法提高了在半导体基片表面上形成的介电膜的质量。
附图简述
图1是本发明第一个实施方案的四步栅叠介电体生长法的示意流程图;
图2是本发明另一个实施方案的三步栅叠介电体生长法的示意流程图;和
图3是这样一幅图,该图将(i)当使用UV氧化来施加氧氮化物层时,和(ii)当使用常规的快速热处理来施加氧氮化物层时形成的栅叠介电膜的漏电流密度与当量氧化物厚度(EOT)的关系进行了对比。
优选实施方案详述
图1以示意图的形式描述了本发明的方法。在方法10的一个实施方案中,四步栅叠法的第一步12包括用UV氧化形成氧氮化物。第二步14包括使用快速热化学汽相沉积(CVD)法在该氧氮化物层上沉积氮化硅层。第三步16包括在使该基片暴露于NH3的气氛下时对该半导体基片退火。第四步18包括在使该基片暴露于N2O的气氛下时对该半导体基片进一步退火。
根据本发明,为了使硅表面氧化,将半导体基片(优选为半导体硅片)同时暴露于UV辐射与含O2和选自N2、NH3、N2O和H2中一种或多种气体的气氛下。基于对最终栅叠的椭圆偏振数据和电数据的分析,估计氧氮化物厚度一般为约6。在优选的实施方案中,UV辐射是由具有宽波长(200-1100纳米)输出的外部氙灯发射的。优选地,由这种氙灯发射的光子能量为6.2-1.1eV,该能量高于半导体基片的大多数键能,如:Si-Si=3.1eV;Si-H=3.0eV;Si-Cl=3.9eV;Si-N=4.0eV;Si-O=4.6eV。这些键在UV辐射下可以离解,但它们不应该电离,因为它们的电离电位远远超过10eV。
优选的方法包括以下步骤:
(1)用UV激发的臭氧非必要地干洗半导体基片,优选为半导体硅片的表面来除去有机残余物,然后进行HF-甲醇蒸气处理来除去任何生成的氧化物,然后使用UV激发的氯来除去金属污染物;
(2)使该半导体基片表面暴露于流量为约100-500SCCM的气态O2与流量为约2,000-3,000SCCM的选自N2、NH3、N2O和H2中的一种或多种气体的混合气体下约30-90秒,最优选为60秒。O2气体应该不到该气氛中混合物的20%。最优选地,气体混合物是O2和N2,同时O2占气氛中混合物的约2-12%。优选地,在约80-120托,最优选为100托的压力下,在设置为最高功率200瓦特的约50-100%,最优选为70%的功率下施加UV辐射。该气氛中的温度应该为约100-150℃,最优选为130℃,以便热生长氧氮化物层;
(3)使用化学汽相沉积(CVD)法将氮化硅的膜沉积在氧氮化物层上;
(4)在有NH3气氛的情况下对该基片退火;和
(5)在有N2O气氛的情况下对该基片进一步退火。
图2以示意图的形式描述了根据本发明的另一个方法。在此另一个实施方案20中,栅叠处理的第一步22包括用UV氧化形成氧氮化物。第二步24包括使该半导体基片暴露于UV辐射和NH3的气氛下。第三步26包括在惰性环境,例如N2气体中,使用快速热处理(RTP)对该半导体基片退火.
另一种优选的方法包括以下步骤:
(1)用UV激发的臭氧非必要地干洗半导体基片,优选为半导体硅片的表面来除去有机残余物,然后进行HF-甲醇蒸汽处理来除去任何生成的氧化物,然后使用UV激发的氯来除去金属污染物;
(2)使该半导体基片表面暴露于流量为约100-500SCCM的气态O2与流量为约2,000-3,000SCCM的选自N2、NH3、N2O和H2中的一种或多种气体的混合气体下约30-90秒,最优选为60秒。O2应该不到该气氛中气体混合物的20%。最优选地,该气体混合物是O2和N2,同时O2占该混合物的约5-12%。在设置为最高功率200瓦特的约50-100%,最优选为70%的功率下施加UV辐射。将该气氛维持在约80-120托,最优选为100托的压力和约100-150℃,最优选为130℃的温度下,以便热生长氧氮化物层;
(3)在约10-200托,最优选为00托的压力和约100-200℃,优选为150℃的温度下,使该半导体基片表面暴露于流量为约0.2-1.0SLPM的气态NH3和设置为最高功率200瓦特的约50-100%,最优选为70%的功率下的UV辐射约2-30秒;
(4)在惰性环境,最优选为N2气体中,使用快速热处理(RTP)对该半导体基片退火约30-60秒,其中在约800-1000℃的温度下进行退火。
用此方法在半导体基片上形成的介电膜具有显著提高的质量。获得了EOT值低于16和甚至低至14.2的复合电解质膜。得到的介电膜的相关漏电流密度也非常低,在1.0E-01A/cm2的数量级。已经发现,根据本发明的方法降低了获得的氮化物膜的表面粗糙度,从而提高了这种膜的栅介电特性。
进行实验而将本发明的方法与已知的方法进行比较。这些实验的结果示于下面的表1中。
根据本发明实施了实施例1、2和3。在实施例1中,在用RCA湿法和HF浸渍处理预清洁半导体基片表面后,引入气态混合物来开始栅叠处理。在150℃的温度、100托的压力下,以1000SCCM的流量引入O2气流。然后,在750℃的温度、1.5托的压力下,使用化学汽相沉积(CVD)法将氮化硅膜在该氧氮化物层上沉积25秒。然后,在NH3气氛中对该基片退火,在900℃的温度、450托的压力下,以5.5slm的流量引入NH3气流30秒。最终,在N2O气氛中对该基片退火;在800℃的温度、450托的压力下,以8slm的流量引入N2O气流30秒。在设置为70%(最高功率200瓦特)的功率下,施加由氙灯发射的UV辐射10秒从而当该表面暴露于O2气氛下时,在该半导体基片表面上热生长氧化层。通过电容测量法(为本领域普通技术人员熟知的C-V测量技术)确定得到的EOT为15.79(平均)。实施例1的其它参数列在表1中。
除了在实施例2和3中引入O2与N2的混合物来生长氧化层之外,与实施例1相似地实施实施例2和3。在实施例2中,在150℃、100托的压力下,以100SCCM O2与5000SCCM N2的流量引入这种混合物。在实施例3中,在150℃、100托的压力下,以200SCCM O2与3200SCCMN2的流量引入这种混合物。实施例3的EOT为14.2,实施例2的EOT为15.37。
图3以图的形式显示了表1中报道的代表性实施例的结果。在图3中,绘制了漏电流密度(单位:A/cm2)/介电膜的EOT(单位:)的关系曲线,其中通过(i)RT-NO氧化和(ii)新的UV氧化方法形成该氧氮化物层。显然,UV氧化作为四步堆叠法中的第一步制造的介电膜的EOT值(低至14.2)和漏电流密度都比使用RT-NO氧化作为该四步堆叠法中的第一步而形成的介电膜低。实验结果也说明,使用新的UV氧化法作为四步栅叠法中第一步形成的介电膜具有优异的均匀性。
本发明的上述描述说明并描述了优选的实施方案。然而,应该理解的是,本发明能够以各种其它组合、改进的形式使用并在其它环境中使用,并且能够在于本文中已经表述的本发明概念的范围内进行改变或改进。该描述不是用于将本发明限制为本文公开的形式。对本领域普通技术人员来说其它实施方案包括在附加的权利要求书范围内是显而易见的。
Claims (17)
1.一种作为栅叠形成法中一个步骤的、在半导体基片表面上形成氧氮化物膜的方法,其包括:
使该半导体基片暴露于含O2和选自N2、NH3和N2O中一种或多种气体以及任选的H2的气氛下;和
当使基片暴露于所述的气氛下时用UV辐射对该基片辐射从而在该基片表面上形成氧氮化物膜。
2.权利要求1的方法,其中该气氛是O2和N2,并且在80-120托的压力和100-150℃的温度下引入这些气体。
3.权利要求1的方法,其中用UV辐射对该半导体基片辐射30-90秒。
4.权利要求1的方法,其中在设置在最高功率200瓦特的50-100%的功率下施加UV辐射。
5.权利要求1的方法,其中该气氛包含O2和NH3的混合物。
6.权利要求1的方法,其中该气氛包含O2和N2O的混合物。
7.权利要求1的方法,其中该气氛包含O2、H2和N2的混合物。
8.权利要求1的方法,然后在氧氮化物膜上形成氮化硅层。
9.权利要求8的方法,然后当使该半导体基片暴露于NH3的气氛下时对其进行退火。
10.权利要求9的方法,然后当使该半导体基片暴露于N2O的气氛下时对其进行退火。
11.一种在栅叠形成法中在半导体基片的表面上形成氧氮化物膜的方法,其包括:
使该半导体基片暴露于含O2和N2的气氛下;
当使该基片暴露于所述的气氛下时用UV辐射对该基片辐射,从而在基片的表面上形成氧氮化物膜;
当使该基片暴露于NH3的气氛下时用UV辐射对该基片辐射;和
在惰性环境中,用快速热退火法对该基片退火。
12.权利要求11的方法,其中在80-120托的压力和100-150℃的温度下引入O2和N2气体。
13.权利要求11的方法,其中在O2和N2的气氛中辐射该半导体基片30-90秒。
14.权利要求11的方法,其中当使该半导体基片暴露于O2和N2气氛下时,在设置为最高功率200瓦特的50-100%的功率下施加UV辐射。
15.权利要求11的方法,其中在10-200托的压力和100-200℃的温度下引入NH3气体。
16.权利要求11的方法,其中当使该半导体基片暴露于NH3气体下时,在设置为最高功率200瓦特的50-100%的功率下施加UV辐射2-30秒。
17.权利要求11的方法,其中在800-1000℃的温度下进行退火30-60秒。
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JP2004253777A (ja) * | 2003-01-31 | 2004-09-09 | Nec Electronics Corp | 半導体装置及び半導体装置の製造方法 |
US7045746B2 (en) | 2003-11-12 | 2006-05-16 | Mattson Technology, Inc. | Shadow-free shutter arrangement and method |
KR100534210B1 (ko) * | 2004-01-13 | 2005-12-08 | 삼성전자주식회사 | 비휘발성 메모리 셀에서의 절연막 구조의 형성방법 |
US20060228898A1 (en) * | 2005-03-30 | 2006-10-12 | Cory Wajda | Method and system for forming a high-k dielectric layer |
US7517814B2 (en) * | 2005-03-30 | 2009-04-14 | Tokyo Electron, Ltd. | Method and system for forming an oxynitride layer by performing oxidation and nitridation concurrently |
US7501352B2 (en) * | 2005-03-30 | 2009-03-10 | Tokyo Electron, Ltd. | Method and system for forming an oxynitride layer |
US20070065593A1 (en) * | 2005-09-21 | 2007-03-22 | Cory Wajda | Multi-source method and system for forming an oxide layer |
US20070066084A1 (en) * | 2005-09-21 | 2007-03-22 | Cory Wajda | Method and system for forming a layer with controllable spstial variation |
US7635655B2 (en) * | 2006-03-30 | 2009-12-22 | Tokyo Electron Limited | Method for replacing a nitrous oxide based oxidation process with a nitric oxide based oxidation process for substrate processing |
US7601648B2 (en) * | 2006-07-31 | 2009-10-13 | Applied Materials, Inc. | Method for fabricating an integrated gate dielectric layer for field effect transistors |
US8168548B2 (en) * | 2006-09-29 | 2012-05-01 | Tokyo Electron Limited | UV-assisted dielectric formation for devices with strained germanium-containing layers |
KR102364708B1 (ko) * | 2017-07-12 | 2022-02-21 | 삼성디스플레이 주식회사 | 표시 장치의 제조 방법 |
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