CN100371161C - 纺织面聚氯乙烯地面覆盖物 - Google Patents

纺织面聚氯乙烯地面覆盖物 Download PDF

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CN100371161C
CN100371161C CNB2004800154517A CN200480015451A CN100371161C CN 100371161 C CN100371161 C CN 100371161C CN B2004800154517 A CNB2004800154517 A CN B2004800154517A CN 200480015451 A CN200480015451 A CN 200480015451A CN 100371161 C CN100371161 C CN 100371161C
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polyvinyl chloride
layer
covering
chloride layer
yarn
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CN1798649A (zh
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罗伯特·D·哈奇森
托德·M·谢尔
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Burlington Industries Inc
Mohawk Brands Inc
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Abstract

所述地面覆盖物包含多层,其中包括非织造基底层、施加于该非织造基底层的乙酸乙烯酯-乙烯共聚物预涂层和覆盖该预涂层的第一聚氯乙烯层。该玻璃纤维衬垫贴附在第一聚氯乙烯层之上,第二聚氯乙烯层施用于该衬垫之上。通过加热并加压将织造聚氯乙烯层层压至下方的第二聚氯乙烯层。织造聚氯乙烯层包含单丝或复丝芯部,优选但是不限于由聚氯乙烯涂层覆盖的聚酯细丝。

Description

纺织面聚氯乙烯地面覆盖物
技术领域
本发明涉及一种方块状的或卷式的地面或墙面覆盖物,特别地涉及纺织面聚氯乙烯地面覆盖物。
背景技术
地毯(特别是商业设施中的地毯)的一个主要和固有的缺点在于长期使用时地毯的美感特征的外观稳定性会下降。此外应该认识到,为满足商业要求而生产的地毯结构往往要牺牲地毯或垫子的其它合乎需要的性质,例如脚感舒适性。在选择用于市售地毯的材料时的另一重要考虑因素是该材料的回用性能。目前,通常将被更换的地毯运送至垃圾填埋场,而这种填埋场本身正变得日益稀缺;此外,很少(即使有的话)回用已废弃的或使用过的地毯。
此外,许多现有的市售地毯仅具有有限的强度特性。例如,许多市售地毯随着时间的流逝或被某些物体冲击时将分层,需要对该地毯进行更换。许多市售地毯的其它特性还有许多待改进之处。例如,许多市售地毯由聚氨酯形成,其仅具有防潮性,由此可能并且必然会随时间降解。此外,在许多商用地毯的铺设中,对纤维的毛圈不齐进行修剪是很常见的。这大大延长了初始安装地毯所需要的时间,从而增加了成本,而且通常需要除去随时间而变得松散的纤维。
发明内容
根据本发明的一个优选实施方案,一方面,本发明提供了组合式地毯,例如方块地毯或卷式地毯,它们具有各种宽度,诸如为六英尺宽,其中,面层的磨损面由覆盖有聚氯乙烯的纱线编织材料组成。例如,该面层可以包含以下纱线,该纱线包含涂布有聚氯乙烯的芯部单丝或芯部聚乙烯醇缩丁醛(PVB)或芯部有机聚合物塑料短纤维聚酯。然而,应该认识到,虽然优选芯部聚酯,但任何类似的包芯纱都是合适的,例如尼龙、羊毛、聚丙烯酸类、棉纱、变性聚丙烯腈、PLA(聚乳酸)或其它合成或天然纱线。还优选的是,可以用任何种类的不同色调将所述聚氯乙烯染色,赋予各种设计图案,并且可以在传统的织机中对所述聚氯乙烯进行纺织,使其成为织物。
优选所述地毯包含按顺序叠合的各种材料层。该地毯的基底即该地毯上与所述面侧相反并与底部的地面接触的一侧优选由非织造材料形成。将VAE(乙酸乙烯酯-乙烯共聚物)预涂层施用于所述非织造材料,并干燥固化。然后将第一聚氯乙烯层施用于VAE层之上,接着再将玻璃纤维衬垫施用于第一聚氯乙烯层之上。再将第二聚氯乙烯层施用于所述剥离纤维衬垫上,然后通过常规方法将所述聚氯乙烯固化。最后,在经织造的聚氯乙烯离开固化炉时可以将其层压在这些底层上。使用压纹辊并借助经固化的聚氯乙烯的热量,粘合两层聚氯乙烯以形成最终产品。在压纹位置的热量和压力还导致至少部分包裹织造面层纤维的聚氯乙烯聚结并粘合至下层聚氯乙烯层,从而形成整体结构。因此,最终的地毯是高度稳定的,并具有高强度,以及高抗分层性。
通过利用上述材料,地毯中约80%是可再循环的。相反地,通过使用市场上可得到的消费后/工业后废弃材料,最终地毯的约80%可以由消费后/工业后废料来源构成。此外,因为使用了聚氯乙烯,该地毯对湿气具有100%的不渗透性,因此将不会因为长时间接触湿气而发生降解。通过使用由芯部单丝PET(聚对苯二甲酸乙二酯)纱和在该纱线周围的挤出聚氯乙烯组成的纱线,完全不必在安装后对纤维的毛圈不齐进行修剪,因此减少了安装时的劳动和成本,并且不会产生随时间而出现的不雅的松散纱线。地毯的许多其它合乎需要的特性包括防沾污性、耐磨损性、坚牢度和抗污性。此外应该认识到,可以提供卷式地毯,例如宽度比标准宽度大很多的地毯,即可以提供6英尺宽的地毯,这使得由于接缝较少而容易安装并且安装成本低廉,并由于接缝较少而改善美观性。因为以较大的宽度制造地毯,此外可以制造尺寸比常规方块地毯更大的地毯,例如尺寸约为18英寸和24英寸宽的地毯。
在本发明的一个优选实施方案中,提供了一种地面或墙面覆盖物,该覆盖物包含基底层、施用于该基底层的乙酸乙烯酯-乙烯共聚物预涂层、覆盖所述乙酸乙烯酯-乙烯共聚物预涂层的第一聚氯乙烯层、覆盖第一聚氯乙烯层的非织造衬垫、覆盖所述衬垫的第二聚氯乙烯层,和覆盖第二聚氯乙烯层并成为所述覆盖物的面层的织造聚氯乙烯层。
本发明的另一个优选实施方案中,提供了一种地面或墙面覆盖物,该覆盖物包含基底层、覆盖所述基底层的第一聚氯乙烯层、覆盖第一聚氯乙烯层的非织造衬垫、覆盖所述衬垫的第二聚氯乙烯层,和覆盖第二聚氯乙烯层并成为所述覆盖物的面层的织造层,所述织造层包含具有至少一种涂布有聚氯乙烯的聚酯单丝的纱线。
附图说明
图1是根据本发明的优选实施方案构成的覆盖物的部分横截面图;
图2A和2B是用于形成所述覆盖物的各纱线的放大横截面图;
图3是说明形成所述覆盖物的方法的一系列部分横截面图;
图4是本发明的卷式覆盖物的示意图;
图5是本发明的方块状覆盖物的示意图。
具体实施方式
现在参考附图,特别是图1,该图说明了根据本发明的一个优选实施方案构成的覆盖物,总标为10。覆盖物10由按以下顺序从基底层到面层相继重叠的各层组成。初始层或基底层12优选由非织造材料形成,但应该认识到,层12可以包含织造材料、毛绒地毯或在结构上足够严密直至适当的织物或基材。非织造层12可以由例如聚丙烯、尼龙和聚酯等非织造材料中的任何一种材料形成,并优选由消费后再生聚酯形成。该材料优选以约4~40盎司/码2重量提供,更优选以8~12盎司/码2提供。下一层14优选是施用于非织造材料12上的各种有机聚合物的预涂层,所述有机聚合物包括聚丙烯酸类、SBR(丁苯橡胶)、EVA(乙烯-乙酸乙烯酯共聚物)或优选是乙酸乙烯酯-乙烯共聚物。预涂层14是特别有用的,因为它有助于所述覆盖物通过大部分市售地毯所需的各种可燃性和烟雾测试。然而,如果不考虑这些因素,则可以省略预涂层14。优选施用乙酸乙烯酯-乙烯共聚物预涂层以得到约4~40盎司/码2、优选24盎司/码2的重量,然后干燥并固化。第三层16包含施用于乙酸乙烯酯-乙烯共聚物层之上的第一聚氯乙烯层。优选以一定速率施用所述聚氯乙烯,以提供约10~80盎司/码2、优选约45.5盎司/码2的重量。然后可以在第一聚氯乙烯层16之上施用或不施用玻璃纤维衬垫层18。所述玻璃纤维衬垫还可以是纱罗织造法玻璃纤维材料。此外,所述玻璃纤维衬垫是非织造或织造材料,并以约0.5~8.0盎司/码2、优选约2盎司/码2的重量施用。当使用第二聚氯乙烯层20时,该第二聚氯乙烯层20施用于玻璃纤维衬垫层18之上。也就是说,对于某些应用来说,第一聚氯乙烯层可能就够了。类似于第一聚氯乙烯层16,第二聚氯乙烯层以约10~80盎司/码2、优选45.5盎司/码2的重量施用。然后通过常规方法将所述聚氯乙烯固化。最后,在各层离开固化炉时,将由织造材料形成的顶层或面层22层压至各底层上。分别用压纹辊28施加的热量和压力以及经固化的聚氯乙烯的热量,将两层聚氯乙烯相互粘合并粘合至织造面层的底面。应该认识到,除了聚氯乙烯以外的其他材料也可以用于将该产品的各个层粘合在一起。例如,该材料可以包括PVB(聚乙烯醇缩丁醛)、TPO(热塑性聚烯烃类)、APO(无定形聚烯烃类)、EVA、TPU(热塑性聚氨酯类)、烃类树脂和其它有机聚合物聚乙烯类。然而,后面的这些材料的引入会不合乎需要地改变成品的可再生百分比。
如图2A和2B中所示,织造面层22由纱线24组成,该纱线24由涂布有聚氯乙烯或其它热塑性聚合物的芯部单丝或复丝聚酯组成。因此,图2A中,图解了被聚氯乙烯材料涂层包裹的芯部单丝26。图2B中,图解了短纤维PET纱芯28,纱芯28包括多个单丝29,每根单丝均包含黑色单丝PET纤维芯。然而,应该认识到所述芯部不局限于聚酯,而是可以包括尼龙、羊毛、聚丙烯酸类、棉纱、变性聚丙烯腈、聚乳酸或其它合成或天然纱线。此外,所述聚氯乙烯可以有利地以任何数量的色调染色,以提供特定的美观设计。此外,可以用传统织机、优选多臂机或提花机纺织纱线,以形成织物。
现在参考图3,该图图解了一种生产根据本发明优选实施方案所述的覆盖物的方法。首先,非织造层12具有乙酸乙烯酯-乙烯共聚物涂层。可以以液体的形式提供乙酸乙烯酯-乙烯共聚物涂层,并使其在下层非织造层12上干燥并固化。以上述速率施用预涂层14,优选预涂层14为乙酸乙烯酯-乙烯共聚物。然后,在乙酸乙烯酯-乙烯共聚物预涂层14之上施用第三层16,优选第三层16为聚氯乙烯层。以上述速度施用所述聚氯乙烯层。然后在聚氯乙烯层16上施用优选由玻璃纤维材料形成的衬垫层18,然后在该衬垫上施用第二聚氯乙烯层20。然后令该基材通过炉26,在其中通过常规方法将该聚氯乙烯固化。从炉26中取出时,将织造聚氯乙烯面层22贴附于第二聚氯乙烯层20之上。优选在基材离开固化炉时,将织造面层层压至该基材上。使用压纹辊28并利用经固化的聚氯乙烯的热量,粘合两层聚氯乙烯16和20以形成最终产品。另外,在压纹位置的热量和压力导致了第-聚氯乙烯层和第二聚氯乙烯层以及包裹着织造面层下面的纤维的聚氯乙烯互相聚结而形成整体结构。因此,最终产品具有牢固的抗分层性。
参考图4和图5,可以提供不同形式的覆盖物10。例如,图4中,提供了卷式覆盖物30,例如宽度为六英尺的卷式覆盖物。由于接缝较少,这使得能够容易安装并且安装成本低廉。应该认识到,接缝较少还会在视觉上改善最终安装的美观性。通过制造较宽的覆盖物(即六英尺的覆盖物),还可以制造出18英寸宽和24英寸宽的方块覆盖物,与现有技术方块覆盖物(通常形成18英寸宽)相比,这些方块覆盖物在方块尺寸上提供了更大的选择。图5中图解了以方块32的形式形成覆盖物10的材料的部分透视图。
用于制造覆盖物10的材料使得最终产品中的约80%材料是可再生的。换句话说,通过使用具有类似性质和市售的消费后/工业后材料,该覆盖物可以由占约80%的消费后/-工业后废料来源构成。与对现有覆盖物的测试相比,已经发现使用标准ASTM(美国材料试验标准)测试时本发明的覆盖物不会分层,而现有技术的覆盖物却会分层。而且,再次用标准ASTM测试对本发明覆盖物的断裂强度进行测试时,本发明的覆盖物具有相当于现有的覆盖物断裂强度的约两倍或两倍以上的断裂强度。还应该认识到,由于所述覆盖物基本上整体由聚氯乙烯材料构成,所以它对湿气具有100%的不渗透性。另外,由于在聚酯细丝芯部周围具有挤出的聚氯乙烯,所以完全排除了现有技术中在采用现有覆盖物时常见的对纤维毛圈不齐进行安装后修剪的需要。此外,由于面层的底下具有聚氯乙烯,聚氯乙烯至少沿着该面层的底面聚结,这增强了消除接缝处的松散纤维的效果。所述覆盖物的其它特性,例如防沾污性、耐磨损性和抗污性以及坚牢度等提供了优于现有技术的上好覆盖物。
实施例
已经在独立实验室中详尽地对上述地面覆盖物的多种特性进行了测试,所述特性如下所述:
地面辐射评审测试
根据ASTM E 64899和/或联邦测试方法372.NFPA 253(美国国家防火协会制定)制备样品号为1~3的上述覆盖物,并对其进行测试。
  测试结果   样品号1   样品号2   样品号3
  临界辐射通量   0.74瓦/cm<sup>2</sup>   0.51瓦/cm<sup>2</sup>   0.69瓦/cm<sup>2</sup>
  总燃烧长度   28.0cm   39.0cm   30.0cm
  火焰峰熄灭   19.0分钟   30.0分钟   13.0分钟
平均临界辐射通量:0.65瓦/cm2
排烟浓度测试(NIST:美国国家标准技术研究所)
根据美国国家标准技术研究所(前美国国家标准局)提出的方法制备样品号为1~3的样品,并对其进行测试。技术文件708和NFPA 258,ASTM E 662-97
操作条件
辐照度:2.5瓦/cm2G因子132
热辐照:未燃烧
炉电压:104
测试结果
  1号   2号   3号   平均
  燃烧室温度,(起始)   95   95   95
  燃烧室压力   保持正压,在3”H<sub>2</sub>O下
  最小透射率(TM),%   1%   1%   2%
  作用时间(分钟)   13.00   16.00   16.00   15.00
  最大比光密度(DM)   924   924   885   911
  透射光束(DC)   55   82   75   71
  经校正的DM(DMC)   869   842   810   840
  在1.5分钟时的比光密度   2   1   2   2
  在4.0分钟时的比光密度   113   117   132   121
  达到90%DM所需时间(分钟)   10.40   12.00   12.00
  达到DS=16所需时间(分钟)   2.50   2.40   2.20   2.37
排烟浓度测试(NIST)
根据美国国家标准技术研究所(前美国国家标准局)提出的方法制备上述样品的试样并对其进行测试。技术文件708和NFPA 258,ASTM E662-97
操作条件
辐照度:2.5瓦/cm2G因子132
热照射:燃烧
炉电压:102
炉燃料:丙烷
测试结果
  1号   2号   3号   平均
  燃烧室温度,(起始)   95   95   95
  燃烧室压力   保持正压,在3”H<sub>2</sub>O下
  最小透射率(TM),%   14%   22%   12%
  作用时间(分钟)   14.20   10.20   13.00   12.47
  最大比光密度(DM)   509   747   518   591
  透射光束(DC)   31   26   35   31
  经校正的DM(DMC)   478   721   485   561
  在1.5分钟时的比光密度   172   132   145   150
  在4.0分钟时的比光密度   311   405   315   344
  达到90%DM所需时间(分钟)   10.20   7.40   10.40   9.33
  达到DS=16所需时间(分钟)   0.80   0.90   0.90   0.87
步行循环(FOOT TRAFFIC CYCLES)
所实施的测试方法
ASTM D 6119
起绒纱线地面覆盖物由步行产生表面外观变化的操作
CRI TM-100
由步行产生起绒纱线地面覆盖物的表面外观变化
CRI TM-101
使用CRI基准标度评估地毯表面外观变化
范围
该操作包括在实验室中的起绒纱线地面覆盖物上步行,以便通过在可控条件下在该覆盖物上步行来使其产生表面外观的变化。独立的测试方法包括使用CRI基准标度来评估表面外观变化。
样品ID    步行循环    额定长度    额定宽度
上述样品  20000        5.0         5.0
            平均                   5.0
                      评级要点
              5       变化可忽略或无变化
              4       轻微的变化
              3       中等变化
              2       大幅度变化
              1       严重变化
六足滚筒测试
所实施的测试方法
ASTM D-5252六足滚筒测试仪ISO/TR 10361六足滚筒(HexapodTumbler)
基于CRI TM-101摄影比例尺进行评级
装置:金属线仪器六足滚筒地毯测试仪
方法
对上述试样进行已报道的″六足″滚动循环,每2000次循环通过抽真空取出样品使其复位。
使用Electrolux直立式真空吸尘器(Discovery II),使其沿着该试样的长度方向通过,进退四次。
使用等同日光的垂直照明(1500勒克斯)评估样品。从距离11/2米远的位置以45度的角度观察样品,从各个方向对其进行评价。
此外在测试之前后分别测量样品的绒头高度,以得到绒头高度保留值。
六足样品数目    整体外观变化    颜色变化    绒头高度保留值
4000                 5              5            N/A
12000                5              5            N/A
                                评级要点
                                5=变化可忽略或无变化
                                4=轻微的变化
                                3=中等变化
                                2=大幅度变化
                                1=严重变化
磨损
所实施的测试方法
ASTM D 3884
具有1000克载荷的砂轮-H-18
方法
对样品进行研磨,直到露出主背衬,可以认为达到″终点″。
进行1500次样品磨损循环。
亚琛(AACHEN)尺寸稳定性
所实施的测试方法
ITTS 004
亚琛尺寸稳定性
目的和范围
该测试方法测量在变化的湿气、加热和干燥条件下,组合式和阔幅式纺织地面覆盖物的尺寸稳定性。该试样相当于上述公开的覆盖物的优选实施方案。
  测试条件   测量值   变化百分率
  M<sub>0</sub>   18.0025”
  MT<sub>1</sub>   18.0000”   -0.014
  MT<sub>2</sub>   18.0088”   +0.035
  MT<sub>3</sub>   17.9825”   -0.111
  MT<sub>4</sub>   17.9938”   -0.049
  -0.0087”
  测试条件   测量值   变化百分率
  C<sub>0</sub>   17.9875”
  CT<sub>1</sub>   17.9825”   -0.028
  CT<sub>2</sub>   17.9900”   +0.014
  CT<sub>3</sub>   17.9725”   -0.083
  CT<sub>4</sub>   17.9725”   -0.083
测试条件要点
M0纵向初始测量值
C0横向初始测量值
T1在60℃烘箱中两个小时
T2在20℃的1%溶液中两个小时
T3在60℃烘箱中二十四小时
T4在21℃和65%RH(相对湿度)标准气氛中四十八小时
ASTM F 137柔性
将上述试样放置在磨损面朝外的心轴上。在完成弯曲操作时,目视检查断裂、裂缝或其它损伤。该样品合格。
分层
所实施的测试方法
起绒地面覆盖物的第二背衬的ASTM D 3936分层强度
范围
该方法测定粘附至上述的最终起绒地面覆盖物试样的第二背衬的分层强度。未检测到分离。
断裂强度
所实施的测试方法
ASTM D 1667
断裂强度
该测试样品对应于上述优选实施方案。
测试结果
所得长度(磅)        所得宽度(磅)
500.128             500.044
500.172             499.700
500.064             500.023
500.130             500.013
200.044             500.014
500.108             499.959
耐化学性
所实施的测试方法
弹性成张地板的耐化学性的ASTM F 925标准测试方法
该测试样品对应于上述优选实施方案。
范围
该方法提供了当弹性片材乙烯基地面覆盖物与各种化学物接触时,测定该覆盖物对表面劣化的耐受性的方法。该测试方法并不是指沾染试验。评估等级有表面钝化、表面侵蚀和变色。
化学测试剂    即时评估    24小时评估
白醋            -          无变化
外用酒精        -          无变化
白色矿物油        -        无变化
氢氧化钠溶液      -        无变化
盐酸溶液          -        无变化
家用氨水溶液      -        无变化
家用漂白剂溶液    -        无变化
消毒剂            -        无变化
无铅汽油          -        无变化
评级要点
无变化
轻微变化
中等变化
严重变化
防沾污性
所实施的测试方法
AATCC(美国纺织品染化师协会)测试方法175防沾污性
方法
根据该测试方法对上述测试样品进行染色。以下报道评估结果,沾染等级为10时表示没有明显的沾染,沾染等级为1时表示非常严重的沾染。
测试结果:等级
          10
加速污染
所实施的测试方法
用于起绒纱线地面覆盖物的加速污染的ASTM D 6540标准测试方法
目的和范围
该测试方法描述了使用标准人造污垢组合物来评估起绒纱线地面覆盖物对初期污染的倾向的设备和测试方法。
目的
将上述覆盖物样品固定至安装在六足滚筒内部的衬板上,将起绒表面暴露在外,并进行加速污染处理。使用测量设备测量或使用AATCC灰度目测污染程度,或通过比较已污染和原始的起绒纱线地面覆盖物之间的颜色变化来评估污染程度。
测试结果                    样品等级
污染之后/清洁之前的等级        4
污染之后/清洁之后的等级**      5
*使用的污垢类型:AATCC 123
**使用的清洁方法类型:热水萃取
评级要点
5变化可忽略或无变化
4轻微的变化
3中等变化
2大幅度变化
1严重变化
静电特性
所实施的测试方法
AATCC 134-1996地毯的静电特性
目的和范围
该测试方法设计用来评估地毯产生静电的倾向,所述静电是使用实践中可能遇到的可控实验室模拟条件当人走过地毯时产生的,更具体地说,所述条件是根据经验而公知的强烈有助于静电荷过度积聚的条件。使用的样品对应于上述优选实施方案。
测试条件:
燃烧室温度:70
燃烧室相对湿度:20%
测试结果 鞋底 地毯衬   最大电压1(kv)   最大电压2(kv) 平均(kv)
 测试I踩踏测试   耐欧莱特   金属板   -1.8   -1.5   -1.7
 测试II踩踏测试   耐欧莱特   金属板   +1.9   +1.9   +1.9
 测试III踩踏测试   皮革   金属板   +0.1     -     -
 测试IV击打测试   皮革   金属板   +1.0     -     -
鞋底:
a)Neo1ite(耐欧莱特)XS 664
b)起毛皮革
地毯衬:
a)板材:接地金属板
b)H/J:标准40盎司/码2橡胶鬃毛/黄麻垫
静摩擦系数
所实施的测试方法
ASTM C-1028静摩擦系数
测试方法概述
根据该测试方法对上述样品进行测试。以下报道结果:
测试结果
干燥摩擦系数             湿润摩擦系数
  1)0.80   7)0.82   1)0.71   7)0.74
  2)0.80   8)0.80   2)0.76   8)0.78
  3)0.78   9)0.83   3)0.78   9)0.79
  4)0.82   10)0.83   4)0.71   10)0
  5)0.81   11)0.80   5)0.78   11)0
  6)0.81   12)0.82   6)0.76   12)0.74
平均:0.8108            平均:0.7548
FD=(RD/NW)=XD         FW=(RW/NW)+XW
FD=干表面的静摩擦系数
FW=湿表面的静摩擦系数
RD=12次干燥力读数之和(磅)
RW=12次湿润力读数之和(磅)
N=牵引次数(12)
XD=干校准因子
XW=湿校准因子
W=跟部组件(heel assembly)加上50磅重量的总重量
旋转椅测试
所实施的测试方法
ITTS-205旋转椅测试(ITTS:美国纺织技术研究所)
目的和范围
该测试方法设计用来测量当地毯接触旋转椅(办公椅)时地毯的外观保持性。
方法
在木质基材上安装上述样品的试样,并对其施加装载150磅的办公椅的往复动作,以每分钟大约14次循环推动。对该试样施加指定次数的循环,并根据以下度量进行评级。
评级      轮脚通行区内的地毯的外观
5-优异    变化可以忽略或无变化
4-优良    外观稍有变化,绒头被扰乱但没有损失光泽。
          变化肉眼可见
3-良好    外观明显变化。绒头变得无光泽
2-较差    外观大幅度变化。纱线被扰乱或被压缩并变得无光泽
1-极差    外观严重变化。绒头纱线因严重塌陷而挤压成片
评价        循环次数        等级
            10000           4.5
热老化
所实施的测试方法
热老化
方法
在158对上述覆盖物进行热老化14天。老化期后,对该试样正面和背面的变色和脆性进行目视评估。
测试结果:正面或背面没有变脆或变色
耐光色牢度
所实施的测试方法
AATCC测试方法16选项E
耐光色牢度(水冷式氙弧光)
目的和范围
该测试方法提供了目前用于测定纺织材料的耐光色牢度的一般原理和方法。
方法
在规定条件下同时将上述要测试的覆盖物和商定的参比标准(一种或多种)暴露至光源。通过使用色变AATCC灰度表或仪器测定颜色,对比该试样的暴露部分与遮盖部分或对照部分的暴露部分的变色程度,评估样品的耐光色牢度。
测试样品标示        循环次数    等级
参见上述            2(40AFU’s)    5
评级要点
5变化可忽略或无变化
4轻微的变化
3显著变化
2大幅度变化
1严重变化
高湿度下的耐臭氧色牢度
所实施的测试方法
AATCC测试方法129高湿度下的耐臭氧色牢度
目的和范围
该测试方法用来测定高温、相对湿度高于85%的气氛下纺织品的颜色对臭氧作用的耐受性。
方法
在保持在87.5±2.5%相对湿度和40±1℃(104+2)温度的环境中,使对应于上述优选实施方案的试样和对照样品的样片同时接触臭氧,直到对照样品显示出对应于褪色标准的变色。重复循环直到该试样显示出明确的变色或达到规定循环次数。
测试样品标示        循环次数        等级
参见上述            2               5
评级要点
5变化可忽略或无变化
4轻微的变化
3显著变化
2大幅度变化
1严重变化
抵抗燃烧废气烟雾的色牢度
所实施的测试方法
AATCC测试方法23抵抗燃烧废气烟雾的色牢度
目的和范围
该测试方法用于评估使各种和各式纺织品与得自天然气的燃烧的大气氮氧化物接触时该纺织品的色牢度。
方法
使上述覆盖物的试样和测试对照织物同时与来自燃烧废气烟雾的氮氧化物接触,直到对照物显示出对应于褪色标准的颜色变化。用评估变色的标准灰度来评估试样的颜色变化。
测试样品标示    循环次数    等级
参见上述         3           5
评级要点
5变化可忽略或无变化
4轻微的变化
3显著变化
2大幅度变化
1严重变化
虽然已经结合目前认为最实用和最优选的实施方案对本发明进行了描述,但应当理解,本发明不限于公开的实施方案,而是包括附加的权利要求书的精神和范围内的各种修改和等价布置。

Claims (13)

1.一种地面或墙面覆盖物,包括:
非织造聚酯基底层;
施用于所述基底层的乙酸乙烯酯-乙烯共聚物预涂层;
覆盖并接触所述乙酸乙烯酯-乙烯共聚物预涂层的第一聚氯乙烯层;
覆盖并接触第一聚氯乙烯层的非织造衬垫;
覆盖并接触所述衬垫的第二聚氯乙烯层;和
覆盖且接触第二聚氯乙烯层并形成所述覆盖物的面层的织造聚氯乙烯层。
2.如权利要求1所述的覆盖物,其中,所述衬垫由玻璃纤维形成。
3.如权利要求1所述的覆盖物,其中,第一聚氯乙烯层、非织造衬垫和第二聚氯乙烯层依次相互粘合。
4.如权利要求1所述的覆盖物,其中,所述织造聚氯乙烯层粘合至所述第二聚氯乙烯层。
5.如权利要求1所述的覆盖物,其中,所述织造聚氯乙烯层包含纱线,所述纱线具有至少一根涂有聚氯乙烯的聚酯细丝。
6.如权利要求1所述的覆盖物,其中,所述织造聚氯乙烯层包含由涂有聚氯乙烯的复丝聚酯形成的芯部。
7.如权利要求1所述的覆盖物,其中,所述织造聚氯乙烯层包含至少一种涂有聚氯乙烯的芯部纱线。
8.如权利要求1所述的覆盖物,其中,所述织造聚氯乙烯层包含具有单丝芯部的纱线。
9.如权利要求1所述的覆盖物,其中,所述织造聚氯乙烯层包含具有复丝芯部的纱线。
10.如权利要求1所述的覆盖物,其中,所述织造聚氯乙烯层包含涂有聚氯乙烯的纱线,所述纱线选自由以下物质组成的组:聚酯、尼龙、羊毛、聚丙烯酸类、棉纱、变性聚丙烯腈、聚乳酸。
11.如权利要求1所述的覆盖物,其中,所述覆盖物是非透湿性的。
12.一种地板或墙面覆盖物,所述覆盖物包含::
非织造聚酯基底层;
覆盖所述基底层的第一聚氯乙烯层;
覆盖第一聚氯乙烯层的非织造衬垫;
覆盖所述衬垫的第二聚氯乙烯层;和
覆盖第二聚氯乙烯层并形成所述覆盖物的面层的织造层,所述织造层包含纱线,所述纱线具有至少一根涂有聚氯乙烯的聚酯细丝;以及
覆盖并接触所述基底层的预涂层,所述基底层包含非织造聚酯,所述非织造基底层和所述预涂层均具有4~40盎司/码2的重量,所述第一聚氯乙烯层和第二聚氯乙烯层均具有10~80盎司/码2的重量,所述衬垫由玻璃纤维形成。
13.如权利要求12所述的覆盖物,其中,所述非织造基底层和所述预涂层分别具有8~12盎司/码2和约24盎司/码2的重量,所述第一聚氯乙烯层和第二聚氯乙烯层均具有约45.5盎司/码2的重量,所述衬垫由玻璃纤维形成。
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US20040248489A1 (en) 2004-12-09
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