CN100357084C - 用于塑料挤出设备的冷却校准装置 - Google Patents

用于塑料挤出设备的冷却校准装置 Download PDF

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CN100357084C
CN100357084C CNB028011627A CN02801162A CN100357084C CN 100357084 C CN100357084 C CN 100357084C CN B028011627 A CNB028011627 A CN B028011627A CN 02801162 A CN02801162 A CN 02801162A CN 100357084 C CN100357084 C CN 100357084C
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赫尔穆特·克莱因
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Abstract

本发明涉及一种用于塑料挤出设备的校准装置，包括容纳冷却液(2)的箱子(5)和校准导板(6)，塑料型材(1)穿过该校准导板(6)；以及带有接通的用于冷却液的管道的输入口和输出口(10、23)，其中在冷却液液面的上方保留无冷却液的充满空气的区域(21)。用于冷却液的输出口(10)设置在校准装置中冷却液的液面(20)高度，从而冷却液无需附加的泵就可流出；接通输出口的输出管道(11)垂直伸展并终结于暴露在外部大气中的冷却液储备(12)中，其中在输出管道(11)中形成一紧密的液柱(24)。

Description

用于塑料挤出设备的冷却校准装置
技术领域
本发明涉及一种用于塑料积压设备的校准装置，包括容纳冷却液的箱子，塑料型材输送通过此箱并在其中由冷却液冷却；塑料型材穿过其中的校准导板；带有接通的用于冷却液的管道的输入口和输出口，其中冷却液的液面位于要校准的塑料型材顶点的上方并这样设定，使得在冷却液液面的上方保留无冷却液的充满空气的区域；以及一个设置在液面上方的排气口，通过此排气口可排出空气并且可在冷却液液面上方的无冷却液的充满空气的区域建立一个相对于外部大气压的低压：
pu＝pa-Δp
其中pu是存在于校准装置中的低压，pa是存在于校准装置外部的大气压以及Δp是两个压力值之间的差值，分别根据冷却液柱的长度单位测量。
背景技术
从挤出机挤出来的塑料空心型材的校准在冷却浴中进行。对于塑料空心型材的校准需要低压。在所谓的全身浴中将型材输送通过在箱中的冷却液-大多数是饮用水-全身浴。冷却液的循环需要较高的泵功率，因为在大部分的校准装置中同时输送空气和水。
从DE19622419中已知一种方法和一种校准装置，在其中对流尽可能保持层流，对此不应超过临界雷诺数。
一方面难以保持在型材通过和冷却液持续流入和流出时避免涡流。另一方面分离水和空气也可能不总是容易的。
发明内容
因此本发明提出的任务是，在用于塑料挤出设备的校准装置中这样降低能量消耗，即降低泵功率，而无须使用复杂的用于防止涡流的控制装置。
此任务在开头所述类型的校准装置中完成，在此装置中用于冷却液的输出口在冷却液的液面高度设置在校准装置箱壁上，从而冷却液无需附加的泵就可流出，以及接通输出口的输出管道基本上垂直伸展并在相当于Δp的液面的下方终结于暴露在外部大气中的冷却液储备中，其中在输出管道中形成相当于Δp的高度为h的液柱。
如已知的那样，流出的液体可以被回收或流入池中，从该池中它又被取出并通过冷却回路重新输入校准装置的箱中。
新的装置原理上使用虹吸管或气压计。因为在冷却液液面上方的区域存在相对于外部压力的低压，在输出管道内的液柱不仅形成一闭塞装置而且也形成一容纳容器，该容器通过随后的冷却液不断被补充。冷却液流出到在校准装置外的冷却液储备液面下方的区域。在此充分利用，低压限于箱中并且保持在一规定的最高水平。
输出管道可以例如端接S形弯曲的虹吸管，该虹吸管在其上部顶圆弧上具有一排气孔。
输出管道也可以终止于一敞开的池或一敞开的槽中，其中输出管道出口设置在池或槽的冷却液液面的下方。
此外有利地，带液柱的输出管道是一用于存在于冷却液液面上方的低压的刻度尺。因此也可以放弃压力表，而输出管道配置有一沿着液柱的视孔玻璃。
最后，可以如已经指出的，暴露在外部大气中的冷却液储备沿封闭回路引导通过热交换器和泵路线，该泵路线在冷却液液面的下方端接校准装置箱的一开口。
此外，在冷却液液面高度的输出口的设置提供这种可能性，即设置有上下重叠的多个并可单独关闭的输出口，它们可以根据冷却液需要量和冷却液高度来设置。
用于冷却液的多个输出口或者其中至少一个也可以配置有一高度可调节的溢流棱，例如一个高度可调节的闸门。
附图说明
下面借助于附图说明本发明的实施例。附图中详细地示出：
图1用于塑料挤出设备的带有所谓的液体冷却装置的校准装置的示意图；
图2根据图1的装置的带有几个细节的改变的视图；
图3第二种实施方式，其中输出口终止于池中。
具体实施方式
在图1中示出一种校准装置100，它用于所谓的连续挤出、连续输送的塑料空心型材1的湿冷校准。挤出的塑料空心型材1在型材输入口3和型材输出口4之间输送通过一填充有冷却液2的箱5，通过对流冷却和借助于已知的校准导板6以及校准孔26校准，该塑料空心型材1必要时在挤出后先输送通过一干燥校准段。
冷却液2液面20位于要校准的塑料型材1顶点的上方并且这样设定，使得在冷却液2液面20的上方保留无冷却液的充满空气的区域21。在箱5中自由的冷却液表面的上方可借助于箱5盖子中的压力表口18通过压力表19测量区域21的压力。该压力低于外部大气压。该低压通过带有接通的管道和空气泵9的泵出口8保持。该低压pu具有相对于低压pa的压差Δp＝pu-pa。该压差Δp能够通过“水柱”测量，其中1cm水柱或冷却液柱相当于1mbar(毫巴)。该压力必须较准确地保持。
也可以代替借助于压力表19而通过视孔玻璃29观察相应的压差，该视孔玻璃29安装在输出管道11中。原理上也可由此放弃压力表。
用于冷却液2的输出口10在冷却液液面20的高度设置在封闭的箱5的壁27上。冷却液2可以无需附加的泵而流入接通输出口10的输出管道11。输出管道11基本上垂直伸展并在相当于Δp的液面的下方以管道弯曲终止于暴露在外部大气中的冷却液储备12中，其中在输出管道11中形成一紧密的带液面24’的液柱24，它的高度h当于按照压力表测定的压差Δp。
在上述实施例中输出管道11端接s形弯曲的虹吸管13，该虹吸管13首先从最低位置向上弯曲并在其顶圆弧14中具有一向大气的敞开的排气孔15，没有液体从其中流出。
图2示出稍微放大的视图，输出管道11从输出口10开始。用方格表示的冷却液2向里流动并在虹吸管13中形成相对于外部大气的封闭段。通过相应设置的排气孔15形成上述的液柱24。液体从s形弯曲的虹吸管13末端流出。
校准装置的水输出装置也可以这样设计，即输出管道11’如图3所示不是端接虹吸管，而是终止于敞开的池30中，该池30填充冷却液2直到高度31。在这里也出现压力表效果。在输出管道11中存在带有液面24’的液柱24。
在虹吸管出口处或通过池30的抽水管道32可取出的冷却液2通过在再循环泵17和管道16循环。被加热的冷却液通过外部的冷却器22冷却并且在型材输出口4附近通过输入口23再压入箱5中。
因为在待输送冷却液(饮用水)中基本上涉及单相系统，泵功率基本上小于在双相输送装置中的功率，在双相输送装置中同时输送较大部分的空气。
如可看出的那样，冷却液输出口也即输出口10既安置在该侧面也安置在箱5的端面上。在实施例中冷却液沿相对于塑料空心型材1的逆流方向引导；然而它也可沿顺流方向引导。
此外从图3中可看出，可以上下重叠地设置多个输出口10、10’、10”，其中涉及用于冷却液的可单独关闭的输出口。按所需的冷却液液面可调节不同的高度。
但也可以(参看图2)，用于冷却液的输出口10配置一高度可调节的溢流棱33，该溢流棱33可借助于高度可调节的闸门34调节。
输出管道的垂直长度应该调节到10至80mbar的压差Δp，从而形成可控制的10至80cm的冷却液柱，也即，如果期望极限值为80mbar＝Δp，输出管道应该长约80cm。
总的来说，在这种新的带无泵的冷却水输送装置的校准装置中特别是在运转能量消耗中相对于普通的用于空气和水的配置有泵的校准装置得到突出的优点。

Claims (9)

1.一种用于塑料挤出设备的校准装置，包括：
a.容纳冷却液(2)的箱(5)，塑料型材(1)输送通过该箱并在其中由冷却液冷却；
b.校准导板(6)，塑料型材(1)穿过该校准导板；
c.带有接通的用于冷却液的管道的输入口和输出口(10、23)；
d.其中冷却液液面(20)位于要校准的塑料型材(1)顶点的上方并且这样设定，使得在冷却液液面的上方保留无冷却液的充满空气的区域(21)；
e.设置在液面(20)上方的排气口(8)，通过该排气口可排出空气并且可在冷却液液面上方的无冷却液的充满空气的区域建立相对于外部大气压的低压：
pu＝pa-Δp
其中，pu是存在于校准装置中的低压，pa是存在于校准装置外部的大气压，以及，Δp是两个压力值之间的差值，分别根据冷却液柱的长度单位测量；
其特征在于，
f.用于冷却液的输出口(10)在冷却液液面(20)的高度设置在校准装置的箱(5)的壁(27)上，从而冷却液无需附加的泵就可流出；以及
g.接通输出口的输出管道(11)基本上垂直伸展并且在相当于Δp的液面的下方终止于暴露在外部大气中的冷却液储备(12)中，其中在输出管道(11)中形成紧密的带有相当于Δp的高度h的液柱。
2.根据权利要求1所述的校准装置，其特征在于，输出管道(11)端接s形弯曲的虹吸管(12)，该虹吸管在其上部顶圆弧(14)处具有一排气孔(15)。
3.根据权利要求1所述的校准装置，其特征在于，输出管道(11)终止于一敞开的池或敞开的槽中，其中输出管道的出口设置在池或槽中冷却液液面(31)的下方。
4.根据权利要求1-3之一所述的校准装置，其特征在于，输出管道配置有一沿着液柱的视孔玻璃(29)。
5.根据权利要求1-3之一所述的校准装置，其特征在于，暴露在外部大气中的冷却液储备沿封闭回路导引通过冷却器(22)和泵路线，该泵路线在冷却液液面的下方端接校准装置的箱上的冷却液输入口(23)。
6.根据权利要求1-3之一所述的校准装置，其特征在于，在箱壁上设置多个上下重叠设置并可单独关闭的用于冷却液的输出口(10、10’、10”)。
7.根据权利要求6所述的校准装置，其特征在于，用于冷却液的多个输出口或所述输出口中的至少一个配置有高度可调节的溢流棱(33)。
8.根据权利要求7所述的校准装置，其特征在于，多个输出口或所述输出口中的至少一个配置有高度可调节的闸门(34)。
9.根据权利要求1-3之一所述的校准装置，其特征在于，输出管道的垂直长度设计为10至80mbar的压差Δp，相当于10至80cm的冷却液柱，亦即至少长80cm。
CNB028011627A 2001-03-01 2002-02-21 用于塑料挤出设备的冷却校准装置 Expired - Fee Related CN100357084C (zh)

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