CN100345036C - 垂直取向模式液晶显示装置 - Google Patents

垂直取向模式液晶显示装置 Download PDF

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CN100345036C
CN100345036C CNB031438733A CN03143873A CN100345036C CN 100345036 C CN100345036 C CN 100345036C CN B031438733 A CNB031438733 A CN B031438733A CN 03143873 A CN03143873 A CN 03143873A CN 100345036 C CN100345036 C CN 100345036C
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liquid crystal
vertical alignment
alignment mode
pixel electrode
crystal indicator
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CN1475843A (zh
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马旌祜
洪承湖
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Hydis Technologies Co Ltd
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    • GPHYSICS
    • G02OPTICS
    • G02FOPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
    • G02F1/00Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
    • G02F1/01Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour 
    • G02F1/13Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour  based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
    • G02F1/133Constructional arrangements; Operation of liquid crystal cells; Circuit arrangements
    • G02F1/1333Constructional arrangements; Manufacturing methods
    • G02F1/1343Electrodes
    • GPHYSICS
    • G02OPTICS
    • G02FOPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
    • G02F1/00Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
    • G02F1/01Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour 
    • G02F1/13Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour  based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
    • G02F1/133Constructional arrangements; Operation of liquid crystal cells; Circuit arrangements
    • G02F1/1333Constructional arrangements; Manufacturing methods
    • G02F1/1337Surface-induced orientation of the liquid crystal molecules, e.g. by alignment layers
    • G02F1/133707Structures for producing distorted electric fields, e.g. bumps, protrusions, recesses, slits in pixel electrodes
    • GPHYSICS
    • G02OPTICS
    • G02FOPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
    • G02F1/00Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
    • G02F1/01Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour 
    • G02F1/13Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour  based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
    • G02F1/137Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour  based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells characterised by the electro-optical or magneto-optical effect, e.g. field-induced phase transition, orientation effect, guest-host interaction or dynamic scattering
    • G02F1/139Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour  based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells characterised by the electro-optical or magneto-optical effect, e.g. field-induced phase transition, orientation effect, guest-host interaction or dynamic scattering based on orientation effects in which the liquid crystal remains transparent
    • G02F1/1393Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour  based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells characterised by the electro-optical or magneto-optical effect, e.g. field-induced phase transition, orientation effect, guest-host interaction or dynamic scattering based on orientation effects in which the liquid crystal remains transparent the birefringence of the liquid crystal being electrically controlled, e.g. ECB-, DAP-, HAN-, PI-LC cells
    • GPHYSICS
    • G02OPTICS
    • G02FOPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
    • G02F2201/00Constructional arrangements not provided for in groups G02F1/00 - G02F7/00
    • G02F2201/12Constructional arrangements not provided for in groups G02F1/00 - G02F7/00 electrode
    • G02F2201/123Constructional arrangements not provided for in groups G02F1/00 - G02F7/00 electrode pixel
    • GPHYSICS
    • G02OPTICS
    • G02FOPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
    • G02F2201/00Constructional arrangements not provided for in groups G02F1/00 - G02F7/00
    • G02F2201/12Constructional arrangements not provided for in groups G02F1/00 - G02F7/00 electrode
    • G02F2201/128Constructional arrangements not provided for in groups G02F1/00 - G02F7/00 electrode field shaping

Abstract

本发明提供一种可高速响应的垂直取向模式的液晶显示装置。本发明的垂直取向模式的液晶显示装置的特征在于包括:保持预定距离相对配置的下部基板和上部基板;插入该上下部基板之间并由介电常数的各向异性为负的液晶构成的液晶层;在所述下部基板内侧面上形成的有孔的绝缘膜;在该绝缘膜上形成的覆盖所述孔的一半以上的锯齿状的像素电极;在所述上部基板内侧面上形成的相对电极;分别夹在所述像素电极与液晶层之间和相对电极与液晶层之间的垂直取向膜;和以使偏光轴相互交叉地分别附着在所述上下部基板的外侧面上的偏光板。

Description

垂直取向模式液晶显示装置
技术领域
本发明涉及液晶显示装置,更具体地说,涉及可高速响应的垂直取向(Vertical Align)模式的液晶显示装置。
背景技术
众所周知,为了改善TN(Twist Nematic:扭转向列)模式的液晶显示装置的低视角和响应速度特性,提出了一种垂直取向模式的液晶显示装置。
这种垂直取向模式的液晶显示装置具有如下结构:在分别具有未图示的液晶驱动电极的上下部基板之间插入由介电常数的各向异性为负的液晶构成的液晶层,在所述上下部基板的各个相对面上设置垂直取向膜,以使偏光轴相互交叉地附着在上下部基板的相对面的各个背面上的偏光板。
但是,这种垂直取向模式的液晶显示装置具有与液晶为棒形有关的折射率各向异性,因而基于视角的画面的相彼此不同。例如,在形成电场以前,液晶与各基板垂直地取向,因而画面的正面变成完全暗的状态,光在侧面泄漏,从而导致画面质量低。
因此,为了补偿因液晶的折射率各向异性引起的画面质量低,而提出了通过使电场畸变,使液晶在四个方向上取向,由此提高视角的结构。
例如,在美国专利6288762中提出了形成突起作为使电场畸变的手段的方法,其结构如图1所示。
如图1所示,下部基板11与上部基板12在夹置液晶13的情况下相对配置,在所述下部基板11和上部基板12的各相对面上分别形成突起14。
在这样的结构中,形成电场时,在突起14的附近电场发生畸变,液晶13在对称的方向上取向,结果,形成液晶的多畴,可补偿因液晶折射率的各向异性引起的画面质量下降。
此外,作为使电场畸变的方法,提出了具有代替突起的缝隙结构的液晶驱动电极的方法。这种结构如图2所示,其原理与突起结构相同。图2中,附图标号21表示下部基板,22表示上部基板,23和24表示缝隙结构的液晶驱动电极,25表示缝隙。
在利用上述突起和缝隙的垂直取向模式的液晶显示装置中,上述突起和缝隙起一种驱使液晶倾斜(tilting)的源的作用,由图3A和3B的图示可知:缝隙36之间的距离越近,即相对的个数越多,响应时间就越短。对于突起结构,这种现象也是相同的。
图3A和3B中,附图标号31表示下部基板,32表示上部基板,33和34表示液晶驱动电极,35表示液晶,36表示缝隙。
如果为了缩短响应时间而增加倾斜源,即增加突起或缝隙的数量,那么会引起显示画面上向错回线(disclination line)的增加,不仅降低透射率,相反地还导致响应时间增加和驱动电压增加之类的特性降低。
另一方面,为解决该问题,富土通公司在2001年SID Digset 1066页中提出了锯齿状(Jagged)的电极结构,其结构如图4A和4B所示。
参照图4A和4B,在下部基板41的液晶驱动电极即像素电极43具有锯齿状的图形,在上部基板42上设有突起44。
在这种结构中,尽管倾斜源再次进入突起与大缝隙的之间,但该倾斜源使液晶不对称地变斜,不产生向错回线。
但是,这种结构由于最终在下部基板与上部基板上分别设置突起和缝隙之类的倾斜源,而在所述基板之间对合时,不能完全对准的情况下,难以进行稳定的液晶驱动。
发明内容
本发明是为解决上述问题点而提出的,其目的在于提供一种可高速地进行液晶的响应的垂直取向模式液晶显示装置。
为实现上述目的,本发明提供一种垂直取向模式的液晶显示装置,该装置包括:保持预定距离相对配置的下部基板和上部基板;插入所述上下部基板之间并由介电常数的各向异性为负的液晶构成的液晶层;在所述下部基板内侧面上形成的有孔的绝缘膜;在所述绝缘膜上形成的部分地覆盖所述孔的一半以上的锯齿状的像素电极;在所述上部基板内侧面上形成的相对电极;分别夹置所述像素电极与液晶层之间和相对电极与液晶层之间的垂直取向膜;和以使偏光轴相互交叉地分别附着在所述上下部基板的外侧面上的偏光板。
其中,所述孔形成为高度为2μm以下,短边长度为5μm以下,壁面具有10-90°的角度的长方形。
形成所述像素电极,使被所述像素电极覆盖的孔部分和未被覆盖的孔部分之比为1∶1-5∶1,并且,使相邻的像素电极之间的间隔为10μm以下。
按照本发明,通过在下部基板上设置多个使液晶非对称地变斜的倾斜源,可缩短响应时间,并且可提高透射率和上下部基板的结合裕量。
根据对以下参照的本发明最佳实施例的说明,将明确以上所述的本发明的目的和其它特征以及优点等。
附图说明
图1是现有技术中的利用突起的垂直取向模式的液晶显示装置的剖面图。
图2是现有技术中的利用缝隙的垂直取向模式的液晶显示装置的剖面图。
图3A和B是表示基于液晶倾斜的源的各单位长度的个数的响应时间与透射率的变化的图。
图4A和B是说明利用现有技术中的锯齿状像素电极和突起的垂直取向模式的液晶显示装置的图。
图5A-C是说明本发明实施例的垂直取向模式的液晶显示装置中下部基板结构的图。
图6A和B是表示本发明实施例的孔及电极结构的图。
图7是说明使用一般的孔和电极时的液晶动作的图。
图8是说明使用本发明的孔和电极时的液晶动作的图。
图9是展示本发明其它实施例的孔和电极结构的图。
具体实施方式
以下,参照附图来详细说明本发明的优选实施方式。
首先,虽未图示,本发明的垂直取向模式的液晶显示装置具有如下结构:具有的ITO材料的液晶驱动电极即各个像素电极和相对电极的下部基板和上部基板,在夹置由介电常数的各向异性为负的多个液晶构成的液晶层的情况下结合,在所述下部基板与液晶层之间和上部基板与液晶层之间分别夹持垂直取向膜,并且,以使偏光轴相互交叉地分别附着在各基板的相对面的背面的偏光板。
在本发明的垂直取向模式的液晶显示装置中,在形成薄膜晶体管的下部基板上涂敷包含抗蚀剂膜的绝缘膜,在这样的绝缘膜中设置孔(hole),在包含所述孔的一部分的绝缘膜上形成锯齿状的像素电极。
详细地说,图5A-图5C是说明本发明实施例的垂直取向模式的液晶显示装置的示意图,其中,图5A是表示下部基板结构的平面图,图5B是沿图5A中A-A′线的剖面图,图5C是沿图5A中B-B′线的剖面图。
按照这种结构,在下部基板50上形成具有孔54的绝缘膜52,在所述绝缘膜52上与所述孔54的一部分重叠地形成具有锯齿状图形的ITO材料的像素电极56。
其中,所述孔54形成为期望的长方形,其高度为2μm以下,短边长度为5μm以下,并形成10-90°的角度,以便能控制液晶在倾斜角的方向上。
所述像素电极56形成为锯齿状,同时期望被所述像素电极56覆盖的孔部分和未被覆盖的孔部分之比为1∶1-5∶1,并且,相邻的像素电极之间的间隔形成为10μm以下。
更详细地说,所述绝缘膜52包含抗蚀剂膜,如图6A所示,用公知的照相(photo)工艺制作孔54。此外,如图6B所示,所述像素电极56具有锯齿状图形,特别是,在所述绝缘膜52上形成时,使所述孔54的一半以上被所述像素电极56重叠。
这是由于:如图7所示,如果孔64全部被ITO材料的像素电极66覆盖,那么倾斜源可使液晶68对称地取向,此时,在孔64的中心部分产生向错回线69,降低了透射率。图7中,未说明的附图标号61是上部基板,65是相对电极。
相反,由图8的图示可知:在本发明的仅仅孔54的一半以上被像素电极覆盖的情况下,在孔54内液晶59的移动非对称地进行,由此,不产生向错回线,仅在中间的缝隙产生。图8中,未说明的附图标号51是上部基板,55是相对电极。
因此,使像素电极结构为锯齿状不仅仅是所谓倾斜源的原因,而且,如图5B所示,还由于:通过使缝隙57之间的间隔变近,比起图5C的剖面的情况来说,可使像素电极覆盖的画面面积增加,从而使液晶的受力面积增加。
结果,本发明在绝缘膜中具有孔,同时,像素电极配置为覆盖所述孔的一半以上,当驱动液晶时,可产生许多倾斜源,并且,未在上部基板上设置突起或缝隙之类的独立的倾斜源,在像素内可充分地进行液晶驱动。
由于未在上部基板上设置倾斜源,因而可减少由于基板之间的结合不良引起的稳定地驱动液晶的困难和由此引起的画面质量下降。
另一方面,具有所述下部基板结构的本发明垂直取向模式的液晶显示装置还可在偏光板与下部基板之间和上部基板与偏光板之间设置相位补偿板(phase compensation plate),相对于相位补偿板的x、y、z方向的位相延迟值(Rth)由下式1求出。
               Rth=[(nx+ny)/2-hz]×d    .....(式1)
例如,在使用一轴相位补偿板时,期望的相位延迟值(Rth)包含40-800nm的范围,在使用二轴相位补偿板时,期望的相位延迟值(Rth)包含150-250nm的范围。
此外,本发明的垂直取向模式的液晶显示装置中,期望液晶的介电常数的各向异性为-2-10,期望液晶层的厚度设定为2-6μm,并且,期望液晶层的折射率的各向异性与厚度之积(d*Δn)为200-500nm。
图9是表示本发明其它实施例的孔和电极结构的示意图。
按照该实施例,孔54配置在具有锯齿状图形的像素电极56的凹部C1当然也有凸部C2两者。这种情况下,进一步增加了倾斜源,可使液晶的响应时间更快。
此外,中间部分的虚设线56a在形成栅极或数据总线或者像素电极56的同时形成,与上部基板的相对电极施加同一电压,可进一步稳定地驱动液晶。
如上所述,本发明在下部基板上具有开有孔的绝缘膜和锯齿状的像素电极,所述像素电极配置成仅覆盖孔的一半左右,通过倾斜源的增加,可高速地进行液晶响应,并且,由于在上部基板上不设置突起或缝隙之类的倾斜源,而可解决因基板间的结合不良引起的稳定地驱动液晶的困难。
因此,本发明实现了具有高速响应、宽视角、高亮度和高画面质量的显示画面的液晶显示装置。
此外,本发明可在不脱离其实质的范围内进行各种变更。

Claims (10)

1.一种垂直取向模式的液晶显示装置,其特征在于包括:
保持预定距离相对配置的下部基板和上部基板;
插入所述上下部基板之间的由介电常数的各向异性为负的液晶构成的液晶层;
在所述下部基板内侧面上形成的有孔的绝缘膜;
在所述绝缘膜上形成的部分地覆盖所述孔的一半以上的锯齿状的像素电极;
在所述上部基板内侧面上形成的相对电极;
分别夹在所述像素电极与液晶层之间和相对电极与液晶层之间的垂直取向膜;和
以使偏光轴相互交叉地分别附着在所述上下部基板的外侧面上的偏光板。
2.如权利要求1所述的垂直取向模式的液晶显示装置,其特征在于:所述孔形成为长方形。
3.如权利要求1所述的垂直取向模式的液晶显示装置,其特征在于:形成所述孔,使其高度为2μm以下,短边长度为5μm以下,壁面具有10-90°的角度。
4.如权利要求1所述的垂直取向模式的液晶显示装置,其特征在于:形成所述像素电极,使被所述像素电极覆盖的孔部分和未被覆盖的孔部分之比为1∶1-5∶1。
5.如权利要求1所述的垂直取向模式的液晶显示装置,其特征在于:形成所述像素电极,使相邻的像素电极之间的间隔为10μm以下。
6.如权利要求1所述的垂直取向模式的液晶显示装置,其特征在于:所述孔配置在锯齿状的像素电极的凹部和凸部两者上。
7.如权利要求1所述的垂直取向模式的液晶显示装置,其特征在于:还包括在所述上下部基板与偏光板之间设置的相位补偿板。
8.如权利要求7所述的垂直取向模式的液晶显示装置,其特征在于:所述相位补偿板为一轴或二轴相位补偿板,所述一轴相位补偿板的相位延迟值包含40-800nm的范围,所述二轴相位补偿板的相位延迟值包含150-250nm的范围。
9.如权利要求1所述的垂直取向模式的液晶显示装置,其特征在于:所述液晶的介电常数的各向异性为-2--10。
10.如权利要求1所述的垂直取向模式的液晶显示装置,其特征在于:所述液晶层的厚度为2-6μm,液晶层的厚度与液晶的折射率各向异性之积为200-500nm。
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