CN100344610C - 芳基-甲醛肟衍生物及其作为雌激素药物的用途 - Google Patents
芳基-甲醛肟衍生物及其作为雌激素药物的用途 Download PDFInfo
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- CN100344610C CN100344610C CNB2004800134458A CN200480013445A CN100344610C CN 100344610 C CN100344610 C CN 100344610C CN B2004800134458 A CNB2004800134458 A CN B2004800134458A CN 200480013445 A CN200480013445 A CN 200480013445A CN 100344610 C CN100344610 C CN 100344610C
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Abstract
本发明提供具有式(I)的结构的雌激素受体调制剂:其中R1至R5如说明书中定义;或者其药学可接受盐。
Description
发明领域
本发明涉及芳基-甲醛肟衍生物,并且在某些方面涉及(羟基-苯基)-芳基-甲醛肟衍生物、其作为雌激素药物的应用及其制备的方法。
发明背景
雌激素在哺乳动物组织内的多效作用已经被报导过,现在了解雌激素作用于许多器官系统[Mendelsohn和Karas,新英格兰医学杂志(New England Journal of Medicine)340:1801-1811(1999),Epperson等,身心医学(Psychosomatic Medicine)61:676-697(1999),Crandall,妇女健康和性基础医学杂志(Journal ofWomens Health & Gender Based Medicine)8:1155-1166(1999),Monk和Brodaty,痴呆和老年认知障碍(Dementia & GeriatricCognitive Disorders)11:1-10(2000),Hum和Macrae,脑血流和代谢杂志(Journal of Cerebral Blood Flow & Metabolism)20:631-652(2000),Calvin,Maturitas 34:195-210(2000),Finking等,Zeitschrift fur Kardiologie 89:442-453(2000),Brincat,Maturitas 35:107-117(2000),A1-Azzawi,研究生医学杂志(Postgraduate Medical Journal)77:292-304(2001)]。雌激素可以以数种方式对组织施加影响。可能地,描述特征最充分的作用机理是其与雌激素受体之间的相互作用导致基因转录改变。雌激素受体是配体激活的转录因子且属于核激素受体超家族。该家族的其他成员包括孕酮,雄激素,糖皮质激素和盐皮质激素受体。在与配体结合时,这些受体二聚化且可以通过直接与DNA上的特定序列(称作响应因子)结合或者通过与其他转录因子(例如AP1)相互作用、,随后直接结合特定DNA序列而激活基因转录[Moggs和Orphanides,EMBO报告2:775-781(2001),Hall等,生物化学杂志(Journal of BiologicalChemistry)276:36869-36872(2001),McDonnell,分子调节的原理(Principles Of Molecular Regulation)p351-361(2000)]。一类的″共调节″蛋白质也可以与配体结合的受体相互作用且进一步调制其转录活性[McKenna等.,内分泌综述(Endocrine Reviews)20:321-344(1999)]。目前已经证实,雌激素受体可以通过配体依赖性和非依赖性两种方式抑制NFKB-介导的转录[Quaedackers等,内分泌学(Endocrinology)142:1156-1166(2001),Bhat等,类固醇生物化学和分子生物学杂志(Journal of Steroid Biochemistry & MolecularBiology)67:233-240(1998),Pelzer等,生物化学和生物物理研究通讯(Biochemical & Biophysical Research Communications)286:1153-7(2001)]。
雌激素受体还可以通过磷酸化作用激活。这种磷酸化作用是由生长因素如EGF介导,且在配体不存在条件下引起基因转录的改变[Moggs和Orphanides,EMBO报告2:775-781(2001),Hall等.,生物化学杂志(Journal of Biological Chemistry)276:36869-36872(2001)]。
没有被充分刻画特征的、雌激素可作用于细胞的方式被称作膜受体。这种受体的存在是有争议的,但已经有适当文献称雌激素可以引起由细胞的极快非基因组响应。负责转导这些效应的分子完整性还未被确凿的分离出来,但有证据显示至少与雌激素受体的核形成有关[Levin,实用生理学杂志(Journal of Applied Physiology)91:1860-1867(2001),Levin,内分泌和代谢的趋势(Trends inEndocrinology & Metabolism)10:374-377(1999)]。
目前为止已经发现两种雌激素受体。第一种雌激素受体在约15年前被克隆,且现在称作ERα[Green等,自然(Nature)320:134-9(1986)]。第二种受体是在相对近期发现的,并且被称作ERβ[Kuiper等.,美国国家科学院汇编(Proceedings of the National Academyof Sciences of the United States of America)93:5925-5930(1996)]。有关ERβ的早期工作集中在确定其对不同配体的亲和力上,并且事实上,集中于发现与ERα的某些差异上。在啮齿动物中已经很好描绘出ERβ的组织分布,而它与ERα不一致。组织例如小鼠和大鼠子宫主要表达ERα,而小鼠和大鼠肺主要表达ERβ[Couse等,内分泌学(Endocrinology)138:4613-4621(1997),Kuiper等,内分泌学(Endocrinology)138:863-870(1997)]。甚至在一些情况中,ERα和ERβ的分布可以被区域化。譬如,在小鼠卵巢中,ERβ高度表达在粒膜细胞内而ERα局限在鞘和基质细胞中[Sar和Welsch,内分泌学(Endocrinology)140:963-971(1999),Fitzpatrick等,内分泌学(Endocrinology)140:2581-2591(1999)]。然而,有实例中所述受体被共同表达,并且有体外研究的证据显示ERα和ERβ可以形成杂二聚体[Cowley等,生物化学杂志(Journal of BiologicalChemistry)272:19858-19862(1997)]。
大多数的有效内源性雌激素为17β-雌二醇。已经公开了大量模拟或阻断17β-雌二醇活性的化合物。被概括具有与17β-雌二醇具有相同生物效应的化合物被称作″雌激素受体激动剂″。那些当与17β-雌二醇组合时阻断17β-雌二醇作用的化合物被称作″雌激素受体拮抗剂″。在实际中,雌激素受体激动剂和雌激素受体拮抗剂活性之间存在交叉区并且某些化合物在某些组织内充当雌激素受体激动剂而在其他组织内充当雌激素受体拮抗剂。这样的具有混和活性的化合物称作选择性雌激素受体调制剂(SERMS)并且是治疗上有用的药物(例如EVISTA)[McDonnell,社会妇科调查杂志(Journal of the Societyfor Gynecologic Investigation)7:S10-S15(2000),Goldstein等,人类生殖更新(Human Re产物ion Update)6:212-224(2000)]。同一化合物为何具有细胞特异性作用的准确原因还不清楚,但受体构型和/或共调节蛋白质的环境之差异已经被提及过。
已经发现有时雌激素受体在与配体结合时采取不同的构型。然而,这些变化的结果和微妙之处仅仅在最近才被揭示。ERα和ERβ的三维结构已经通过用多种配体共结晶来解决,而且清楚地显示螺旋12在雌激素受体拮抗剂的存在下复位,该复位在空间位阻上阻碍了受体-共调节蛋白质相互作用所需的蛋白质序列[Pike等,Embo 18:4608-4618(1999),Shiau等.,Cell 95:927-937(1998)]。此外,噬菌体显示的技术已经被用来鉴定在不同配体存在下与雌激素受体相互作用的肽[Paige等.,Proceedings of the National Academy ofSciences of the United States of America 96:3999-4004(1999)]。譬如,鉴定出一种肽,它可以辨别与完全雌激素受体激动剂17β-雌二醇和二乙基己烯雌酚结合的ERα。一种不同的肽被证实能够区分结合ERα和ERβ的氯米芬。这些数据表明,各配体潜在地使受体处于独特和不可预知的似乎具有不同生物活性的构型。
如上所述,雌激素作用于全部的生物过程。此外,当性别差异被提出时(例如发病频率、对刺激的反应等),可以解释为与雄性和雌性之间雌激素水平的差异有关。
发明概述
本发明涉及芳基-甲醛肟衍生物,特别是用作雌激素药物的那些。一方面,本发明涉及下式的芳基-甲醛衍生物:
其中:
R1是氢,卤素,低级烷基,CN或低级烷氧基;
R2和R3一起构成稠合芳基或杂芳基环;
R4是氢,卤素,低级烷基,CN,或低级烷氧基;
R5是氢,低级烷基,或-C(O)R6;和
R6是低级烷基;
或其药学可接受盐。在某些优选实施方式中,R5是H。
另一方面,本发明涉及含有至少一种上述化合物以及药学可接受载体的药物组合物。
另一方面,本发明涉及上述化合物在治疗或预防疾病中的应用,所述疾病包括但不限于炎性肠病例如克罗恩氏病和结肠炎。
发明详述
本发明提供芳基-甲醛肟衍生物。这些化合物适宜用作雌激素能药物,用于治疗和预防疾病,例如炎性肠病(包括克罗恩氏病和结肠炎)。一方面,本发明涉及式I的化合物:
其中:
R1是氢,卤素,低级烷基,CN或低级烷氧基;
R2和R3一起构成稠合芳基或杂芳基环;
R4是氢,卤素,低级烷基,CN,或低级烷氧基;
R5是氢,低级烷基,或-C(O)R6;和
R6是低级烷基;
或其药学可接受盐。在某些优选实施方式中,R5是H。
在某些优选实施方式中,R1是卤素,R2和R3一起构成5或6元稠合环,例如苯基、呋喃、噻吩,并且R4是H或卤素。
当本发明的化合物含有碱性部分时,可以由有机和无机酸形成药学可接受盐,例如,乙酸、丙酸、乳酸、柠檬酸、酒石酸、琥珀酸、富马酸、马来酸、丙二酸、苦杏仁酸、苹果酸、邻苯二甲酸、盐酸、氢溴酸、磷酸、硝酸、硫酸、甲磺酸、萘磺酸、苯磺酸、甲苯磺酸、樟脑磺酸和类似的已知酸。当本发明的化合物含有酸性部分时,还可以由有机和无机碱形成盐,例如碱金属盐(例如,钠、锂或钾),碱土金属盐,铵盐,含有1-6个碳原子的烷基铵盐或各烷基含有1-6个碳原子的二烷基铵盐,和各烷基含有1-6个碳原子的三烷基铵盐。
术语″芳基″是指6-10个碳原子的碳环芳香环,例如苯基。术语″杂芳基″是指含有1个或多个,例如1-3个选自氧、氮和硫的杂原子的5或6元芳香环。芳基和杂芳基可以被任选取代。
在此单独或者作为另一基团的一部分使用的术语″烷基″,是指取代或未取代的脂族烃链,并且包括但不限于,含有1-12个碳原子、优选1-6个碳原子的直链和支链,除非另外说明。例如,甲基、乙基、丙基、异丙基、丁基、异丁基和叔丁基属于术语″烷基″。″烷基″定义中尤其包括任选取代的脂族烃链。
定义中使用的碳原子数是指碳主链和碳支链,但不包括取代基的碳原子,例如烷氧基取代基等。
在此单独或者作为另一基团的一部分使用的术语″链烯基″,是指取代或未取代的脂族烃链,并且包括但不限于,具有2-8个碳原子且含有至少一个双键的直链和支链。优选链烯基部分具有1或2个双键。所述链烯基部分可以存在E或Z构型,本发明的化合物包括这两种构型。″链烯基″定义中尤其包括那些任选取代的脂族烃链。与链烯基相连的杂原子,例如O、S或N-R1,不应与连接了双键的碳原子相连。
在此单独或者作为另一基团的一部分使用的术语″苯基″,是指取代或未取代的苯基。
任选取代的烷基、链烯基、芳基、杂芳基和苯基可以被一个或多个取代基取代。适当的任选取代基可以独立地选自:硝基,氰基,-N(R11)(R12),卤素,羟基,羧基,烷基,链烯基,炔基,环烷基,芳基,杂芳基,烷氧基,芳氧基,杂芳氧基,烷基烷氧基,烷氧基羰基,烷氧基烷氧基,全氟烷基,全氟烷氧基,芳基烷基,烷基芳基,羟基烷基,烷氧基烷基,烷硫基,-S(O)2-N(R11)(R12),-C(=O)-N(R11)(R12),(R11)(R12)N-烷基,(R11)(R12)N-烷氧基烷基,(R11)(R12)N-烷基芳氧基烷基,-S(O)s-芳基(其中s=0-2)或-S(O)s-杂芳基(其中s=0-2)。在本发明的某些实施方式中,对于烷基、链烯基、炔基和环烷基所优选的取代基包括硝基,氰基,-N(R11)(R12),卤素,羟基,芳基,杂芳基,烷氧基,烷氧基烷基和烷氧基羰基。在本发明的某些实施方式中,对于芳基和杂芳基来说优选的取代基包括-N(R11)(R12),烷基,卤素,全氟烷基,全氟烷氧基,芳基烷基和烷基芳基。
术语卤素包括溴、氯、氟和碘。
术语″低级烷基″是指具有1-6个碳原子的烷基,在某些优选实施方式中为1-3个碳原子。
在此使用的术语″低级烷氧基″是指基团R-O-,其中R是1-6个碳原子的烷基,在一些优选实施方式中为1-3个碳原子。
本发明所用术语″提供″,涉及本发明所提供的化合物或物质,是指直接施用的化合物或物质,或者施用的前药、衍生物或类似物,它们将在体内形成有效量的化合物或物质。
本发明的化合物是指用于治疗或抑制情况下的雌激素受体调制剂,紊乱或疾病为至少部分由雌激素缺乏或过量介导,或者可以利用雌激素药物治疗或抑制。本发明的化合物特别适用于治疗那些所产生的内源性雌激素大大减少的绝经前、绝经或绝经后的患者。绝经通常被定义为末期月经日期,其特征在于卵巢功能的停止所导致的血液中循环雌激素的大量减少。在此,绝经还包括雌激素生成减少的状况,这可能是手术、化学引起的,或者由导致卵巢功能提前减少或停止的疾病状态引起的。
所以,本发明的化合物可用于治疗或抑制骨质疏松症或抑制骨骼脱矿质化,它们可能来自个体中的新骨骼组织形成与旧组织吸收之间的失衡,所导致的骨骼净损失。这种骨骼缺失发生在一定范围的个体中,特别是绝经后妇女、经历两侧卵巢切除术的妇女、那些正在或已经接受长期皮质类固醇疗法的妇女、那些患有生殖腺发育不全和那些患有库欣综合症的患者。在患有骨折、缺损性骨结构的个体中和那些接受骨骼相关性手术和/或修复术植入的个体中,这些化合物也可以达到骨骼(包括牙齿和口腔骨)替代的特别要求。除了上述那些问题以外,这些化合物可以用来治疗或抑制骨关节炎、低血钙症、高钙血症、佩吉特病、骨软化、骨质缺乏、多发性骨髓瘤和其他形式的对骨组织具有损害性作用的癌症。
本发明的化合物还可用于治疗或抑制良性或恶性的异常组织生长,包括前列腺肥大、子宫平滑肌瘤、乳腺癌、子宫内膜异位、子宫内膜癌、多囊性卵巢综合症、子宫内膜息肉、良性乳腺疾病、腺肌瘤、卵巢癌、黑素瘤、前列腺癌、结肠癌,CNS癌,例如神经胶质瘤或astioblastomia。
本发明的化合物是心肺保护性的,它们可用于降低胆固醇、甘油三脂、Lp(a)和LDL水平;抑制或治疗高胆固醇血症、高血脂、心血管疾病、动脉粥样硬化、外周血管疾病、再狭窄和血管痉挛;并且抑制血管壁损伤,该损伤来自细胞活动所导致的免疫介导的血管损伤。当用雌激素类治疗绝经后患者时,这些心血管保护性物质对于抑制骨质疏松症和在以雌激素疗法为基础的男性中都非常重要。
本发明的化合物也是抗氧剂,并因此适用于治疗或抑制自由基诱发的疾病状态。在特定情况中抗氧剂疗法被指定为基础疗法的是癌症、中枢神经系统障碍、阿尔茨海默氏病、骨骼疾病、衰老、炎性疾病、外周血管疾病、类风湿性关节炎、自身免疫性疾病、呼吸窘迫、肺气肿、再灌注损伤的预防、病毒性肝炎、慢性活动性肝炎、肺结核、牛皮癣、系统性红斑狼疮、成人呼吸窘迫综合症、中枢神经系统创伤和休克。
本发明的化合物还用于认知增强,并且在治疗或抑制老年性痴呆、阿尔茨海默氏病、认知减退、神经变性疾病等方面,用作神经保护或认知增强。
本发明的化合物还用于治疗或抑制炎性肠病、溃疡性直肠炎、克罗恩氏病和结肠炎;和绝经有关的病症,例如血管舒缩症状如热潮红类、阴道或外阴萎缩、萎缩性阴道炎、阴道干燥、瘙痒、交媾困难、排尿困难、排尿频繁、尿失禁、尿道感染,血管舒缩症状,包括热潮红、肌痛、关节痛、失眠、过敏等;男性脱发;皮肤萎缩;痤疮;II型糖尿病;功能不良性子宫出血;和不育症。
本发明的化合物适合于那些闭经具有有益作用的疾病状态,例如白血病、子宫内膜切除、慢性肾性或肝性疾病或凝血疾病或障碍。
本发明的化合物还可以用作避孕药物,特别当与孕激素联合使用时。
当作为治疗或抑制特定疾病状态或障碍给药时,应知道有效剂量可以根据所用的具体化合物、给药方式、病症和被治疗病症的严重性,以及与被治疗个体有关的多种生理因素而变化。本发明的化合物的有效给药可以以约0.1mg/天至约1,000mg/天的口服剂量施用。优选给药为从约10mg/天至约600mg/天,更优选为从约50mg/天至约600mg/天,以单一剂量或以两个或多个分剂量给药。所设定的日剂量应视给药的途径而变化。
所述的剂量可以以有效地使所述活性化合物定向进入到接受者的血液内的方式给药,包括经口服、经植入、经非肠道(包括静脉内,腹膜内和皮下注射)、经直肠、经鼻内、经鞘内和透皮给药。
含有本发明的活性化合物的口服制剂可以包括任何常用口服剂型,包括片剂、胶囊、经颊剂、糖锭剂、锭剂和口服液体、混悬液或溶液。胶囊可以含有活性化合物与惰性填充剂和/或稀释剂的混和物,例如药学可接受淀粉(例如玉米、土豆或木薯淀粉)、糖、人工甜味剂、粉状纤维素,如晶体或微晶纤维素,面粉,明胶,树胶等。适用的片剂剂型可以通过常规压缩、湿法制粒和干法制粒法制备,并采用药学可接受稀释剂、粘合剂、润滑剂、崩解剂、表面改性剂(包括表面活性剂),助悬剂或稳定剂,包括但不限于,硬脂酸镁、硬脂酸、滑石粉、十二烷基硫酸钠、微晶纤维素、羧甲基纤维素钙、聚乙烯吡咯烷酮、明胶、藻酸、阿拉伯胶、黄原胶、柠檬酸钠、复合硅酸盐、碳酸钙、甘氨酸、糊精、蔗糖、山梨糖醇、磷酸二钙、硫酸钙、乳糖、高岭土、甘露糖醇、氯化钠、滑石粉、干燥淀粉和糖粉。优选的表面改性剂包括非离子和阴离子表面改性剂。表面改性剂的代表例包括但不限于,泊洛沙姆(poloxamer)188、苯扎氯铵、硬脂酸钙、十六醇和十八醇混合物(cetostearl alcohol)、聚西脱醇乳化蜡、脱水山梨糖醇酯、胶体二氧化硅,磷酸盐、十二烷基硫酸钠、硅酸镁铝和三乙醇胺。本发明的口服制剂可以采用标准延迟或定时释放制剂以改变活性化合物的吸收。口服制剂还可以由施加在水或果汁中的活性成分组成,根据需要其中含有适当的增溶剂或乳化剂。
在某些情况中可能希望直接给予气雾剂形式的所述化合物到呼吸道内。
本发明的化合物还可以经非肠道或腹膜内给药。这些作为游离碱或药学可接受盐的活性化合物的溶液或混悬液,可以在水中通过适当地与表面活性剂例如羟丙基纤维素混和制成。分散体也可以在甘油、液体聚乙二醇或其在油内的混和物中制成。在常规储存和使用条件下,这些制剂含有防止微生物生长的防腐剂。
适合注射使用的药学剂型,包括灭菌水溶液或分散体和用于即时制备灭菌可注射溶液或分散体的灭菌粉末。在所有情况中,该剂型必须被灭菌且液化至易注射的程度。在制造和储存的条件下必须稳定,并且必须对微生物如细菌和真菌的污染具有防止作用。载体可以是溶剂或分散介质,包括例如水、乙醇、多元醇(例如甘油,丙二醇和液体聚乙二醇),其适当混和物和植物油。
基于公开的目的,透皮给药被认为包括所有通过机体表面和内膜机体通道(包括上皮和粘膜组织)给药。这样的给药可以利用本发明的化合物或其药学可接受盐,以洗剂、霜剂、泡沫剂、贴剂、混悬剂、溶液剂和栓剂(直肠和阴道)给药。
透皮给药可以采用透皮贴剂来完成,所述贴剂含有活性化合物和对该活性化合物呈惰性的载体,载体对皮肤无毒,并且能够使药物经皮肤传输进入血液达到被系统吸收。载体可以为多种形式,例如霜剂和软膏、糊剂、凝胶剂和封闭装置。霜剂和软膏可以是粘性液体或水包油或油包水型的半固体乳剂。也可以使用糊剂,该糊剂包括吸附性粉末分散在含活性成分的石油或亲水性石油中。许多闭合装置可以用来释放活性成分到血液中,例如半渗透膜覆盖含有具有或不具有载体的活性成分的储库,或者含有活性成分的基质。其他闭合装置是文献中公开过的。
栓剂可以由传统材料制成,包括可可脂,加入或不加入蜡以便改变栓剂的熔点,以及甘油。水可溶栓剂基质,也可以使用例如不同分子量的聚乙二醇。
制备本发明的化合物中所用的试剂可以商购,或者可以通过文献所述的标准方法制备。
几个代表性化合物的制备描述见下述1-7图解。
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实施例1
4-溴萘-1-甲醛
向150ml烧瓶加入1,4-二溴萘(2.0g,7.0mmol)和无水乙醚(50ml)。冷却至0℃后滴加n-BuLi(3.1ml 2.5M在己烷中,7.7mmol)并搅拌20分钟,此后加入无水DMF(1.62ml,21mmol)。该反应随后升至室温,1小时后用水(10ml)猝灭该反应,搅拌10分钟,并且用醚萃取(3x)。该醚层用无水Na2SO4干燥,经过硅胶塞料,并且浓缩得到1.02g(62%)的产物,其为纯的米色固体:1H NMR(300MHz,DMSO-d6):δ7.80-7.85(2H,m),8.10(1H,d,J=7.7Hz),8.20(1H,d,J=7.7Hz),8.32(1H,m).9.24(1H,m),10.42(1H,s)。
分析C11H7BrO:
计算值:C:56.20 H:3.00
实测值:C:56.13 H:2.98
实施例2
4-[4-(叔丁基二甲基甲硅烷氧基)-苯基]-萘-1-甲醛
将4-溴萘-1-甲醛(500mg,2.13mmol)、Na2CO3(3.5ml的2N水溶液,7.0mmol)、Pd(PPh3)4(0.130g,0.11mmol)、4-(叔丁基二甲基甲硅烷氧基)硼酸(680mg,2.55mmol)和乙二醇二甲醚(55ml)的混和物加热回流6小时。冷却该反应并用EtOAc稀释。该有机层用无水Na2SO4干燥,经过硅胶塞料并浓缩。柱色谱(20%EtOAc-己烷)得到510mg(66%)的产物,其为黄色固体:1H NMR(300MHz,DMSO-d6):δ0.28(6H,s),1.01(9H,s),7.05(2H,d,J=8.2Hz),7.43(2H,d,J=8.2Hz),7.60-7.70(2H,m),7.77(1H,t,J=8.2Hz),7.95(1H,d,J=8.5Hz),8.23(1H,d,J=7.3Hz),9.29(1H,d,J=8.5Hz),10.43(1H,s)。
实施例3
4-(4-羟基苯基)-1-萘甲醛肟
将4-[4-(叔丁基二甲基甲硅烷氧基)-苯基]-萘-1-甲醛(510mg,1.40mmol)、羟胺盐酸盐(196mg,2.82mmol)和无水吡啶(0.228ml,2.82mmol)在MeOH(3.2ml)中的混和物加热回流3小时。随后将该混合物减压下浓缩并溶于醚(5ml)。随后加入含于THF中的1.0M TBAF(5.1ml,4.2mmol)且搅拌5分钟。向该反应加入水(5ml)且此后用EtOAc萃取。该有机物用无水Na2SO4干燥并经过硅胶塞料。蒸发溶剂并通过柱色谱纯化(10%MeOH-EtOAc)得到150mg(41%)的产物,其为白色固体:mp 200.0-200.5℃;1H NMR(300MHz,DMSO-d6):δ6.93(2H,d,J=8.0Hz),7.29(2H,d,J=8.0Hz),7.42(1H,d,J=7.3Hz),7.54(1H,appt,J=7.6Hz).7.61(1H,appt,J=7.6Hz),7.83(1H,d,J=7.3),7.92(1H,d,J=8.4Hz),8.73(1H,d,J=8.4Hz),8.81(1H,s),9.66(1H,s),11.45(1H,s);MS(ESI)m/z262([M-H]-)。
分析C17H13NO2:
计算值:C,77.55;H,4.98;N,5.32
实测值:C,77.18;H,4.93;N,5.14
实施例4
4-(3-氟-4-甲氧基苯基)-萘-1-甲醛
将4-溴萘-1-甲醛(550mg,2.34mmol)、Na2CO3(2.34ml的2N水溶液,4.68mmol)、Pd(PPh3)4(0.135g,0.12mmol)、3-氟-4-甲氧基硼酸(480mg,2.83mmol)和乙二醇二甲醚(25ml)的混和物加热回流12小时。冷却该反应,用EtOAc稀释并分离层。该有机层用无水Na2SO4干燥,经过硅胶塞料并浓缩得到810mg粗产物,将其用于下步无需进一步纯化。分析样品通过反相HPLC制备(水-CH3CN-0.1%TFA):mp137-138℃;1H NMR(300MHz,DMSO-d6):δ3.95(3H,s),7.30-7.47(3H,m),7.63-7.71(3H,m),7.95(1H,d,J=8.3Hz),8.24(1H,d,J=7.4Hz),9.28(1H,d,J=8.4Hz),10.44(1H,s)。
分析C18H13FO2
计算值:C,77.13;H,4.67
实测值:C,76.23;H,4.74
实施例5
4-(3-氟-4-羟基苯基)-萘-1-甲醛
向35ml烧瓶加入4-(3-氟-4-甲氧基苯基)-萘-1-甲醛(720mg-80%纯,2.05mmol)和吡啶盐酸盐(3g,26mmol)。该混和物在195℃下加热2小时,略冷却,将残余的吡啶盐酸盐溶于水(50ml)。该水层用乙酸乙酯萃取(3x),用无水Na2SO4干燥,经过硅胶塞料和浓缩得到570mg(99%)的产物,其为米色泡沫。该原料用于下步无需进一步纯化:1H NMR(300MHz,DMSO-d6):δ7.16(2H,m),7.35(1H,d,J=12.00Hz),7.60-7.80(3H,m),7.98(2H,d,J=8.3Hz)8.22(1H,d,J=7.4Hz),9.28(1H,d,J=8.4),10.24(1H,s),10.43(1H,s)。
实施例6
4-(3-氟-4-羟基苯基)-萘-1-甲醛肟
将4-(3-氟-4-羟基苯基)-萘-1-甲醛(570mg,2.13mmol)、羟胺盐酸盐(297mg,4.27mmol)和无水吡啶(0.35ml,4.27mmol)在MeOH(13ml)中的混和物加热回流1.5小时。该混合物随后用醚稀释,用水洗涤,该有机层用无水Na2SO4干燥,经过硅胶塞料并浓缩。通过反相HPLC纯化(水-CH3CN-0.1%TFA)得到400mg(67%)的产物,其为白色固体:mp 187-188℃;1H NMR(300MHz,DMSO-d6):δ7.12(2H,m),7.28(1H,d,J=11.4Hz),7.45(1H,d,J=7.4Hz),7.53-7.64(2H,m).7.83(1H,d,J=7.5Hz),7.90(1H,d,J=7.6),8.73(1H,d,J=8.1Hz),8.81(1H,s),10.08(1H,s),11.46(1H,s);MSm/z282([M+H]+)。
分析C17H12FNO2
计算值:C,72.59;H,4.30;N,4.98
实测值:C,72.21;H,4.34;N,4.83。
实施例7
三氟甲磺酸4,5-二氢-1-苯并噻吩-4-基酯
向1000ml圆底烧瓶加入6,7-二氢-5H-苯并[b]噻吩-4-酮(7.36g,48.35mmol)、无水CH2Cl2(500ml)、2,6-二甲基吡啶(6.76ml,58.0mmol),并且使该溶液冷却至0℃。加入三氟甲磺酸酐(15g,53.2mmol)且使该反应升至室温。此后2小时后加入附加量的Tf2O(0.6g,2.1mmol),该反应用饱和NaHCO3猝灭。水溶液用CH2Cl2萃取(3x),经过硅胶塞料并浓缩。柱色谱(10%EtOAc-己烷)得到10.1g(74%)产物,其为红色油:1H NMR(300MHz,DMSO-d6):δ2.62(2H,m),2.92(2H,t,J=9.0Hz),5.93(1H,t,J=4.7Hz),6.95(1H,d,J=5.2Hz),7.45(1H,d,J=5.2Hz)。
实施例8
4-(4-甲氧基苯基)-1-苯并噻吩
三氟甲磺酸4,5-二氢-1-苯并噻吩-4-基酯(9.0g,31.7mmol)、Na2CO3(39.6ml的2N水溶液,79.2mmol)、Pd(PPh3)4(1.83g,1.6mmol)、4-甲氧基硼酸(5.78mg,38.03mmol)和乙二醇二甲醚(350ml)的混和物加热回流6小时。冷却该反应,用EtOAc稀释并分离层。该有机层用无水Na2SO4干燥,经过硅胶塞料并浓缩得到5.0g固体(1.44∶1比例的所需化合物[6,7,6′,7′-四氢-[4,4′]联[苯并[b]硫代苯基])。将该原料溶于甲苯(50ml)并加入活化MnO2(4.5g)。将该混合物回流过夜,冷却,过滤并浓缩得到5g固体(1.4∶1比例的[4,4′]联[苯并[b]硫代苯基]所需化合物)。柱色谱(3∶97 EtOAc/己烷)分离出880mg的纯产物:1H NMR(300MHz,DMSO-d6):δ3.83(3H,s),7.09(2H,d,J=8.6Hz),7.33(1H,d,J=7.2Hz),7.40-7.45(2H,m),7.51(2H,d,J=8.7Hz),7.79(1H,d,J=5.5Hz),7.99(1H,d,l=8.0Hz)。
实施例9
7-溴-4-(4-甲氧基苯基)-1-苯并噻吩
向25ml圆底烧瓶加入4-(4-甲氧基苯基)-1-苯并噻吩(500mg,2.08mmol)、CH2Cl2(10ml),并且将溶液冷却至-20℃(丙酮-水,CO2)。在0.5小时内缓慢加入溴(8.33ml的0.25M储备液,在CH2Cl2中,2.08mmol),将该反应继续搅拌0.5小时。该反应随后用水洗涤,用无水Na2SO4干燥,经过硅胶塞料并浓缩得到460mg橙色油。由3∶97EtOAc-己烷重结晶得到350mg(53%)的产物,其为白色晶体:1HNMR(300MHz,DMSO-d6):δ3.83(3H,s),7.10(2H,d,J=8.0Hz),7.31(1H,d,J=7.9Hz),7.51(2H,d,J=8.4Hz),7.56(1H,d,J=5.6Hz),7.68(1H,d,J=7.9Hz),7.92(1H,d,J=5.6Hz)。
分析C15H11BrOS:
计算值:C:56.44 H:3.47
实测值:C:56.25 H:3.42
实施例10
4-(4-甲氧基苯基)-1-苯并噻吩-7-甲醛
向25ml圆底烧瓶的无水THF(10ml)中加入7-溴-4-(4-甲氧基苯基)-1-苯并噻吩(300mg,0.94mmol),使该溶液冷却至-78℃。滴加-BuLi(0.38ml在己烷中2.5M,0.94mmol),将该溶液搅拌10分钟,此后在-78℃下一次性加入无水DMF(0.15ml,1.9mmol)。将该反应搅拌15分钟,此后用水(10ml)猝灭和用醚萃取。合并有机相,用无水Na2SO4干燥并浓缩得到180mg(71.4%)的醛产物,其为黄色油。反相HPLC(CH3CN 0.1%TFA,水0.1%TFA)得到160mg的所需化合物和4-(4-甲氧基苯基)-1-苯并噻吩-2-甲醛的8∶3混合物,它们为一个峰。收集另一副产物(7-溴-4-(4-甲氧基苯基)-1-苯并噻吩-2-甲醛,20mg):1H NMR(8∶3比例的所需化合物+7-溴-4-(4-甲氧基苯基)-1-苯并噻吩-2-甲醛)(300MHz,DMSO-d6):δ3.86(3H,s,主产物+副产物),7.14(2H,d,J=8.9Hz,副产物),7.14(2H,d,J=8.6Hz,主产物),7.47(1H,d,J=7.3Hz,副产物),7.54-7.67(4H,m,主产物+副产物),7.99(1H,d,J=5.6Hz,主产物),8.09(1H,d,J=8.1Hz,副产物),8.19(1H,d,J=7.5Hz),8.41(1H,s,副产物),10.14(1H,s,副产物),10.27(1H,s,主产物)。
分析C16H12O2S:
计算值:C:71.62 H:4.51
实测值:C:71.32 H:4.50
实施例11
4-(4-羟基苯基)-1-苯并噻吩-7-甲醛
将10ml圆底烧瓶中的62.5%纯4-(4-甲氧基苯基)-1-苯并噻吩-7-甲醛(其余37.5%为4-(4-甲氧基苯基)-1-苯并噻吩-2-甲醛)(102mg,0.38mmol)和CH2Cl2(2ml)的溶液冷却至-78℃。随后滴加BBr3(0.8ml 1.0M在CH2Cl2中,0.8mmol),此后该反应变为深红色。使该反应升至室温并在1小时后通过TLC监测该反应达到完全,通过倾入水(15ml)中猝灭。该混合物用醚稀释,分离各层且水层进一步用醚萃取。合并有机相,用无水Na2SO4干燥,经过硅胶塞料并浓缩得到绿色固体。反相HPLC(CH3CN 0.1%TFA,水0.1%TFA)得到50mg(52%)所需产物,其为黄色固体:mp203-204℃;1H NMR(300MHz,DMSO-d6):δ6.96(2H,d,J=8.5Hz),7.50(2H,d,J=8.5Hz),7.56(1H,d,J=5.6Hz),7.62(1H,d,J=7.5Hz),7.97(1H,d,J=5.6Hz),8.16(1H,d,J=7.5Hz),9.84(1H,s),10.25(1H,s);MS(ESI)m/z253([M-H])
分析C15H10O2S:
计算值:C:70.84 H:3.96
实测值:C:70.56 H:3.99
实施例12
4-(4-羟基苯基)-1-苯并噻吩-7-甲醛肟
向5ml圆底烧瓶中添加4-(4-羟基苯基)-1-苯并噻吩-7-甲醛(42.0mg,0.165mmol)、盐酸羟胺(23mg,0.331mmol)和在MeOH(1.0ml)中的无水吡啶(0.027ml,0.331mmol),回流1.5小时后冷却。将该混合物用乙醚稀释,用水(2ml)洗涤,有机层用无水Na2SO4干燥,然后通过硅胶塞料。减压下浓缩得到38mg(85%)白色固体产物。进一步用柱色谱(30%EtOAc-己烷)纯化,得到22mg适合分析检验的产物:mp229.5-230.5℃;1H NMR(300MHz,DMSO-d6):δ6.92(2H,d,J=8.4Hz),7.41(3H,appt),7.49(1H,d,J=5.7Hz),7.59(1H,d,J=7.6Hz),7.85(1H,d,J=5.6Hz),8.49(1H,s),9.68(1H,s),11.62(1H,s);MS(ESI)m/z 268([M-H])
分析C15H11NO2S:
计算值:C:66.90 H:4.12 N:5.20
实测值:C:66.42 H:4.25 N:4.87.
实施例13
(2-溴-苯基硫烷基)-乙醛二甲基缩醛
向200ml烧瓶加入2-溴苯硫醇(10.0g,52.9mmol)、碳酸钾(8.05g,58.2mmol)和丙酮(85ml)。将该混合物搅拌15分钟并滴加溴乙醛二甲缩醛(6.8ml,58.2mmol)。使该反应进行3天,此后经过滤剂过滤并浓缩。色谱法(5%EtOAc/己烷-15%EtOAc/己烷)得到13.25g(90%)纯产物,其为黄色油:1H NMR(300MHz,DMSO-d6):δ3.20(2H,d,J=5.8Hz),3.30(6H,s),4.58(1H,t,J=5.8Hz),7.11(1H,m),7.40(2H,m),7.61(1H,d,J=8.0Hz);
分析C10H13BrO2S:
计算值:C:43.33 H:4.73
实测值:C:43.40 H:4.95
实施例14
7-溴-1-苯并噻吩
向500ml三颈烧瓶中加入15g的多磷酸(PPA),此后加入氯苯(250ml)。在将该混合物加热回流后,经另一漏斗在2.5小时内滴加(2-溴-苯基硫烷基)-乙醛二甲基缩醛(8.0g在60ml氯苯中,28.9mmol)并继续回流24小时。使该反应冷却后,经硅胶塞过滤并浓缩得到6.04g琥珀色油。通过柱色谱进一步纯化(100%己烷)得到5.47g(89%)产物,其为澄清油:1H NMR(300MHz,DMSO-d6):δ7.37(1H,t,J=7.8Hz),7.63(2H,m),7.90(1H,d,J=5.5Hz),7.94(1H,d,J=7.9Hz)。
分析C8H5BrS:
计算值:C:45.09 H:2.36
实测值:C:45.41 H:2.37
实施例15
7-(4-甲氧基苯基)-1-苯并噻吩
向50ml圆底烧瓶加入Pd2(dba)3(107mg,0.117mmol)、KF(2.25g,3.9mmol)、4-甲氧基苯基硼酸(2.14g,14.1mmol),并且向烧瓶吹入氮气。加入无水THF(25ml),随后将加入含在5ml THF中的7-溴-1-苯并噻吩(2.5g,11.73mmol),再加入P(Cy)3(100mg,0.352mmol)。室温下4小时后,观察不到产物。加热至60℃过夜得到约50%完成率。再加入2%Pd2(dba)3(215mg)、0.1当量硼酸(26mg)和THF后,该反应在2小时内完全。冷却该反应,用醚稀释,经硅胶塞过滤并浓缩得到3.33g琥珀色油。通过柱色谱纯化(填充:5%EtOAc/己烷-10%EtOAc/己烷)得到2.75g(97.5%)产物,其为浅黄色固体:mp74-75℃;1H NMR(300MHz,DMSO-d6):δ3.84(3H,s),7.11(2H,d,J=8.7Hz),7.37(1H,d,J=7.1Hz),7.48(1H,t,J=7.6Hz),7.54(1H,d,J=5.5Hz),7.67(2H,d,J=8.7Hz),7.79(1H,d,J=5.5Hz),7.86(1H,dd,J=7.4Hz,0.8Hz);MS(ESI)m/z239([M-H])。
分析C15H12OS:
计算值:C:74.97 H:5.03
实测值:C:74.54 H:4.86
实施例16
4-溴-7-(4-甲氧基苯基)-1-苯并噻吩
45分钟内向7-(4-甲氧基苯基)-1-苯并噻吩(500mg,2.08mmol)在CH2Cl2(15ml)中的-20℃溶液内加入Br2(8.33ml在CH2Cl2中的0.25M储备液,2.08mmol)。将该反应继续搅拌0.5小时,用水洗涤,用Na2SO4干燥,经过硅胶塞料并浓缩得到660mg(100%)的产物,其为黄色固体。通过在含3%EtOAc的己烷中重结晶进行进一步纯化:mp103-104℃;1H NMR(300MHz,DMSO-d6):δ3.84(3H,s),7.12(2H,d,J=8.7Hz),7.31(1H,d,J=7.9Hz),7.54(1H,d,J=5.6Hz),7.65(2H,d,J=8.7Hz),7.72(1H,d,J=7.9Hz),7.98(1H,d,J=5.6Hz)。
分析C15H11BrOS:
计算值:C:56.44 H:3.47
实测值:C:56.83 H:3.48
实施例17
7-(4-甲氧基苯基)-1-苯并噻吩-4-甲醛
向25ml圆底烧瓶中的无水THF(10ml)加入4-溴-7-(4-甲氧基苯基)-1-苯并噻吩(300mg,0.94mmol),使该溶液冷却至-100℃(N2,醚)。此后滴加BuLi(0.38ml在己烷中的2.5M,0.94mmol),将该溶液搅拌10分钟,此后在-100℃下一次性加入无水DMF(0.15ml,1.9mmol)。将该反应搅拌15分钟,随后用水(10ml)猝灭并用醚萃取。合并有机相,用无水Na2SO4干燥,并浓缩得到60mg(24%)产物,其为黄色固体。注意:该反应还可以在-80℃(CO2,醚)下进行得到定量收率的约60%预期的醛产物:mp98-99℃;1H NMR(300MHz,DMSO-d6):δ3.86(3H,s),7.16(2H,d,J=8.8Hz),7.64(1H,d,J=7.5Hz),7.75(2H,d,J=8.7Hz),8.13(1H,d,J=7.7Hz),8.15(1H,d,J=5.7Hz),8.39(1H,d,J=5.6Hz),10.30(1H,s);MS(ESI)m/z269([M+H]+)
分析C16H12O2S:
计算值:C:71.62 H:4.51
实测值:C:71.29 H:4.50
实施例18
7-(4-羟基苯基)-1-苯并噻吩-4-甲醛
向50ml圆底烧瓶的CH2Cl2(8.5ml)中加入7-(4-甲氧基苯基)-1-苯并噻吩-4-甲醛(420mg,1.57mmol),使该溶液冷却至-78℃。向该溶液滴加BBr3(3.14ml 1.0M在CH2Cl2中,3.13mmol),该反应变为深红色。使该反应升至室温,导致该反应变为深绿色,且通过TLC监测1小时内使反应完全。用水(15ml)猝灭该反应后,用醚萃取并合并有机层,用无水Na2SO4干燥并浓缩得到460mg(>95%)产物,其为略不纯的绿色固体。反相HPLC(含0.1%TFA的CH3CN/水)用于获得分析样品(120mg),其为浅黄色固体:mp202-204℃;1H NMR(300MHz,DMSO-d6):δ6.97(2H,d,J=8.5Hz),7.60(1H,d,J=7.6),7.64(2H,d,J=8.5Hz),8.10(1H,d,J=7.6Hz),8.14(1H,d,J=5.6Hz),8.38(1H,d,J=5.6Hz),9.92(1H,s),10.29(1H,s);MS(ESI)m/z253([M-H])。
分析C15H10O2S:
计算值:C:70.84 H:3.96
实测值:C:69.34 H:3.97
实施例19
7-(4-羟基苯基)-1-苯并噻吩-4-甲醛肟
向10ml圆底烧瓶中加入7-(4-羟基苯基)-1-苯并噻吩-4-甲醛(61.7mg,0.24mmol)、羟胺盐酸盐(34mg,0.49mmol)和无水吡啶(0.04ml,0.49mmol)的MeOH(1.5ml)溶液,将其加热回流1小时且随后冷却。该混合物用醚稀释,用水洗涤和该有机层用无水Na2SO4干燥,随后经过硅胶塞料。减压下浓缩得到60mg的浅黄色固体并通过柱色谱纯化(40%EtOAc-己烷)得到50mg(92%)产物,其为浅黄色固体:mp230-231℃;1H NMR(300MHz,DMSO-d6):δ6.93(2H,d,J=8.55Hz),7.38(1H,d,J=7.63),7.57(2H,d,J=8.53Hz),7.68(1H,d,J=7.71Hz),7.91(1H,d,J=5.61Hz),8.12(1H,d,J=5.64Hz),8.57(1H,s),9.77(1H,s),11.41(1H,s);MS(ESI)m/z270([M+H]+)。
分析C15H11NO2S
计算值:C:66.90 H:4.12 N:5.20
实测值:C:65.78 H:4.16 N:4.85。
实施例20
1-溴-2-(2,2-二甲氧基-乙氧基)-4-甲基苯
向无水乙醇(40ml)、乙醇钠(31.7ml 21%wt.,86.94mmol)和2-溴-5-甲基苯酚(Gewali,Mohan B.;Ronald,BruceP.J.Org.Chem.1980,45,2224-2229)(16.25g,86.94mmol)的溶液内加入2-溴-1,1-二甲氧基乙烷(16.17g,95.64mmol)。将该溶液加热回流过夜,真空下还原并在水和醚之间分配。该水层用醚萃取,且该有机层经过硅胶塞料和浓缩得到8.71g(36%)的所需产物,其为浅黄色油:1H NMR(400MHz,DMSO-d6):δ2.19(3H,s),3.33(6H,s),3.96(2H,d,J=5.1Hz),4.64(1H,t,J=5.1Hz),6.98(1H,d,J=8.5Hz),7.08(1H,dd,J=8.4Hz,1.5Hz),7.35(1H,d,J=1.7Hz)。
实施例21
7-溴-4-甲基苯并呋喃
向500ml圆底烧瓶中加入15.6g多磷酸(PPA)和无水氯苯(260ml)。将该混合物回流且在2小时内滴加含在氯苯(60ml)中的1-溴-2-(2,2-二甲氧基-乙氧基)-4-甲基苯(8.11g,29.5mmol)。将该反应加热回流3小时,冷却至室温,经过硅胶塞料并浓缩。柱色谱(100%己烷)得到4.67g(75%)的产物,其为白色蜡质固体:mp32-33℃;1HNMR(300MHz,DMSO-d6):δ2.46(3H,s),7.02(1H,d,J=7.9Hz),7.16(1H,d,J=2.2Hz),7.43(1H,d,J=7.9Hz),8.10(1H,d,J=2.2Hz);MS(EI)m/z 210([M+])。
分析C9H7BrO:
计算值:C:51.22 H:3.34
实测值:C:50.83 H:3.08
实施例22
7-(4-甲氧基苯基)-4-甲基苯并呋喃
将4-甲氧基苯基硼酸(1.51g,9.95mmol)、Na2CO3(10.66ml 2N水溶液,21.32mmol)、Pd(PPh3)4(0.411g,0.355mmol)、7-溴-4-甲基苯并呋喃(1.5g,7.11mmol)和乙二醇二甲醚(75ml)的混和物加热回流过夜。冷却该反应,用EtOAc稀释并分离层.该有机层用无水Na2SO4干燥,经过硅胶塞料并浓缩。柱色谱(10%EtOAc/己烷)得到1.59g(94%)产物,其为白色蜡质固体:mp39-40℃;1H NMR(300MHz,DMSO-d6):δ2.51(3H,s),7.07(2H,d,J=8.8Hz),7.08(1H,d,J=2.3Hz),7.13(1H,d,J=7.7Hz),7.37(IH,d,J=7.6Hz),7.79(2H,d,J=8.8Hz),8.04(1H,d,J=2.2Hz);MS(ESI)m/z239([M+H]+)。
分析C16H14O2:
计算值:C:80.65 H:5.92
实测值:C:80.89 H:5.85
实施例23
7-(4-甲氧基苯基)-苯并呋喃-4-甲醛
向7-(4-甲氧基苯基)-4-甲基苯并呋喃(1.27g,5.34mmol)在四氯化碳(150ml)中的溶液内加入NBS(1.05g,5.87mmol)和AIBN(50mg)。将该溶液回流2小时,冷却至室温,将该固体过滤。此后浓缩溶液,加入无水CH3CN(50ml)。此后加入苯亚硒酸钾(Syper,Ludwik;Mlochowski,Jacek Synthesis 1984,9,747-752)(1.33g,5.87mmol)和K2HPO4(0.93g,5.34mmol),将该反应加热回流1小时,随后冷却至室温。使该溶液经过硅胶塞料且该硅胶塞用30%EtOAc/己烷洗涤,此后高(hi)真空下抽提CH3CN。色谱法(100%CH2Cl2)撤去Ph2Se2副产物得到1.0g(75%)的产物,其为白色固体:mp143-144℃;1HNMR(300MHz,DMSO-d6):δ3.85(3H,s),7.15(2H,d,J=8.7Hz),7.57(1H,d,J=2.1Hz),7.75(1H,d,J=7.8Hz),7.96(3H,appt),8.33(1H,d,J=2.1Hz),8.04(1H,d,J=2.2Hz);MS(ESI)m/z253([M+H]+)。
分析C16H12O3:
计算值:C:76.18 H:4.79
实测值:C:75.71 H:4.96
实施例24
7-(4-羟基苯基)-苯并呋喃-4-甲醛
向25ml圆底烧瓶加入7-(4-甲氧基苯基)-苯并呋喃-4-甲醛(450mg,1.79mmol)在无水CH2Cl2(10ml)中的冷却至-78℃的溶液。此后滴加BBr3(3.57ml的1.0M,在CH2Cl2中,3.57mmol)。令该反应升至室温和搅拌1小时。该反应随后用水猝灭,用醚稀释,分离有机层且用无水Na2SO4干燥。该溶液经过硅胶塞料和浓缩。色谱法(1∶1EtOAc/己烷)得到390mg(92%)的产物,其为浅绿色固体:mp179-180℃;1HNMR(300MHz,DMSO-d6):δ6.96(2H,d,J=6.8Hz),7.56(1H,d,J=2.1Hz),7.71(1H,d,J=7.8Hz),7.84(2H,d,J=6.7Hz),7.95(1H,d,J=7.9Hz),8.31(1H,d,J=2.2Hz),9.93(1H,s)10.22(1H,s);MS(ESI)m/z 239([M+H]+)。
分析C15H10O3:
计算值:C:75.62 H:4.23
实测值:C:75.48 H:4.29
实施例25
7-(4-羟基苯基)-1-苯并呋喃-4-甲醛肟
向15ml圆底烧瓶加入7-(4-羟基苯基)-苯并呋喃-4-甲醛(250mg,1.05mmol)、羟胺盐酸盐(146mg,2.10mmol)、无水MeOH(6.5ml)和无水吡啶(0.17ml,2.10mmol)。随即密封该烧瓶并加热至68℃1小时,冷却至室温,用醚稀释,分离层。该醚层用水洗涤,用无水Na2SO4干燥,经过硅胶塞料,并浓缩得到250mg(94%)澄清产物,其为黄色固体。通过色谱进一步纯化(1∶1 EtOAc/己烷)用于分析检验:mp216-217℃;1H NMR(300MHz,DMSOd6):δ6.92(2H,d,J=8.7Hz),7.36(1H,d,J=2.1Hz),7.49(2H,app s),7.74(2H,d,J=8.6Hz),8.14(1H,d,J=2.1Hz),8.42(1H,s),9.73(1H,s)11.36(1H,s);MS(ESI)m/z 254([M+H]+)。
分析C15H11NO3:
计算值:C:71.14 H:4.38 N:5.53
实测值:C:70.53 H:4.32 N:5.40。
实施例26
4-甲氧基-4-甲基-联苯-3-酚
将4-甲氧基苯基硼酸(4.55g,21.38mmol)、Na2CO3(32.1ml 2N水溶液,64.2mmol)、Pd(PPh3)4(1.24g,1.07mmol)、5-碘-2-甲基苯酚(Hodgson,Moore J.Chem.Soc.1926,2038)(5.0g,21.38mmol)和乙二醇二甲醚(225ml)的混和物加热回流过夜。冷却该反应,用EtOAc稀释并分离层.该有机层用无水Na2SO4干燥,经过硅胶塞料并浓缩。色谱(30%EtOAc/己烷)法得到1.64g(36%)产物,其为白色固体和2g 4-甲氧基联苯,为不希望的副产物:mp146-147℃;1H NMR(300MHz,DMSO-d6):δ2.13(3H,s),3.78(3H,s),6.94(1H,dd,J=8.1Hz,2.7Hz),7.00(3H,m),7.09(1H,d,J=8.1Hz),7.48(1H,d,J=9.5Hz),9.36(1H,s)。
分析C14H14O2:
计算值:C:78.48 H:6.59
实测值:C:77.71 H:6.51
实施例27
3-(2,2-二甲氧基-乙氧基)-4’-甲氧基-4-甲基-联苯
向NaH(357mg(600mg 60%,在矿物油中,用己烷洗涤3X)14.86mmol)加入干燥THF(100ml)、4′-甲氧基-4-甲基-联苯-3-酚(1.59g,7.43mmol)和2-溴-1,1-二甲氧基乙烷(1.76g,10.40mmol)。该反应在60℃下搅拌过夜,冷却,经过硅胶塞料并浓缩得到1.66g(74%)的产物,其为白色固体:mp39-40℃;1H NMR(300MHz,DMSO-d6):δ2.17(3H,s),3.38(6H,s),3.79(3H,s),4.09(2H,d,J=5.2Hz),4.73(1H,t,J=5.2Hz),7.00(2H,d,J=8.8Hz),7.09(1H,dd,J=7.7Hz,1.5Hz),7.15(1H,d,J=1.2Hz),7.18(1H,d,J=7.8Hz),7.62(2H,d,J=8.8Hz);MS(ESI)m/z 303([M+H]+)。
分析C18H22O4:
计算值:C:71.50 H:7.33
实测值:C:71.46 H:7.04
实施例28
4-(4-甲氧基苯基)-7-甲基苯并呋喃
将多磷酸(约0.5g)和氯苯的混和物回流并滴加含在氯苯(12ml)中的3-(2,2-二甲氧基-乙氧基)-4′-甲氧基-4-甲基-联苯(1.61g,5.33mmol)。4小时后,冷却该反应,经过硅胶塞料(硅胶塞用醚洗涤)并浓缩得到1.26g(100%)的产物,其为浅棕色固体:mp40-41℃;1HNMR(300MHz,DMSO-d6):δ2.50(3H,s),3.82(3H,s),7.03(1H,d,J=2.2Hz),7.07(2H,d,J=9.5Hz),7.19(1H,d,J=8.1Hz),7.23(1H,d,J=8.1Hz),7.56(2H,d,J=9.5Hz),8.06(1H,d,J=2.2Hz)。
分析C16H14O2:
计算值:C:80.14 H:5.92
实测值:C:80.14 H:5.78
实施例29
4-(4-甲氧基苯基)-苯并呋喃-7-甲醛
向250ml圆底烧瓶加入4-(4-甲氧基苯基)-7-甲基苯并呋喃(600mg,2.52mmol)、CC14(70ml)、NBS(490mg,2.77mmol)和催化量的AIBN(25mg)。将该反应回流2小时,此后令该反应冷却,过滤出固体,浓缩溶液。加入CH3CN(30ml)、K2HPO4(440mg,2.53mmol)和苯亚硒酸钾(630mg,2.77mmol),该反应回流2小时,冷却该反应后,经过硅胶塞料(用30%EtOAc/己烷洗涤),浓缩得到810mg的橙色固体。通过色谱进一步纯化(100%CH2Cl2)得到500mg(78%)的产物,其为棕色固体:mp104-105℃;1H NMR(500MHz,DMSO-d6):δ3.85(3H,s),7.14(2H,d,J=8.8Hz),7.20(1H,d,J=2.2Hz),7.56(1H,d,J=8.0Hz),7.69(2H,d,J=8.8Hz),7.91(1H,d,J=7.7Hz),8.26(1H,d,J=2.2Hz),10.36(1H,s);HRMS(ESI+)m/z 253.08622([M+H]+)。
分析C16H12O3:
计算值:C:76.18 H:4.79
实测值:C:75.61 H:4.73
实施例30
4-(4-羟基苯基)-苯并呋喃-7-甲醛
向100ml圆底烧瓶加入4-(4-甲氧基苯基)-苯并呋喃-7-甲醛(480mg,1.90mmol)和CH2Cl2(12ml),并且使该溶液冷却至-78℃。此后滴加BBr3(3.8ml 1.0M在CH2Cl2中,3.8mmol)并且使该反应升至室温。1.5小时后,用水(15ml)猝灭该反应,用醚萃取(3x),经过硅胶塞料并浓缩得到160mg(35%)的产物,其为泡沫。色谱法(1∶1EtOAc∶己烷)得到分析样品:mp184-185℃;1H NMR(500MHz,DMSO-d6):δ6.96(2H,d,J=8.8Hz),7.20(1H,d,J=2.5Hz),7.52(1H,d,J=7.7Hz),7.58(2H,d,J=8.5Hz),7.89(1H,d,J=7.7Hz),8.24(1H,d,J=2.2Hz),9.84(1H,s),10.35(1H,s);HRMS(ESI+)m/z 239.07027([M+H]+)。
分析C15H10O3:
计算值:C:75.62 H:4.23
实测值:C:74.52 H:4.27
实施例31
4-(4-羟基苯基)-苯并呋喃-7-甲醛肟
向10ml圆底烧瓶中加入4-(4-羟基苯基)-苯并呋喃-7-甲醛(100mg,0.42mmol)、盐酸羟胺(58mg,0.84mmol)和无水吡啶(0.07ml,0.84mmol)的MeOH(3.5ml)溶液,将其回流1.5小时,随后冷却。该混合物此后用醚稀释,用水洗涤,有机层用无水Na2SO4干燥,进而经过硅胶塞料。减压下浓缩该溶液并通过柱色谱纯化(50%EtOAc-己烷)得到30mg(28%)的产物,其为浅黄色固体。分离4-(7-二甲氧基甲基苯并呋喃-4-基)-苯酚(60mg),其为不希望的副产物,在密封烧瓶内该副产物(60mg,0.212mmol)利用羟胺盐酸盐(15mg,0.212mmol),在MeOH(02ml)中加热至65℃过夜转化为所需化合物。该反应随后用醚/水稀释,该有机层经过硅胶塞料并浓缩得到40mg(75%)的产物,其为纯白色固体:mp219-220℃;1H NMR(300MHz,DMSO-d6):δ6.92(2H,d,J=8.6Hz),7.11(1H,d,J=2.2Hz),7.34(1H,d,J=7.8Hz),7.50(2H,d,J=8.6Hz),7.61(1H,J=7.9Hz),8.12(1H,d,J=2.2Hz),8.44(1H,s),9.72(1H,s),11.53(1H,s);MS(ESI)m/z 254([M+H]+)。
分析C15H11NO3:
计算值:C:71.14 H:4.38 N:5.53
实测值:C:71.07 H:4.41 N:5.51。
实施例32
1-(2,2-二甲氧基-乙氧基)-4-碘-2-甲基苯
向1L圆底烧瓶加入冷却至0℃的4-碘-2-甲基苯酚(10.0g,42.7mmol)的无水DMF(300ml)溶液。此后分小份缓慢加入NaH(3.42g 60%,在矿物油中,85.5mmol),使该反应升至室温(约0.5小时),然后加入2-溴-1,1-二甲氧基乙烷(10.1ml,85.5mmol),进而搅拌过夜。该反应冷却至0℃,缓慢加入5%NaOH(300ml),并且该混合物用醚稀释(1.5L)。分离层且水层用醚洗涤(3×500ml)。该有机层用无水Na2SO4干燥,经过硅胶塞料并减压下浓缩。色谱法(30%EtOAc/己烷)得到12.49(91%)产物,其为澄清油:1H NMR(300MHz,DMSO-d6):δ2.11(3H,s),3.35(6H,s),3.95(2H,d,J=5.2Hz),4.68(1H,t,J=5.2Hz),6.80(1H,d,J=8.5Hz),7.43-7.48(2H,m)。
分析C11H15IO3:
计算值:C:41.01 H:4.69
实测值:C:40.73 H:4.62
实施例33
5-碘-7-甲基-苯并呋喃
向1L三颈烧瓶加入PPA(2.0g)和无水氯苯(300ml),并且将该混合物回流。通过加液漏斗在2小时内缓慢加入含在氯苯(80ml)中的1-(2,2-二甲氧基-乙氧基)-4-碘-2-甲基苯(11.16g,34.66mmol)。该反应随后冷却和经过硅胶塞料(用氯苯洗涤)并浓缩得到产物和4-碘-2-甲基苯酚的混和物。柱色谱(100%己烷)得到4.49g(53%)产物,其为澄清油:1H NMR(300MHz,DMSO-d6):δ2.44(3H,s),6.91(1H,d,J=2.2Hz),7.46(1H,brs),7.86(1H,d,J=1.2Hz),8.00(1H,d,J=2.2Hz);MS(EI)m/z 258([M]+)。
分析C9H7IO:
计算值:C:41.89 H:2.73
实测值:C:41.46 H:2.63
实施例34
5-(4-甲氧基苯基)-7-甲基-苯并呋喃
将4-甲氧基苯基硼酸(4.64g,30.54mmol)、Na2CO3(31ml 2N水溶液,61.09mmol)、Pd(PPh3)4(0.88g,0.76mmol)、5-碘-7-甲基-苯并呋喃(3.94g,15.27mmol)和乙二醇二甲醚(160ml)的混和物回流1.5小时。冷却该反应,加入乙醚/水(1L/50ml)并分离层。水层进一步用醚萃取(2×500ml)。该有机层用无水Na2SO4干燥,经过硅胶塞料并浓缩得到6.54g褐色固体。通过1H NMR分析证实所需产物与4-甲氧基-联苯为约1∶1的比例(6.54g约3.69g产物,99%收率),它无法通过柱色谱分离而执行下一步。反相HPLC(CH3CN/水/0.1%TFA)得到分析样品,其为白色固体:mp82-83℃;1H NMR(300MHz,DMSO-d6):δ2.52(3H,s),3.80(3H,sX,6.97(1H,d,J=2.1Hz),7.12(2H,d,J8.7Hz),7.38(1H,s),7.60(2H,d,J=8.7Hz),7.66(1H,d,J=1.4Hz),8.01(1H,d,J=2.1Hz);MS(EI)m/z238([M]+)。
分析C16H14O2:
计算值:C:80.65 H:5.92
实测值:C:80.52 H:5.55
实施例35
5-(4-甲氧基-苯基)-苯并呋喃-7-甲醛
向5-(4-甲氧基苯基)-7-甲基-苯并呋喃(1.60g,2.83g与4-甲氧基-联苯为1∶1比例6.72mmol)在四氯化碳(190ml)中的溶液内加入NBS(1.32g,7.40mmol)和AIBN(50mg)。将该反应回流2小时,冷却至室温,过滤出该固体。随后浓缩该溶液且加入无水CH3CN(80ml)。此后加入苯亚硒酸钾(2.14g,9.41mmol)和K2HPO4(1.17g,6.72mmol),并且将该反应加热回流1小时,此后冷却至室温。该溶液在高真空下经过硅胶塞料并浓缩。色谱法(100%CH2Cl2)得到850mg(50%)产物,其为白色固体:mp94-95℃;1H NMR(300MHz,DMSO-d6):δ3.82(3H,s),7.08(2H,d,J=8.8Hz),7.14(1H,d,J=2.2Hz),7.71(2H,d,J=8.8Hz),8.10(1H,d,J=1.9Hz),8.21(1H,d,J=2.2Hz),8.25(1H,d,J=1.9Hz),10.37(1H,s);MS(ESI)m/z253([M+H]+)。
分析C16H12O3:
计算值:C:76.18 H:4.79
实测值:C:74.96 H:4.32
实施例36
5-(4-羟基苯基)-苯并呋喃-7-甲醛
向10ml圆底烧瓶加入5-(4-甲氧基苯基)-苯并呋喃-7-甲醛(100mg,0.395mmol)和吡啶盐酸盐(600mg,5.2mmol)。该混合物加热至195℃1小时,略冷却,此后加入水溶解剩余的吡啶盐酸盐。水溶液用EtOAc萃取,经过硅胶塞料,并浓缩。通过柱色谱进一步纯化得到76mg(81%)的产物,其为黄色固体:mp148-149℃1H NMR(400MHz,DMSO-d6):δ6.86(2H,d,J=8.7Hz),7.09(1H,d,J=2.2Hz),7.55(2H,d,J=8.6Hz),8.02(1H,d,J=1.8Hz),8.16(2H,appd),9.56(1H,s),10.32(1H,s);MS(ESI)m/z 237([M-H]-)。
分析C15H10O3:
计算值:C:75.62 H:4.23
实测值:C:74.88 H:4.08
实施例37
5-(4-羟基苯基)-1-苯并呋喃-7-甲醛肟
向10ml圆底烧瓶加入5-(4-羟基苯基)-苯并呋喃-7-甲醛(76mg,0.32mmol)、羟胺盐酸盐(44.4mg,0.64mmol)、无水MeOH(2ml)和无水吡啶(0.06ml,0.67mmol)。将该反应加热至68℃且反应进行5分钟。随后该反应冷却至室温,用醚稀释,分离层。该醚层用水洗涤,用无水Na2SO4干燥,经过硅胶塞料,并浓缩得到20mg(25%)的产物,其为黄色固体:1H NMR(300MHz,DMSO-d6):δ6.86(2H,d,J=8.5Hz),7.03(1H,d,J=2.1Hz),7.51(2H,d,J=8.5Hz),7.73(1H,d,J=1.4Hz),7.84(1H,d,J=1.6Hz),8.08(1H,d,J=2.1Hz),8.45(1H,s)9.56(1H,s),11.57(1H,s);MS(ESI)m/z254([M+H]+)。
分析C15H11NO3:
计算值:C:71.14 H:4.38 N:5.53
实测值:C:69.67 H:4.23 N:5.15。
实施例38
2-溴-1-(2,2-二甲氧基-乙氧基)-4-甲基苯
向2L圆底烧瓶加入冷却至0℃的2-溴-4-甲基苯酚(25g,133.66mmol)的无水DMF(940ml)溶液。分小份缓慢加入NaH(10.7g 60%,在矿物油中,267.3mmol),令该反应升至室温(约0.5h),随后加入2-溴-1,1-二甲氧基乙烷(31.6ml,267.4mmol)。使该反应升至室温3小时,此后升至100℃4小时。冷却该反应,经过硅胶塞,并浓缩。该褐色混和物用EtOAc稀释,再次经过硅胶塞料除去褐色固体并浓缩得到24.0g(65%)琥珀色油:1H NMR(300MHz,DMSO-d6):δ2.23(3H,s),3.37(6H,s),4.00(2H,d,J=5.2Hz),4.68(1H,t,J=5.2Hz),7.03(1H,d,J=8.4Hz),7.12(1H,dd,J=8.4Hz,1.7Hz),7.40(1H,d,J=1.7Hz)。
实施例39
7-溴-5-甲基苯并呋喃
向2L圆底烧瓶加入PPA(3g)、无水氯苯(1.0L)并且使该混合物回流,此后通过加液漏斗在2小时内缓慢加入含在氯苯(200ml)中的2-溴-1-(2,2-二甲氧基-乙氧基)-4-甲基苯(22.9g,83.3mmol)。该反应随后被冷却并经过硅胶塞(用氯苯洗涤),浓缩得到产物与4-碘-2-甲基苯酚的混和物。柱色谱(10%EtOAc/己烷)得到11.54g(66%)的产物,其为澄清油:1H NMR(300MHz,DMSO-d6):δ2.40(3H,s),7.02(1H,d,J=2.2Hz),7.39(1H,s),7.45(1H,s),8.07(1H,d,J=2.2Hz)。
分析C9H7BrO:
计算值:C:51.22 H:3.34
实测值:C:52.54 H:3.58
实施例40
7-(4-甲氧基苯基)-5-甲基-苯并呋喃
将4-甲氧基苯基硼酸(4.76g,31.3mmol)、Na2CO3(32.62N水溶液,65.2mmol)、Pd(PPh3)4(1.5g,1.3mmol)、7-溴-5-甲基苯并呋喃(5.5g,26.1mmol)和乙二醇二甲醚(275ml)的混和物加热回流12小时。冷却该反应,加入醚(500ml)且分离层。水层进一步用醚萃取且有机层用无水Na2SO4干燥,经过硅胶塞料并浓缩得到7.16g褐色油。通过柱色谱进一步纯化(10%EtOAc/己烷)得到5.62g(91%)产物,其为澄清油:1H NMR(300MHz,DMSO-d6):δ3.44(3H,s),3.82(3H,s),6.94(1H,d,J=2.2Hz),7.108(2H,d,J=8.8Hz),7.30(1H,s),7.38(1H,s),7.81(2H,d,J=8.8Hz),8.00(1H,d,J=2.2Hz)。
实施例41
7-(4-甲氧基苯基)-苯并呋喃-5-甲醛
向7-(4-甲氧基苯基)-5-甲基-苯并呋喃(4.66g,19.58mmol)在四氯化碳(560ml)中的溶液内加入NBS(3.83g,21.54mmol)和AIBN(75mg)。使该溶液回流4小时,冷却至室温,减半,过滤出固体。浓缩溶液得到黄色固体并加入无水CH3CN(230ml)。随后加入苯亚硒酸钾(5.34g,23.5mmol)和K2HPO4(4.09g,23.48mmol),使该反应回流1.5小时,此后升至室温。该溶液随后经过硅胶塞料并在高真空下浓缩。色谱(100%CH2Cl2)得到3.3g(67%)产物,其为浅橙色固体:mp79-80℃;1H NMR(300MHz,DMSO-d6):δ3.85(3H,s),7.13(2H,d,J=8.8Hz),7.23(1H,d,J=2.2Hz),7.88(2H,d,J=8.8Hz),8.02(1H,d,J=1.4Hz),8.23(2H,m),10.13(1H,s);MS(ESI)m/z253([M+H]+)。
分析C16H12O3:
计算值:C:76.18 H:4.79
实测值:C:75.44 H:4.85
实施例42
7-(4-羟基苯基)-苯并呋喃-5-甲醛
向10ml圆底烧瓶加入7-(4-甲氧基苯基)-苯并呋喃-5-甲醛(0.50g,1.98mmol)和吡啶盐酸盐(1.2g,5.2mmol)。将该混合物加热至190℃2小时,略冷却,此后加入水(10ml)溶解剩余的吡啶盐酸盐。水溶液用EtOAc(3X)萃取,经过硅胶塞料,并浓缩得到450mg(96%)的粗产物,其为浅黄色泡沫。该反应的粗产物与第二批次合并(1g规模的反应)并且通过柱色谱纯化(1∶1 EtOAc/己烷)得到760mg的产物,其为黄色固体:mp154-155℃;1H NMR(300MHz,DMSO-d6):δ6.95(2H,d,J=8.6Hz),7.21(1H,d,J=2.2Hz),7.76(2H,d,J=8.6Hz),7.98(1H,d,J=1.5Hz),8.19(1H,d,J=1.5Hz),8.22(1H,d,J=2.2Hz),9.81(1H,s),10.12(1H,s);MS(ESI)m/z 237([M-H]-)。
分析C15H10O3:
计算值:C:75.62 H:4.23
实测值:C:75.19 H:4.01
实施例43
7-(4-羟基苯基)-苯并呋喃-5-甲醛肟
向25ml圆底烧瓶加入7-(4-羟基苯基)-苯并呋喃-5-甲醛(400mg,1.68mmol)、羟胺盐酸盐(234mg,3.36mmol)、无水MeOH(10.4ml)和无水吡啶(0.272ml,3.36mmol)。将该反应随后加热至68℃且使该反应回流1小时。该反应随后冷却至室温,用醚稀释,分离层。该醚层用水洗涤,用无水Na2SO4干燥,经过硅胶塞料,并浓缩得到410mg(96%)产物,其为黄色固体。粗产物通过1H NMR纯化(检测到~4%顺式异构体)和LC-MS(单峰):mp192-194℃1H NMR(300MHz,DMSO-d6):δ6.92(2H,d,J=8.6Hz),7.05(1H,d,J=2.2Hz),7.69-7.72(3H,m),7.79(1H,d,J=1.4Hz),8.09(1H,d,J=1.1Hz),8.27(1H,s),9.74(1H,s),11.14(1H,s);MS(ESI)m/z254([M+H]+)。
分析C15H11NO3:
计算值:C:71.14 H:4.38 N:5.53
实测值:C:70.82 H:4.22 N:5.45。
实施例44
用本发明的代表实例来评估其与17β-雌二醇竞争ERα和ERβ两者的性能。该试验方法为人们提供了测定特定化合物是否结合雌激素受体(并且因此是“雌激素的”)和是否对ERα或ERβ具有选择性的方法。数值见下表和报告IC50。17β-雌二醇作为对比的标准参考物使用。所用方法简单描述如下。制备人ERα或ERβ的雌激素受体配体结构域(D,E,& F)的大肠杆菌表达粗溶胞产物。将受体和化合物稀释在补加1mMEDTA的1X Dulbecco′s PBS(DPBS)中。采用高结合屏蔽微量滴定平板,使100uL受体(1uG/孔)与2nM[3H]-17β-雌二醇和不同浓度的化合物结合。室温下5-15小时后,该平板用DPBS/1mM EDTA洗涤并通过液体闪烁计数法测定结合放射性。该IC50被定义为总17β-雌二醇结合作用降低至50%时的化合物浓度。所得结果如下表所述。
表.1-(4′-羟基苯基)-芳基-甲醛肟衍生物
在标准药理学实验方法中获得的结果证实,本发明的化合物是雌激素化合物,一些化合物对于ERβ受体具有强烈的优选亲和力。本发明的化合物从对ERβ具有比对ERα高的优选亲和力直至对两种的受体具有等同的亲和力。所以,本发明的化合物应至少部分基于其这样的受体亲和力选择性能而跨越一个活性范围。此外,由于各种新的受体配体复合物是独特的,因而其与多种共调节蛋白的相互作用也是独特的,本发明的化合物将依赖它们所处的细胞背景表现出不同的调控行为。譬如,在某些细胞类型中,化合物可以充当雌激素激动剂,而在其他组织内充当拮抗剂。具有这样活性的化合物有时被称作SERMs(选择性雌激素受体调制剂)。然而,与许多雌激素不同,多种SERMs不会使子宫湿重增加。这些化合物在子宫内是抗雌激素的,并且可以完全拮抗雌激素激动剂在子宫组织中的营养作用。然而,这些化合物在骨骼、心血管和中枢神经系统中成为雌激素激动剂。这归因于这些化合物的自然组织选择性本质,它们能有效治疗或预防哺乳动物由雌激素缺乏(在某些组织如骨骼或心血管中)或雌激素过量(在子宫或乳腺中)引起或与之有关的疾病状态或综合症。
除上述细胞特异性调控作用以外,本发明的化合物还具有成为一种受体型的激动剂而对另一种受体型是拮抗剂的潜在性。譬如,已经证实所述的化合物可以是ERβ的拮抗剂,同时是ERα的激动剂(Meyers,Marvin J.;Sun,Jun;Carlson,Kathryn E.;Katzenellenbogen,BenitaS.;Katzenellenbogen,John A..J.Med.Chem.(1999),42(13),2456-2468)。此类ERSAA(雌激素受体选择性激动剂拮抗剂)的活性用于在药理学上区分这个系列的化合物中的雌激素活性。
标准药理学实验方法很容易用来测定指定试验化合物的活性性能。下列实施例简单概括了数种代表性试验方法。用于SERMs的标准药理学实验方法公开在美国专利4,418,068和5,998,402。
实施例45
大鼠子宫营养/抗子宫营养试验方法
可以在未成熟大鼠子宫营养实验(4天)中测定所述化合物的雌激素和抗雌激素性质(该实验早已由L.J.Black和R.L.Goode公开在《生命科学》(Life Sciences),26,1453(1980)中)。未成熟SpragueDawley大鼠(雌性,18天龄)分6组测试。动物通过每天腹腔注射10uG化合物、100uG化合物(100uG化合物+1uG17β-雌二醇)进行处理以检查抗雌激素特性,用1uG 17β-雌二醇与50%DMSO/50%盐水作注射载体。在第4天,通过CO2窒息法处死动物且摘取子宫和剥离过量脂质,除去所有流体并测定湿重。取一个洞角的一小部分作组织学分析,并且剩余物用来分离全RNA,从而评估补体成分的3基因表达。
实施例46
6周的卵巢切除的大鼠试验方法-骨骼和心脏保护作用
从Taconic Farm获得手术后1天的卵巢切除(ovx)或假性卵巢切除(sham ovx)的雌性Sprague Dawley CD大鼠(体重范围240-275g)。将它们3或4只鼠/笼圈养在室内,时间为12小时/12小时(光照/黑暗)并且随意供给食物(Purina 5K96C大鼠饲料)和水。在所有研究中动物在到达后第1天开始进行处理且每周给药7天共6周。在各研究中一组年龄匹配的假性手术大鼠不接受任何处理,它们用作完整、雌激素饱满的对照组。
所有处理液是在含1%吐温80的普通盐水中配制成预定浓度,处理液用量为0.1mL/100g体重。将17β-雌二醇溶解在玉米油(20μg/mL)中且皮下给药,0.1mL/只鼠。所有剂量以三周间隔、根据组的平均体重测量进行调整。
处理开始后5周和研究结束前1周时,评估各大鼠的骨矿物质密度(BMD)。用XCT-960M(pQCT;Stratec Medizintechnik,Pforzheim,Germany)评估麻醉大鼠的胫骨近端总密度和骨小梁密度。按照下列方法进行测量:扫描之前15分钟时,腹膜内注射45mg/kg氯胺酮、8.5mg/kg噻拉嗪和1.5mg/kg乙酰丙嗪麻醉大鼠。
使右后爪穿过直径为25mm的聚碳酸酯管,且将踝关节以90°和膝关节以180°轻扣在丙烯酸框架上。该聚碳酸酯管被固定到滑动平台上,使其保持在垂直于pQCT的穿孔。调整该平台使股骨的远端和胫骨的近端处于扫描区域内。进行长度为10mm和线分辨率为0.2mm的二维跟踪检查。在监测器上显示跟踪视图之后,定位在胫骨的近端。从距离该点3.4mm处开始pQCT扫描。该pQCT扫描为1mm厚,具有0.140mm大小的立体图层(三维象素),并且由穿过切片的145个投影组成。
该pQCT扫描完成后,图像显示在监测器上。描绘包括胫骨但排除腓骨的感兴趣区域。利用迭代法自动除去软组织。剩余骨骼的密度(总密度)以mg/cm3报告。以同心圆螺旋方式剥离骨骼外部55%的皮。剩余骨骼的密度(骨小梁密度)以mg/cm3报告。BMD评估一周以后,大鼠用二氧化碳窒息法安乐死且收集血液用于胆固醇测定。取出子宫且测定重量。总胆固醇通过使用胆固醇/HP装备的Boehringer-Mannheim日立分析仪测定。利用Dunnet试验采用单因素方差分析进行统计对比。
实施例47
MCF-7/ERE抗增殖试验方法
在DMSO中制备试验化合物的储备液(通常为0.1M),随后用DMSO稀释10-100倍制成1或10mM的工作溶液。把该DMSO储备液储存在4℃(0.1M)或-20℃(<0.1M)中。用生长培养基使MCF-7细胞在1周内传代2次[D-MEM/F-12培养基,其中含有10%(v/v)热灭活胎牛血清,1%(v/v)青霉素-链霉素,和2mM glutaMax-1]。该细胞保持在排气烧瓶内,该烧瓶被置于内部为37℃的5%CO2/95%加湿空气恒温箱内。处理前1天,将该细胞与生长培养基一起以25,000/孔铺板在96孔平板中并在37℃下温育过夜。
该细胞在37℃下用50μl/孔的在试验培养基[无酚红D-MEM/F-12培养基,其中含有10%(v/v)热灭活炭提胎牛血清,1%(v/v)青霉素-链霉素,2mM glutaMax-1,1mM丙酮酸钠]中的1∶10稀释腺病毒5-ERE-tk-虫荧光素酶感染2小时。随后该孔用150uλ的试验培养基洗涤1次。最后,该细胞在37℃下使用具有150uλ/孔载体(<0.1%v/v DMSO)的8孔/处理的重复试样或使用经试验培养基稀释≥1000倍的化合物处理24小时。
试验化合物的初步筛选是以单一剂量的1μM完成,其单独(激动模式)或与0.1nM 17β-雌二醇(EC80;拮抗模式)组合进行实验。各96孔平板还包括一个载体对照组(0.1%v/v DMSO)和一个激动剂对照组(或0.1或1nM17β-雌二醇)。剂量-反应试验采取激动模式和/或拮抗模式,以从10-14至10-5M的对数(log)增量实施。根据这些剂量-反应曲线,分别得到EC50和IC50值。各处理组的终孔含有5ul的3×10-5MICI-182,780(10-6M终浓度)作为ER激动剂对照。
处理之后,该细胞在摇动器上用25μl/孔的1X细胞培养溶解试剂(Promega Corporation)溶解15分钟。把该细胞溶解产物(20μl)转移到96孔发光计平板上,并且在使用100μl/孔的虫荧光素酶底物(Promega Corporation)的MicroLumat LB 96P发光计(EG & GBerthold)中测定虫荧光素酶活性。在注射底物之前,对各孔进行1秒背景测量。注射底物后,经1秒延迟测定10秒虫荧光素酶活性。将该数据从发光计中转移到Macintosh个人电脑中且用JMP软件(SASInstitute)分析;该程序减去从各孔虫荧素酶测量所读取的背景,并且随后测定各处理的平均和标准偏差。
虫荧光素酶数据采用对数进行转换,并且用Huber M估计器向下加权(down-weight)被外偏转换(outlying transformed)的观察结果。JMP软件用来为单因素ANOVA(Dunnett试验)分析转换和加权数据。化合物处理与激动模式中载体的对照结果比较,或者与拮抗模式中阳性激动剂对照结果(0.1nM 17β-雌二醇)比较。对于初始单剂量试验,如果化合物处理的结果明显不同于适当的对照结果(p<0.05),则该结果报告为相对于17β-雌二醇对照计的百分比[即,((化合物-载体对照)/(17β-雌二醇对照-载体对照))×100]。JMP软件还用于从非线性剂量-反应曲线测定EC50和/或IC50值。
实施例48
LDL氧化作用的抑制-抗氧化活性
猪主动脉得自屠宰场,洗涤,转移到冷冻的PBS中,并且收获主动脉内皮细胞。为了收获该细胞,束结出主动脉的脉间管且夹住主动脉的一端。将新鲜的、灭菌过滤的0.2%胶原酶(Sigma TypeI)置于脉管中并将脉管的另一端夹住形成封闭体系。主动脉在37℃下温育15-20分钟,此后收集胶原酶溶液并在2000xg下离心5分钟。将各沉淀团悬浮在7mL的内皮细胞培养基中,该培养基由填加炭提FBS(5%)、NuSerum(5%)、L-谷酰胺(4mM)、青霉素-链霉素(1000U/ml,100,μg/ml)和庆大霉素(75μg/ml)的无酚红DMEM/Ham′s F12培养基组成,将其接种在100mm培养皿内并在37℃和5%CO2下温育。20分钟后,该细胞用PBS洗涤且加入新鲜培养基,在24小时重复该操作。细胞在约1周后融合。按惯例每周加入2次内皮细胞,并且当融合时,使受胰蛋白酶作用且以1∶7比例接种。12.5μg/mL LDL的细胞介导的氧化作用是在被评估化合物(5μM)的存在下在37℃下进行4小时。结果表示为通过TBARS(硫代巴比妥酸反应物质)方法测定的对氧化过程的抑制百分率,该方法用来分析游离的醛类化合物(Yagi K.,Biochem Med 15:212-216(1976))。
实施例49
D12下丘脑细胞试验方法
从RCF17母体细胞系次级克隆D12大鼠下丘脑细胞并冷冻储存。它们一般在DMEM∶F12(1∶1)、glutaMAX-1(2mM)、青霉素(100U/ml)-链霉素(100mg/ml)和10%胎牛血清(FBS)中生长。将该细胞在含有2-10%炭提FBS的无酚红培养基(DMEM∶F12,glutaMAX,青霉素-链霉素)中以次级融合密度(1-4×106细胞/150mm皿)铺板。24小时后向该细胞再次加入含有2%抽提血清的培养基。对于激动活性的试验,细胞用10nM 17β-雌二醇或不同剂量的试验化合物(1mM或1 pM-1mM的范围)处理。对于拮抗活性的试验,该细胞用0.1nM 17β-雌二醇在存在或不存在不同剂量(100pM-1mM)试验化合物的条件下处理。对照皿也用DMSO处理作为阴性对照。加入激素后48小时,实施细胞溶解和结合试验过程。
对于各结合试验过程,将100-150mg蛋白质与10nM3H-R5020+100倍过量的R5020在150ml体积中温育。在96孔平板中准备一式三份反应(三个反应存在R5020,三个反应不存在R5020)。首先加入蛋白质提取物,随后加入3H-R5020或3H-R5020+100x未标记R5020。该反应在室温下进行1-2小时。通过加入100ml在TE pH7.4中的冷5%炭(Norit SX-4)、0.5%葡聚糖69K(Pharmacia)终止该反应。室温下5分钟后,通过离心分离(5分钟,1000RCF,4℃)结合和未结合的配体。取出上清液(-150ml)且转移到闪烁瓶内。此后加入闪烁液(BeckmanReady Protein+),在闪烁计数器中计数样本1分钟。
实施例50
CNS视前区中的孕酮受体
将六十(60)天龄雌性Sprague-Dawley大鼠切除卵巢。把该动物圈养在动物养护设备中同时采取12小时光照、12小时黑暗的光周期,同时该动物随意获得自来水和鼠科饲料。
将卵巢切除的动物随机分组,这些组被注射载体(50%DMSO,40%PBS,10%乙醇载体)、17β-雌二醇(200ng/kg)或被试验的化合物。其他动物在注射试验化合物之前1小时注射17β-雌二醇,以评估这种化合物的拮抗性质。皮下注射后6小时,用致死剂量的CO2处死动物并收集和冷冻它们的脑部。
在-16℃的低温恒温器上切取从动物收集的组织并收集在硅烷涂层的显微镜玻片上。封固有切片的玻片随后在保持42℃的玻片加热器上干燥并储存在-80℃的去湿玻片箱内。加工之前,令去湿玻片箱缓慢升至室温(-20℃下12-16小时;4℃下2小时;室温下1小时)从而消除玻片上的凝聚形成,并且由此减少组织和RNA降解。干燥玻片负载在金属固定架上,此后在4%低聚甲醛(pH9.0)中固定5分钟并按照上述方法处理。
使含有大鼠PRcDNA 9的815bp片段(配体结合结构域)的质粒线性化并用来产生S 35-UTP标记探针,它与一部分的大鼠PRmRNA互补。加工有固定切片的玻片与200ml的杂交混和物杂交并在55℃加湿房内温育过夜,该杂交混和物含有核探针(4-6×106DPM/玻片)和50%甲酰胺。清晨,将玻片置于浸渍在2xSSC(0.15MNaCl,0.015M柠檬酸钠;pH7.0)/10mM DTT中的金属框架上。将框架全部转移到大容器中并用2xSSC/10mM DTT在RT下洗涤15分钟同时轻轻搅拌。此后玻片用RNase缓冲液在37℃下洗涤30分钟,37℃下用RNase A(20mg/ml)处理30分钟,并且在室温下1X SSC洗涤15分钟。此后,玻片在65℃下用0.1X SSC洗涤(2×30分钟)以便除去非特异性标记,室温下0.1X SSC漂洗15分钟和用梯度系列的醇∶醋酸铵(70%,95%,和100%)脱水。将空气干燥的玻片置于X射线膜对面达3天,随后照像处理。将来自所有动物的玻片一起进行杂交,洗涤,暴光和照像处理以消除试验中条件变化导致的差异。
实施例51
大鼠热潮红-CNS效应
手术后得到卵巢切除的雌性、60天龄的Sprague-Dawley大鼠。手术至少在第一次处理之前8天实施。将动物在12小时光照/黑暗周期下分别圈养且随意给予标准大鼠饲料和水。
在每个研究中包括两个对照组。剂量是基于mg/kg平均组体重,在含10%DMSO的芝麻油(皮下试验)中或在含1.0%吐温80的盐水(口服试验)中制备。以0.01-10mg/kg平均组体重范围的剂量给动物施用试验化合物。各试验中包括载体和炔雌醇(EE)对照(0.1mg/kg,皮下或0.3mg/kg,口服)的对照组。当测试化合物的拮抗活性时,皮下研究或口服注射研究中EE分别以0.1或0.3mg/kg联合给药。施用该试验化合物最迟至测定尾皮肤温度的当天。
4天的适应期后,每天用感兴趣的化合物处理1次动物。它们是10只动物/处理组。化合物的施用通过向颈背中皮下注射0.1ml或口服0.5ml体积。处理第3天,皮下植入吗啡小丸(75mg硫酸吗啡)。处理的第5天,植入1或2个附加吗啡小丸。第8天,给约半数的动物注射氯胺酮(80mg/kg,肌肉内)并将与MacLab数据采集系统(APIInsturments,Milord,MA)连接的热电偶轻扣在距尾根约1英寸的尾部。该系统能够连续测量尾部皮肤温度。测量15分钟基线温度,此后皮下施用纳洛酮(1.0mg/kg)(0.2ml)以阻断吗啡的作用并在此后1小时时测定尾部皮肤温度。第9天,给余下的动物安装装置并按照类似方法分析。
实施例52
隔离大鼠主动脉环的血管舒缩功能
将Sprage-Dawley大鼠(240-260g)分为4组:
1.正常非卵巢切除(完整)组
2.卵巢切除(ovex)且用载体处理的组
3.卵巢切除且用17β-雌二醇处理(1mg/kg/天)的组
4.卵巢切除且用试验化合物处理组(即,1mg/kg/天)
动物是在处理之前约3周被切除卵巢。各动物通过胃饲管接受1mg/kg/天的悬浮于含1%吐温-80的蒸馏去离子水中的硫酸17β-硫酸雌二醇或试验化合物。载体处理的动物接受适当体积的药物处理组中所用的载体。
通过吸入CO2安乐死和放血法处死动物。迅速取出其胸廓主动脉且置于37℃生理溶液中,该溶液含有下列组合物(mM):NaCl(54.7),KCl(5.0),NaHCO3(25.0),MgCl2 2H2O(2.5),D-葡萄糖(11.8)和CaCl2(0.2),向该溶液中吹入气体CO2-O2,95%/5%,最终pH为7.4。除去外表面的外膜并将血管切为2-3mm宽的环。将环悬浮在10mL组织浴内,一端连接在浴池的底部,而另一端连接应力传感器。将1克的静止张力施加在该环上。令其环平衡1小时,获得信号并分析。
平衡之后,暴露环以增加去氧肾上腺素的浓度(10-8-10-4M)并且记录张力。随后用新鲜缓冲液漂洗浴池3次。冲刷后,向该组织浴中加入200mM L-NAME且平衡30分钟。此后重复去氧肾上腺素浓度反应曲线。
实施例53
八臂辐射状迷宫-认知增强作用
使用抵达时重量为200-250g的雄性Sprague-Dawley、CD大鼠(Charles River,Kingston,NY)。1周内,圈养大鼠,每笼6只,它们随意获取标准实验饲料和水。笼养在室内,该室保持在22℃且具有12小时光照/黑暗周期且光照在6:00AM开始。习惯该设施后,将动物单独笼养且保持在自由进食体重的85%。一旦达到稳定体重,令大鼠适应8臂辐射状迷宫。
迷宫的结构是改自Peele和Baron(《药理学、生物化学与作用》(Pharmacology,Biochemistry,and Behavior),29:143-150,1988)。该迷宫高度升至75.5cm且由圆形区域组成,该圆形区域周围是自中心向外辐射的8个臂,各臂彼此等距离。每个臂58cm长×13cm高。每次任务开始之前用透明有机玻璃圆柱体隔挡,以将动物圈在迷宫的中央部分。迷宫的每个臂安装有三套与数据采集单元接口的光电池,该数据采集单元随后与计算机相连。光电池用来追踪大鼠在迷宫中的运动。丸粒喂食器位于各臂末端处饲料杯上方,在指定任务中臂的外部光电场被第一次激活时分发两个45mg的巧克力粒。迷宫位于实验室中并有黑白几何图形张贴在各墙壁上以起到视觉提示的作用。在所有训练和试验过程中,可听见白噪音(~70db)。
训练过程由5个阶段组成,各阶段每天任务持续5或10分钟。在将大鼠置于迷宫的中央部位和取出圆柱体开始任务之间插入10秒的时间延迟。第I阶段中,将成对的限食大鼠置于迷宫上10分钟并将45mg巧克力食物粒撒在迷宫的全部8个臂。第II阶段,将各大鼠分别置于迷宫上长达10分钟的周期,并且将食物粒自中间的光电池撒播到各臂的食物杯。第III阶段中,将各大鼠置于迷宫上长达10分钟的周期,并且将食物粒仅仅定位在各臂的食物杯中及其四周。第IV阶段中,允许各大鼠在10分钟内从各臂收集2个食物粒。重复进入到一个臂内被视为一次错误。以这种方式每天训练大鼠直至它们获得判断表现并且在连续3天的训练中全部错误小于或等于2。全部习惯和训练的时间约为3周。
试验化合物在磷酸盐缓冲盐水中制备并给予1ml/kg的体积。氢溴酸东莨菪碱(0.3mg/kg皮下)充当损害试剂,导致错误率增高(记忆的丧失)。在指定试验的当天首次暴露迷宫之前30分钟,试验化合物经腹膜内与东莨菪碱同时给药。
为了评估试验化合物,设计一个重复测量的8×8平衡拉丁方,从而用最少量的动物获得高的试验效率。进行8次试验任务,每周2次,并且各任务中随机分成8个处理组(载体,东莨菪碱,3个剂量的试验化合物与东莨菪碱组合)。各处理与其他每个处理的时间相同。所以,每次处理的剩余作用可以进行评价并从直接处理效应中去除。根据ANOVA,采用调整方式的Dunnett双侧试验进行多重比较。
在首次暴露过程中的5分钟内无法完成4次正确选择的动物,或者在第2次暴露结束时无法完成共8次选择的动物,被视为″超时″该任务。任何给予一个以上剂量的试验化合物后″超时″的动物被排除在分析之外。
实施例54
神经保护作用
对初级皮质神经元培养物中细胞的时间依赖性死亡的抑制
利用Monyer等1989年在《脑研究》(Brain Research)483:347-354中所述方法的改进方案,从0-1天龄的大鼠脑部制备初级皮质神经元。使分散的脑部组织在DMEM/10%PDHS(妊娠供体马血清)中生长3天且随后用阿糖胞苷(ARC)处理2天除去污染的神经胶质细胞。第5天,除去ARC培养物并置于DMEM/10%PDHS中。使用之前进一步将神经元细胞培养4-7天。
对照初级神经元培养证实,培养物中第12-18天之间出现进行性细胞死亡。在第9天将试验化合物加入到保存在DMEM和10%PDHS中的6种培养物中,并保持其余培养物作为对照组,然后在第12和16天时对12种培养物进行乳酸脱氢酶(LD)水平的评估。利用Wroblewski等1955年在Proc.Soc.Exp.Biol.Med.90:210-213中所述方法的改进方案测试LD。LD是胞质酶,它在临床和基础研究中一般用于测定组织生存力。培养基LD的增加直接与细胞死亡有关。
对由低血糖引发的细胞毒性的神经保护作用
将得自ATCC的C6神经胶质瘤细胞铺板在含有FBS的RPMI培养基中,且在FALCON 25cm2组织培养瓶中的浓度为1×10<6>细胞/ml。低血糖发作之前4小时,抛弃维持培养基,将单层在适当培养基中洗涤2次,随后在37℃下在无血清或无血清填加的试验化合物的条件下培养4小时。在添加适当葡萄糖处理之前用Kreb′s Ringer磷酸盐缓冲液洗涤2次。RPMI培养基含有2mg葡萄糖/ml,烧瓶分为6组,每组分别接受100%葡萄糖(2mg/ml)、80%葡萄糖(1.6mg/ml)、60%葡萄糖(1.2mg/ml)或0%葡萄糖(缓冲液)或补充试验化合物。将所有烧瓶温育20小时,随后用台盼蓝评估总的、活的和死亡的细胞数目。
对抗兴奋毒性氨基酸的神经保护作用
将5个含有SK-N-SH成神经细胞瘤细胞的培养皿用试验化合物处理,并且取5个培养皿用RPMI培养基处理。4小时后,所有细胞用NMDA(500mu M)处理5分钟。随后测定总的活细胞和死亡细胞。
对抗缺氧无糖损伤的神经保护作用
分析固缩核测定细胞凋亡:皮质神经炎是从E18大鼠胎儿制备且铺板在8孔室玻片上,该玻片用聚-D-赖氨酸(10ng/ml)和血清预涂层,铺板密度为100,000细胞/孔。将细胞铺板在含有10%FCS的高葡萄糖DMEM中并保持在37℃和10%CO2/90%空气的恒温箱中。次日,用填加有B27的含高葡萄糖DMEM的培养基更新除去血清,且使细胞保持在恒温箱内,无需进一步更换培养基直至试验当天。第6天,将玻片分为两组;对照组和OGD组。对照组中的细胞接受含葡萄糖和定制B27的DMEM(无抗氧剂)。OGD组中的细胞接受含定制B27的非葡萄糖DMEM,细胞已经在真空下脱气15分钟。在气密室内向细胞吹入90%N2/10%CO210分钟且在37℃下培养6小时。6小时后,对照和OGD细胞均用在含有定制B27的DMEM的的葡萄糖中含载体(DMSO)或试验化合物的培养基更换。使细胞返回到37℃的含氧量正常的恒温箱内。24小时后,4℃下使细胞在4%PFA中固定10分钟且用Topro(荧光核结合染料)染色。用激光扫描细胞计数器通过测定固缩核来评价细胞凋亡。
作为细胞死亡指征的LDH释放的测定:皮质神经炎是从E18大鼠胎儿制备且铺板在48孔培养平板上,该平板用聚-D-赖氨酸(10ng/ml)和血清预涂层,铺板的密度为150,000细胞/孔。将细胞铺板在含有10%FCS的高葡萄糖DMEM中并保持在37℃和10%CO2/90%空气的恒温箱中。次日,用含B27填加剂的高葡萄糖DMEM培养基更新除去血清。第6天,将细胞分为2组;对照组和OGD组。对照组中的细胞接受含葡萄糖和定制B27的DMEM(无抗氧剂)。OGD组中的细胞接受含定制B27的非葡萄糖DMEM,细胞已经在真空下脱气15分钟。在气密室内向细胞吹入90%N2/10%CO210分钟且在37℃下培养6小时。6小时后,对照和OGD细胞均用在含定制B27的DMEM的葡萄糖中含载体(DMSO)或试验化合物的培养基更换。使细胞返回到37℃的含氧量正常的恒温箱内。24小时后,通过测定细胞向细胞培养基中释放的LDH(乳酸脱氢酶)来评价细胞死亡。对于LDH试验,将一整份的50μl培养基转移到96孔平板中。加入140μl 1M磷酸钾缓冲液(pH7.5)和100μl 0.2mg/ml NADH之后,把平板置于黑暗中室温下20分钟。通过加入10μl的丙酮酸钠引发该反应。在340nM下用Thermomax平板读数器(Molecular Devices)立刻读取平板。吸光度是NADH的一个指数,每6秒记录吸光度共5分钟,表示NADH消失率的斜率常用来计算LDH活性。
LDH活性(U/ml)=(ΔA/min)(TCF)(20)(0.0833)/(.78)
其中:0.0833=比例常数
0.78=仪器光程长度(cm)
实施例55
HLA大鼠试验方法-克罗恩病和炎性肠病
雄性HLA-B27大鼠得自Taconic且不受限制地获得食物(PMI实验室饲料5001)和水。研究开始时,大鼠为22-26周龄。
每天给大鼠皮下施用一个下面所列的制剂共7天。每组中有5只大鼠且在安乐死之前2小时给予末次剂量。
·载体(50%DMSO/50%Dulbecco氏PBS)
·17α-乙炔基-17β-雌二醇(10μg/kg)
·试验化合物
每天观察粪便质量并按照下列等级分级:腹泻=3;软便=2;正常粪便=1。在试验过程结束时,收集血清并储存在-70℃。准备一部分的结肠用于组织学分析,其他节段用于分析髓过氧化物酶活性。
采用下面的方法测定髓过氧化物酶活性。收获结肠组织并快速冷冻在液氮中。使用全结肠的代表性样本以确保样本之间的一致性。将组织储存在-80℃下直至使用为止。此后,称量组织的重量(约500mg)并将其在1∶15w/v的5mM H2KPO4(pH6)洗涤缓冲液中匀浆。该组织在20,000xg和2-8℃下用Sorvall RC 5B离心45分钟使其沉降。随后弃去上清液。把组织重新悬浮并用2.5ml(1∶5w/v)的50mM H2KPO4和10mM EDTA和0.5%Hex溴化铵匀浆以协助溶解细胞内的MPO。将组织冷冻在液氮中,在37℃水浴中融化并超声15秒以确保膜溶解。该过程被重复3次。随后将样本在冰上保持20分钟且在12,000xg和2-8℃下离心15分钟。按照这些步骤分析上清液。
试验混和物是通过向反应管中加入2.9ml的50mM H2KPO4和0.167含0.0005%H2O2的邻联茴香胺(O-Dianisidine)/ml制成。当过氧化氢降解时,邻联茴香胺(O-Dianisidine)被氧化且在460nm下以浓度依赖方式吸收。加热该混和物至25℃。将100(100)μL的组织上清液加入到该反应管内,在25℃下培养1分钟,此后取1ml转移到一次性塑料比色杯内。在460nm下相对于空白样每2分钟反应时间测定OD,该空白样含有2.9ml反应化合物和100μl的0.5%溴化铵溶液。
通过对比在460nm下的吸光度和由纯化的人MPO 31.1单位/瓶绘制的标准曲线,定量分析酶活性。将MPO重构并用含10mM EDTA和0.5%Hex溴化铵的50mM H2KPO4连续稀释至四个已知浓度。相对于该曲线,对比样本的吸光度以判断活性。
组织学分析按照下列方法进行。将结肠组织浸渍在10%中性缓冲福尔马林中。将各结肠标本分为4个评估样本。福尔马林固定的组织在真空渗滤处理器中加工以便石蜡包埋。将样本切片为5μm且随后用苏木精伊红(H&E)染色,以便采用Boughton-Smith之后等级改进的盲法组织评估。分级完毕之后,揭晓样本,将数据制表且利用具有多重平均比较的ANOVA线性模型进行分析。
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Claims (13)
2.权利要求1的化合物,其中R1是氟。
3.权利要求1的化合物,它是下列之一:
(a)4-(4-羟基苯基)-1-萘甲醛肟;
(b)4-(3-氟-4-羟基苯基)-萘-1-甲醛肟;
(c)4-(4-羟基苯基)-1-苯并噻吩-7-甲醛肟;
(d)7-(4-羟基苯基)-1-苯并噻吩-4-甲醛肟;
(e)7-(4-羟基苯基)-1-苯并呋喃-4-甲醛肟;
(f)4-(4-羟基苯基)-苯并呋喃-7-甲醛肟;
(g)5-(4-羟基苯基)-1-苯并呋喃-7-甲醛肟;或
(h)7-(4-羟基苯基)-苯并呋喃-5-甲醛肟。
4.一种药物组合物,其中含有权利要求1-3中任一项的式(I)化合物或其药学可接受盐以及药学可接受载体。
5.权利要求1-3中任一项的式(I)化合物或其药学可接受盐在制备抑制哺乳动物骨质疏松症的药物中的用途。
6.权利要求1-3中任一项的式(I)的化合物或其药学可接受盐在制备抑制哺乳动物的骨关节炎、低血钙、高血钙、佩吉特病、骨软化症、骨钙质缺乏、多发性骨髓瘤或对骨组织具有有害作用的癌症的其他形式的药物中的用途。
7.权利要求1-3中任一项的式(I)化合物或其药学可接受盐在制备抑制哺乳动物的良性和恶性异常组织生长的药物中的用途。
8.权利要求7的用途,其中所述异常组织生长是前列腺肥大,子宫平滑肌瘤,乳腺癌,子宫内膜异位,子宫内膜癌,多囊性卵巢综合症,子宫内膜息肉,良性乳腺疾病,子宫内膜异位,卵巢癌,黑素瘤,前列腺癌,结肠癌或中枢神经系统癌。
9.权利要求1-3中任一项的式(I)化合物或其药学可接受盐在制备降低哺乳动物的胆固醇、甘油三酯、脂蛋白(a)或低密度脂蛋白水平;或抑制高胆固醇血症、高血脂、心血管疾病、动脉粥样硬化、外周血管疾病、再狭窄或血管痉挛;或抑制血管壁免受由细胞活动导致的免疫介导的血管损伤的药物中的用途。
10.权利要求1-3中任一项的式(I)化合物或其药学可接受盐在制备抑制哺乳动物的由自由基诱发的疾病症状的药物中的用途。
11.权利要求1-3中任一项的式(I)化合物或其药学可接受盐在制备为哺乳动物提供认知增强作用或神经保护作用;或者治疗或抑制老年性痴呆、阿尔茨海默病、认知衰退或神经变性障碍的药物中的用途。
12.权利要求1-3中任一项的式(I)化合物或其药学可接受盐在制备抑制哺乳动物的炎性肠病、溃疡性直肠炎、克罗恩病、结肠炎、热潮红类、阴道或外阴萎缩、萎缩性阴道炎、阴道干燥、瘙痒、交媾困难、排尿困难、排尿频繁、尿失禁、尿道感染、血管舒缩症状、男性脱发、皮肤萎缩、痤疮、II型糖尿病、功能不良性子宫出血或不育症的药物中的用途。
13.权利要求1-3中任一项的式(I)化合物或其药学可接受盐在制备抑制哺乳动物的白血病、子宫内膜切除、慢性肾脏或肝脏疾病或凝血疾病或障碍的药物中的用途。
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AT (1) | ATE350366T1 (zh) |
AU (1) | AU2004241246A1 (zh) |
BR (1) | BRPI0410645A (zh) |
CA (1) | CA2525310A1 (zh) |
DE (1) | DE602004004124T2 (zh) |
DK (1) | DK1633699T3 (zh) |
ES (1) | ES2277273T3 (zh) |
MX (1) | MXPA05012249A (zh) |
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DE602004004124T2 (de) | 2007-04-26 |
EP1633699A2 (en) | 2006-03-15 |
EP1633699B1 (en) | 2007-01-03 |
US20050009907A1 (en) | 2005-01-13 |
CA2525310A1 (en) | 2004-12-02 |
US7157491B2 (en) | 2007-01-02 |
WO2004103941A3 (en) | 2005-01-20 |
JP2007503466A (ja) | 2007-02-22 |
PL1633699T3 (pl) | 2007-05-31 |
WO2004103941A2 (en) | 2004-12-02 |
MXPA05012249A (es) | 2006-02-10 |
DE602004004124D1 (de) | 2007-02-15 |
US20070043077A1 (en) | 2007-02-22 |
ES2277273T3 (es) | 2007-07-01 |
ATE350366T1 (de) | 2007-01-15 |
AU2004241246A1 (en) | 2004-12-02 |
BRPI0410645A (pt) | 2006-07-04 |
DK1633699T3 (da) | 2007-03-26 |
CN1791570A (zh) | 2006-06-21 |
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